Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
and
development
of
ClO2
Genera&ng
Materails
Time
1982
State
Approved Bureau
Usage Range
WHO
Approved
Drinking
ater
Disinfec&on
Different
States
ofWLegal
Provisions on Chlorine Dioxide
1985
U.S.A
FDA
1985
EU
European Commission
1987
Germany
1987
UK
Ministry of Health
1987
U.S.A
EPA
1989
U.S.A
EPA
1988
Japan
1987
Australia
Ministry of Health
1987
China
Ministry of Health
1996
China
Ministry of Health
2002
U.S.A
FDA
2005
China
Ministry of Health
Food
processing
equipment,
pipe,
cra[s
and
arts
equipment,
especially
in
milk
processing
plant
Drinking
Water
Disinfec&on
References
EPA National Primary Drinking Water Regulation: Disinfectants and Disinfection
Byproducts; Final Rule. 1998
The Building Services Research and Information Association (BSRIA) Chlorine Dioxide
Water Treatment, for hot and cold water services. 1997
etc
.
FDA REGULATION
Bakteri:
Bacillus cereus, Bacillus circulans, Bacillus subtilis, Bifidobacterium animalis, Campylobacter jejuni,
Clostridium difficile, Clostridium perfringens, Corynebacterium parvum, Enterobacter cloacae,
Enterobacter hafnia, Eschericia coli, E. coli O157:H7, Flavobacterium sp., Fusobacterium nucleatum,
Klebsiella pneumonia, Listeria monocytogenes, methicillin-resistance Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA),
Mycobacterium bovis (TB), Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium kansasii, Pseudomonas
aeroginosa, Pseudomonas sp., Salmonella choleraesuis, Salmonella enteridis, Salmonella typhi,
Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella typhosa, Sarcina lutea, Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus
epidermidis, Streptococcus faecalis, Streptococcus pyogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, vancomycinresistance Enterococcus faecalis (VRE), dll.
Virus:
Adenovirus, Bluetongue virus, Canine Parvovirus, Coxsackievirus, Corona virus, Encephalomyocarditis
(EMS), Echovirus, Feline calicivirus, Feline parvovirus, Hepatitis A virus, Herpes virus I, Herpes virus II,
Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1), Influenza-A virus, Iridovirus, Mouse virus, Mouse hepatitis
virus, Minute virus of Mice (MVM), Mouse encephalomyelitis virus, Mouse polio virus (MEV), Newcastle
disease virus, Norovirus, Parainfluenza, Pertiviries - Togaviridae, Poliovirus-1, Rotavirus, Rhinovirus type
37, Vaccinia virus, Vesicular stomatitis virus, dll.
Fungus:
Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Candida albicans, Fonsecaea pedrosoi, Fusarium sp., Mucor sp.,
Scopulariosis sp., Trichophyton rubrum, Trichophyton mentagrophytes, Sachromyces cerevisiae, dll.
Chlorine dioxide dalam bentuk larutan, adalah gas ClO2 yang diikat
oleh senyawa kimia yang stabil."
On bacteria
1.0 ppm of ClO2 can kill Staphyloccocus aureus (100%)
Bacillaceae(99.999%), E.coli (99.9999%) in the water
On virus
Lab test show: 1.0 ppm of ClO2 can 100% kill Herpesviruses including
Marek's disease virus, Laryngotracheitis virus, Pseudorabies virus
Bovine mastitis virus
and adenovirus including body hepatitis and Egg
drop syndrome, and influenza virus (I, II, III) for 30 min
On algae"
" 1.0 ppm of ClO2 can kill algaes in ponds
Sebagai Desinfektan
Chlorine Diokside ada dalam air sebagai ClO2 yang dapat
masuk/menyerap melalui membran sel bakteri dan
menghancurkan sel-sel bakteri (Junli et. Al, 1977b).
Mechanisme:
Protens
ClO2
Membran
Chlorine
dioxide
acts
by
rst
destroying
the
cell
membrane,
then
the
nucleus
of
the
bacteria.
Because
the
organism
is
totally
destroyed
no
resistant
strains
can
develop
which
enables
chlorine
dioxide
to
be
used
on
a
con=nuous
basis
without
the
need
for
alterna=ng
biocides.
O2 ClO2
MALARIA
RED
OX
MALARIA
O2 CO2
AFINITAS
KILLING
ClO2
"
Environment Disinfection"
Sample method
20
50
Sedimentation
12
20
43.5%
65.07%
69.69%
90.792%
67.35%
92.03%
99.53%
100.00%
Disinfection methodSpray"
Sample method
20ppm
12
20
38.65%
64.73%
85.46%
97.72%
52.30%
94.57%
99.58%
100.00%
Sedimentation
50ppm
Disinfection methodSpray
Thermotoletant
E.coli (MPN/100ml)
Water source
10
2000
2400
3000
Thermotoletant E.coli
(MPN/100ml)
Water source
Every
grain
of
sand
in
a
lter
system
will
contain
biolm
A
huge
surface
area
for
poten=al
contamina=on
of
the
water
supply.
Bad Odor
Biolm
.
Item
Standard
Before treat
After treat
chroma
15
20
turbidity
6.5
0.29
PH
6.5-8.5
6.96
6.79
Fe
mg/L
0.3
0.45
0.05
Mn
mg/L
0.1
0.15
0.07
As
mg/L
0.01
0.001
0.001
Cd
mg/L
0.005
0.0002
0.0002
Cr
mg/L
0.05
0.001
0.001
Pb
mg/L
0.01
0.0002
0.0002
10
Hg
mg/L
0.001
0.0001
0.0001
mg/L
0.076
0.0025
0.0027
Total metal
Unit
Usos
0,5-1%
ClO2
(aq)
Symptom
No
Result in Respiratory Tract Infection and other disease
Decline animal production capabilityexposed long time
to lead Respiratory Tract Infection and Pneumonia
>80ppm
ClO2
Chlor-
hexidine
Chlorine
/
Hypochlorite
Phenol
Aldehyde
NaOH
Alcohol
Resistance
to
Organic
Good
Ordinary
Poor
General
Good
Good
General
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Ac=vity
increased
Result
is
best
in
26-60oC
No
No
Ac=vity
in
Hard-
water
Aect
High
Temperature
Result
is
best
in
26-60oC
No
Ac=vity
decreased
below
43oC
pH Range
No eect
Alkaline
Acidic
Acidic
No eect
Alkaline
No eect
Anion
Soap
Compa=bility
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
No
Ac=vity
of
Residue
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Yes
No
Toxicity
or
Discomfort
No
No
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
Damage
to
Surface
No
No
Yes
No
Yes
Yes
No
Most
Part
Most
Most
Yes
Most
Most
Yes
Yes
Part
No
Part
Part
No
Part
Yes
Yes
Yes
Yes
.
No
Part
CHLORINE DIOXIDE
PETUNJUK
PEMAKAIAN
ECOSYS
Tablet
-
1
gr
KEPERLUAN
PEMAKAIAN
(
ppm
)
1 TAB/WATER (Liter)
METODE
5,0 3,7
5,0 3,7
Kandang
Hewan
(
20-27
ppm
)
5,0 3,7
Semprot/spray
(150-200ml/m2
atau
30-40ml/m3)
2,0 1,25
2,0 1,0
2,0 1,0
Lap/seka
500 125
10.000 - 2.000
300