Sie sind auf Seite 1von 58

H. .lil!. Jl!t!1I!.

IW

Ui .h-:I:::.1!.:uIDN>IX OCHhffiHCO(;r.)l_ .... 11.('l'01!'J~C'K(lrn :PA ~mm1:1;1' ltif;\'P1(1C11ThtA

v- T- ifJ!!rlin

IT'J SDM'fl "F'f.iOILt '\ ames Gb

Ti I t. It I iii l.urul;:U .DE\'!EL.oQijii:\ff:-.1T OF J..i" A R>r-5.M

f~ :r~m,li

I.() rr t ffi ~ UJ tti.cil ~ QI !J(f;\)[J Jb!DI (t;lJ mli" ci=<i1 ui1~

cit6\) <f1.ooLlIlllUQ)1.J ffim

1~lnl

(ljJwG6IfT ;iJ jDU t.t f?i UW/i t1; LDfT..iveB 8i tt

Iiil1I jiJU&MUJfTill tr 8iill

$J!Jd, G!CF!f!!Ja.rfl '-IS; fMJ6!f..iv L5i6~lI)a6l1L o;6)uS!G!L_L

QCF:iiM&or

ufijluurrWrT @j,rDIUy. 5

UJrTrT .imUJ~fijlW1~LUJ @J{HiVrT,rD!J)1 @JmrTcifi"nJJiOM

m<nJ @UJriiVYaiW 6

eu [J <nJ tr ;D,f!5!@J ai IT rTriiV

6J5I fijlr4;aiUULL 1

2

3

UJrT rT .iliiiu fJj ~ f!jl1ii1l j, f!jl8>@j

r;;u (!!jrliJai IT <nJ LD 1 4 14

16 17

UJrrrT.i~UJ$~ f.YJ6M!J)l

r:yyoiJr jJ)J ~wmL.ia;8> 1

2

3

C8 J5rr ,rD!J)1lii1lrTliJai@!JW

an.!J)l8i@!jLD 20

21 24 26

© /brEiJj:J QL1.JrT!I1QUUJrTLJL-/ cYJliMGmji)JDu ufJ)UU8>W, 1985

airrrrriiV UJrTlT a;1iiiu (usttrr 8;8'llLJffi~ /bu u,m)J5!UJ

6J1)mSlJ;w)!]"Il..jI:.~_~ ~~w$/b 6lJrTJj:J8;Ii[)8> 6lJ!]"rot1rT,mf!)J# 29

&@j8;8>W) . 29

uurti 8;8'1~ GLlrr ~ . 3 7

/bi>~6lJ®'TrDMU GUrT@jwcYJ/b'iitJ@Jrr/bw. 37

rilUJ 8; 8i6l5) UJGv 4 2

ru!]"~rr ;D'iiID jDu Ll,ill)J5! UJ Qu rT@j!iiTr(yJf!j'iitJru,7/b8;

8>(l!jffiG /brTL..LW 45

rurTMU GUrTi;rrTl._o __ LW . 49

WrTrT8;fF)~ QurT®mrr/brr!]"u GUrT~. 52

wfJ)uLf 52

9Lum wfiJluLf. 55

.II 0101020000-154 338-85 014(01)-85

3

70

UiTLLJTIilfJ8iW fJ;l GlJrT a.8iU GUrTrJm"':_L __ :i>fiJW G:umj- jJ

ffi;jjfBr;r·riila;m . 76

J.5JGl[TG"iLrf/.i I5TffilG"ia;iv<Oiv 84

ufiJuurrliiYTrT @j;DIuya;rorr 99

GUilJrT.9; @j;DIUua;crrrj) .106

!iI~~jJ Q~rT(!_5uy fWroU!r5v @J. @. QGitJ~W LDJTrTJ;&'1UJffi

fill~U uftJ;ffi iiiT(!jIfB/lJ r51!TUGitJa. 8iL(EJfill!Ta;m @LI.ll Qu,dJ

!J)Jww~ . @fill6lJ 8>rTrTGv WrTrT a.,.,(uC:UiT ~000ru5!6W QP8;fii!UJ

<!T iT!T jJm jlj QGlJOitfIu u(EJ jJ f?i Ur5vG:GlJ!J)J eui: 6lJ tt ftJ!J)Js; 8> tt GitJ8> L

L fliJ 8> Gjrflr5v !i! ffi /Jj U G:u tt /hChru516W 6& fiJm /lJ8; 8> IT L(EJ8ilri>ir j!J~ . "WrrrT Mi'lriiYr Gurr /JjOm QwtiJUJiT~:Jjl. ~/h~r5v /JjrTW ~:Jjl iiiTr5vGitJmD 6lJr5vGitJ /hroMmW GlU,dJ;ffi(0a.{i;jD:Jjl. ~fJ;l (!jJ(!jImW/lJ,T~, IQ...WIilfJIOON s;a;t.b Q8>iTGWL (lurr ~Oow . ~rT fj!rir;ffi&or;jjjlj IQ...GitJ8>U

UITrTfi61GlJfi61/lJ ~:Jjl WS;8i@!j8;(!_5 ~6Yf!s;fii!jD:Jjl. rorffi/Jj GlJIJf-GilljJ

fijlfiWLDmw;jjjlj flPLf9t.br518i'iirJl8>8>CiWIT, r51,dJGurra.G:8>rT, QPjljGitJiT

OitfIjJt!)JGlJ &@8;('!j(yJfi61j!JS;@j ~jlj!T,a:GilliT !iI;1/Jj .2...GitJa;U UTrT m iill IL{ L riiYr fj! ffi:§)lliill r;r (yJ1Jf- tu rr t!)J . Q 3}rT usrr G15A UJ jJ jlj:i> t!)J6lJ ~rrr.ill t.b , ~r5J8ilG6lJUJ ~!Tm/lJ..v QUrT(0wrr jbrT!TW, r51Glcr§8T G:<!TrT~roU!5t.b HlifrrjD IillIJf-<illjJfBGv 19w .fJjfTftJ(f!lGliMlJf-iu LD~jJj ('!jGitJW .2...(0 @JiTa.8ilffi ffi;1 ffi jtj&ufil jJJ;t jb Ufi61LU Y 8>1iIfJ 6W IQ... rflfi61 LD Q u jJ jD

Iill.TrfJarjljlT<iW LDrTrT 8im/lJw. ' ,

LD.TrT s;filUJ jJfijlroM Gl@J,dJ;6I8>W, @,jljW1fillL/lJ ViT fiJrfJa;oo LDiTrT8;

&=l/lJ U G urr tr fill<ill S; ®m Lf®$:Jjl Gl8iiT W@!jf_£iT!J)JW WiT tr s;fiI<ifrr

Gurr ffiOowmUJ ffi fiJrfJffi:Jjls; Qa;T 4m<!TUu(EljJt!)JLDrT!J)JW ;E!rTUU$

jis;$lw jJJliiM rorW!J)J GlGitJi.wf'rill /h6W 8iL~(E)mr;r a;6Yf!6c 8iiTLG

fii!1ifrr(f!lrT. ~~1iiiJ @filliill r;;£~'OT C!jJ/lJ,Wfi:8>0Tr; fj>GiJQ5lJrT(0

yfijl/lJ GlJ[JGitJrT ,dJ!J)J5 58>iTU/hQPW, QPr;rGliMUrT(EJ8iOOIL{W G:8>(£i8>OO IL{W IQ...fillLUJ QP/JjGitJiTWl ffi:Jjl<ill ffi$ltii6l(0$:Jjl 8>Wflsi,GJfJ<!T <!TQP/h,TUJ iJ fj) ,dJ 1'!3 LDfT ;614 Q <!T1iiiJ ~ t.b UiT 6lf! jlj fill /lJ wG15A jb ® 6lJ di jl J6® s; 8i IT L(Ei W jlj ffi fJ;i1ill W rorlifrr JD Iill fill8iuJIr5v LDfTlT 8i filUJ ffi f?i ,W(CJj G wrill

GLD~Lb ~@a;Qiill,W,ID:fillUJ8; Qa;rrG<fuT@ GlJ(IIj$ljDt!)J.

ri/jJGljlJlT@jUY .fJjfTtii6litJ @LW GlUjJ!J)J<OfrW ILrTlTolJ u:ni'rffimJ,

l3G1rrGldlffi I'iT~Q~ffiJ ~8il/lJ 8iL(f}lfill!T8>WlGiJ LDlTrT8i§')UJ

~<'fnwa;OitfIrill Br(!!J8;8iLDIT'ill 1ill1T/p$6lf!8j Iill!TGitJiT!J)J @LW GlU;jJ !J)Jm SIT't!)J .

5

lDlTt.rffiIilUl;.!i~@).I~LUl su 1J5\J1T.ri>~ 5l..mTt'r<ffilul1ffi 1il5\J @U1ro4~

8i6Yr UJIT [f)J6lJ @iu&v . (l!jcoq.UJ 8' (lJ! :Jj IT UJ j, @ ~ 6YrW uiu(]GlJ!!JI GlJ IT 8i 8irtil8irorfi6lflL(]1U ;£ItiiIlro6l 6lJ(!!jw ~UJ-UU6lfIL ZL/D!Olj, ZL,'bIT[Fii1J15TUJrrtiJ, Q8'W /D ~ ~rillr (Bi8i ea IT 8i UJIT@UJr£!(!!jdJ/lli GlJ (!!jGlJ /llI (]U IT 6lJ(]GlJ , (!!j~UJlTro6Iiu QUIT(!!jWIT ,'b1T(J /bfijliu (QUIT(fIjffilT ffilT(J j,@oiv UJL (Biwiu6'IJ) 8i1T6muu@Gir/D QUIT g)/6lJITW UlfI@!)W euearr c#F;u (]UT 8i@iw WIT (!Tj w(]6'IJ bi/(!!j dJg)/ fill dJ fijI@ff>Gir/D1ffi 'iiTW U /llI Q:Jj LL jb Q:JjrorfiGlj .

~@6il. @rB,'b<i; 8iIT6lJa;LL/b!i)6il "m~6lJW'TW 8'(lJ!,'bITIU-

~(JffJUJiu ;£I&v6lflwlLJw, ~g)/ (]UITIiiC (]Jlj(JI.SJ-IUITW, ZLLWUJ-UJITW

Q8'IUr£!tDiir ®;DI<i;Ga;IT6Yr8il§w uS!8i~ jro6l(JW,Ta; WIT,aSI GlJdJ

$J®8iGirw /Dw. @;'!)m ffi1~TrlilJrrffi, wITrr8;ffJUJffi$Ji)Vw ~,'bw

uoilGruJl)l ~w8'riil8im (!jJWGI5T~8;@j GlJ j}/lli ~IJ GrumrlBw.

qQwWl6il usnii 8i&;lUJw ZLu5Jrru uliiiMLj Q8imii7i~IL (]UIT,'bM

UJ.IT@jW.

bi/ dJ,'b8i 8i ® j, 6lfI,'b j, Gl,'brorfifill IT 8;@jW QUIT (fIj L@ , "m ,ffiIT 6'IJ UJIT 6"OT "'(!jJ,'bITIU-~(JffJUJiu tff/&v6lflwu5liu Q8'W /D ~ ~1iiiM@8ir;;rf)titJ er ,dJULI.SJ-®ff>&il/D WIT [f)J,'b&v8> Qa;IT~"'W 8i6lJ~U(]UIT W. @;iJ,'b ~(!TjIiiiM@8> 8iIT6'lJUU@j$J r:JjJW f!)J fYJW [T)J ~OO@8iOO 8> Q8i,TOOL {i)(fIj 8i1T6'lJUU@fijl8iWIT8iU 0)rf}GlJ6lfIfo 'iiT@/b,'b 'iiT@uO)

(]6lJGUJ 8iIToofilG@w . fft(flj 8i1T6'lJUU@j@ 1 90 7 W ~ool.SJ-rifrT

(]8i1T 6l5J L ILJ LW er /D j,,'bIT !jJ (!jJl.SJ-fill6l5l L8;) /D /llI ; w;D /D 8i IT 6'IJ U

u®@ 191 Ow ~ooL!f.Jm G5iITGi6lLILJLW (!Jll.SJ-fill6lflL8;)/D/lli.

(!Jl;D,aSI~w ,'bj,/llI6lJITrT ffi,'b8> 8ismG~LL/bj)iu, (!Jl,'biu fYJw

@oo@8i a;IT6lJuu@jfij!UJrrwlffi ~uGuITIffi (fIjcoq.UJlTro6I6il ~(Ja;.

~6lfIwuLj (Y'6l5J/Du5Jw ~I.SJ-UUGi6lLUJITIill @j~@8'UJI!iJ8ir;;rf)iu

(]6lJ8i WIT 8i q Jbu LL WIT f!)J flJ 6il 5i ett IT iu GGlJ f!)J u(£i ffi $18; 8iIT L

LUU@€iil/Dg)/. @.rBflJ wlTf!)Jffiiva;r;;rf)w Gurr8;@ fft(](J fl(JITa;

@iu6lJITwtitJ ~GJlj8i'DJ;D/D @/D8ia;riil8i@ljLw anI.SJ-UJ:JjITu5J(fIjj}:JjIffi; bi/® @6l5l8'8ifitfli)Vw =8'JiilJITLLj,j)W J58~a;.w uJ/8iU

QurflffilTu5I(fIjj}jJj/ffi. "Gwiv a;L@UJITwffi@iu" IiiJ;DULL @$,'b

WIT !!JI,'biua;r;;rf)1iiM 8' (!jJ ,'bIT UJ -Glu IT ® ett IT :Jjrr (J ~I.SJ-U U6lfI L 'iiTW

wQ fill G1ffI iu (l!jcoq.UJ 8' (!Jl:JjIT UJ ffi ff;i1iiM 6T olJOlJrr euti 8>8irtil8iI§W

WffiU UroGruJl)lULL g)/6lfI/Da;IDff!i).liw 'iiT@ffi/lll8; Gi8iJT<iimL

Gl8' UJiu8iGG'/T ((gWITI 8' LL8'6lfIU8>®..rraW ILj W QGlJIilf)GUJILJW,

uffi@rfl6l5l8ia;w. 8'r5Ja;riila;w, QUIT fgJ8> anLLrtil8iW (!fJ,'b6lJrrW

fill Jb,aSliu Jlj6lflLQU,dJ/D Q8'UJJbUrrGL) ~@jW. 8'rfI j,$J(J ;ii@oiv

~1.SJ-8;8iUf- 8iIT6m8>$)rOIDL8;a;rr ffi ~<iifTriIiI(]JiiIJ @;i;,'b~ Q"'UJtitJ ~tiu

'iiTrtila;(5rOIDLUJ Gurr,'b&irr, Gl8'UJi).li8>@j fft® 6lJ!JI a;rrLI.SJ-GUJ

ffirilil(J 6lJ/DL(£i.'F (§j,@(JW ~titJlilJ 'iiTwGir@rT 'iiTrtilQ8i6il6W-

foWrOIDWlLjr.b Lj8iJjJ uJ/8;8i ,'bL.D§jJ jIJOOU6lfI(JILJW @j}!5J8;@jW

6lJOOIiilWW 'iiTl"5J8i@J6l5lLUJ 'iiTWfil@rT. Wrrrr8>firUJffi@titJ ~1.SJ-8i8i1.SJ-

UIilJ(l!jW W/D$/lliGJ1J@w ~rT ~W8' ;ii6l5lfo8; @j}!5Ju!5lLffi,'b@j$,'b 6lJ~GljLWW QUIT(l!j6lrr§l6l5l/DGljLW/W @$fo fftuyUJrr~;b/D 6lJrr8'8iW fill~lLJ!!JIffi/lll8iJ/D§jJ· bi/6l5l fo W/D$/lli riIiI@6l.lj)rifrT r:yJ6lJWIT 8i JljIT W WIT tr 8; ffJUJ ffi 6l5l,'b fft® ,'b&vU UL 8' W IT W , ZL®8; ®&v8;a; UU L LffiITW, ZLu5I(J Jb/D fiYii'rr@tiJffi @rflffi/lliGJ1J@8;)G(!TjW; :Lu5JrT ffi @UJriilGir fill(l!jW ~WWlTrOID6lJ ~ff;i~(I!j$/lli U;DIffi/lli GJ1J(£i&iJG(!TjW; WIT rT 8>firUJ tb@W fYJi6U1T foIT cr i.; ,'b i.; /lli6lJ ~I.SJ- ffi,ffJ<iifT rtil a;&rr - ~ ffiIT6lJ tJj/ (!jJ(J<DWr UIT(Bi8i6lr r§l6lfI /D $fgJ W 8' rTGlJGJ1J UJ IT U 8i UJ IT 1Lf(!Jl<ifTfii'fT 8'rflffij)(J GlJWrT .'F&l6l5lILlU UJb;D1UJ C8UIT ,'b&irrlUlTfilUJ @1U8;a;ro6IUJ&v - fo<iifTtT i.;ff;iU u6'lJ6ilwuu@ffilffi8iJC8(!TjW; JljW/lli 8'a;ITu,'btb@titJ J]5W(Y'Wgg)JWW $JLL6lJLLWITW jIJ6lfIL(!jJiWl/D8; 8iL6lfIW8i@JLW. GlJ(JIilJ,T ;Dp5JW ~Gl6lJIT(I!j yfijllLl @®UUi.;6lfI,'bILJW Q:Jj,TLrTdJlffi UJIT f!)J W UI.SJ-UJ IT w @$fo8; 5iL6lfIW8iI§LW UJIT IT 8i fir UJ ffi tJj/8;@j

@(l!j8>@jW Gi,'bITLtT6l5JU JljITW ~!!JIti3Gifop5i$)G(!TjW.

JIJW Iffi 5iIT6lJ tb ff;ititJ , @~ IU lTGJ1Jiv WIT ti 8ifir ILl ffi@rifrT 5i@6lfIUJU

U;b;D1 .,gJJ8>a;6l5l /D Gl8iIT6'51rrI.SJ-@UUGlJ.rt8irorfiW UJ;iiff;iu5lC8IilJ, ustrri 8> firlLlffi@1iiM bi/dJ,'b8> @j;D1UO)LL ~W8' ffi6l5lfo UJ/D;i;/lli r£i@riI/D6lJrT a;oo ~1.SJ-ff>a;1.SJ- 8irillr@ GlJ@GirC8(!Tjw. ~u5Jgg)JW iFWU a;IT6lJffij)iv (l!j6itILl.1T @[_(>_rT wIT!J)JJhiua;@!jff>@j ZLLULUf-®UUtJj/ liiTivG6lJIT®ff>@iW QftjIiiYflGlJITtiJti3 Glffirfl$Gftj bi/®8>8i G6lJOO@W. Q8'UJ61lIw (§JjJ;fi&v6l5lW 8iOOILfW, ~GlJ.m;D1W 8iIT(JIiilWUJIT 8i~ Q8'UJr£!1iiM @j;D1#:35iIT6Yra;wlLJw uJ/8iGljW (]Jlj(JI.SJ-IUIT8ifilJW IQ_LWUJ-UJIT8iGljW r§lrtliilWu5l8;@iwuUf-lUrrW 8'(!jJ ftjlT IU -~(J &:lUJtitJ ;£I&v6l5lW6lfI ill 6lJ 1:fJ8; 8i tb ff;ir£! 6o@1T,'b G6lJ a; tb tJj/ Lgg)J W 6lJ!ii6l6lj Lgg)J W WIT Jb;DI ro6I@ W ~ffiOl/8; @j @;i;flj WIT!J)J ,'btitJa;w @@@uQuw tff/a;{jJ$/lliWffiW. QUIT tJj/UU6lfILILlITW, ~Uf-U U60ILILlITW @i,!15l8;G8ilTm8iW bi/riilGa; fljlTW @p5iut..!ilLr£iiv&v. eurt 8; a;riila;,,",6l5lLGILl ;fiJiiVOl/W ~I.SJ-UU6l5lL iQ_ j!JUlJ WIT@w!ii6I(l!J8>@jW <ilJ6lfI(Ju5Jiv 8'rfii.;ff;i(J ffi@W @@uuriila;r;;rf)@iv @$~8; @jp)l8;G8iITW

6

7

ruW!Dl/ U8;Ji;rrEJ8iWrTfiM jljfTU_;W, liiT(ij)uurr aiiDljW, Qru@j@?fiM 611#

m!iWlLUJjljrr8i!Dl/W ri/®$jlj~.

@jlj;D@j WfT(l!J8i @1)"6WLrTW (yJ~~(ij)8; aifTGVuu@j@u5I~ jljr;;dJ @UJivy- @llii]8i (}fl;D;DI.fWw ffiffi~6lJITIi ffijlj "g(yJ8ir£iUJiv" ai~G~L..Lffi~GiJ WL..(ij)Gw r£i~UJffi!iWljlj8; a;6lJJ,ffi~ 6lJ®~G(l!Jw 1iiT~ L!)I L£fiW@w G'lgfTGiJ~G jD~ - IiiTriiWrnQ6lJriiW(l!JriiJ, ~Il f1j8i wrraij, Gjlj8;8i[tl&v 1iiT~[[)I Wj;;8;8i8; 5n.Ii/-UJ ~riIT!Dl/8;@jU LJrfI~LD wwiT #li) w$jljWfTuSi(l!jItjljll jljUJIT@jW. ~I)" m ~!iWlWUL.J (}fl!iWl j!Ju5iGiJ

rgjJl)" WiDlj &_L_ (}fl8; fi:! ILIW ttast LD tt [[)I jlj su a; 6Tr 1iiT!iWl@1Il.{W er ;D

uLsBl riiJ&v. (YJ$@UJ 8ifT6Vuu@jj;;uSiGiJ et [njlj .. ~[Tf5:J@j" .g;r;;yf}GiJ

f1jL@lIi/-8;riID8iaiW wwiT 8;a;UUL...LGirirG6llrr ~@l ;D;J5i1iiv GluC!!Jw

UfTGVfTfiM@1;D;J5i1iiv 6IJ r"r1i&~~mLlIJ ufi:![T.iJa;WTrF6T, uGiJ

@l1ii018iULJL..L f1jL6llU/-8;Iii018i8iW 1iiTIii01@lll.{W ~Gf!j8iWrT,g; [DIii1SlL

QUjDsBlriiJ&v.

@$jlj @[T~@ ,g;fTGVUU(§j@ai(f!!j8;(§jWIiiDL(]UJ @®$jlj

'§l;D.!J)IIiiDWIllWgW liiT~rnQ@lGil5flriiJ, ri/[TfiW@ a;rrGVuu@jWa;~.,Ww ®~UJrr<i6/1iiv (}fljljGV/TIi;rAffi§)lwu LJlfl~ww [DIii01LQLJ;DL!)I @lJjjjlj~. @$jljU GlUfT®<ifTIT jljrr[TU UrfI~Wj,~8;@jW LJriilJ OJl)"yj,g)J6lJ, Wj,WUJ ,g;fT6Vffij;;UJ ~Iii01WULJ,g;ofr $ISJ-fo§)l @(I!j$§)I 6lljJjljjlj;D@jW @Iii01LGILJu5J(!!j$jlj (!J!l)"fiWurr(£i ;B8;8iUULrTWriiJ QjljfTLiT$.~

@(I!j$§)I 6llffijljg)J; 9'lGiIJ ~Iii01WUL.J8iW ~1ii01[T@jIii01JDlLlrTfiM !d.rT~rurT jljm-<rnW Glu;DJDjlj~riiJ @ffifE> (YJ1)"~UfT(EI jir£iI)"WIii01LItjlj(]jlj fjly51Ul jlj~8;8iUULr£iGiJav.

@jJfE> @[TfiW(EI 8irTriilJUU@jW8i@8;fi:!IiiDLGUJ @(Ilj$jlj G6ll;D

[[)IIii01W 6T6¥6¥Q6ll6¥(l!JGiJ, GwjiJ(§;DIUt5!L..L glflriiJriilJlT jlj, ~;DJD

@jD8;a;WfTGirir ~WG@l,g; WfT[[)IjljriiJ,g;m 6Tffijlj @11.i/-6llffi<rnjlj ~;D

@5Qwm-LJ~ (yJjlj6iJIT6llg)J 8,fT6iJUU@5WuSJliiv 6llf]"riilJrr!J)J UriIfIL8>@5W jljavlii1SlwUJrrrm- (yJjlj;DQu(Iljw Ga;illciilLJrru"J W®[njlj§)l. (l!jrorpUlfT r£i W urf) ~ W ru 6'fTrT 4li} (yJ jlj 6iJ fTorfi j, §)Iru j, jljm-rilfl W tu jlj tt u"J @C!!JJi;jljjljfTliiv @$jlj W tr fl)/ jljGiJ8i~~ lLWW L8;8i(YJW (Lp jlj GV tt 6rfJ j, §)Iru jljW!iWlW Q,g;rrrdlfrLjljrrlil w®Jil§)l fbI)" Gru6WU/-UJjljfTuSijiJ[[)I. ~~cOV (Lp jlj6IJ tt 6rfJ ;!l;§)IW eu Ii 9.8, .sE jljrrrfl riiJ Glru6lJ CJru [[)I su liiDaiuSJ 6¥ iT @(Ilj,dJffiGirirrT. <qJjDj,jljrr/p [tljljfT6¥ WjljrufTjlju CJUfT8;liiDa; ~~ 5/f)uU jlj.rrti.!8; 8"n.!J)Jw [D(£ij,jlj[T (YJffi6VfT~8,I@)W QU(I!j (yJjlj6iJrrorfi a;l@)w jljlliJ,g;m rurT8;8i [tl&v ,g;rrI)"GrnwrT,g; lLL6¥Llj- WfTf!)JffiGiJ

,g;@59.@5 ~r§~ /€16V'ilJ6lI)L!iWlW .,,¥J{lii01wuOi.fWw 5rfi, ~[T~UlGiJ

"CJwriiJ 8iL..(j}iWfTrF6Td>$I.fWW" gtf), U6lI)!;p1LJ <qJ;DufT(£ia;&ru

QU(l!jWW!Dl/ w#5Q5rr45r5:JMorr @®Ji;jlj6lJfTC8JD <rnwd>ffil®9.8i (!J!ILJ;D €il j, jlj tt iT ai W . fi:![T tt wu LJ JD d> $I 2llill W @jL..1.i/- (yJ jlj6V rr6rfJ !b g)Jru eu tr 8;8iW " jlj r5:J 8i W !iWl8i us tr riiJ lL!iWl/p fo g)J " ggr£i 8;&iI /D <i6/6lJgrruSi W8;8i(f!!jLW U)m-GiI5f)u L5i&llNJi;@(Ilj8>@jw. aifT[TGiW !b.1lifTcOV aruw ruffi$UUl_L (ljJjljliilJlTOiyfl ,,2Jg)JrulF fliT@(l!jfojljl5:J8i(f!!j8>8ifT8i, ~jljrT6llg)J LDj,@UJ 8irrGVfofjjJUJ uSi45Gl5lTIFgdiJa;w JBLlj-;bW®8>8i

uSl8i 8> @51ii1Sl/D;]jlj @L C8w ~ 8>8i 8; 5n.I.i/-UJ cYJ jljGV rr6rfJ fo ~6lJ IF

fJrt@®fojljdiJ8i(f!!j9.8ilT8i, (yJUJ,dJ8'J;bg)Jfo fb[T C86lJ6WLlj-uSi®;]jlj§)l.

5n.<i£lj, G'ljljrTy96iJITWrt8iW jljwIii1Slw4 m,dJ;J5i.,WW IiiTwroor [DLMi)JD~ IiiTWUliiDjlj .2_6"OrrTrTriiIf HrT6lJwfTa; ~;DIJi;~ G'l8ifT~I.i/-(l!j;]jlj ~m riiIf 8;@j @6iJro5l[TrdIfr(j}i (]6ll!J)J U L..L C8u tt 8>@j8i6rfJ!iWlLCJUl [D1ii1Sl L_ Glu,dJ/D GUfTliiDr;rU u;D;DIfo jljW8>C88i;DjD 8iGi'fuG~L..Lfo6ll)jlj ru@j,,2J~9. G'l8ilTOi-m(j}i jr;r Gru~IlTl¢®0jlj~· @6iJr£i[TrdIfr@ Gurr8; @j8i@!)W (}fl jlj GV tt 6rfJ ji ffJ}6ll ~1ii01 LDuLf (YJ61f! /DuSiriiW 8i L..(£i8;G8irT U61f! U 6l1IL...(j}i G'I@}(iirf)(]UJ Q9"6VGVfTw6iJ ~jlj@JwC36'fTC3UJ @®0t!J1, ~6lJ 6ll!iWlwuU)w (ljJ;D;J5i211w QruGillG6lJ(l!J1iiW 6llU/-rudiJ8i&rlLfw, ~jljm- 6lJmrt5~uSJ6V (Lp;D;D1gww QwGillG6ll(I!J<iiI!T G6ll8ir5:J8i&rll.{w, ~jljw (Lp ,dJGUfT 8>(§j5 QaccOV6lJfT 8>&il6iJ Qruaill(]6ll2JI :!lir;rr5:J8,&ru_;w 6lJ,dJ

L.J[[)Ifo@rn.

@Gillr08jljw (yJjlj6iJrTru~ 8irnivuu®iJi C3urTrtfo;bJil@r;rw u;D;DIUJ Oi 1)" 5 ~ 8iQrOffW. :!)I 6lJ /'p8>8i LD'T 8i8; @j;DI8;8iUu@&iI/D<iu;DliiD!D uvrtr 8;8'JUJfo@riiW (!J!~6lJrf}<rnacuSiriv Q8ifT~@ 6lJJi;ffJl [tl[[)Ij,iJiUlffJl·

@ffJl ~C3jljrT ;bjiJG'l5UJtDJJrr5i f1jL8;ai@!6V!'tiv; C1jlj61f!6lJLL~W aiL..

L'TUJfojljIT6V <qJ;DULLt!JI. @ffijlju L.5)1)"IF~5irOYr @j;D1j,~8>

&ilmwt.5)Ul 5rT51ii1Sl58i@'jW 8iC!!Jfo~ C1ru;D.!J)IriIfILD8i@jW ".,,¥J{;DI'ilJfo

~1ii01 jDuSJGirirrf}!iWlLIlUJ' , f1jL8;$1;n 9"rT 9"!iWl9"8irOYr jljfTW 6TW fl)/w, "U8;@j6lJLDGOILlLJrTjlj UfTLLfT6rfJ @j,T8;a;j}iJiwC3wroiJ Qac6VrurT8>@j QU[J)frujlj;D5irT8i JIlL8;(§W fft® C1Urrl)"rTL..LCJw" 1iiT~[[)Iw, ".,,¥J{;J5i61ffo ~61f!,mu5/tmrt jljlliJaiOOU urTL..LfTorfi 6lJrT8;8ifo§)l8>@jfo

jlj5i6lJ!iWlW fo ~ 8; Q 8i fT!tiIT@j!iWljlj8> ' , @j;DIuu61f!@jC3 iu 1iiT~ !f)J W

u6iJC36lJ.!J)I a:rTUl6iJ8i6rfJ211WrTroor aliU~ ~jlj1)"6lJ,'TGiffrT 8iW2

$I~8;~@rt8irOYr; @61f!jlj r,;B,L ;!li6lJ(!!j'Girir 8;(l!jj,J§I C3@jQ@m-

fl)/uSiGiJ&v. @jlj;D@j C1[DrtwrT(!!j'8i @$jlju urrLLrr~ 6lJrT8>8iW,

U 8;@jWW Q u ;iJ [J)f "s, LL jlj~Giv jlj tt W , ~ ffJl ®~ tu rT6l1IGirr

(!jJjljljiJJrT~fo~ru ruwrt48'l !d.1)"rT<i6/~w 8irTGiWuu(£iw @GiI

6l1I[TrdIfr@ 1l6lJ.!J)IUL..L Gurr8;@j8iorfiGOlLCJUJ JIlL8;&ilft) C1urTrT

®# j,~ GljG~;!lifTG® IiiTw;D1®8>a; (!J!U/-UJ<i6/6iJ&v; ~8iC16lJ @$jlj

8

9

lOW'" ,5,8i j) fjMifr ,flj ffi ~6l.J rdi'lrfl UJrT 8iW Q6l.J.ruG6lJ@fiiM {i,).ruroGi ® GUIT s,®

8i~8;@jW (GjljrTC!f'8iWIT 8iG6'lJIT =!DC!f'$W'Taf]6lJrr, Gf!J[JrrfiiM

t.5![Jjlu~UUrr8iG6l.J1T riiTfijJ[JITfiiM t.5![Jjlu~UUrr8iG6lJrr) 6]";DfD

6'lJ61D$u5l~ ,fljj)§jJ6'lJ rffijJlLJrrrDfiT 6lI!OJl[JUJ!J)Iuys,$l'riirr 6lJ@jjiJ§jJffi

,flj(I!J6lJ61D,fljjiJ jbroGirT 8;8i (ljJ1.Jj.1LJ65Iiv&u.

@[J..m-Lrr6'lJ§jJ 8irr<iVUu®fijJu5lG6V (I!J~ILJIT~W (!jJjlj6VIT.;,yf)ffif1jJ6lJ

6lIlifTrT ,#flu5lw Q6lJ.ruG6lJ(0'fiiM GUIT 8;@j8i.;,yf)61DLu5l<iVrrfiiM GurrrT

{i1$tj)MiI ~[Jr5J~~ 8iITG®rUUL ruloiJ~, 6]"QfiiMrnJ~ !iI~,flj

@lJomm C8Urr8;@j~Gw "u@ffi,flj t.5!;bGurr8;8irT8i6fTIT6v'· f!J8i-8;

8iUUL(¥i£JL_.LfiiM, t.5!w~8;@jffi ,fljW6fTUUL@ I[LWfQlJITr5J&il8; Q8iITW~WUUJ-Je Gr5'tilILJUULLrDU, /hIT ;D8iIT66J<EWIT 8i e!jl#Q5'IT@8;

8iUULLfiiM. Wj}fijlUJ 8iIT6VffijiUJu u@j}/h t.5!;biJUIT8;8irT8iW

(!jJWWG1f5fi8;® @l~§)! {i1riM!J)IQ8iITcOWL G,fljrrL6v6VITW6v

(!jJjb6VIT.;,yf)~§jJ6l.JBe 8'C!f'jbITUJffifj:Jw Wl8i ~rf);iJ/h ~rDUUU@jjl

8i.;,yf)GrflLGUJ alilJ~ u5lw IIL<i®rrT Jefila;l'riirr, WrDfiT .:FC8",rrrT61DfQlJUiw,

w!J)J,fljr;;6/ ffif1jJ8; !OJl<EGJ1I@w wG!@$1&v!OJlUJUiW (JW(J6Vrrr5J8i.:F Q 5' til ,flj6I$TrT. !iluiJUIT§jJ ,flj&V~M;;)UJ§jJ U61Dbf)Ul ~61DWULf (ljJmfDGrflUlJe fJrTfijI(!!J~/h {i1;D@jW @!l~0J @JicP(IjJ!OJljD8iW @61D~6VITW

(JUITrT ~riv6V; riiT;iJ,flj ~,fljwrrw fJrTjI®ffi,fljr5J8i6lfl~w f!JWU,8;

!OJl8iu51wmw, ' '~l.Jj.uG1f5fi/!J§jJ roGi(Jjlw' • , , 'urr6lJ wwri1!fIuLf

J9IT(JjIW" WrDfiTUUITr5J®. "'(_ljJ8i-roGiGrJ[f/hU (JUIT,flj&r<EGtfiw W§)!

GWIT$W, {i,)m !D(5ITfiiMU UijiJ§jJ !ilffifijllLJrr fj:JUJIT6I$T61DfQlJGUJ !ilu

GUIT§jJ ,flj&v~s,iil61rr.

~55'rflUJUULffi,flj8;a; (ljJ61DfDu5l6v fijl(Jjlfj:JuQUrDfiT rff!a;li'tiJ/b

!iltiJtlJ WIT !J)J/biill ,flj;bQ"'Ul<iVrrw,fljriv6V. .. Q@J6rfJuLffD" JffirTU

uPJ,fljffifj:J@iill WL@W 6]" ;bULL roGil'riirr6lJiill6V. @tlJ;D@j (IjJ/!JjJUJ

8irr6VUU@jjl. tlJ&v(IjJ61DJD tlJ&u(ljJ61DfDUJITtil, UriiIJ ~ ;D~0J

8i 6fT IT til • ~ [J 8'JUJiill t.5![J j: 8'J&w 8i6lfl 66J®;iJ§jJ ~§)! r5J iii {i1riM !J)J

fQlJ~/b, ~cr'iilUJiv UJ[JJe~8i(J6fT @WrDfiTQ,fljw!J)J _g)J;9!lLJrrwaGill

@®/!J§)! w;iJ,flj S]rDfiTuu@jjla;&irr ~tiJfb (!jJ!OJlfDu5JG6lJ IIL~8;&iI IILaTUUJ 65!LL§jJ. ~a;(]w .. r;;riill6I.JIT WfijJUY8;<El'riirrllpL jJ(l!JWU

wfiJluoL~w", ~I.Jj.UU61DLU t.5![JJe~8i&irru ,L{fijlfblTtilu

uu5Iiill@JgJJw. tlJ~§jJfQlJffifijJriv ~UJ-UUmL8; aD.!J)Is;6lfliill ~[Jfj)UJiill ~ rfI Je aT6lJ UJ-u5!6v Lf fijJUJ ~S,8i1ii6J jD <EIT L(El6lJ §jJ W @lu£D61Da;UJIT $61f W

fbroGirT8;8i (ljJl.Jj.lLlfTfb @1Grfl$u5I~w GLDG6VITr5J&ilrDfiT. GrjljC~;B ~8;

8ij}fj:J~(!!J;iJ§jJ j1LQ_Q[JW!J)J riiT@uUJr;; .. ~LuuL_0J Wl8irDlfw (ljJ8; filUJwfT<>M cSlcr Mi'r&M Mrr et jlrTG J]JIT 8;8i GfQlJ~ UJ-Ul,flj1T &ilroGi LL

G8iITI.Jj.8; 8i<i®r ,5,8iITfiiM W8;8iW ~j1a; 8iIT6V ffi§)!8;@j @WWLLjhfjjliill @(!!JIB§)! Q8iITcOWl.Jj.(!!J8;8i (ljJI.Jj.UJIT §)!. @,GrflLG6lJ&irr ~tilrDlf QU@LDg).!IW,

~[JWU ~l.Jj.tffi&vu cSI!l5~a;~8;@jffi j1(!!JWUlTwg).!Iw,

@3mrUJ;DjD QUIT(!!Jw 6'lJIifTW Q",)15IPJfb ul.Jj.uU,&M8il'riirr

" gg[J 6m/8;a; " IIL /b6lffQlJ f1jJ W • ~ cSlL (ljJUJ-UJ IT ,flj ~1ifT6lf ~j18i

65!rfI@JITrDfiT S]rDfiT ffifjjlrrw (ljJwri1!fI~w WI®$/b IIL!J)IfjjlGUJIT(JjIw,

IILrOm" rtGfQlJ IT (Elw , {i1 Be 8' UJ jiJ (j /hIT(JjIw , roGi LIT (ljJUJ ;D 'iilGUJ fT(£iw (!jJW

(JrDU !J)I6'lJ61D /b Ii "'IT ffi $I UJ WIT ,5, ®6lJ §)! WfT 61rr L{ fjjl UJ uu5I,£iJfiI QU@LD~W ~6l.JrTa;6fTfTt5v GW,£iJGl",iill6V (YJUJ-UJGJ1Iiill&v.

J9 IT LI.!/-W 6lJ tt Ii' 8; m a;u5Iw 8' a;6V ~ 61D JDa;Gtfi ~ w IIL L61rrUJ-5

fJrT j1(!!J,{b/br5J$W Q8'uJ§)! (ljJUJ-UU§)!,fljfTW (yJ,flj6VfT6l.J§jJ <EIT6lJU

u®fijJu5!w {ffia;tj)#8'J Jffi!Jiii6l~ !ilL/l] Qu;D)15I(IIj~,flj§)!. Glu;DJD

~@JU6l.Jffi{ill/b ~WrTfilffi§)! ~ITtil6lJ§)!, {i,)riM~w ~fil8i

".,1IrfI@JITW S]6I$TUU@jfjjl$W ~$,flj ~W1U6lJj}m/b gg!lG1f5fiuu~, Gr8'ITt5v6'llU GUIT@iill _g)J;Bfb ~W1U6l.JW ~UJ-W~~8;®@r riiT6I$T6VITW, ~fbIT@1§)! Uiill(i@1!J)J 6lJrT,5,8ir5Ja;&,r1i C88'rT;iJ,flj cSI;bULL _g)JG1f5fi<E~8;®W , ~(£i(llj~ Je Q8'iill6lJ §jJ - [j)61D6lJ /bfTW !ilcr~ LfT 6lJf1jJ 8iIT6Vuu®fjjlu51w Jffi<Etj)JeIii tffi!l~iv !ilLW Gru,£iJpSI(!Ijffi,flj61rr· a;fTrr<i®rW, 8'rR,{bfjjl!l 6lJlifTrT#8'Ju5IriM @UJ8;~UJiill ~UUl1/- ~GrflWPJ @®$,flj§)!.

WfT rT 8; G'lILlW 1[Lu5!!J ;D jD 6lJ JDL(JjIIi «!5ffi fj:J[J W _g)Jiill6V ; @!J)Ifjjl (YJUJ- 6'lJ fT 8;$ uu L(¥i£J LL , (ljJW 8nLI.Jj. C8 ill jb ill tt tr Q 8' uJ ff)J Grfl6lJ 8; <EUUL(El@ILL, WIT ,£iJfDj}ff)J8;@j @L1J5)iill6VfT §)! @!J)J$;~LL GUIT jljOm ~iv6V ~ f1jJ • Q", tu ~8;<EfTW IILu5!(l!JWIifT 6lJ icP8iIT LUJ~§)!; 5'C!f'/b'TUJ @1IT}jl8;!OJl8i Jffi&vGrflW8i6rfJriv ~1i8'rf)UJUUL,{bffi8;$ ~IifTGJ1I~ @@j1uQuw rffi<E}jl;iJjb WfT !J)J/biilla;&irr @,8;a;fT!JG®rj}/blTiv ;ffi#8'UlWITuJ WITrT 8;8'JUJW cSlrr fjjluG51j}f1jJ8; 8iITLLG@1 Q8'Ii.Ju.jW. ~ffi/b filmjb".,1l~w. ~;D!J)IGrflLDu5I~61DWu5I~w, U6lJ GlIma;UULL ~5'6VfTL...L®a;Gtfi~w, 8i-(!!jr5Ja;;T Q8'IT~~6v LDfTrT8;fillLljiJ§)!8;® fL&tJ-amGlil rtP(!Ij Wla;ffi $roGirrWfTW GljB(llj8;a;~~w @;BtlJ LDfT !J)I/biv t..51[J fiJluG-.5Iffiff)J8; 8iITLLUULLff)J. @Jb,flj.:F filmjbGrfl@1 riiTjlrT ffi§jJ eYJrT ffi/b~G1f5fiUJwITa;u (iUITrrfTL C8@1~1.Jj.1Ll GjbGrfl6l.J, WfTrT 8;fillLl,{b j1riM .9-1 '4uuffl~rr8> e!jlrT ffi §j~G1f5fiUJ UJfTW , roGiLITuOIl1/-IlJITW (JUIT!lfTLLj;Grfl,flj jBL,{b/b (j@1cOWI.Jj.Ul G,flj61D@1, LD!J)IUI.Jj.UiW Jffia;}jl5fi1 ;ffi!l ~8;@j 6l.J;B,flj~. @,flj,£iJ@j (ljJPJfjjlUJ a;IT6lJUU@j@u5l6v @1rt8;8ir5Ja;~W Wl8i6lfw ~rfl6lJfTW U@j@CJtLlfTrT jbLD§)! @jp5i8;C8<EfTma;&irr 6lJ®~~8; Qa;fTw6l.Jjliill LDITrT8;8'JUJ~

10

11

mjbjb jbr.ill!rT,i;~ r.ill!1iV8>Si (!fJlSj-llJfTLIJ,rD GUfTSiG611, @;iJjbU GUfT jbOmmUJ ~611rf 8iW ~rorrrDlj W pSI 'F;(iljjh&uUUL8' LIJfT 8ir5l{W fi}rfI;!i3~s, @j&uS,8iUUL_L UfT!OWIu5)~w ~rJ-fjiJ;!i3~s, GlSifT6fuL6MrT.

@@L@U UfTLLIJiTfi.J# ~,rD~1iV "(J8ifTr$l'jtr5JSiOorrI1.JW" (JUrTrTjb

jh;iJfi}ITU t.5/[T.:Fffi1rr8iI@j8>SifTGOr 8'ljJ&R6lJ 6GImLa;OorrI1.JW -@;iJjb

r.ill!~LSiI@j8>a;fT~ LIJfTrTs,mUJ ~lSf-r5I&v8> 8n..1J)J8iOOU· 4rf1!t~

G\'6ITliinrrITI1lGru - Glj1jL....~® GUfTL....~ mGlJjlJfj)C!J$jb6MrT. <'T(!fJ

jhfTllJ 611fTr)r.ill!w urivG611!J)J ~~;na;<>tf!~w "riiTloV6lJfTU U!CWy

LDjilUY8iOorrI4W LD!J)JulSj-l4w LDfiJUU@ GJ<'TuJllJ" (tfljrT/!Jjb6lJ)jbjb GljhfTLrT/!J2», LDfTrTS,mUJtli@w u9a;r5l{w Si®$@UJ6lJfT6M, GJUfT2»U

UiiI5lLUJfTCiriT jb;!i3~611r.ill!UJriv ~IlJ-UUriii5JLSiW .• @®!iijbUUL(i}I

r.a~W" 'F;@ ;ffi&uriii5JLD GJjJULL~.· U6iJG6lJ!J)JULL.. &®!ii.f!jJ

(!fJ j!J6iJ GJjfT jIj # 8' tt IlJ@SiWi !iJ21LDfT ~ UJ (!fJ jIj IiVfT Wi ffi~GJj ffi jb ffi

~@!sGlIlJ6llIw Q<'T@rDlJ,T8>@j UJfTrT 8>8'lUJ6lJfTfij!a;<>tf/Gi?lJL_GUJ GJa;,TwOorr Gj1jfTuJ (tumavu U[Tr.ill!UJ LIJfTfilUJ8;" SiC!Jj}gp8;a;6lfIiffi 6lJfTu5) Gl'ifTuJ GJ@!<>tf/UJfTuSi;DlJ)J. ym$.f!jJ GlSifTWWUULfTLIJ~W €i'!$@jb.f!jJ ~1T~8;SiUUL_fTUJ~W GlUfTL....L Glj1jL(i}I(ilj Gl8'uJUJUUL....L_

"G&rTSltnila;w" jil®uSijlJ W(!!JUt.5/8; 8n.;nUULLjbrTliiN.f!jJ

GJ@!,JiJ!J)Jti Gl8' mivliV(El8;@&OO Gl@J@j6lJ tt uJu Y !p8;Si ffi ~ 8;@)

611 IT .:F Q <'T til /IJ ~ . ~ /IJW j1jIiWlL(!fJriii5J JD 6GI00rr6lJ 6T W 6MGlrDlJliWfI6iJ ,

Ufil{Ji~jSiLDfT6M ~6iJGiIJ~ LIJIiWl.!J)C!fJa;LDfTCiriT ' '~j}Q<'TfTr;;{J<'TW"4 ~6iJCiiI)~ UJfTrTS,8'lUJjbjilw ",n:__LJd,rT611 ~®G6lJ" ~diQ8'mm8'w

IiiTWU/IJrTuJ8> Gla;rrW6lJgp GUrTW;n (lp,JiJpSI~w LDfTrT8;€i'!UJ

GJ9G[T,Tjb, @jLlSj- (!fJjljliVfT<>tf/di~rDlJU (tUfTlif!!jSiW LIJ6'6J/!J~

Glflj®s,a;lSj-u5)w ~!iiriii5J/IJU u;D,ll5II1.JW, @;iJ/IJ8> a;rT""'uu®jiluSiriv &6lJr5l{W 'F;L(JjlGlLIJfT ffijbLDfT6M <'T(fjJjbrTllJ-GlUrT®rorrfT /IJfT[T &&u<ii6lLIJ8;

@)W ~;iJjb Glj1j@8>a;lSj-lif!!jw ~riii5JLGUJI1.JWrorr 5wu$f!jj,m/IJu

u,rb;DII4W j1jfTW GwGGiIJ ®pSluOILL@!;Dm;n,i; Glf!j<>tf/rDlju(£Ijb/IJ

[i);ii/IJ @!fT/IJnila;oo8> @j;DIut.5/LLfTG6V (turr gpW. [i)$/IJ Q f1J®8> Si lSj- et (glU Y W L.5i IT # €i'i&-rrr a;2;;rr §' gp Mil jb ffi w<>tf/roUI L (yJlSj- UJ tt .f!jJ . 6lJJTuJti5rDlJLfTIitJ ~lSj-j}.f!jJ ~6lJ;Dm/D ~a;;DpSlrDl1iL.. f1JLlifiJ;n

(lp1lJ,dJ8'I&W GUfTiv g,itfilm!P8>@jWUlSj-UJfT6M, GSirrL....UfTL;D;n

Gl8' uJrnSi G@!!J)J sr gpGlj LD [i)@lia; (!fJlSj-1LJ rr gp . Gl f1J@8>Sil1j..lillw

'~Mfjbrnf!jl1.Jw ~riii5Jffi 'iiT@rTdi~u GUrT[f'TL~GlJGlfulSj-ILJj5w

~6lJ€i'!UJjbriii5Jj5l4w ~=rrT $@(!!J8;@jW (jToiJIillIT LIJrrrT 8>€i'!llJrDllrT ji}

a;OorrU-{w LDfTrT limUJj,fiIm- ffijb~GlJ ~lSj-uu<ii6lLa;&rrlLfw ~/IJrT[f @!Gi'JJ[fUJ!J)Juya;oolLfw urr 2»a;rruu /IJ ;DSifT a; ~!OWI @[fL(£iGlJrn/IJ8> a;fTLlSf-2i1w (lp8>fiIUJwrrliiN 2» sr ~Gljw @@8>Si (lpI.SJ-UJfT ~; GJGl6MIiiMlIitJ WrTrT8>8'lUJj,fij)rn- UGilJ611<ii6la;UULL "5Si L.5i[fllJrT!OWI"

a;<>tf/6(j) L G ILJ (yJ j5Cii1)fT <>tf/ di ~ @!ti Gl <'Trio@! tt 8>@j U[fr.ill! ILfw etr /IJ rt rio

'iiTfilGlITfj)[TrTliiN j1riii5J<'Ta;~yfki6)@$~ @<ii6lGlJ fijI·,f}jbfilu y[JL....LI~

u(£ifilw JDCiriT .

6l1)rfl6lJrTCiriT gf?6Muuf!!jwa;&rti <'T(!JffirTUJ 6lJrTr)8>mSiuJIIitJ lL=rrT6lJ Jd,rT611wrTa;u unilGlSi(£i,di2»1i GlSifTWI@jWUI.SJ- C!fJ/IJliVfT6lJ~ tyJw @!CW(£i8; SirHilJuu@jfil rD>.51iJ!uy;n.:F Gl8'uJ j5~. ~6lJrf a;<>tf/rio iseotr

@uGlUrT (gl ~ /IJ tr rn- C!fJ ffirio j5L_<ii6lGlJ UJ tt a; lL GIfu m WUJ tt 6M

(lp<ii6l /Du5)~1iV WrT rf li8'l1lJ jb m j5,di Gl /IJm Ji> ~Q a; tt WW ~[f wt.5/ jJ

fiI(!!jIi~@rfa;w. [,ffi)~ 8'WU;iJj!JLIJrTSi C!fJ/IJ6VfT<>tf/j,~6lJU ujb

filrf1m8iSiGYr IiiTGM~/DlLfwsEL ~jilSiUJfT a;u Glurr unu tr 6M a;®,di

~8;a;00rr ti S':(!!J6itlSf-,4J~w, uSia; roUIm6lJfT a;u U[fut.5/U-{w GlJ@filw JDCiriT. ~;iitb :ff!&t!mwSi6Yf1G6IJ LIJfTrfli8'lUJ6lJfT ji}a;<>tf!w ~!DWJSi6lflC31iiG liiJ,dJu(£iw ~mj56lj u9a;rDlfw ~uj,/IJrr6M~. /IJ;D<'TL£UJW [j]$/IJ'*

fiJm /IJGlj j5sB1rT 8>a; C!fJI.SJ-UJfT jljtfjI 'iiTGMujh,rb@jmllJ a;rT!t=ri!iJa;oou

Ljrflj)2» GlSirTWrDll~W, @$ffi'* 8'lrn/IJm@!reTjilrTjJ~ (!J[f

!DWJwp51u GUrT[TfT@611jb;Da;,Ta; ~d8i&rjb fiI[fLlSj- ~!J)JC35iTu u~w, WfTrT lifiJllJ6lJrT j1a;~LUJ @$fljrT&r1lJ SiLGi?lJWUJfT@jW[j]ti>GljljfTLrflW u5)a;r5ljw GJ5[flSj-UJfT6M, ~litJG£lUJW'T6M GlufTC0<>tf!rio

@$J5fT&rUJ SiL_mWllJfT@w.

[,ffi)rn-Q@9@ y/D;!i3fi;11itJ, G6U~ H~ii1mSiuJIw LDCiriTUUfTW<ii6lW, QSi rr wm Si IJjJ JD /IJ.f!jJ 'fjXJ) W W 6M ULJiT wm L1J C!fJ /IJ GJ) fT<>tf! jb ~ rDlJ 6lJrT 8>Si,di/IJfTrflwsGlrfl'iillfTCiriT u@fijla;&r ~LGla;rT~@ s61L___L_~L_w ;ffilitJ6V tt wIitJ , LDfT rT s,8=l1lJ jb ffi jb ~6lJ jbm j5 U-{ W 15m L(IjJ<ii6l ;nmUJ"-! W "Iffif!jrT6M(!jJW ~.itf!!jw" 6lJiJ! rDlJ[fWySi<e!J8;@JriiiT ~L8>~ mrDlJliSi (!fJUJ ,JiJiiI,#il ;n (JUT 8;@j8>@jWI@jW y® /IJ1JjJrD>.51 L....L_ §)J • a;m L_8'l1lJ tt a; usrtii' 8;8'1 UJ,di jilrio u5l@/.iI6MGl ffi@liVfT W .. ulSj- 6lJ rflGi?lJ5 (!j!Gi?lJ ;n " (hierarchy), " ~&umwu urr;jJ@[fw" (hegemony) C!fJ /IJ6IJJTIiiN

rDlJ;Dm /Du u;jJ,!J5IUJ, u5I jIj611'T /IJj}fiIrio C!fJ,rb,a5l!iJ21w = ;DIU~UTIiiN

rDlJ tt /IJ,it a;~6iJ lL uG ILJ rr fil UU ffi ;DG8'> ;D jD GlrDlJ 1!)Iw Gl5 tt ;DSiGw .

@;iJ/IJ 'iiTrioGJ),T 611fT /IJnila;&rlLfw u,rbpSlu urfl~Oil5Iuu~ [,ffi)8>SiL

(£161J)[Tu5IGM G J!>fT 8;Si LIJ6vCiil) . WfT ti Ii fiJUJ W ~W1 uGJ9 jb ~ 6lJ (!!Jw

iWl]liUmlUf, @fb/p 2 ,

191 0 ~8'WUrT 23

'5!uuw: .m1. @rolu51m

J!)f'ril jjIITL(iJ, Cilfb'T(§W 20, uMir!iJa;.rr 84-89

12

su [Jrurrrb.rIi1ru

ffirrri5iJ wrrrr.!liiill.l 1b~~ru ~~~ m%l4d.uuLL ru@rfuC6rrruw

lJj-®fj},§j G,Hr6l'jt'iilll8' 1OlJl4-lOlJriH8i6Tr iSI[J ,§jfTWWfTUJ f1Jw/ffi f1JG[JfT $J<!F ~~,§j5 fj!~jbiQ6)ru." @J[J6lJfT;D!lJl @IWi;8i~$Jw GiUrT®6Tr (!JJjbrivrurT jb .!!JI1.SJ-~jb'ifT ~iQ6)jlJu L-/ftlj;/ffi Gl8irT6Yr'ifTrT~W, (!fJjbliilJrT ~ ffi /ffi@J8: 17(YJ jbfT UJ ~ f5;riv ~ Gl6lJ tt (IIj @JrTei;8i ffi ~ ei;@j(!jJ6Yrffi UfT ;h $J[J ffi ~ jlJ fL/ tb (!jJ ei;m UJ ffi ~@J ffi~ jb ILl tb jbWl ffi /ffi U L5I rf) $@jtb jl jDWI W iQ6) W , 85w f1J tt UJ 8i 8: fl rT fii(llj ffi jbriH8iriitflw (!jJ,§j su tt riitfl;h ~@J ;h

• " • ." " "" c;) .. , •• lLrfI~W " a-...i:. c;)UJrT $I

jbW~W~UJ lD8i8irorr, }.9[?J' Ift,/,=[?J' p

@jpSiffi,§j UGva<Ollf!)lULL, .!!JIfOOl[J -a8'fT6I'jtro6l8';h GijbrTLrT 8i&r $

Gl8irTGffl(Bi fYJlJj-w~jD;hjbGv (!jJjb6I.JrTW U6I.J@J;Dp51~w @fOOlru

flJ ill ~ flJa [J rr $18' ffifOOl ,§j fj!;h jb'iWl@J .

wfTrT$&'lUJffi/ffi$@j C!:P.r!lULL a8'rT6I'jtro6l8' ffi$Jw @j;jlJ$ 8ijlJw

U;hfijI[JffifTW ~LtbU[J @JrTUJ"s8:<F< 1OlJLiJ-<OlIriiJ8i6Yr UJrTlOlJ;D!lJl$@jW

1848w ~~@u LJ[JL&'I LD[T6m .!!JIL4- Gl8ifT(Biffijb/ffi· IOTGvliilJ.rT

jljfT@8ir,;yf}~w @ULJiTL&'l 8'(!jJjlJfTUJ;hfijIw uriva@Jf!)I IOlJrT$,ff,riiJ

8i&rrlLfw G1I.fUJro1~ GIOlJr,;yf}UULSc Q8'UJ/ffi LJlilluu(Bi;hf5;$ 8ifTL L4-;Df!)I. @jLiJ-llJ[T<F<6lJfT,§j (!jJ jlJ6I.Jrnirf'l 1i>/ffi6lJ <OlIrT $8itb umf)8'lriv 1 848 m®w ffifTL8ir,;yf}riv Q,§jfT~6lJrT'ifTrTa;&r8: $L~@~Ii>fj;IllJjbrTW/ffi, UrTLLrTriitfl euti ei;8iW wL@w;'!}fTffi @UJ;Dcfjlj),ff,lLJfT8ia@J G8'fT6I'jt ro6I8' ffi jbw 'iWlUJ llJ f!jJ IOTW U~ jb (!jJL4-6lJ tt tis U LJIill uu(JJi;h fj;I$ 8ifT L L4-,dJ!lJl. uS! ,§j GlJ tt jlJ (!jJ jlJ Iill rr GYfI Ii> f!jJ1OlJ IOlJ rT $8i ffi $JriWT tr lOT j; jlJ 6lJcfjlj)8i UJfT esr iSI ;iJaUfT 8;~8ilLjW~L UfTLLfT6TfI GlJrT 8;8i Ii> $Jw a;GUJSc~8'~lLJ8; 8i66rJr(JJijlJfTW jgT {f)J WLriiJ@j 8"n.(BijlJliil!fTrU .!!JIr§&'l jlj@rliJ&ilWrT .

C)8irT cfjlj) /Jl 8iffi tt UJ '<~WW lJj-u Olm /Jl8;@jW uS! jlJ6lJ tt $J8iGTr iSI ;D

(]UrT8;$);D@j .!!JIUJ-udj;~ jlJ~LuS!L._LWrT. rulOlJ!rrTu5I LD$8i6Yr Ol[TLJIi>/ffi@JffifijIw WjlJuS!Sc<!FriiJ8i6Yr fj!ifJl8;8iUULL/ffiLW fiJ(l!JufiJ

llJ'iWlLj;§jJ ~riH&iil6'or ~jlJ[TGlJrrrorrrT 8iGrorrfT(JJi G8'rT j;~ G8ifTGffl

LWrT, IOTUGiUfTC!:f!jbfTlOlJ~ .!!JIrfljbrTtUffijbrTW Q;'!)fTy)1'\lfTffir'r

~~rrwlL~!bI~w c!:P;'!)OllfTliJi1~~61J uS1;'!)l)lJrr;'!)~~~w @~LaUJ ~8'~iIJrTl4-6l5rrT . GlJrT 8;8i U:~li\lrr;'!) a!r!T~r06I!rw, IOlJrT$a; w~li\lrr1li .!!JI[T fil llJ;ill @fOOl@J @j;Dlffijb lOT Gvlill rr ffi jb ffi ~GlJ rKJ8i~tb .!!JIU U L LLDfTfiirr JJ{u ffi jbGw IOTWU ~ !t1@uG)ffi"LDfTu5I;iJ!f)l.

(!fJjb<Oi)rT~ffi~GlJ WfT ;DjDffiJ8i~8;@jrflUJ ~j;jb @JrorrrTff&'lmlLJU

UfTrfI,;iv 8itbfH,w (18 71) !t1~JD61jJD8: G!rUJjbf!jJ; rurT8;8i lLjD61j8i6Yr .!!JI6lJ;iJpSirir uS!8iU GiU(lljWWGlj8;@j ~GljwfOOlJDru;DJD lL(lljliiBi;ill

8ifTLfil jlJ(!!jw JJ{[T&'IUJliilJmwuLJ ruL4-6lJwrrw @jL4-UJ[T& lL!f)J$J

QUJD UfTLLrTr,;yf} <OlIrT8;8iIi>$JW r£[T$[TW wL(Biaw jbfTW

8ifT[JG1Ww.

a<ffT~r06I<fff <f(!jJjbfTllJffifijIw &'1,dJOIllJrTUJu UfTLLrT<iYfI IOlJrT8;8iW ~;iJ{f)Jw @J[TIill.rT;D{f)Ju u~mllJ wmtei;~ jb;hf!jJ6lJW Gljb~

u@ffi§jJ&iljDf!jJ . {;j)§Ja6l1 @~ jlJ Ii> ~6lJ ,§J $Jw (!JJ,§j rn 'iWlWlLJrT 6l5r

filJDuLJ· w'n-rTei;6fu @j;jbffi jbffi§jJ6l1ffi'iWljb ~rflffi~'iWI[T~jfJ

iSlw lL6lJG8iriiJa;~w JD'iWlLGU;!J!lJl6Yrrorr rtJ8i~Mil8iriitfl6'M aumi;@ {;j) Ii> jb jh f!jJw ffim jb Gl wuJu L5! ffi $J(llj8;&il JD jbrT?

1844;ill W,rTrT8;Giv @'iWljfJ (!fJjfJw(!jJjfJGv 6T@Ii>§jJ~[TffijbrTrT.

1 84 8riv Qrur;;rf)l11rT6l5r LDrTrT $W, iiTriHQa;rivG'lw ILw\!J,mlooffiii; IliL91 ~~Ii;rna; @j;jb~ 1fi1i>/ffi<Olljhmjb (!jJC!:f!'iWlLDlLJrTa;61jw (!jJ 'iWI jD UJrT a;6lj W ~rfI ffif!jJ<i1Il [T ffi 1fif!jJ . {;j)f!jJ jljrT sir <OlIm iT @f!jJGw jlJ&v&'1ftJj},§j IiiBirflO»fm[TlLJrTtU @(l!Jj}/ffi @J®&iljDf!jJ. .!!JIjfJwiSlw

.!:L 6lJ a; IiiIJ [T Iill rr !f)J fi:PW !lJl OI[T jfJrTfDM 8im51J8;8"n. !lJl8iW rT tiJ ffi Gl ~

@JrTuJu L5!rflei;,ff,UUL/.Jj-(lljei;g,jDf!jJ." 1) 1848w ~~(Biu LJ[TL

G'lu5I.£i(lljj}f!jJ UrTrflGiv a;wJH,6M ( 1871) iil1'iW1[T; 2) urTrflrDiv

8iwfH,W1ro61®j}~ C!!JoitlLJU Y[TLG'I (1905) iil1~[T ; 3) ®!5i:tllJU LJ[JLri'J8;@jU 0I6'M.

@j;jfJei; 8irT6lJ8;8"n.{f)J8i6Yr ~Giil1rTW ,a5l~w WfTrT 8;fil6'M jbffi

f!jJ@J ffif!jJei;@j ~ fijIei;8iUULL et fiJrT a;rTIillW iiTrnwQGlJrnUm jbei;

8ifT~aUrTw.

(!jJ jfJ6lJrT GlJ /ffi 8irT@8;a;,_pS1W :[ij/GlJ ei;8i Ii> fiJriv WfT tr ei;mw Ifi ,§Jf!jJIOlJ W er W IOlJ'iWI 8iu51,f).'l i.b G8irTa6lJfT ff & W Jff!&Vlf)riv {;j)(!!Jei;a;~riv&v . a<frT6I'jtr06l<fffi$Jw 6T~~jDj;jlJ @j<!:fJ8;8i6Yr .!!JIGv@f§J GUfTei;@j8i6YfiiIJ ~@8iariilJ ri)(!!Jj;;!b~. lL~mwu5Iriv G8ifTa6lJfT 8:ri'J8; Gl8ifT~

15

14

'!J&MUJ lIT6lJGlJIT lEGiTITUU!UJ (BIT@8;tDYfIi))JW Gw~w fil8;

Bi6VITW. $lm!D®mjDUJlTw <Dl.i6fTrT80Y'l bj)G~ sBi&r6lj8;@J @L(£J80 QifGiFir JDgu - (yl$fjGIJrrW1 ditfj/<Dl.i80 if(!jJ~ITUJW WLLiillLLWITW 9l...(i1jU GlU;D~LLgu. (!jJ{jGIJrrrougu 8;fTGlJ8;an.,r6)m- (1848-71) 8;mLu u@jWu5IGtl, LjUJGtlBi(§W LJ[fL8'JBi~WfTu5I(IIj;j}jb @u

u@jfj)u5Irio • WIT ti 8;fiI UJ ffi gu 8;@j (!jJ }) U L~L Gif IT rDYj>66IrF WITW gu

@!!1rt~UL_L~. 8i-GUJeF~rFUJITW UfTLUHiTi1 6lIr'r1M.ffi BiLfR8;riiiT

IlLWffiGljb(gl$$fjGJrJr: c!p$fjGIJrTiill/~J ~§i)WLD (1 B64~7 2), w;Dfl)Jw Gl!'J?rT wGiFir ifr.:!fJSi - !'!?W (BIT UJCh8; SiLfil.

fiiIJ,cbjD@jrflUJ @;B$fj8; ChITGlJ8;an.!J)J. bj);B~u GurrrTSiW ~ChsBiLU u@fo&J8> @,r6)uuffirrJiJ ~rourTChW IiffiItLllT8;§i)UJfTGJrJrW GlscuJ~~,cT. an.m ~LlJ-mw cYJmJD~UJ r;;rfj)rTffiguu GUIT[TrT(£Jrou,cb;D® ~Ilj-~LD ~GiFir $I'&vmwChtDYflGtl IiJ ;DuLL GLDWUIT(£J, @;Bffi ~LlJ-~WChW

8T~;Bfj)[f j>gu8>ChrTGJrJr ffiLDgu I!LrfI~wmtLI ~jDU8; $,"'- 8i8;SiIT Ch

@IjDfD~/b8; @j,r6)di~j1jlTuJ ~fiilJrTChW GlChIT<,>5MLWrT. G$'T~!jJdi

j1j~WITIiJ ~rourTSiW "SCr_ljJSi ~~wfj)" (~$fjlTfiilJgu ~LlJ-mw ILf~LmWtLI'T6fTrT8i(§!!jL!iiM ~mLDfj)), rillrT8;ChU GUfT[fITLLdi~ffi8;

~a;@I,@~r;iu cYJ~GlJITWGlJ;D~JD llLuGj1j€i1ffij1jGJrJrrT. UIT!JH~Wrir

fDjfj)'iiiJ GrFrT~,,"'1rF llLfl)JuUlwrT 8iGtfl~Lu5)~w, GI~rTiJi!61JlTtDYfI

GlJrT8;$ @tLl8;8i;}jjlroilr U6vGGlJfl)J ~fj)8ilTrfl8iGilfl~Lu5I~w,

, '~W}~lTuriH COlSirTliiffiL" ~;J516lJditfj/~fDu5IlQOTrfI~Lu5I,gww

&liilJrT8iw' u5!a;u U6V ~j1j[JfiilJlT6fTrT 8i?IOfT'U Glu jDp51(!!J;BfolQOTrT .

2

Ij)[JliiffiLIT6lJ§)l ChITGlJ8;an.fl)J (l 872- 1904) gulDlJ8;$;}jfiiro6l(llj!iJG,cb

&I,cbGiFir ' 'ifLDIT ,cbITGOr ffi" ,ffJroiJr~LDUJIT6v. L..f[JL€ila;w @6lJ6VITjlj

rffi&vtLIlTGtl GiilJfl)JU(£J;jjj'!8; 8iITLLU COlujDJDgu. GLD;D@jGlJ@j

(!jJ,cbGIJITr;;yf),{b~rilJU LjiTL€i1ChCw iJjL,d>W (!jJllj-jtlJl@lLLgu. §i)!jJ8; ®rW@j @!iiM~w ~iilJjDfl)J8;@jmUJ tDLLjtlJl8;@j I!LUJrTdJ~'TCh@lr;iu&J.

iilJ[JGJ1i(!!J;j}$fj tDrr;Dj!JriHCh@J8;ChIT8iff "ifWfT,ffJITGJrJr lDIJy5luSi6v"

,cbUJfTmuLj$w Glsci..J~ COlChITW~W ChLL;jjjlWJW GwjD@j6IJ@j ~LlJ-GltLI@;}jgu miilJ;}j$fjgu. ."g)/LlJ-uu~Lu5IGtl UITLLrTGtfI euti 8>$;}j /bGirr~wUJfolTlQOT Gifrrfil4'mif8> SiL&'I$W rrrriH@jw ."g)/~W8;$U

ULLIQOT. @~fiiIJ cYJ,cbGlJfTWl;jj!fjJiilJU UfT[JIT~LDW!D cYJ~JD<ii6lUJ

I!LwUJfTfilffi!fjJ8;'Sil$ITrDYr6fTriljw ~LDffil G51T,rJJfo .f1jITG6fT(£J8i&r, jljLDgu 8;Gtl@l GUIT,cb&-oT $1&VUJriHChCw, ,cbLDgu Qj1jTy5ljD rFr51Ch,r5J 8i&r, ,ffJLD!fjJ an.L(£JJDrilj8; Si!jJChr51BiOm ;ffi!J)JGJ1i8; GChITW6fT6ljW ChjDfl)J8; QChfT~UilJr. LDITrT8;~W ~j~iilJW' (yl(glrffi~j!J QGlJjD,r6)

QujDfl)Ju UlJru;:!J Q;!)fTLriili:riJ@· UfTLLrrGTfl eutt 8; 8i;}j

$lWJ~LtLI if8;fi/ChtDYflW G~,rTiilJlTuJGlJw ~GW1Jf)WiTLL,gwW,

rilliTru(i1j;B~ GurriT,rTLLriHa;(§8;ChrTGJrJr ~forir ,cbUJlTrfluLJw,

Q LD gu rou tt Bi j,cbfT GiFir et m- (!!? ,gw W , Ij)~LUJC!!? ~ cYJ rirGIQOT ;J51GJrJr .

WIT rT 8; €i'JUJ ,eii fi/Girr ,cb;b gu 6lJ IT fT ,ffJ fo Grou ;D,r6) tLI rTiu $lrt U u !B jl8;

8iUULL ~,cbGirr Uma;iilJrT8;W, LDlTrT8;€ilUJGjl.lrTfi/Ch6fTrrJiJ;}j ;!)U1~ Gru.,..,u5IL_@iL ~rrm-rLmr'r - eutreotr ;D;D1roilr Ij)UJ8;a;r;ffiIUJiu GUrT8;@j &I;jj,cbma.UJ/brTJiJ @(IIj;B/bgu. IlLriiiT(§!!j8;@j<iiTr 1!L~;}j!fjJu GumiJliffiILL uS) $fj6lJ IT /bWrTlQOT gu GrFlT~G6I rF <frt~r'ruuru n ~:$j;1ru Q1LlJ-sBi6v ~1QOT8;®U LJffi!fjJu5IrT ."g)/r;;yf);jjgu8; Q8ilTm6fT (!jJUJw JDgu. WrTQu(lljw GUrT rT 8;~8;8i IT 8;eF rF 8; fiJa;&rr ~UJ j> ~LDIT 8;fil8; Q 8;ITW

3

~~6iJ rF;B~rTUUiilJlTjl8;riiiT "5ry:.8; ."g)/~LD@" @};J51ffijJ)lw

"!'!?GJrJriJjrTUJSij@6v" Lj1LJ6'v &l6lJ8'IlLJW;D!D$fj,T€ilGJ1iLL_!fjJ @j;J51;b§)lu

rou IT !P;b §)l ~[J ffi gu j ,ffJw~ LD j fo ,TOW Gu tt ;D p518; GlSi IT Iiiffi L

tDfl)Ja;=Gw, WITQu(lljw llLoOV8;U LjILJ6vCh(§!!j8;SiITW &(IIj Ljffi'UJ ~~rT[Jw ~€ilUJrTGJ1iG6V I!L fiJ diG! ~(!:f' ;BjJjtfjJ . (lljr;;q,tLlU LJ[JL~<ii(j)1LJ di COl !bIT LrT $ §)l !fjJ(I!)8; €iluSi jW W UIT iT flSi ffi fi1 jW W fI (f9o-£l ~ LD LJ[T L?I

8i~ t:!JlrdorUiIJr. 6 LJUJ6v8i(§!!j8;@jW gjJ[TITUUITGJ1i6lJ -!){5lJjD;J51rir

"r;;rjlQ[JIT66ISiI€'!J8;@jW" IlLmUJ §1(11j sc8iITUj1jdi$l6v /bITW @u QUIT(!:f':{!)J jIJlTW roulT!P!B!fjJ @C!!J€i1GC'!1LD. WrTQuC!!Jw fI~8; ®LlJ-UJ[J8i-8;@- ~ 'jIJrrSirfl8;LD~L~ffi" u6iJrJiilJ!J)J Si(l:f~,cbuLf66l8il€'!Jw @iiiM!J)J U ;DSi&rr jIJJDjIJf!JQrou'iiisr [[)J 8iLlJ-ffitlJl8; Q8irTrdor(£J @8;@jLlJ-UJ[J~rF lIT jI rT di:{!)J8; €il5tT wLj €iliiiM jDlQOT - IiJ ;D u@w 8i fiji et !fjJ@ lTuSi ~ W , l!L61Jfil6b 6T ;j)ffieF 8'8;jllLllT ~w ~mlLlIT@liv u~!jJtLI urdor~UJl..!J-~w &&v~UJ;b fij/(lljwu5l.fw jIJrr LLGrourT, ~?lUJ rffi&" ~~iT-~~11J

&&v jIJrr(£JSirorflw QU(IIj;BjliTfirTITGOr w8;8irorflrir;;-{l[Jw Qsc p51$ffi

!,!?IQOT jIJrT lLla; ffi<ii6l ~ &I rJI ffiGl ffi IT y9 8;Si(JfiiIJ IT (,YlLlJ- UJ U (JU.T 5lJ fijiGtl&J .

Q<Dl.i®!,!?GJrJru GUIT[JITLLfo:{!)J8;@jj ~tLllTrT Q5riJ5lJ/b;D®w

&1m ~ Q16ff rT ffi§)180 QifGvQ1 /b;D@jwrr fiWf &&v~w8irorflGtl 8iroufiWf W

Q8' ,gwfoffi'Twm(!!J;B~ &'I61Jrr, geG[JrruumillJGtl (yl~61JITWlffitfj/:DlJffi~8;® r;;r@[TITGJrJr $rrwlTlQOT Si[TWlTfiWf GUlTiT'TLLcd>@6iJ '!J ;DULL ~rdorL

16

17

2-469

S;rHilJjli jbrTwjbriiJa;!iifTrrr.itJ fDwtS/d.ms;ILJ;!Jj!) ;fi100v8;@jW ~vrr~s;

eurt fb,eiJ~8;@jW {j)(IJ'i>~;j Gl8'r.itJ6IJUULGl ~LLrWrT. {j)P;jb

~vrr~S;61Jrr jb fljwJ5i8;mS;UJ;!Jj!) w&v GTr,;i}Vill<DITGIf GilL_L_UUrrrTmVill Gls;m;@srL~ ,::DIfJ>r§ar {[Lvt..B~fjlJrT fb~ GTrill-ucoooj!) @uGlUrT(yl~

f!jrTW a;rTl5W l!:P1.J!-J4w.

GT6WUtfj! Gs;rrU?- W8;S;W Glfbrrms; Gls;rr.,m-L ~iFJUJrT,

@Gfb lBGVrTutS/UJ @6IJL_iFJUJriiJa;@J8;a;rrr015T GurrvrrLL,eiJjI@!)IW

Fl'rTa;S;UULlS}--C!!J8;@jW @6iIGIf.,m-IiliJW, fDW8;@j f!jwt5/8;ma;UJ,ID/D

,tEI&vIiliJILJILJ~GI), fljrirlOMwt5/8;!QISJs;COOOUJ :=ILlS}-- ~rT@wrilf}ffijijlL

(]@.,m-@!Lc .

~~UJ ,tEI&vu Lf[TL_iF!s;w t..B,"lJlilJrT fbiJ@rir @vrTOOIu51rir

Iii3JWliliJlLJCLjw @y9,tE1&vmILJCLjw, SSlOMfDrTILJS; Gl@J@jSS6l>rriuS;6mLUJ arG ILJ;j m8'uSirir ~(]8'6'l!}> l!:P8; Gil ILJ jlitfj!@JffimfbCLj W • UrT LL_rr rorfI 6lJ tr 8;S; ffi fbrT @8;@jW GTr.itJ 6IJ tt 6lJ1iliJ s; ILJ tr 10M l!:P ,"lJ 6IJ mom iJ ~6lJ 6lJ it 8;

s; jli ~jrT C!!J8;@jW @1ii3JL_u51.§JlJw!iifT GTGlUUrT6I>r tS/rfI~&rrr 8; (]8irT L

1iliJL_ILfW @(i!)wu'Slfw fDW8;@j8; 8irTL_IJ}--CLJW!OffrD6f. 83(]vrruurr ,

~iF! ILJrT @v !D&rrrU?-,w ~~ U6lJ ffi tJj!8;@jU J5i ,dJurr@! , @iT 8; 8i wru61l rr ~

~[T iFJILJiu @j)15JffitJj!w 6lJ r-r 8;8i lfJ6\l61lrr ~ rJ8'rT6'l!}>G6i8'W @j)15JffitJj!w

(] uarGii j!J 6lJ rT 6T 61J C!!J W anJiiwlJ}-- (]6IJ mGIJ ffi tJj! ~ 6'iv@(][TG6iILJ8;

8in'il8ir, (I!j ~1iv6IJ/p ~lii3Jf!jI:;'UJrr ffifb ~)15J<ffi U8;8ii>@r.itJ s;~

8irrL_iFJuSiliv Bi.'TLLUUL G6lJ6lRrrIJ}--IlJGlJaV ~6lJrrrT .

~iF!llJrrliliJ@J ~@!ffitJj! m(][TrTuurr6ljw - ~iFJUJ,tEI&v ruy9u51r.itJ

@1iv6IJrr~L_Lrr gyJn'il8n.L - ~@Ij ffi Qj!),'TL_rlilfil@)L_L/p. 1872- 1904w ~~@!8irorflrir "8'Wrr,"lJrr6M8;" 8irrcDV8;8n.ff)J @ruJ fJJ(!!j (]UrT tJj!w @(lljwu IDllIfJlu51w p518. IJiLP;tJj! Q8'W !J)J~L_L~. ZLILJ,rj- P;~6£lL...L sutt Jil8;ma;;j Q8'6IJGlfw U?-[TIiiYv@!a;riIf}w Gl8irr@n'il rJ8irr<ffi~ W CLj Lc GTw!!)Jaw s;!D&rrrIJ}--[T rT,"lJ ~!Off6lj 8.@jU QU'T(IIj<DIT'T,"lJ 'T[T U G t.ut [J tr L_L_ jli riifI fo8; 8n.,-j- mLDILJ tr 8;&iI 6lJ(IIj&i!Gf;r j!)<ill. fjJ P; j!) p;I&v1iliJ W • t..Bj!)lDllrT fbffij!)rTliv t__/f;s; .dP/@8iLDmil5 ~[Ty5J8;S;UUL_IJ}--®8.@jW tS/rflL_U?-~ Q fb 'Ty9fjlJrTfifTrT s;&-r,- CLjrlil8n.L_ @UJ8;S; jli.@~ Gl 8' ILJ~UL_ mGIJffi.@(!!j8;&iI/D~. ' 'riifI@JVW umilp;j!) , , t5J,dJrJurr 8;@j61Jrrfo (ljl fbcDVrrrilf} ffitfj!@J-ssriiJa;,-j-? fljrr LrT (;ill G SSrT wruJu5J gyJ riuan. L ~ V iF! IlJIiv GlfDC!!J8;a;1J}-- ®(]L_p5I 6lJ(!!j@JliliJjb8. 8im,rn&i!GC!?w. m<ffiruJrJGlJa;n'il Gls;rr6lRrrL_ U~L_8;S;GI)U QU(!!j8;S;(ljlW, roJ8irr $JUffijlU18; Qa;rrr;;tr ma;lLfw jb,dJa;'TfjlJ lBrJljrrUUrTmGlJ Q61JlJ}--w®d;~u uuurrmILJGIlJ ~ $Is; Lc fJJ jli jb .. 8'fYJ8i ~Iii3JLD $JlLJrT s; " W 'T ;n;DI 61J (!!j Gilrir /DrD6f • @GlJ;fJ!J)Jd;$)mLu5Jriv 6T6\l61lrr (ljl fb6IJrrGtfi ffi /p@J8; 8iL_~a;@J W

dII@$)d; Qa;@w ,tEIa;Jil;jiFJu Gurrd;@w urrL_Lrrrorfl 61JrT8;8iiJ$Jffi (IJl@r-r;jiF!l4w 'j#1LJ,'T jb (IJlGf;rG6I>r ;Dj!)W a;~@ @J(lljGilWj!)6I>r.

WrrrT8;iFJILJw Gjb,'Tw)15JUJtJj! (lJJjb~ {[L6IJa; @J[T6IJrr;n;DIW fYJ<ffi[f)J

Gu® w S;rT6IJ8;an. [f)J8irorflriv ~GlGlJ rTW!J)JW ustrsi 8;iFJUJ ffi~8;@jU

L-/@UJ {[L!J)J.@UUrT@W yjlUJ QW;D)15J8i@JW $)L_L_;j Gl8'UJ

$I®8.&iI/DtJj!. ~i@~ UrrL_LrTGtfi 61JrT8;8iiJ.@W fbffi!p@JW GTGf;rj!) (lJJriifI ;nu51iiu LD.'T,-j- 8;~1LJ jli ~-<i, @j , GlJ IT 6IJ IT ;n j!51<ifiT GlJ (!!j$) ;n 8i IT 6IJ8; an.;DI~r.itJ @W@lIW GlurflllJ Q@J;n)15J GilL_L_U GU'T&iI;n!p.

a1(frrru,:!;fr, {j)j!j},b 50,

1913 uwrn--tF 1

~uw: m. ~.

J91Tru ~ (fL(il,

Gj!jfT@j$l 23, u8;lEniJa;oir 1-4

18

UJrrr'ra-.~UJ~fblr>M- ~mIDJ ~;'!)rrrDIDJrurru..~w ~ffi@ fLmmui:".IM-. Ifu_IDJIfI\~tb

GtDwm ~ Glr~6iIf)6JJrT a;8i a:m_'_(El€iil~)D6M. ~,§.irT6JJ~, ~/})I ~® @.rw€iiliJ]UrT6M 6JJ/DL(Elu aUrT~UJ';u@; ,gL@ai jbrTa;rf/ai 6JJ6rrrT8= &'1uir~ []"rrfJ5urTL_~LuSI()irr 6JJiJiIGUJ 6JJ[]"rTW6v ~,§.i6MJ()irr g)! mlli\J&l a6JJGl@(!!j 6JJiJiIaUJ C!forr~,§.i GUrT tD&-5r -dP/oivrii!J. LDrr(lYja;, w6MJ,flj ®@~jI~ (!JJ()irr6M~tf €i!~,§.i~UJrTwiTa;w !DJ;DGla;Wa6JJ 6TQ,f!LJI.5i uSI(!!j~~ Ga;w...slai~® LDrTrT8;<Div mlmLa;6ir ~~tDrriT 6T~

ufbi,;U,fljrrw ®p5!uurra; -dP/6JJ(!Ij~LlLI (]w,fljrr...slriilJrra=w -dP/LrliJ€iiI

IL/ww ~. ;!b~:{!jI6JJ(~!jrT67frW, ~[]"&'1UJiv GlurT(!!jw.fT ~rT[]"W,

Ga= rT6l'f' I06JcFlL; ~$1 UJ6JJ ;D pS!6iir ~&v Iii jD,dJ ~ t5J [J fiji & fiji a;(f!!j~LUJ

CJurr tD~a;liiIf}w Gjb[]"llI-lLIrTW, ,gLLGlfTllI-UJrTW GI;2)!TLrllf&'lwrr~

~rTW WrTrt8i&'/w aUrT~~ 6TCYI~;!b:{!jl.

uxtti 8i&'/w C8urr ffi&tn Glw,ulLlrrGIfT:{!jI, ~,flj~iv ftjrrw ~~

6T,;U6VrTW 6JJiv@ ftj()irrrnw Glu;DpS!(!!j8;Iil/D:{!jI. ~:{!jI (!JJQ,f!rnLDUJrrGIfT, ,gLwrDYf)GMT8ia;w Qa;rT..mL C8urrjV&wr. rgprT ~pS!&m~~ ,gL@a;u urrrr~!OIJGOllLl ~:{!jI LDdia;(f!!j8;® ~6iIf)'#'fil;n/l)/. 6T~tD !OIJllI-!OIJ~ iJIj)llLD~W~~ f!jJLjbwt5J'#'ma;ai(]wrr, t5J;DCJUiT'#'CJa;rT, (!JJ~6VrT6iIf)~ ~!OIJ ~di®(!JlrnJD8i® ~ftj[]"a6JJrT @~ftj ,gLrii!Ja;u UrTrtm611ILfLW

fj~:{!jI!OIJ[]" (!JJllI-UJrr:{!jl. Q3?rrwrrrffi)UJ~ ftj~:{!jI!OIJC9rTGlfTW, ~rliJ

&ilCJ6VlLI ~[]"&'/UJ6v Qu,T(!!jwrr jVrrf] W, t5JQ[J~a:r C8a=rr6l'f'6'61a=w

6TW;n 6JJUf-!OIJ~fbi,;U 19w jJjJT;D~ISf-,;U w6MJ,f1j @j@W .2..(!!j

6JJrT8ifil~ ~~ftj ftj&v&'/jD$~ umLuLfa;rDYf)()irr ,gLrfimL[; Glu;DjD

!OIJrrrfJa;~rTw LDrTrrdi€i!UJw.

~rn6JJ uut ti di&'/UJ~jl~ fYJwg)! a,f1jrr ;Df!)J6JJrrliJa;rorrrr®w,

f!jJw f!)J ,gLwrorr L8ia;8i & f!)J a; ett rT@jW • ~611 ;Drn )D 8' a;(!!j8; a; ustt a;.#, a;6116MJuGurTW .

LDrrrT 8i€i!w Gurr,f1j&wr , jbrT a;rf!a; ,gL6lJQ8irliJ&:i ~W ( ~fj)a;rrr;r ~

ftj[Jut5JW:{!jIW, u9ftj6JJrr fbia;rorr:{!jlw ~&ilUJ @® 6JJma;UJrrw)

(IjJ;!b@rTrDYf)~:{!jI!OIJ ...sI~!§rrww ~:MgILu9(!!j~:{!jIw ~W6JJ;DfD

UGOla;m LDGOlUJIL/W Q6l1 f!)JumulL/w @wut5J6l1l(El&iJ,LV ~ . WrT ti 8imlLlw ~ 6JJma;UJfTW "fJ>8=8Ttht§wmW~a;rT~L @jf!)JrliJ@j(lJ,l6l1'TftjW"

6TW!J)f -dP//l)/ a;(_"J~fi!G'5rjD:{!jI. ~,f1j6MLu9c'!J~~ CJGlJg)! 6T~,{b

6l1lftjWrT6rir aurr dima;u.;w orfijirTurrrt 8;a; (!JJllI-lLIrT /l)/ ,{b,T6iJr .

ro;rQ6rir<ill/6v, eutt 8iaiU C8UrT[]"rTL_L~jl6M ~llI-uumLu5I@J ~rnw~

/l)/6irrorr f?(!Ij IF(!fJ~rTUJth$'riv "~(I1jlFIT,rtu;D;n" a=(!JJ,{brrUJ fiiiilr8

!§rrHrw 6T/l)/6lfW ~(!!j8;8i (!JJU/-lLIrT/l)/. -dP/fijJa;rr[J~ ftj[]"umutf

CJlFiT:B~ fiiiiI@(§rTWW ~OO~!bILo, u51iJj6lIfTiJia;rorr!,Pi fiiiile§@jrTGlfTW .;)jOO~~Lo !DJ ftjrrriillQftjrT(!Ij ...sIftjtiJfijloiv &6'61 ~lSI-GOlw (ljJGOljD 6IJlUJ ~;:!)~Ii&)!!J~. LDrTrT8i11lUJGwrr _6'61 ~llI-GOlW (!JJrn/fJGOlUJ R'...sIIT8;a;w6iJr;DI 6T fij)rt tiJ/l)/u GUfTrtu rSlr;r a;LWW ~a=IiJil)J@Trorr /})I, fYJ6Vtt:WtiJ~8i®8; &:imL8;®w @riilJfTuthrnftj8i ®mjDuuftjw fYJriiIJ us Gl ftj rr rjJ6Vrr ett rt a;IiiIf}w an 661m UJ ,gL UJ iT tiJ,f1j 6lJ IT W rr 6T 6M jD tSlJ:r 5 m&ruSlliiu (IjJ ,{b riiIJ tt 6iIf) airill ~(!Ij a=T iT u ;D jD (ill ti aiwrr,u {i;r®u istrrt aiQrorrw 6TfijJrrUrTrruu:{!jl 6TLJUlJj- ~lFL_(£:tiJ ftjwwrr®(JwrT, !DJ us rr~ ~ ,f1j 67fT W rr@j(JwrT , -dP/u ulSI- th ftjrT 6iJr &106J -dP/li/-m us (IjJ~ JD8= IF(!JJ tDrT UJ th iJi,;U <Wlc§l8rT W W fY(!!j s n tr u ;D;n ftj ,T uJ @®8;@jGlLD67fr 6TfijJiTLJrrrruu:{!jlw ~a=L_(ElffiftjWW,T@W, !DJwrrrDYf)diftjwwIT@W.

@."!)J WL@W';u6lJ. ftj~!,Pi(ill~rrwlf,jl6iJr 6lIITriiIJ,Tg)!W a=rf!,

~~ ftjrT.UJ ...sIr8~rr67fr If,fijl6iJr riilllT6lJrT g)!w a=rf!, uitt ti 8i&'/UJ ffi$l,;U

@j[J)Jffil@j(1J(6lirr,f1jw" Gurrw jDGlt§!,Pi6lfw &iJmLlLIrr!,Pi 6T6Mum ftjth

20

1

Glurr (I1jm (IJl $!i&il6\Irr;2) Lo ,§.irr fi'or ustrtr 8; 111 UJ di iJiw ,f1j If, /l)/GIl@jrT6rir WrT@jw. ~urT®w0J!~iv!OlJrr ffiw fYw!J)Jftjrrw (IjJ[JGMT,ffJ;n ftj th!,Pi611 §rT 6rir WrT@jW , @lLI;iJm ai ~c§err 6rir rliJa;(f!!jm LUJ 6TrivriiIJ tt U Gurrffi~a;(f!!j8i@jW ro;r;D4rD1f1LUJftjrr@jw, fYJL jbwt..5)8irn8;ai@J8;@jW UaiL_@8>@jW UlFULf8;@jW @~67fr UljD!OIJ,ffJ!J)J8>@jW $lTrTUUliilfJaiUJrT@jU: 6TWUff;J ~alTrTuurrfiiiil~ fJjr08m- suteo riill[J6lJrT!J)f H[Trrfiiiil~u:, @GiM@lw (!JJ8i&:iUJWrT,u Wlf,fiJlU1 a;JT6lJ.9; @jUrnU8; _wrfiIa;&r 6Tjlri~ff;JLb, .r§I!J)friill67frrliJai6'ff1.§Ww a;®th!,Pi,9;a;<iIf)~w ~L...11I LjrfJIBftj J5i[T4.ffi/l)/!OIJ ~GOl ftj 6T WrT ffi:{!jlw fJ>'iilfJL~U,ffJjTJ C!:P1i/-6IJrTW a;(£iw

21

eJufufloM a;6YT~®$jli OIGl{niJa; f9rTL_.l.i/-r5v l Bti: !W ;D@~'4-oM

{j)jJ)J$)u5I~th GitDGTfI6lJrT a; GlwIiJUO/a;a;UULL......~. ~a;a6lJ

GlUiT®w(Y)tDriu6lJiT tD/b631/b ' 'wjJ)Juujli;D@w" , U<iVriGwuu@/b

fPJ6lJ/b;D®w. uy5!uUjli;D®W, 85WfBiTUJa;ffi$)riiU 6T $)rfla;w (ljJCP'YJ5a;L......oM (ljJUJrifrr!J)J UrTrT ftJ/brTrT a;w . /bftJfPJ6lJ~iTGM 8; a;®ffi fPJ(ljJjliriu6lJiT/b/b@rifrr U611 6lJ631$ 6lJ'4-6lJffil8i&r {j)@JrT$W ~jljJf!;iJ

jliWrT. @GiJ611<lOOBi8; 8i(i!J;iJfPJ(Y)tDriu6lJiT /bw 6J /brT6lJ~ ifJ®

6lJy5!u5Ir5v 6TUGiUrT(gJ~W Wjli/b631/bU UrTfPl$rT8;$aGlJrr ~jljJf!8;

a;C86lJ rt jlj iT~ Gi8' IiJfil)JJ fPl •

LD tr rT 8;BrW 6T ffilGia;r5va;w jlj.ff; §)J6lJ ~ tr WU Glu tt (l!jw (y) tfjr5v

WrT tfj.ff;m tfj uS1®$jli WGM ffifijl~mwaUJrT@ ~jlirfl,SbfPlu UrT fPJ$rT j, jliWrT. @,iB/b ~Lrj.uu<lOOL......u5IG6I(I!j$§)J G86ll~eF Gl8'riu~w §!)Q/ Gl6lJrT® $)rfiLJw u5J$<Oljw jli6lJ@IilIC!!Juumjli ~6lJrTa;w ~Lrj.8;a;'4- s5i6YTa;fil wjJjljrTrTa;w. GiTriilGla;riu,;W 6T(gJ$)u.J ~L&l1l1.L '~UrrllJr'r

urr~, @rill!iJ~ Ul,Q_)lu4 6TW&ijD !J)fTriva;'4If}riv ~GlJrtBi~mL......UJ

a;('!J.ff;fP8;a;W uS1$;iJ Gi/b'4lf}6lJrT a;.ntw (y)(gJmwUJrT8i5l/w 6'6lrfi.ff;fP

m[J8;a;ULlL....@W6YTW. lI.ab~ffi1~ II.L!ii .lJj~1i;om; 6TrifrrfiljD

J.WT&uU C8LliT6llCJw ~ruG8!T~(E1 !Wriu8i~w GlJrT8;a; E!_.liffliT<Olj

Giu;D)JJ ~GlGlJiTC!!J GjljrTySlfilJiTWla;@jw ~W9'1UJLDiTGM mBiU y.ff;jlja;ffiI$6YTiT@jw.

18th .!JjfT;D@IdMLrj.rifrr GiUiTC!!JW(IjJ/br5vGlJlTjli;iJfPL......W f..[;1T1Ta;fi(I)

Jitw!J)Jr;;-J1L......G8riu&u . ~GlJ iT jlj .ff;§)J611 ~iTW .ff;m jlj (y)WaW,flJde

Gl8'rUjliiTrt. f!Jl6lldefiljDuLJW6YT Gi~rtwrifrr jlj.ff;~6lJ~iTWW

$)!TLUf-UJ Gi8'riu@Jriila;8;;rra; Gla;rTrdM(j}i, ®,aSlULliTa; Gi~$G6IriiU

jlj.ff;ft;J6lJ (ljJm JD - [i}jki£l(l!)$eJ jli o~Llrr UJrT UiT fo1!l5IW GiUiT C!!JW(y) jljriu

WiT jlJW C8 /biTraiJr ,aSlUJ§)J - @[JLLrj.UJ Gi8'riu6lJffila;8;;rr 8; Gla;rrffir(j}i,

~6lJ tr Gi turt ® w(IjJ jljriu6lJ tr /b;iJ<lOO tD 6lJ6YT uu(j}i th $)@rT . [i}$ jli de

Gl8'r5vGlJrliJa;r;;rf/riu U1!T jliiTWWiT a; s5JwffiI@j6lJ~ @UJ~llJtilJ~rrm. {j)UJ8;a;s5iUJriu 6TWU§)J u5}a;uS/a; (y)~mwUJrT6M, ~LDiTW, ifJC!!J jlj&uuu L8' uS/riu6ll tt tfj 611 Uf-6lJ th $)riu 6lJ fifT ti de 9'1m UJu U ;D;DI G8w 8; &i G8@Jrfi8;®W aUiT jlj&!rr turt (§ u: ; fi/!T jJ /b[J WrT a; @J6YTrt5fi1u.J;h)JJ @JrdM G1W(IjJ'iifr6YT u('!JuGiurr®Oorr f9W8;(§U O/!T@Ur;;6/[i;fPJ8; a;rrL@W w..m jlJ ~ pSis5i raiJr 8' tt tr Lf #&vmUJ @J106I1Lf!J)JffifPw au tr tD&lrr UJrT (§ W . C8[J Uf-UJw , WoM 6M@)Ja;a;1iir , jlj..m UJffilBi'4lf}GiJ ~ jJ)J UJ ;DG(!!J~ @Bi WrT .[!)I6lJ~ - {ij631GlJ C8u,nM pJ fi)u.J;Dma; 6l1Jr§~rrGM ffi$liiM u5Ja;

flJr;;Gw a;rnr(E1t5J'4-uya;GiwGiJ6llrrw LD,TrT 8;filw riJUJ8;a;G8UJGiJ

Q u rr C!!Jw (IjJ jliGiJ6l.JrT jli eJUJ 8' rfI us tr W §)J 101 oM !J)J G8 UJa;a; ffi jlj8;a;

(IjJ<lOO )JJlilIriu 1Q...jJ)J$)uu(E1,Sbfi;iILfW6YT6M. ~~fii;uaurrrD1rr umlPUJ

Bi (I!j ffi §)J(IjJ :1br5vriU tt jli ffim /bu U ;h ;DI UJ ' , Lf fj}i UJ' • UJ.[!)I s5i us tt 8;

fii; UJrT 6IiT riilSiOorr 8; Gi a; tt mr(iJl (ljJibfiIJ IT WI ,Sb fPlGlJ ffi jlj ffi,ff)/@J ~.iT..m a;w

jli,iB /b au tt jli&!rr a;fiff tt GiJ [i}6ID tfj ffi :1b(j}ia;Si (Y)'4-u.Js5iiv&u .

:1b ffi ft;Jw~rr rD1rr U Gi U rt C!!JW(IjJ /briuw tt jli.ff;6ID jlJ UJiT tr 8;,;W ~ usr 8; fii; 6lJ W tr ;b ~ $l6ID )JJGiIf Gi u)JJde Gi8' iJ jlirT rT . {ijUJ ;D6IDa; u;D ;J5I us

~ p5i jli&v LDOrlI ~ 1J(Ip~ rrui tb u;D pSi tu ~;Dl tfj6ll tt BiGilf W G8,f)w tt 8;

fii;~rT. WrrrT8;9'1w rulJ5\lIT~,Q_)I~ ibJlilrI,IlJu G1urr®m(lp~6\lrurr~tb G6iOOrTrD1rr 5 fiI;B:1b&!rr 8;®a. &i!mL......ffijlJ WITGiu(f!jw Gi@J;D;DlUJITa;

~6IDW jJ:1b ft;J . (y)wGi uriu su tt W @J[JGlJrT;D6ID)JJ1Lf W ~/[J filu.J&v ILl W

U ;h ;D1 iu a; (f!j!b §)J 8> a;GTfIGiJ @jlPuu(!Jlw jlJ rrwa tfj rr~ ,aSl,Sb jlj6IiT (ljJw ~fijl8;8iW G8'!iW!b@ 611JBjliW. {ijUCBurr,ff)/ ~6ID6lJ C8UTiJ, G6iUJulsJ,L....(E1w ~W"'-l8;® ifJ®uSJ.ff;jli ~@5lWILfW IQ...WWlOiW8; Bi(IjJW Gia;rrGffiL...... 'W(I!) G6ir§~iTGM.ff; jlJ;b§)J6lJW 6lJ;B§)JG6iL....L......ft;J. GlJ!J GlJ IT ;D!J)J,Sb §)J6ID JDu Gi um:'!Jw(y) /biv@JiT/bw 6TW,flJ @ffi/bffi jlj.ff;fPriUW a;rrL....CElriUQjljWrD1rr? lQ...;Du.ff;fj}ide 8'8;$Ia;WI~ GlJfiffrT59'1u51w G8&rrr;;urr$ ~('!J 8'(ljJjliiTUJ .,£JI@5lWLlI_I (IjJ@5l)JJu5Ir;;6/('!J~ft;J .!PI@5l/bG8L...... :LUJrT jlj!TWiTW @wGl~('!J 8'(Y):1biTUJ ~mwuLf (y)6ID)JJ GiTuuUf- 6lJ arti ~ jD ft;J 101 W Ll<lOO jlj - :L jlJ iT!TOiW WrT a; , $lGlJU U1 [J LJ,Sb ft;Jr;;u de 8' (!Jl jlj tr UJ .!PI631 WU Lf (ljJm JDu5lG61 ® Jbft;J C!:P /b<iVrr WI ffi §)J6lJ de 8' (y) jljrr UJ ~<lOO W uLJ (ljJ@5l,fD 101 U uUf- riU6YT rT &iJ ,fD fP GiTiiM um tfj - .!PI.fPJ a;rr L....(£! &iJDfPJ .

@UJ;bma; 6TW u fPJ - .!PI /b1T6lJ fP 6lJ6YTTr #fiI Glu;D f!)J8; GlBirrldM rJL......IilI(l!j8>(§w u(I!)uQUiT(f!jw 6TWU§)J - UJ~jljW18>@j .!PIuurTriu a;u.Jwrra; [i}®;Bft;J @J(I!)&i!,f])fPJ· riJJbjlj @UJ;Dma;mu.J w..mtfj .!PI;Dl"'-l

O/[J fijl uG61Miil jD.fPJ . .!PIa /b au tt 6ll /b tt iiM UJ..m jlj cl) ~ 1F(Ip~ rnu

..l)j~6lt I010iMUU(E16lJ§)JW (~jljrrGlJfP jliffi.fPJw~rrrD1rrw, W;iDW,

~!T8'lUJtiiv (IjJ/b6llrTrD1rr@5lr;;u <Fwu;Bjliwrr Bi UJ~ tfjW GlBirT~lJf.(f!j8>®W

uGiJGIOl1 [!)1 Bi('!J .ff;.fPJ8>$~W GUiT jli&!rr a;~w) 8'(y) jlirr UJ.ff;@W

G1ufI<5mrr~rrlJ .J).JffiLDU4 (lpffijDffillJU O/!T $IU6618;8i!,fDt!Jl.

~!Tfilu.Jriu $l!J)Jr;;uwr5Ja;w GiTWU~6lJGlUJtiiv<iVrrw GlUfT('!JWrT jlirT[J ~lJf.ffi

/b6YT /b@riiU u'J.fPJ #!J)J6lJUUL....L...... awtiiv a;L(j}iUJrrrD1rraUJUJiT@jw.

:LjlirT!TiOIfffWrTa;, {fl@6IiT tEar;rrrut5!u.J ~!Ta;aiWlw uGiJaw[!)1

..!J)wfilUJriu 611Uf-@JriilBiW I01ivifilJrrw UITL....L......rr.;;yf) euti a.a;,Si)@iiM rJUJiv

(ljJjli6llrrGTfl G1Jrraia;w Gl8' !iWffi$) 6lJ(!!jW ~fj}i8>a;;'@5ljlju U<iVU

uCEltbtD IiiTUuLrj.U uUJwuW&i!w,fDw 6Twum/b f9rTW UrTrT8>

mrJ@w.

22

23

2

iiI;ii jljU 0I&m uLf G w:iW W GlJW rTtF ~1Lf.!J)JGlJ iill jljd; ® ;DId;&il JD tf)l ; ~ffjrnilif!)f W~jlj~W ilLiillffuy", CFa.j!C2lLJ fjl@ urf!wrrJDJDu UomLWIT&il6l1i(ElGlJiill/ba. (f!j;J5/d;&ilJDf!)I. an.G6/ Qu.!J)Jw iIL!ii6JbPU

urrGJfJ $l6J)W, ~&v8i6Yr, iIL!ii6JbPULf8; 8i@6l1i8i6Yr ~&illLJGlJ ;iJ;DIw

Q<F tt ;ii /b 8;8iiT IT ti 8iGJfJ LW jljGM f!)I a: mlJlu ytF CF Si fiiiill UJ ro6I ;iJ$1(!!lw . Qjljrry5!6IJ'TGJfJ (]GlJ&v /!JiT6YI1w fjl@ U(f!jj1iillUJj, jljwOmtLfW jlj'i'Jr f!)I ®(E1wu j,iill jlj 14 W UIT tt W if! §J f!)f8; Q 8i17 6Yr GlJ jlj;iJ@j GGlJIDffl lJ)-lLJ Q<F<OVr4Ijfi,8i.rr 8i ( ~ jljrrGlJ f!)I , an.G6/8;a;iT a.) ilLiilllJlUU iJiGiv 8iy5!j; ~(!!lW. W.!J)J u(f!jj1uS1fiv =j1lLJuSiw,£I5I(]lLJ ilLiillffj.}§if c!:pf!jliilliTIiiYflSi§ ~ulf1 Ul~UrnU ilLromLrrd;iilj, jlj@iiI(!!lw. ~;iiffj ~urf/ Wj1ULfj:)

jljrrw [j6J)iT U j,f!)f$ § j:} (] jlj tt ;iJ [f)WLl mil , -dP/f!)I f!jrrw (YJ jljliiU tt 6YI1

GlJ rT Sia; j,.§jiW Q CF Guw j,§if8;@jj, (] f!jrr ;iJ fJ)J'3U tt ti.! .

ilLurf/ Wj1UiillUU u;iJjl5JUJ (]UiT jljOm f!j,TW uutti Si8'liiM

QUT([!),."..rr f!jrrlT j, f!jj,f!)I'iill j,§if8;@j f!:P&v8;8i,w ~§W.

Q jbrr y5!1iiU rrGJfJuSlw ilLiillbPuumil ilL rom Lrr d;8i UULL e!jJrW f!j'i'JrW ~.!J)J ~;buj,jlUJiT'iifTrTa;oo ~tf!j,f!)f (]GlJ&uu51,w6lJIT(]jljrrrT UL LrrwjjiilljljU UiillLUUiJiW fYJrWllJiT8ijj Qffjrrtf!5Vrr'iilfirnlLJ /!J8T8;@j fiil JD f!)/ • Q ffj tt lfiriv f!)1iill jDu5Iriv , Q U@@jlj iIL;Du j, $I Q U Jl)1&il JD Q'3U;iJ;DI u'iilfidcQCFrillJl)1 Qjlj.rf)&:lJD~. ~@riv, ~Gffj [ffi8iy;,MiliillUJ 6l1I'iill<FiTUJjj f!)fmJDu5IjJliw f!jiTW UiTrT8;8i (YJlSf-tLfw. Qu@G8jlj (!Pf!j6lJITromj,§if6lJ GJ1/GlJCFrrUJjjjliiM (]w[ffi&v ~jl8illJiTfiild; Q8iiTromGL (]u tt €iil JD f!)1 : ro6I'3U <F tr UJ j, jlriv [j1Ll;iijl IT rliJ8iOO ilL u(] UJ tr m Cu» §if W -dP/ j1a;rf/d;&:l JD f!)I ; UtOlfM f!JJ5V fb66T j, j1rill 8T® 8;@jd; 8iu51 ;iJ jl5Jriv r;;{i)6lJCFrrUJu Qurr(lljmrr jljIT[TW ~8;$1Si G!8irT6Yr&ilJDf!)1; ~f!)1 f!jW f!)1 t51;iJUL .. L QffjITy5!6v.!JJ1~d;8ij,j1w 8TrnwUJrrriv ~(g!j,f!jUUL(£) ~tf!&il JD f!)f. @lGlJ8'iTUJj, f!)1m JDu5Iriill fjJ ;iJ ;nliirr GlJ IT GM ilL ;flu j, j1u51w &'rT@j&u@{8;§rf/lLJ 'iilllJ)-GlJrfiJ8i6fr (]GlJ(!!j'u5I®ut..5IWlw, [jdc&'rT§&u6!f et ;iJ u(E1r;;u!!)1 l.D.!J)J 8; 8i C!:PUf-UJIT jlj iIL'ii~m,~ l.D UJ tt § W .

f!JJ5V fb66T W fjJ ;iJ ;nWGlJ rrw iiL ;iJLJ j, j1GID ill fjly)! U U jbw e!jJGlJ W ,

ilLGID II' U OIw ilL )iJLJ j, f£; j, fiJ jIJrill ~ j18i Ifi U U f!j;iJ@j W Q urf! UJ

c!pf!jrOVrrGJfJ8iromw an.L_(i)8i~8;@j 'i!T8i'Jurr8i ;§I&u!ii6JlLJl~ LJ!ii6JLU

ufb;iJ@jW GlJiilla; QtFti.!m;nf!)l. ~;iJuj,j1GlLJ GllJjJliw (]w:gww

CF(!p jlj ,T UJ j, jlj rillm us Q U Jl)1fiil JD f!)1: 'fiX!!J (YJ!ii6J jJJUJ IT W QUIT (lljliirr IT jlj IT IT ~r5NEGIDl.DUO!C8rOV ~6l]LtFd; 8i~ 8;8im;W, C88irTUf-$ 8i~ 8;8iITW QffjrTy5lliilliTmrT t..5I&mfi,a;uuLC£! @I(£i&:lwJDGMrT. ~@riill ~;iif!jd; an.L.....(£i ~!ii6J!fuOIrill ~;iJUj,fiJU QUIT®&rr ru[f6v<iil1lL...(£i 'iiTiiW 6W j,jb8;8i fj@ 8'l1iill (YJffJ'iil.J/TGJfJ8i6Yr ~!ii6JLmllJl1..1lT8;$18; Q8iIT6Yr

ustt ri d; 1ilrill fb jjf!)lGlJ~rr66T W C!::P(L1l [ffim ;n61J Q u ;iJ jIJ ffj j,f!)1'3U

~ITWU QUIT(I!)6Yr(!pjbfiv6lJrr f!jllJrT§W. [j;iijbU QUrT@ffi(YJjb6v

6I..I.fT/bW W~ffj @jGlJj,fjI;iJ@j, ®;D!UUIT8ij, QjljlTy5J5V1T1iiYfI GlJrTd; 8i j, f!)fd;@j , uss, jj f!jrrw -dP/ jl5J61J tF 8' tt fb66T rliJ8i&rr GlJ bPriilfiilu9®d; &:lJD!!)1.

QUIT ®Iiirr rt jljlT IT -dP/!ii6J l.DU Y (!pm JJJ 6T rill JD -dP/Uf- jj jlj'iifT j, $Jw

Wf!)IjljlTW -dP/ITfi'JUJriv (]wriv a;L.....C£!IlJITGMW 8iLLUU(E1&ilJD.iI)J 'iiTrill Jl)1

!OJ ;iJfJ)Jfi, Qa;lTromL6l.fLW, uurtt 4siv f!j1lJ§if QU@WLJrrrOVrrw

8iGlJ66T j,m jlj @Ji>f!jU QUIT®WrT JljITIT ~!ii6JWULJ (LpGID JDu9rill

Wf!jJ Q8' :gwjy.§ji®rT. wrrrT fi,8'lrill OI[J ;!l>rrGM JP!TIiill.rr&ill1..1~~~ffiW fIJr;;{Jw srreo :i>.§ji11..1 -~fbiT6lJ§/, (!PjljrOVITromj,§/GlJ - 8'(!pjljrTUJj,fij1w

QUrT®mrr fbrT-[J ~mwuy (YJmJD!ii6JlLJ ~[TrrtLfw JW6lJrr@jw.

uxt ti 8;8Tfi,@j c!p ;iJULL f!JJ 5Vdc 8'1 jJJU yffiw -dP/ [J 8'lUJriv

Q urr (!lj ettrt fbrr I]" W (YJ fb5ViT'iiIfi jy§/GlJ fIJrT(E1a;ffi mitJrOViTGlJ ;b ;J5/:gww

c!P/P1ra; GlJ'iifTrTdciF! Qu;b;DI®;ii,Sb @rii.J&:l6lJrr;ii@G6J) iiL®GlJrTuSI;bJJ)!.

~LW @JuSlj,§/w C8L<iiI1IL..... m8;8ilTrT(]LITGljW QUrT®mlT jljlTI]" -dP/651IlJUL_f (!jJ65IJDiilll1..1 ~ITrrrU;ii.iI)J Ul~Ul..j urnrWw ~m!pul..j~

;:!)~gpru~~~ ~GYv$lGlJ,T[TuSlL.....LTrT a;ffi. ~GlJrT a;@JmLUJ

U~iillUJ WITIT8;siv QjbrrLrT;iif!jJ jDLjj.§ji®rT. ~;iitpfo ,Sbjy

.il)JGlJfomjb ~GlJrT fi,JL.....LUJrTa; Jffi®t..5Ij,§/ (!:J'1]"~;bJD 6lJm8iuSl6v 6W6lJrflj,tplTrT. ~Q6lJrr® LJroWLfo$JiiM w$JULfW -dP/mjbiIL;D LJ fo $I Q<F ti.JGlJ $I riv G'/<F6J)GlJ y5ld;a;uu L...L 8' (!p fb tt lLJ rf j1uS1du -dP/GlJ&lUJl.DIT66T ~!ii6J!fULJ (]jDl]" jiij1iiM ~GiTfmGlJ8; G'/a;m5W@jbrTW

Jffirr~uSlSi8iuLJC£!&ilJD§j! 'iiTiiMJJ)! -dP/GlJrT <iiI1Imfi,$18; a;rrL.....Uf-@rT.

(I:P fb6lJ1T 'iiIfi fof!)1SlJ U Q LJIT (!1j ill tt fbrr I]" 6lJ iT.fifla; 6Yr , QUiT ® L.....a;ffi

[jmL..Jl5)rOVrrw (00 LJiiWLW WjJQ(!!j'rill.[f)lLiiM LJIfiUJIT ;iJJDW

'Q8'ti.J.iI)J Qa;rr6Yr'iifTUU@w) iiLJD@{ iiiTWUfbrra; ro6iSlJIfii>jb@du

UJ..m~r'r&6iT .@rnu015llrTm ~!D0l.J [ffirOV6!fGlJmjlj wITrT41iiiv LJIiillU u(E1fofi'®rT. LJromLU ulfiwlT ;iJjJJW jlj~fojb..mlL1rrGM ~;iJLJi> j1lLlrrmrt 8i1iiYfl!ii6JLC8ll.J <F;iim jb (yl6lJUJIT 8i !OJ ;iJLJC£!W t..5I&rrrumu8; 8irrL...@&:lJDt!)J . ussmo <iTWu.iI)J [j;iijbU OI&muLJ jb..mUUL.....L ~ ;iJ LJ fo $I lLJrT 6fT rt a;<>rf}iiM QLJm:!!JliirriT fbrr [J 6lJ 17'y;,d;ma; (YJ(_/.{lGlJ m jljlLf W

rJlrf/8;a; (!pUf-lLlrT jbuUf- (!p(g!Q uitr :i>jbllJlT a; ~&m j,§j! (]l.D:gww

GIlJ:gww Q/!JC'!J4a;wITGlJ65Ijb8> @jl5Jd;iilJD§j!. 1Yi000_ilio>l!TW iiiTWLJ.iI)J

24

25

3

ffi/fiil)ut5!rJL-/;ii~<N ~~wuLf (yJrW'IfD Gfi/JlffifbuUL(El

"Ih~riJj;I!JlDlTm" (yJjlj<iiVITGIif)ffi~<Ne* <'FcYJfbrTluw @UJ.d,@/(jI)&iSO

GfbITW)J51lU QUIT@~ @Ji;fb5 8i-fbJi;@[Jw i!L<i'j)!:puUITGIif)8i3orr

~8;Bi@/W 8i-[JOOL@/W ~<i'j)wJi;fb YWlUGfbITrT ~~wuLf

cYJ<i'j)jD~lUalLl (§;6Iffijlj~ rOTWU~ i!LLGOiM Qfb."r]<NITBi,;U!6TTr6I 8i(jl)lTuSi,dJ.fJ)l' @;Bfb fj.>(B8;®cYJ<i'j)jDuSi~ UJ[J §IU6L'IuUIT 8i6lJw fj)ffi;D 8iITW BiOOLOiMLDJT Bi6lJLD uSoG<N[f)J GaclT6l'jJ6l5IifU GUIT ffi&rrr Bi6lr ~LG~ fb&v,fW.$8i;ii QffiITLr6I&i~. ~~riv ~[JWU8; 8i1T<iiV,dJ@UJ GaclT6l'jJ6"6)acw ffi~U~ GfflT~G61<'FWIT8iffijljlTrir @®Ji;ffi!JjJ. ~~ (yJ ffi (jI),IT."r] ffi IJ;J 6115 8' cYJ fb IT iu ;ii ~ ffi 619 WrT fiI,dJ jlj!J)J , 8im, UJ-,dJ fb~ , 8'L9j;ffi~; ~Ji;ffi5 ac(yJffi{Tl1Jffi~jlj ?;fP18;Bi G6l16W(ElW rOTWf!)J BiWGlj 8irornL!P1; ~rW'Iffi 6l9L r]WI9lJITW ~rT ~rW'IWULJ cYJ<i'j)jD~ILIU U;D;fl1 ~BiITlU8; G8iTLmL BiL...L1j- 'iIJ;B:!b~; 8i-[Joo(Br<Nttii

fiX!:f>8;Bi 8; G $LJf 0iM Qff ILlriv rOT ~ .fJ)l UG1fIfr 8;BiIT [J ti Bi@!)8>@j i!LG1fIfr tr j; ffi cYJ ILl ,dJfiI j; /T> ~ .

~~So $,dJu@ Gffrr~6"6)ff tbj'i~,,-v 6l9(Br.fb&v8>BiITGM Qwlii

UJITW 6lJ yS1~ UJ 8> 8iIT LL cYJUJ-UJ619oill&v . cYJ ffi(jl) IT GIif) ffi ~'iIJ ffi ffiioill

ffi/19lJ@/W a;,_G61 ~L1j-~W IJPmjDuSlGirr <'F1T[JITWifffi~fb ~ffi@6iJ

ro6i6TT 8;Bi IJPllj-lLlro6ioill&v. IJP ffiI9lJITGIif)tb!P1iil.l (!:PrW'I jDuSiw 'ilJWrT e*fiI

U;D;fl1UJ 6l9ffii8iW dJ{ffi@,,-v 8iOO(£it.5!llj-8>Bi (!Jlllj-lLlro6iSo&v. ~@

Y@lU <'FcYJ ffi IT ILl tb fijlW UrW'I LUU ITIiirfIILI IT Bi dJ{rW'I WUJ 6lJoilll9lJ

1F(IJl~ITUJff lFffiilrnUJ ~ffi~iv 8i-Lllj-8> BiITLL@/W IJPllj-lLJroSiiv&v.

@ffi,dJ&ilmLuSi,,-v , ;£!l9lJuU!rr LJ tb g)J'iIJ ffij'iw Gfi [j)e*filrW'IILIILfW

uoo(3om ~llj-mw cYJ~jDuSlw Gfi/Jle*filrW'IILIILfW Q.fbITLrT $$1

mr][JITUUIT (!jJ@'ilJj'i~w, §)J51UUIT8i t.5![JITGirrfiliv, er JJULL

LjILJ,,-v G'iIJ 8iU LJ[J LfilBiW, su riffiffirtiJlMlilffi (JUIT!JITLLlD ffiITroM

0iT <OiJI9lJIT QJW ti #;)8> @jW ~ffilT [J WIT lLJ W ~ $~ 6l9rW'1ff ILIIT Bi@/W

iL6YTW~ m;w·u~.fb r]wiWW aw~w Q.fbGlif)QJITBi Qwo;yf}u

u(£itbffiiw.

JffJ<iiVLJ/.~rrLftb~w 6lJrT8;$tb~8>Q$@[J1T1ii ~rrfiluiJ 8i-fbffi@rr

@I9lJLfillLJ,i,~8>@j8; &ilmLj,ffi rOTffiffi f?® Q'iIJ;D;DIILfW ~'iiiJ

6llrf8>8iffij'iGirr ('IjJITBiBiWITW OiTWrTut.5!oilll9lJlTw..v &ilrW'IL,i,~

6l9Lwiv&V. (yJffi<iiVITGIif),i,/})iQJ5 <'FIJPjljITUJ,i,@Girr uivG611.fJ)l euti 8;

8ir6IBio;yf}mLGUJ m6lJWrrG1flfrU (JUIT[JITLLW ~}.i!6l!lTw..v OiTffi.fb

(yJjij<iiVITGIif),i,!P16lJ jDlT(Brw !jj}[JWGlf 8i-ffiffi@r;rWITGM, g!?GMjD IT ius:

~llj-uu~LuSiiv 6ll6ITrT e*fillLf;Df!)J WLwiv&V.

G611!J)J 6T611(!98;@jW cYJWUIT Bi WlTrT 8>8i-8;@jtbfbITW iL<iiV$

611 [J19lJ IT f!)J GUT fijl8;(§W UllJ-LlI.5IemrW'llU @jl6"6)@.ffi~ BiOO L ;DIILIGlf W , ~Jl;ffiU Ullj-ut.5!emrW'llU (!:prr~Girr;DI5 QacUJivu(£itbffiGljW (!jJllj-ffiffi~/, iilffiiiv ffilTW ~611®rW'ILUJ GWffilT@ll9lJ1T ffW @@8>mjD~. ruriffiffiu (]UIT!JITLL,;2)rn~u U;D;DIILI (JUIT ffi&lrr ffilT6iJr ~;j)ffi (1jJllj-UIT@jW.

~j'i, WffiW, .!!)Jr;rfilUJiv, <'F(1jJjljITUJW ifWU;j)/bWITGM 0iT..v19lJ1T

ro6i jlj 5 G1<'FIT ivl9lJ@8;(§8i@!)8;@jW U![J 8iLWiJ$~(§W 6lJ IT 8>(§!J)J ffii Bi@8>@jW D/wGGM 'iiJ jljlT611QjljIT® 6lJrt8;8iffiffiiGirr ~Ol.lmffirn~ffi~ ffi/;DurW'Iffi8> $rorn(£i Q$ITJiir6IT W8;8i6YT G1jljrf/j)§jJ QBiITW WIT tfj GllrW'l rruSloill ~ rr fi! UJ6"6)<OiJ ~@J rt BiW (yJLLIT!DYr ffiw WIT W flwrrr•rf)a;wIT8iGljw /bWrW'Iw,i, jijrrGw ijWIT jJ;fl18> Q,urwG@JIT!lITBi 61Jw ~@;j)ffiWrT , rOTUGUIT g)Jw @@UUiTrr a;W". UrW'I!:pUJ Ii) jJu IT@ ~GiJQ 'iIJ IT W If)I W GTGiJ@J6IT6IJ/bITGirr dJ{ jD IT Bi rf/a; WIT IiiM /b IT BiGlj W ~(gJ€iilUGUiTGM.fbIT8iGljW G/bITGirr)J5!lU r]UlTjl~w IiJjljlT611§jJ ~rT

€iiI@rt8iW. i!L;Du,i,@uSliv ~rrlTg!?a;w GiIlWrT8ilfD~; ~jljr]ulTIiiv QjD@8;8ilij-8i~W 6llWrT€iilGirr jDliiM; 8' Ji;rW'Ijlj8i&ru t.5!lij-ffijf)l8> QBiIT6Yr

6lltfj;D8iITGM ~G@J<'F G611L~LIL/W ~ffiia;wlTmjDjf)I; jlrr6TTITGM

W8; Bi 6TfIGirr 6l1T /:p $rW'IBi 9. a; IT uLJ [f)J fi} uSi6iJr m W IL/ W ~ fi} 8i rf/8>8il /D ~ .

QjljlTySll9lJlTwrt8iW ('IjJ<iiVffi<i7Jf,i,rW'Ijlj ~6WL1j-U O!m!J!9.8i G'ilJrornlij-1LI &&vmlU (!jJ.fbliiVlTliirfltb~6l1 (yJmjD _g619r:ruuGl,i,ttiiw ~GjlJ <'FwUJj, @..v ~w!J)JGffrtJi;ffi QffilTySll9lJlTwrt rOTW/W WITGlu@w U6l!,i, mjljIL/w UJjDut.5Jffijf)l619Gl&ilfD~·

umLlJIT ;DflJu U~i1fTLU G1UIT(I1j6TT1T ffilT[J j,fi}w ~[Jwu dilj)

IJ;J9.BiGlif)GiISl®Ji;~, <'FIT jljIT[J6"ffiU urf1wrr ;DjDj,j),;6)@Ji;~ Q.fbITLriJJ&iI, uSl8i a.ustt f'5.fb @Jllj-riillr6IBiW @Jmrru5/d!;, Qu@Gfifb iLJDu,i,fii S1J m[JuSi So (yJ fb61.JiT GIif) ffi~ @J ,dJ@Girr riillW rt 5fi!mUJ WIT tr 8; 6iv ~rr IT uJ Ji;IJ;J $ITLIij-@rT.

um!:pUJmriilllLfw LfffiilLlm<UJlLJw ~LriJJBi6VmiiIT GTSoI9lJIT

:!:pjljI9lJITGIif),dJ~ru fDITGl~ ~@JU<Nc!:pw @,~.fb WlTrT9.fi!ILJU GUIT jljem O!m/:plUJD,ID/bIT(§W rOTwumjlj ~~@(JjljlT!J)Jw C8wjWw C8w~w 8iL@.fbI9lJITW QffiITySI<iiVrTliiYfrT8i@9.@jj} Q~@JrTa; ffi/er.!;

UJ,dJ~8; ailTL....l1I- @J@8iljD~.

a: 19lJG'J8iffiJ(§ W (yJ jlj6l!lTIiirfl j)~ @JW Gl611 ;D )J51 Q U ;n g)J@5ILLttii .

~@..v @;j),§j Q611;DpSI (1jJjljliiVlT"rf/tb~6l1tbfi}6M w~ QffilTySlliiVlT6TTrT

8;1Trii'ffiU GUIT(§W QGiIl;D;DIuSlGirr (!jJW<i7Jf pSldilu(Ju ~@jw.

26

27

c?lb@JU WrT8;8ifojl<>frr !f8;@a&r8; Q8irn.-ffi(El ~iffiI r§I& rffi!fJJfo jbUUL(El w®~fD!JjJ. g,i@®i>jbffiI8iw, Gwwurr(Ei8iw c?lbfilUJw;D pSlrDirr c?lbjb[JwrrwrT8im ii)lOfJjb lLmf[Jrrjb w~!TuSl6iJ UIOfJ!jJ1lJ ~~wu Lf cYJlOfJ JDuSlffi U rr iffiI8i tr 6lJ riiiJ ,i 8iW ~W it 8i&rr GJTffiQ JD~f !fJJW (!jJLLfT6iTa;wrr8;&il8; Qa;fT~LuSI®uurrrT8i6iT. ii)tb,tV 6lJrT8;8iffiJ a;Gff)ffi GJT$1liu~ui> jb8irtfo!JjJ 'fYIfiiUUj!j;D@j ~(]iJ ~® 6lJlfiijbfT~ lL6W(Ei. ~!JjJ 6T~W? U~/p~LlJIOfJILlfi, !JjJ~Lft;QffipSll1J<OljLb y~~W~UJU U6lIlL8;8iriil/W ji;JJD<>frr QU;D/D~6lJILjW !f(IjJjlirrUJIiiff}6iJ jbffiIa;@J8;®WW $J&vuSlrDirr a;/f[JmfUJrra; .dl){UUlJf-U umLliiiffilft; ~IJ (]liIJmrLlUJ a;LLfTUJft;$J6"6)(1!j8;&i)fD6lIlWlLfwrrw !f8;$J8i&rr fJ;W ~WeF C§tPtb!JjJ6iTw @Gjb !f(IjJjlirrUJfojl;b®wG6YTGUJ fJ;rTLb a;mr(Ei

OIlJf-fi,iffiI, .dl){;jjjb<!F !f8;jla;@!j8;@j ~[!5IQwrrGff)/!d,L...i.!j..u GUfT!TrrL..

L i>jl;D@j 'fft@.r~J8imW i> §)J i> W[J L .. L . Clw<ilWGlLb. {j)§)J ~ G/DjbrTW wJfii.

WfTrT 8;~ jli fo!JjJWr§fTW U G'iurr®w(IjJ jli6iJ6lJrr jbW f?o~ f[)J jblTW

'fY@8;8iUUL....L WrT 8;a;ffiIa;QwlivliVfTW ~!JjJ W~rr ilL/p6M f[)J Qa;lT~

lJf-®.ffi j!j c?lb W u518i ~ lJf-6lIl LlJ i> jbW i> jlro6l (!!J.ffi!JjJ GW~IlJ!fJJ Lb

6lJ 1fiiVi6)IlJU UfT L LfT Gff) 6lJ rT 4; a; jJ jl ;D@j8; 8i tt L..~ ([98;£) !D §)J .

uurti 8;filrir G'iUfT®liiffrT jbfT[J i> jblii§)J6lJLb ~f[)Jj!jfTrir G'iUrT !JjJ6lJrTW (IjJ jli 61JrTf>rfl jJ!JjJ6lJ ~!OI5J UJuy (yx,O) /DuSl6iJ UfT LLrr6'lfl 6lJ rT 8i a; jJ jlriiM lL~mW Jffi&v~UJ row $£JtLjmliiff!JjJ .

~G'iW{M8i rrs6i61lJ®fB!JjJ /9?uurrrir Gill!Ol5Jrr , <iW6"8 LWI 61lJ®;B:fljI

GjbriiM@uOIrfl8;a;rr W6lIlrr, ilL6Va;G'iwi!it@jW UfTL....LlT6'IfI 6lJrT 8;

8ifoff}W ""ClI1J<!Fm!fUJfTW Jffi!fJJwwi!ita;rorr QU®£J8i G1a;fT~

ClLuSI®4; &i)rir JDiffi. jliiffi fPl GillrT 8ia;u GUfT[JrrLLjJ~jb fJ;LfoW4 G1!f liv6lJ jli6¥ w tt uSI riiiJ tr a;u t.itt L LfT Gff) w rT 8;8i Lb .dl){ pSlGil6lJ rr6'lfl1Lj Lb

8i6iJs6ilLfw G'iu;DtJ)J W([9£J ftJ:fljI; (IjJ jli61lrr6Yfl fofPlGill<!F 8'c!:pfbrrUJ jJ

jl;b@jrflUJ 8',rrrTLf8i 8i®i>fPl$a;riif}~rirf[)J jlirir&or s6i(B.iillJjJ!JjJ$

Q8ilTmr(£1w(I1j&ilftJfPl; fbW ~~8i&rr GlJJj®8;8iLlJrra;;iJ fijlrrL..lJf-4 ~8' rT i>!JjJ Gill@&iJ /D!JjJ ; jbW!JjJ Gil W ;D pSl8i6Yfl~ 6"8 eF 6lIl8' g)/Iiiff fB ,tV pSll1J8; 8i ;D!fJJ$ G a;fTrDlffi(Ei 6lJ (I1j £J /D!JjJ ; jbffi 8' 8; $I8i&rr GJT 0 ~@j ClUfTrolJ ffiiLuu(£1;iJ $I 6lJ(!!j£) fD!JjJ ; j!j!Ol5JL G18'tUUJ cYJL9-UJrr ffiUlJf-

w WrT fB!JjJ Gill ®$) jD!JjJ .

cr.rrrrru wrrr'rliiofu (LOrrr'r~UJ~m~u U)!J;TI1UJ m1rf16lJmlJU_Jun ~mLO$~ IilJrr1Pli;~ IilJlJlillrr)!J@9: 9T~W)

19 1.1 LD,TrT"~.v yaO'rriil!G;\ru~..ilrnl!J, @,!6jjl 3"" C~6lJ.1f)i>1J)i;,!6fPJ

':yo\) ~O'L(iJ, Q,!6rr@jj1 23, U8;8ir5J8i1irr 4 0 .. 4 8

(I.flffiWJrnlJ

@riiM!fJJ jli Wi uut 8i ~ eF 88' [!51 Glw rorfI61J (!!jw 8i tt rT"v L£ tt ti 8; rom

u;b;6lUJ 8iL(Eim!T6lIlUJ JJjrTriJW (<>TW &3mriil!$@j <>TLL9-lUW6lIl!Tu516iJ) 1913 Lb c?lbrDlffilJf-GL' alfJ~L <ifmrnmlli;aIillrTlj~UJrr <>TriiM,!D a;&u8; 8i6YTr§fiJUlliiw;ba>rT8i <>T(Y;J$JGwffi. & ~jJjlj8i 8iLG1~rru51riiM cYJlJf-ro6iJ uitt ti 8; rom u;D;6I Q6lJW;61J;jjjlj, G!u®wUT;g)JJLb Gl61JrorfIfJ;rr(£18i&rr <!F G8'rTjJj!j ffilTiva;&rr ~fJmriil!8;@j rorfl6lJrra;8; @j;6l8;@jLb ULlJf-lU&vILfLb @&roft;$I(11jjJCljbrDirr. ~;B'§u LJfijlutSi"v [i/jJjb ffilT"v UL....lJf-UlGv <O"iiILu U L(£1rorrm!JjJ . usrr rT 8;GYv u;iJ;6I UJ 8i L(£1~rru5Jrill @f[)J$lu U@j~ .g)j@J(!!j6lflLUl yrrLm8i[Jwrrw ClufTrT ft;jb;jj$lrrrfiJ8i&rr dilm 8; @jW U@j$1lUfT @jW . ffi ~8;~a> (ljJ6IfI ,!D6IfIUl ilL dlJ~ jb8': 1ii!JjJ 8; a;&; cii 8im@jmlUliijlw ~filrflUJrT a;w -£!J{jJ,§ @!fJJ$Ju U@j$l6lflUl;iJ ,§rr,iJ 8i ettrt a> G@J Q6lJ LlJf- GlILJ(Ei jJ!JjJ rill) LLrr tt 8i ill. !JjJ rr $I rTGYf L@J8'WfT 8i .g)jjJjbu u@jjlmUJ u'i~@Lb Gil@)~1l5L [i/UJ6Vrr jb &&vmwu516iJ @(!!j8;~a /Dw . Birr [J=tlJ, .dl){ jbffi (IjJ!JjGv fJ;8iW &ilfJfT 8;8i6lJ fJ;8irf)6iJ .dl){6iJ6V§)J 6fIJ<5eL8'rTlilJfTjJ$!iu <>TrfiJGBifT IOTW jbrom,§rrG61J858i@!jLW j!ji!itfils6:LL~. ~!fJJjbrTrill <>Tws,@j $J&wriil! [i)(I1j$filjD~: ~cii BiL(Elmrru5J~ a;6IfILmU LJ@jji;Jr&iv, w;iJfD ro!Ol.'fUlrfiJa;Oorrei Q8'rrrill <iMfPl GLJrT8i, 1856Lb ~!Frjr,1(El 'iJu[J6iJ 16tlJ G!Jjjl wrrrT8i<iW lOT rliJ GilBi"v & 8;@j <>T C!cf jllLJ 8i lJf- jlj Iii jl:gwill stt 'fY® 6lJ tr 8' 8i ffi 6lIl !Jj Gw;b G8i,rrw 8irrL..t.q..u5I@jjJGjljrDirr. ~jliv L£rTrT8;rom 1OT(Y;J$!UJjljrrw~:

"Gl~rh..DWiu51~ rffi&vmwGlUlGv6VlTW m@J!FfTlUU GUfTrT @fJ~LfTW jbLm6lJlUrr 8i !OJ ;bUL(Elu urrLL,T6YfI 6lJrT 8;8iU Y!TLfil8;@jU L.51wU61lW g)/~8;Bi @)fTtUuy 'iJ ;DU@WfT <>Trill um jb jJ jbrrrill QUfT [[)Ji>fijI('!J8ifiil,!D!JjJ' ~ULJlJf- !OJ ;Du(£1aLDlLJrr~':L' &&v~UJ ~;D LfjbWfT 8i [i/@j8;@jW". G8'fT!OI.'flO6l8' i>§)J8;@j (IjJ;D(!!lBiji !JjJCl!TfTa>Lb G1a: tueu ji;J iW W , (IjJ ,§ IiV tt Gff) 6lJ tr 8; a> Iii fjjIrill LJ 8;Bi tlJ 8iLiR usrr pSlei

Gil8'w!J)J m(El6lJfjjI.@)Jw @rill!J)J ~,!DrliJ&ilu51('!Jcii@jLb fJ;LlJ!JjJ ~wrDirr

~GJ1I8i@jBiill9 ~mjljjijbfTrill 190 5w ~~(£1 (ljJjli6iJ '--IrfI$~ G18i,rrmm i> jlj61J ;DI~rt BiW.

1918. GID 14

/LIT Toil in rrr'r<i:.oilJ ( ~ IT dlGip t5i1T ~ ILJ rr s5J j).!J r;;Vrw ) lJ}- rfilLJ ti

fD$rflGill 1818w ~~@ GUJ wrrfow 5w GjbfijIUJW.fJ)1 t.5rjD$ forrrT. ~<QlJ1T tl)J jba;uU(~rT ~(!!j GlJ!jl8i@j~IT~rr, ~ YJ,forT; 18241.£ ~iiffiL!/-6v 4G[JrrLLJiiwQLwL W/fJ;!iJ@6v G<'FrT,[tforrrT. @8i@j@WUW <QlJ<'FfijlUJrrGN JiI&vu5lGill @(I!j_djjbtl)J," fDrT a;rfla;u udMurr(El uSl8i$/fJrTtil @®$jb~. ~(~Gill YITLffl UJWUUrTW~LD Qa;rriiffi L,Il.l@Gll. ut-rflUJrflGill g:l_UJrT;P&uu ufifrG'lf!u5lGiJ uli/-u~u (!jJli/-dJ,Il.l t5ijD(!Jj <'FLU.WUJ&uU ulJ}-4a; wrrrT;i;1iiu (!jJ,Il.l66!r;ill urrw uiua;&uM!jla;dJ fij!~w t5ijD@j QUrT66!w uriu$&i!8i$!:pa;tf,fijl2!lw C8<'FrT,[tjbrrrT. ~~cOt> (!jJ8ifilllJwrrliJ ru[TGllrr JJ)fw jbdJtl)J@j~rrwC!Jlw uu5l5iJr(f!JrT. 1841 W ~~ll!-r;;i) uL!/-u~u C!Jlli/-dJ~, flTt.5r;i;!H;[J6rl) jbdJtl)J@j~rT wdJ~,Il.lu u;iJ)ffi ur;ill$&i!8ia;!jla;u ULLdJ@;D@j C8filJ,.mlJ}-1LJ fowtl)J ~lJmiJgffllLf~[J~UJ8= <'FWrTut5i;!iJforrrT. ~;f,ffiB; $rrliiVtf,fj}Gill /fJw$l $(l!jdJtl)Ju C8UiT8;(!Jja;G'If!GiJ wrrrT8itiiiv Q;il£Da;GiJ ru~a;uuLL a;(I!;dJ!!)1C!Jl,ll.liu6l1rrfiJlllJrra; @(I!;;f,forrrt. (ye!!/:g~ QUW6l1rt 6TW uru®w UJ;iJjDrurta;@!)w G<'FrT;jJfij!®;f,jb)' "~Ltl)J<'FlTrfI Q,wa;@ @Jrr@a;G'If!5iJr" (!Jj@s5Jiu UJrrrT8;8rW, QUrT66!~iu ~®B;6OIa;u5l@, GlJ'rt;f,jl(l!;;f,jbrrrt. Q;il£Da;j).!J~LUJ jb,d;~6l1~rTW ;!iJ@ii6I(I!j$~ f1j1Tj;firai (ljJli/-<iil/a;Iff!!J8;(!Jjw y[TL~8iITWrrW (lJJll!-@/ai~@jW 6ll1T ~;jJjbB; (!Jj~w.rt (lJJllJw.fJ)1 <QlJ$jbrrrta;w.

Uiu$&i!8iai!jl8itf,fiiiu ULUj] QU;DjD s,jD@j WrTrtB;tiiiv UrTW fDai(l!;8i@j~ Q<'F5iJr(l!1rt. GUlTrrfflrflUJlTiTuJu u~llJrr ;DjIJGlliTW <016W!J)I tffi&1rrdJtl)Jff,jbrrw ~Iillrt ~rfiJ@j,* Q<'Fw(f!Jrt. ~~GiJ QggrTWW

~ IT IJ' tt riuai dJ fijlw Qa;rr r;;Vr~ eli t.5r ;ilJu IT 8;airr W jbrr eli @(I!;$/fJ!!)1 .

1832iu ~~ iJli~8; o"oulTllJrTurr~%MDu GU[Jrr~tflUJrt

ujbs5Ju5l!ii6l(l!;$~ 08ifilllJ$l," LBrdor(Elw ~$jlju ur;;i)ai&i!8iai!flaidJ~8;® 1836r.ii! ~rQlJrt fir(fl)wt5i ru®@J~jb ~WJUJfir8;ai W!J)lth~s5JLLtl)J. @<.>ITW C8u[JrrfRrfllLJf[iTfilflJ L/®C8~ QUW<QlJrT urrw ucOt>$&v4

ai!fla;dJfijlr;;i) g:l_~1T ;Pai/JldJ/brT jbull!- ~~ 1841 cOt> jljroIDL

Q<'Flllfotl)J· @;f,fou t5J;bC8uiTB;a;rrW Qa;iTGYr~a;u5Iw airr[J6IJIJTwrra;,

uxt ri 8i1iiu ~[TrruJ.#jJ;b ~roIDjDu5IcOt> u=f/flJrr ;bjDGllrrw liT!ii~ jD

ai®th6lJ)jb8i ~a;Ii£iL Gfillromli/-UJjbrruSl/iJ!f)J. ~,[tjb8i a;iTliiVdJfj}cOt>

@Ltl)J<'Frrtfl Q~a;iu6lJ'T jbB; a;®dJ!!)18;aiGYr QmrTwdlu5lcOt>

Q@J@jC8GlJaiwrra; (!jJw(Jw)ffi4 Qa;rrrornli/-®!iJjbw. @j)ffiuurra;

1836w ~~@8i@jU OIw iJliLs5J8; o~urrllJrturr:illD ~67iljDuSlUJ&i!

6lSI usti fR8iai@/W Q urr (lljw(!jJ jIJriufilJ tr jb dJ fii5iJr u8ia; W fir® wUGl/ W

QffirrLrMil~rt. 1841GiJ ~@JlfLw Qurr®w(!jJjIJr;;i)GlJrrjbw

GwGGllrrrfiJfil .£ILLJljI (~filJrT liiT@fiJllLJ fil!Dl:!i~6lJ IJwUJ:!i~m

IJIT!JITWIFW IiiTwjD .fJjJT&vu UrrrT8;ai). l>T~ria:.rTO\':!i j!jfl; §jJ6lJ@rrtmfl;~m (h.ITLU~ IiiTw!f)J jb&i!Ut.5rLL ~@J®6OILflJ .J$Tiu 1843r.ii! QfilJlD'IiJlLJrru51;D{!)I. @!iJffi .[pJTGiJaiOorru u;b,n51 IiiTrfiJ Qa;GiJGiv Ulw~riu sr C!:f ~w (]urr 9)J , ~rooJ@J " jIJOon- ~!J)I th.ffjl .£I(j}Ji;8I UU6M 6lJ rr til @®P,jb67il jb ~filJ [T@Jrt jIJ rr(]w -MWJ LJ<D6I th.ffjl

g:l_6IJIJT[T (]@Jcmrli/-flJ ~@®w" IiiTwjJ)I liiT@fijI@rt. "f1jrrr5ia;w

IiiTGiJGGlJrr®w" (~ffirr6lJ:fJ)l, WrrrT8;roYv g:l_WG'If!L_L @L.ffjl<'Fnrfl

QfWa;r;illGlJrr fijla;irr) , 'g:l_L(]ri/IT o"ourTflJrturr;FimGlJrr fira;<.>ITrr(]~w' , IiiTwfi1(1!1rT IiiTr5iQa;riuroYv. ~;jJffi8; surco dJfijlr;;i) @L.ffjl<'Frrtfl Q~a;riu GlJrT jlai~LW §')Gll 6lSIr01!ftflJrfiJa;lD'IiJriu Qf1j(lljrfiJfi,luSi®$jIJ $.£I[J<QlJrr /fJ

6lJ)[J 6l5fIGip (!jJ j!jGll rr ID'IiJ dJ.ffjl6lJ 6lJ rt 8i a; jiJ fijlw rT ( Jd,rt GipGlJ rr 8ia;w )

Qa;rr(JGllrrm f1ja;,flriu rgyrt et fijlrt B;a;Liflu udJfijitfl67ilai~flJ

;Pf!)Js5JlDMrT. ~jbw QUflJrT Rheinische Zeitung (" 67il[Tdl@<p ujiJ@rflroIDa;") IiiTWUffirT®W (1842 gqWfilJrfl 1 w G/fJiB ~~w (IJJ jbcOt> @~ /Jl QGlJ(itf) tu rruSi;b.fJ)1) . ~ fijlGiJ (!jJ8;fi,l tu s5Jr01!ft UJ ffi rrlDM W ~fiff'luu6lJrta;wrra; @(llj8i@jWUL!/- WrrrT8;8rW y®(J@ QUW@J®W ~6OI!p8;aiUULLrrrt aiw. 1 842 ~B;(]Lrrurt uxt ffiffi~riu

UJrrrT8;roYv ~/bw jIJ&i!roIDW ~fRrflflJ[Jrrfil urrw f1ja;rflii61®.0.ffjl

Qa;rrC861Jrrm fJjai(llj8i@jU Gurr~rT. um ri 8iroYv ~€i'JrflflJ[TrrtU @®!iJjb Gurrtl)J -M$jIJu ujiJfijlrfima;uSlw L/[JL€i'Jai[TWrr6rJT-gqwf1jrrllJa;u (]urr8;@j C8w2!lw GW2!lw Gi6lJfiff'luu6OILllJrruSi;DlJ)J. ~[T 5rrrfiJa;w ~ $ffiu u dJ@tflrooJa;6OI1Ll @[JLrooJLjb /fJ ~B;6lJ)aiB;@j Lb (!jJw(IJlm jD dJ ~~8;roIDa;8;(!Jjw (!jJjIJro6JGiJ g:l_Lu(El~fijI, UljD@j 1843 ggW6l./tfl 1 Lb a ~ fij)UJ~ jJ)I ~~ ffi ~li/-(JflJ rT@ ffiroIDL Q<'F III tl)J .£I(El6lJQ jIJW IJ)J

30

31

(yJ1.1/-@/ Q,q'rilfl;.ffJl. ~jJfl;jJ Gfl;fi,}8>@j (yJwGu I.DfTrT8>GYv fl;1.D.ffJl ~fR.rflUJrT ufl;6l1)~UJ 6l1)L(£i 6l1)1QIJ8i G6lI~JJj-tLJfl;fTu5I;Dff)J. qj,@oill

~6lIrT ~!QlJ1i!l1..JdiJan.L .!!Jf$/hU u;jjjjjlrfi6m8imtLJ8> 8ifTUUfT;Dj1J

(ljJJJj-tLJGi1Ioill&v. 1 843 LDfTrT.#8r WfT j!jj,jjJriu ~.ffJl et:PLUUL(j)l

~LL_fljJ. Rheinische Zeitung orwjD ujJ$im~8i8i® LDfTrT8;6fu

or0:[J$itLJ (ljJ8ifi)tLJWfT6lfr 8iL.(j,l~[J 8iorf/oill g(J/p rt!j)J5lUDlLUUL

(J)i6irfifT~6lI8iG(iirm(Ei8n.L_ ( umt 8>8i : ,lJjJToll U LllUJru) (J LDfTQ,q' riu UWIiiYT j,fl;fT8;~riu fi;!i;JfTL.~a' uu5IrfI(Elw Gi1IGlJ,q'fTu5I8irotfi~ tiI&v~LD~UJU LI;D.a5JUJ 'fiJK'!J 8iL.(El~iTiii6JUJlLfw ordiJGl8i6UtOW @jrD!u O1(El&iJ(5'rT. ufM~)rfI~8i (J,;u00v. ~1!T8'JUJ~iJ QUIT@IiiYTITfl;IT[JjJ .ffJl~jDu5Iriu ._gJf6ll@8;@)U (JUfT§lUJ LlIJl8>8iW ~6U&u (iiT~9)J LDrTrT8; 8r8>@j8; 8i/Tl":_I.1/-UJfljJ. ~GlJrT 2!lIiii6J fl;8> a,~~ffil8i@jJ.ffJlLDrT 8iU UU,iaiJ6lI $)(JIQIJ ey&r $ flJrT ri .

1843w odl!J,~l.1/-oill filiii6JiTL6fufIjrT8> fIj8ilfiio Q8S~~ 6lIrT~ Q6lIGiuLo"oLlfT!QlJW orwjD wffiI(ii6)8irii'SlUJ LDITrT8>r;;W l.DiimW yrfltiJflJfTrT. DlGiT&rru O1[JfTUJ;jjfij}(J(iiI)(JUJ ~6i.JG£i@6lJ(Il)w fIj~UrT8i6ITrT8i @(Il)$ fl;GlJrT 8i m ; WIT rT dish! ustteeteu iT tr 8i @(Il)t1Jffi sureo jJ jjjlG(iiI)G tLJ

@(Il)GlJ@W Wriiffl !L9)JjjJ 'ijluutiJfl;w Gla'rilW®t1JffiriirfTrT. ~6JJiT.ffJl

w&m-6l5JUJrTrT O!iTliiipUJu tSiiTY:b.ffJl6ll 6lIwa'jJffil~ rpjXI!; t.5I;bGUfT8> 8irT6lfr @j(j,lwujJ<OOIfl;8: G8'rT[iJfl;GlJrT. @®LD§l I.DfTrT8;8'J1iN ;1jiii6JLD UJl@rT W8iU c.51jliJUfT8;8ifT<ii1fT 8iLLWiT67)T 1850-58~ c.51iT"'* UJrToGlw !Lm fIjfTL(El .!J)/6mW8ca'iTIT 8i )j)(0.r5fl;,TrT. 1843 OOOovlLfjjjlrT 8iITlQIJjJfijiriu WfTrT8>r;;W UfTrf)~) fIj8i(!!j8;@j8: Gl8'W@fr. ,J)frTG@io@

@G8i (t.5IjDuy 1802, Wiii6JjD@/ 1880; rtfrT WL:~/8'mfJ

GI%JfD5.~fillITjI; 1825-30oill fR~jD6lJT8'W; 1848Si@)u t.5Iw

~[JfRUJ~ 8irr[T(i'l5MdiJ8i@!j8;8irTa; fIjIT(El8iL:bfl;uULLGlJrT; 1 866-

708;@jU Ulw L5k;ivwrTrT 8;fil~ ~fl;[TGlJIT6YTrT) orroMUGlJ(!!jLw (J8'rT.r5fljJ $oGl[JU GUT 8;@j6YT"IiiYT ~ 8'§ri:6m8i~1LJ GlGlJ6IfI JljiTLlJf-oill

GlGlJrotfiu51@GlJfl;;b8ifT8ij_;jlJfTW I.DrT rT SiGi!J UrT rfi&8;@jU GUfT@rT .

Deutsch-Franzosische Jahrbiicher (' 'Gli']?rtww-t.5IQ[Tr§& ~li"W(El5 8'~8'J~8i") (iiTw,!D )j)[iJfl;5 8'~fR~8iu51w (IjJ jlJriu @fl;/P LDL(ElLb fl;fTW Q6lI'iirflUJrru51;D9)J. Q@?rTwr;,N,u5Ir.ill @iTS>8?iILlWrr8i ._gJffijjlJ# 8'e,ri:6m8imlLl s-ElGMlGUJrT a;w Qa'rilGlJfiji,;5i®.rJifl; 8>6$Lffiiflw airT[J~LDfT 8i@/w. @CiaiI1.fLW 5.®ffi.ffJlCiGlJjJff)J~/..£ !OJ ;bULLffiJ~

8irr [J ~ LDfT 8i6lJ W ,J)f fij fl; 8: 8' r§fFi~8i rffi 9)J ffi fl;u U LL ffP . 2!lI fiji riu

WiTiT8i<il1J GlJ6miTJlljlJ 8>L(El(ii6)[T8>W ~6lIrt 6J;DQ8i<ii1fTGGlJ 'if(!!j

Lf[JLfFil1..Jrr6YT[JiT8i bj;(!!J[iifl;fTrT IOrWU~jIjS, 8>rrLl.1/-w. "GUfT[JfTLL_

(!/l(iil)Lb i£JLIlrT8'WW"ll Gl8'tVUJ G6lIGiirr(ElLb, "j9LuDlriu W®JB.ffJl eu ®1i! jlJ et oilllDlJ rr GlJ ,rb~ j!J ILf ill F1'i£J [J 8; 8iu51~ ;Dl Gi1I WrT 8' W ii: Gl8' til tLJ G6lI<am(Elw". sr ~ !J)J ,J)flill rt GlJ tt $J tb jljIT.rT . G1UrT~ ~Ib.

UrTLLrTOO rurTlI)IJ;ff>~Ii.@)U:; (JGlJ",m@G$.rrtiiir ro(EiffiffirrrT.

1 844 Gl8'ULwurt uxr fl;§Jfij}iu UlGlrrQLmSi IOrffilGl8iivroiv

8?l(iil) fIjrT L8i6Yr ffiriil(§ 611 ffi jD® lOT ~ ff)J U tt rfi&8;@j 6ll.rJi fl; tt ti .

~.ffJl (lJJfl;(iiI)rrril ~GlJrt uurri 8;?/m &Lu5I®Si@ju,[JfTW fIjmru[Jrr~rt. UrTrfi8?lr.ill @®JB;!b y[JL?/8i[JS, (~!K!:f!S,8irotfiw Q8irr.rJifl;GYf)uurrm

,J)fW(ii6)jDlLJ 6llfTl:P~riu @(06l1(!1jLb u518iffi $@ll}"wrr8iu uffiI(§

Q8i'HirjMLrr.rT8itiiir. (2!lI~fIjrrliilflr.ill y®CZfl;rr,m),w (Jurrfl;&M fRjDu

UfTfiirff (yJa;filUJffi.ffJl611w Qu;D,r6l(0~fl;.ffJl; 1847r.iv QGlJr;;yf)fiill.rJifl;

Gh£IiIUJl!51m1m 6\I.q)JOTlW m;NjD fl;LD!JjJ IW.illlG(iiI) wrrfT8i~

{jiii6J ;!b di ;!b 8irT j_; Q ffi p51 JB flJ rr ti ) . @jLIS/- (IjJ fl; (iii) /T(iirfl j,.ffJllill G8' rr~

6&8' j,$J0r uriu(6119)J GUfT fl;&r 8i® ffi $@lrrwrr8i lOT iflrt di~u

GUrTrT Lfrfl.rJifl;LlI.1/-GUJ ~lillrT 8i6Yr Lf[JL8?l8i[JWrTW UrTLLrTIDl

6\1 r'r1i>9> ~rTOlt>.m1If~~rir ~riuiQ!J.ffJl 8iw!M,~8' :bffiJ~ (uxt tr Si8?lUJtb fj)m) ~j,~GlJ:b6mfl;I1.fLb GurrrT j,jIjJB$I[Jriil8i®ILfW &L(0fiillfT s,fil@rT

8im. .JVoll ULllUJro1oll 1844-48 a;rTiQ!Juu@)fiji~l1..J8: CZ8'rTJBfl;

LDfTrTS,fi)~ .fl)frriu8i&ru urrrr8ia;. t5J[J~1Ll ~[J8'rrffil8iffijjJw

ii6iLrruUllS/-UJrrw G8irTrflSi~a;uS!w (]urfiriu um ti SiGi!J ~rt odl!J,u;jj

fl;rrw Lf[JL8?lUJrr~rT IOrW!J)J 184 5riu urrmGiu fIj8irfi~(0JB:!fJl

j9rr(El$Lffij!juULLrTrt. ~GlJrT UlrrGiuGl<il1Jivsh! j98i[Jw GLlmiui: (J8'rT.rJifl;fT.rT. 184 7 6lI8'~ffi aifT(iiI);h$lriu wrrrTSi8rW ~diJQ8iiv8rw , 'a;w!M,~Giu(El8irotfi.w .;;S 8;' , IOrW f!J ~[J 8i&'lILlWrr(i1JT DI[J 8:8'I"f[J a:ffila;ffi$;6U G8'rttiJ~rrrT8i6Yr. (r;;lJ",mLGiJr wiTfIj8irf/iu 1847 fIjlillWUrT LDfT flJj_;fj;i1iiv fBLjr,fl;) ~8:,q'ffil8ij,jlGiJr @rrGiirrLfTW GU[JrrlLJj_;jlliiv

W(!IjGlJ(0w t1iI8i (yJs,&iJUJWfTW Ur5J® Q8irT~(El, ~5a:diJ8ijJ

WroM Gfiillrom(El(]8irrG>tfl~ (]urf/r.ill Lf8i/P QujDjD ILLb~Iiitl(ij1io

ILLHl ~;:61~UJ ~U:f'fiI (lJJJJj-jJ ;!b6lfrrT . ~~ 1848 L51U[Tfiillrfi

WiT ~iJffiriu G,;u'iirfllLlrru51;D!J)J. @JBffi J51Triv wrrG/..£iii6J fl;Si@jrfllLJ

Gil ffiliilfl@/L~Lb Gu®jr,ifI j1J(ii6)WILfL@lfW fj)(I!J yffiJUJ &L1DlJ8iSi

8iromG~LLj,rn fl; Gl1IGlJrfl8;$) f!J~; 8'(ljJjlJfTlLl GlJrT 1:P'"'I:95

!JjJrn jDrnUJ ILfLb ~~ ffi.ffJl ffiJ ;D®w (yJ[J(i'I5M .rb,!D Qurr (0w(IjJ fl;riu eutt fl;t.D. fiillliiYTrT8:?/",O)UJu ujJ,aJ!UJ u51a;Gljw'!::P(!£J~wtLJrTm ~JB~

Gurr ffi&r 1Ll.'TW @ILlSi$Gi1IILlr.ill , 6JJ rt S,8i u CZurr [JfT LL j_;~ ffiu

ujiJ;D/lLjw. LffiJ'ILl. a;wIf:l,6I1f)8' 8''!::P~rrUJ:bffil~ U~LUUrTdJ

IOTmfi) jD 6JJ ~ 8iu51oill U tt LLfTr;;yf] GlJ ti 8;8i j, film- &L (iii) 8i es [J IQIJrr ;iJ 9)J

32

3-469

33

(!JJ8;fillll,dJ~6l1W 6l1rTlllfljj1j, Lj[J LfiI<'f>[fLDrTrW UrT ;iJiJi[f ,ffJ'ii6lj1ju UJDpSi ILfw ~'ii6lLDjJj1j ~(IIj j1j,dJ~6l1W ~$JlU'ii6lrOU !iJ$j1j IiLriV<'f>8; 8i~ (]I@LLfoiJiriv ~LrliJfillll~liill.

1848 r5!u[J6l1rfJ Lj[JLi?! (!,P~L (]UrT~ wrTrT8;1iiiv GluGiV

g§llLJ;bjl..DI®jJ~ fljrT@<'f>L,dJj1jUULLrTrT. ~6l1rT Umfl8rd;@j;iJ

iJi®wr..5I 6l1jJ~, WrTrT#8r LDrTj1jU L..{[fL ... J1/8;@jU r..5I/fJ@j ~rliJ

fiI(I!J~~ GltJSrT W6lJf)8;@j, Gl8iITGriVITW flj a;@8;@jU (]UrTI@rT. ~ffiJGa; 1848 gg@~ WIT j1jw (!JJj1jrivGj1j§lu5lG£)@~~ 1849 Gw u;iJ Glj1jlTwuj1jITW Gj1j§lrOU~[J Die Neue Rheinische Zeitung

("LjiJilU 'ii6l[J~r4 u,dJiJirf!'ii6l8i' ') 6TW/fJ u;iJ§lrfJ'ii6l<'f> COI<SlJ6rf)

lUlTfillU~. LDrTrT8;liiivj1jfT~ ~j1j1iiM j1j&urnw ~i?!rfJlLJrT. 1848-

49w ~roW@a;riIf!Gv jliL~/lJ Lj{JLfiI jJ8iY;JCFfi)a;CiYf)~ GUIT8;(!!j

riJuyiJilU j1j,ffJ~rOU,dJ67ilj1j wa;# i?!jJJrtj1j (!JJ~jJJuSlriv jJ®LJifo~

IiL [f)J ~ uu@,dJ@lllfffi . ~G j1j au IT riv ~8;8i1T 61J W (!JJ j1jriv IiLriV <'f>

jlilT@8iI/ilT&1rr ,dJffiliWW jJa;!P~j1j UrTLLlTriIf! 6l1rT8;a;, ~liiMjlilTllla;

riJlU8;a;rE:ia;1iiYT 67<OUGllfTW d)f'ii6lj1j GlwuJur..5lji,~ ~[f)J~Uu@;iJ~I1..J6IT 0irT1DM. Gl@1JDpSi Glu;D/fJ 6T ffilrTULj[JL/i)IllITWrT a;1iiYT (!JJj1j..DI<OU uurri 8;1iiiv UJ~ ;JjffilUJ~ /fJ,dJfi/riv 6l11.f18;@j,dJ COl j1jfTL[J ffi §jfT~IJ1-@lL....LlTrTa;W (1849 LJi0[J<SlJlfl 9w (]j1jji 1iill1.f18;@jffij1j..rrwuuL{3 d)f6l1rT @I~8;a;UUL....LrTrT). LJijJJ(!!j ~<SlJrT QmrTUJrorrf!u51..D1(!1jrt~ (1849 (]UJ 1 6w Gj1j~IllW [f)J) fljfT@8iL%j1jUUL....LlTrT. WfTrT 8;taiv (!JJj1j..DI<ou UrTrfI&8;@jcF Gl8'w(lIJrT . ~rliJGa; 1 849 8J®w 1 3 W (] foffil

jliL~f!J ~rTUUITLL;b~8;@jU r5!w@Gv t..S,,-m-@w f!jrT(£iBiLffi

j1jUULLrTrT. c5!jJJf!!j d)frOUrT riVfJWLW jJja;®8;@j Iiill/JjfolTrT .

wrnjJJ':;I6l1uJ~w f1j1T..rr6l1'ii6l[J d)f6l1rT GllGJWL~GGll(]lLJ 6l1rT!P$~

1iill$,SblTrT .

~[Jfi)lLJ!ffJ!J8;<'f>ITa; jliIT@a;L$,SbuUL....@ d)frOUrT <SlJ'TljJf!j;'b IiillfT/jla; rna; ma;lDlIw <'f>{367ilWlUITIDM fffi. (1 913 Gv QIiill6rf)lLJrTIiiM) WlTrT 8;1iiiv,

67rE:iQ a; rivtaiv a; UJ-,Sb u r] UfT 8; f!!j6l1 [J ji, fffi @67il ,Sb;b Gil jbrilf!<SlJ tt a; 8;

a;ITL(£ifiljD~. wlTlTa;&w d)f6l1rT f!!j@wuffijirW(lljw Q<'f>1T1J1-1ll

611 D)Jrnwu5iiiiJ &its;1i);b fffiw UU ULLIT tt a;w . .67rE:iC01 a;rivtaiv WL....@W j!jWliiMriVW!J)JUYLrUr 6TuGUfT ~lb UfiW 1P_,SbsBJ Q8'uJ~ Qa;m;Mrr]L @®$ji[TfTii;B!LLTiv UJrTrT8;"ru ~<i\l~ORto 67WjJJ jJiJT&v 6T(!:pfifJ

(ljJUJ-ffiji(I!J8;<'f> (!JJLSJ-lUlT t#1 <iT~U~ WL....@WGvriV, ,sIJG!lIrT 8;8i

(!JJlJ1-lUfT fouUJ- ~<SlJrT liill[f)JrnWlllfTGitJ UJLl)...$fiJI(l!JUUIT,rT. (]w!ffJ!Jw

@iLIJ1- (!JJfoliilJrT6rf)jb~<SlJU aUrT 8;@j'ii6lLlU a8'fT~6£)8' fofiJl~, GlUrT tl)J6l1rT 8i(]<SlJ UIT LLrT6rf) curt 8;a;# 8'IT ti U JD/fJ (]8' rr~6'6J8' ffijj:w

aUIT_g>Oar$~W ;'bji,~<OlJU GUrT8;@ja;~W ~~8;,J;ib Q8'§J2JffifiJI 611 tiJj!j rffi&v'ii6lwuSlw LDrTrT 8;taiv ~rT !iJ67ilLlLJ@fo, fHi6i[T 8; a; w;DID aUrTrn[J jJjL:!Jfi/8; Q$rT~LSJ-(llj8;@jWULSJ- $1rTUurtfijl8;BiUULLrTrT;

fi'J1iiIJ 8'LDlllr1iJ$rilflGitJ j!jw8;COIa;fifJ[JrTliiM u51$'iil{w BirTL@t..f){JIT~

Ll)... ffi f!j IDM UJ tr IDM , Gl@1pSi,eiJ fo!ill LDrT IiiM ;'brul UU LL (Yl67il IDu5iriV IT rW

;'bIT 8; f!!j,sIJiDa;OsrrlLfw (Herr Vogt) d)fliillrT (!;ppSilllllj-8;a; GliillroWlJ1-u51(11j$ fE~' d)f[J fi!1ll~8;8irT s. jBrT@ 8iL:!J;'bUUL@WWliillrT8irilf!W 6l1L Lm;rrfi.J<'f>6rf)6£)(lljjJtfJ/ ~tfJ/rliJffiJ @(IIj$~ Q$,rT~@ LDrTrT 8;taiv f!jLD~ QUIT (I!J W (!JJ _g>iD@JfTjbffi jb ffi tfJ/6l1 ffi 67il fE @J[JriVrTJDD)J (YlMi) III ffi!!JI@J W 6l1rTuJ~jb U6I! .fWTGva;riIf!<OU12 (UrT.rT8;8i; ~olJ UI':'IlUJolJ) @l6l1rfJffi

fE IT rT ; d)f[f fi'JlLJ6c QUIT ®w IT ;'b tt {J ffi 'ii6l j1j ~[J tr uJ ~!!JI ~;D!@J ffilGiV

C!f! ;'b IiiM rn uuutt a; th jIJ W!!JI (!;P lLJ ;D ma;oo I'l'@u(j)iffiji eu ~ /b IT ti .

@ ~ /b sBJ t§§ tt IiiM ji,'ii6l ,sIJ UJIT rT 8;<Di1; Lj [J L_fj)a;{J LDIT IiiM j1jlT 8;filreJrT

(" LDrrrT8;filliiM GUrT~~" 6Tffi&i);V U@ifbi'ii6llLJ8; gal; UrTrT8;a;).

""'(JitUJolJ QUrT@jlilTrr~rTlJl.b u!h;D!UJ oUlWrTifOROlJm(Jli:.@j4'

G'lif~~~1.b ~(:!) u~® ( 1 859) iiiTW /fJ .IJj!T<OU 6l11Tu5iliilJrT <'f>'iil{w, e!P0\l~ to ((!;p jIJ<OU Gl jIP@j$: , 1 8 6 7) 6TW /fJ jJiJT iI: eu rTu51 GllIT a;Wf W @rnJlicF CO!8'tUjIJrrrT.

1850- 60 6l1C!!JLrfi.Ja;6rf)1iiM @D)JfifJ8; a;LL(LjJLD 186 0-7 08;~W @'ii6lLUUL....L a;rTriVa;I'_L(!pLD tgGOrjlilTlU$ @lU8;a;rfi.Ja;w Ljji QfE@#fii Glu;Dj!J ~roW(j)i8iillrT@jlD . ._m'ii6l6l1 UJfTrT8;'ii6l8' LDD)JULSJ-Il.fW f1j(Q1»L(!pm jJJ @lLJ8;8i G6l1&tia;rilfliv l'l'(£iu(£iwuLSJ- GlgctiJfoliiM. 186 4iIJ (Q8'ULWUrT 28w GfofiJl) !OV:iilfMLW f1j8irf!iIJ "8'ITIiillGJli8'ffi GlfErTySlriVlTOirTrt 8'ffiJa;w" -@!!JIfE,TW Lja;!:i' Qt...J;D;V C!f!/b61JrTliill~

~iiJGllW - jJ,!J)IGl.JUULL~. WIT.rT8;1iiiv @8=8-r!iJa;~$Jw ~JliUJ

WrT$IOlfW ~WWrT6l1ITa;'iil{w G!lIwrfi.JfilreJrj-. ~j!jw C!f!/bGG

~;D1~UJ41.b iiiTofflVWM;D;V jrTwrTGOrr!iJa;oolLfw, t.5J{J a;LGOrrfi.J

a;&rrlLfw, Qa; rT..rrma; III ;D!8;'ii6la;<'f>&rIl.fLD ~6l1rT /b,TW @J<ii1ll{J$jIJrTrT. Uiv(]liillj[)/ jDrT(£ia;GlfJIiiM GjIJnySlliilJlTWrT ~lLJ8;a;ffi67il/b ~ ,!J)Iu(j)iji ifilLfLD (UJrr~~. Lj@GJljITW, u8;an.rulw. ~,rE:i1i:1OlJ1T $ffil!ffJ!JwW' t..f) /b6l1fT jIJfo CO! JlirT ySlJD8'ffiJ8i6l1rT ;'b W, QtgrT LD6lJf)u5JGv IOlJliiivrsrvrTGiV <Ol..IITfifJa;riIf!r.AA- GlJIiilJtfJ/8'lTifJu u8;a;UJ.'TGOr =8'riVrrLLr!iJa;w (!;Pj!j6l!1T1iiM) UrTLLrT6'Ifi euti' 8;$ rf'fijlu51GitJ ~67ilUJUJrT jIJ, UJlTrT 8;8r8:;«!) (!p~jf11ll G8'rT~,,"'i)8' jbfijlw LJrivG6l1[f)J @J1lj-@Jrfi.Ja;&irr8; an.L,:E1 f1jLIiillIJ1-8;'ii6la;U

UIT <ii1ll jIJu5) GitJ COI8' IllGv@JySluu(f)l:!JJlj cyJlll JDfFI,ffJ!!JI W • @ ~,1b U

t51rfJlDlI8iW, GLJrT 8;(:'Jja;w ~€ilUJ 11) ,7 rOU JD;r5Iw Jljji:JjJ<OlJrliJa;&r

<iT@rTffitfJ/U GUrT[JfTIlj-I1..JW, uGitJGGl.JD)J jlifT(£iBirilf!.@!JW IiLWW

34

35

GljhfTy5)rilJrT<iIfI ~rT8i8iU Urn._:_LfT<iIfI GU,T[JrTLL:iJ@;n®rf)UJ ~G[J LD.Tfij)rf)llJfT~ C3urTrT ffijh;jjw[Jr5J8i&r WfTfT 8i~ !L(If)~fT 8i$)~.rj-. ufTIfiroiv 8iwJM,rir IDI1,pMillLj,rDjD<i6lfD (1871) ~@:iJ§)Iw - ~8i8iW JM,Bmu u,rD,ill! WrTfTai6YV u5Jai6ljw ~iJlWfT8i6ljw, Gl:ffiLLffi Gl jh6'lfl611 tr ai"'l L£ , ~uu,rD jD611<i6la;u5!.@llw ,ulJJmuSlli.lI.;'!lrrm Y[J L

m8i r;r U U@j:iJjhfT[J iTlum@) ~6'IfI ffi:ffifT rT (l 8 7 1 6iJ Gl 611<i1f1611 ;jj jh

t51l}fTml'i1<ilJ ~m-~fTl'~IJ ClUfTlT IiTGirrjD .@Trii6lSiJ)-u4a;,_!OIiAw

611 fT fijJai 6Tr c!:p jh sotreu §)I .,§)!/iJrilJ :iJ'Ocrl jh u t5ICi'IT 6lj u(£J ffi W IlJm jh

.,§)!(£Jffi~w ~'#8'iJ8iW ~G[JfTUUrT~6iJ r,jk!!Juu§)I em ffifijJllJu9riIJ

OIJiTlIJ,rDGUfTuJ);n[f)J. (187 2SiJ) Gf.UD8i /9ailf)w /9L,rjj/D .,§)!jhw

a;rTriil$)lf &4®u c.51)lJ® WfTfT 8i6llJ ~ffi,w QUrT ~4 @j@<i6l@1

(GltJ?fiiiff[JriIJ ai"'lwm6iJ) jlJM,llJfTrt4 ffiai(04@j WfT,rDjD !OJ;DUfT(EJ

Gl 8' uJ ,2j tr rt . (yl ,2j 611fT 611 ~ .,§)!&:l611W jh~ §)I 611lfrilJfT ,rD.fl)J c!:p8i/iJ11J ffi g)J6JJ W 611 tt 1iJ;jj jh U rt ffi fjj:[J ffi m jb $lrDlSl jDG611 ;D ,ill!@lLL!Pl . !L 611 8iI .@llww COTrilJriilJrT !!ifT(EJ8i<ilfl.@llw GljhfTy5)GilJfTwrt [j)1lJ8i8iW .,§)!Ci'lTr£iLjJ ailfillJ c!:p'Ocrl jDuS!6iJ LDrTGlU(I1jW 6lJWrT ~&iJ QU[f)J6lJ /D,rD8iITfiiiff a;fT611U u@jfijl4@j ~g)J 6lJy5JGaifT,;£iGl1/LL~. [j);jjjb8; a;rTriilJuu@jfijl !L1iffi rDISlWuS!GriiIJ Q ffifTy5151JrTwrt ~UJ8;8iW ruhi1IiU~Lr§~ ~Ci'lTrT!!iffi a;fTGilJuu@jfijlllJrT@jW; ,2jrul,di fDrul C3jh/j)UJ ~[J&U u@jffi'ai<ilfldv gbIl}.rFr~ G8'fTGI'J'rii6l8' GljhfTy5JriilJrTwrt 8iL&iJa;w $l.fl)J611UUL..L a;fTGilJUU@j$rUJrT@jw.

~/iJGilJffi@6iJ w,Trt4<iiYv ~;D,ill!1lJ a;(£JrDISlwUJrT6M u~ll_fw,

~mjh66iL8i a;(£JmwUJrTai ~~rT jbffi!Pl~ffi ~rDISljDuS!W ~jJ,ill!UJ u~a;Cf!!jw ~~(I1j<i6lLIlJ !LLGtJtffi?svmUJ .,§)!lSJ-GUJrT(EJ U611@6MU

U(£:ffifjj:Gl1/LL~. ~~rT ~[J&iJUJriiu GlUfT(If)WfT jbfT[J :iJ~8i@jU

Y;b!Pl(l1j ~WI;bj!(£!LiJ U~rDISlUJ'4W ~61l;2)~w .fljJ7&u 1iT(!lJ@

(ylLJ1-8i@jW u~mUJll_fw Q,2jrTLrT;jj~ 1'?i8'uJ§jJ GllairTliffilSJ-(I1j$jbITrT. ~611 jJ [f)J8; a; tt a; !OJ [J tt W WfT ~ 4 fijJ UJ m611 [J r5.J a;&r ,# G 8' a;rfI ffi ,,;1)fT ti ,

U6lJ GlwrTy51a;&rTu (liT(hlffi~48irTL..LfT ai. (06iq>1lJ GlwfTy51ml1J)

uuJ)wt!)J ~$jhfTrT. ~~GtJ ~611[J!Pl GWrT8'WrTfiiiff !LL6iJfo)?sv

~Iill~m-w ~rr&v (I::P(.I1J<i6lW Q8'u'lUJ C!:P1SJ-llJfT jbuLJ1- jlj@;b!Pls61LLf§I.

1881w ~~(EJ lSJ-Q8'WUrT 2w Gjb@UJw.fl)J ~611®mL_UJ

w8mGl1/l1JrTrT 8ifTOIJUJfTf@rT. 1883 WfTfT8'& 14w (JfDffi'UJw.fl)J !JjfT ;D8irT,;£iu51SiJ 8'fTu'lji)jb611fTGjD ~<i6lL£fijl(JllJrT(EJ WfTrT8i<iiYv fj)UJ;iJm8i IiTllliJi~rT . W6~IfILrul~ww <i6lf.UDG8iL ~CEJ8ifTL..ul-','u ~GlJrT ,"hw LIJ&rr66/u5Iw 8iSuIiill<ill jD8iaiQ1j(Ja; ~GlJ[J :f!jJ 8'L6J) ib ~L_8ia;Lb GiJ8'IllIlJUULL:f!jJ. rilJ<dMLrullOiJ Gll8irTLJ1-UJ 611.fl)JmWllJfTSu ~611rT

36

®(£JWU ill ~GvGiIJ iW ;iJ jD a; tr GiIJ Jb fijJw WrT tr 8i&iJ<ill (§iJl;jJ<i6l jlj ,q;Gtfiriv

mrilJ iiljDji):f!jJ GUfTu5I<OIfr. eYJ<illt!)J Yjhivs61llJrt ~nil8ilG6lJIlJ,

t51Gl[Jr5& G8'fTGI'J'6l5IroivCEJa;&r LD=~§)I Glla;rTliffiL6MrT. @uYjljw r£illJrT 6lJ®WrT t!)J: GTG'6lIlJGf@rT rD]6iJG'6lfliJ. QGilJW[TrT Sl!o"oUfTrT 8>, QtJ?wrul GllGilJfTriilG8i. GlltJ?wrul QGilJfTriilG8iuJ),w LD8i,w t51Qcnf!j&

G8'fTGI'J',;£iroiv(£J8; 8iL8hl/<ill ~r5J8i;iJfij:~[J'rT 8i [jJQ1j8;8iI@rt.

WfTrT8;m,w 8i(lf)Jb:f!jJ8;8iGTr, GUrTjbamaiW ~Lr5J8il1lJ C!:P@Jb

QjbfT@juGu IDrriTli;l'i1lJJw. 19w .@T,rDC!!l<dM1SJ-riiu eYJ<illt!)J (yl8;

fiiJllJWrT~ jbJbg)J6JJU GUrT8;@j8iW [jJQ1j~jlj~. ~m6JJ w~jlj

(§rilJ:iJ@w u98i'"'lw (yJwGfiiiff;DjDwmLji)jb eYJw.fl)J ffirT(£J8i&T8c

G8'IT;jJjbm6JJUJIT®w. ~<i6l6JJ, fYJSI!8omjDuyGiiTCi'IT G1p?rTw<ill jh:iJ

g)J611®fT<OIfrW, eYJGiIJ#&iJ)lJuy'iiirCiJT ~.iJfiiJGrilJUJ ~[JmllJw QurT(I!j eatt jbrTlf W, GllUfT ~611'T 8i t51Gl[J§&U yr;rL&iJu (]u,'T jbam 8iCf!!jLrN @&Wji)jlj r51G1[Jr5& G8'fTGI'J'6l5I8'W GHiMUG15TGlJrTw. @ji)j!j eYJwf')J jb~~611U GUfT 8;(§8i&rlLjW Gll,"hfTLIT;jjg)J ~[JfTu'J~§jJ, ~6)J;iJ ,aSijD@j (yl@rJi)mjD'"'I ~rDTfJ;b,2j awm jbjbl'TW WrTlT 8;!iiiv. usarr 8iiiJ<ill a;(f1j;b g)J 8; a;w @j,ill!uoiLJb/D8;a; (ylm jDuS! w (yl [Jrom ,ID jD j!j <ill rDISlWILj W (y!(!lJm wll_f W Q u;D pSI® U U<ill6)J . ~GlJ [J §)I COT fijJ rf) 8i <OIT a;,_L_ [jJ<i6l jb ~Uy8; Q8iIT<OIT8iI<ill jDii1JTrT. @J5jb4 $(I!j;b!Pl4$W (y!(!lJ6lJg)JWI'T 8i# G 8' ti ;jJ~ ,2j rT<ill !JjGlJ ii1JT a;rT SI! j iJi UJ Q UrT C0 w(yl jb W 611 tt jb W,'T a; "'I W ffiGUfiiiff 8ifT'il!ffi@UJ s61r§®rT~ G8'rT~v£l8'wrT8i6ljw ~<iillw;jJg)Jw CiJTii1JT. ~@Js6Ir;rliffi(£Jw !LGilJ8iI.@ll<OITCiJT ffirT 8i,fl8i !!irT@8i'iiTflGll6lJwGtJfTW Q jbfT ySlw .'TCiJTrT @ IlJ 8; 8i j iJir.m- jb ffi f§lGlJ W IT 8i 6lj W G6JJ&v Jb iJiLL LD tt 8i "'I W @ai/:pfi!WjDfiiiff . et 6lrlG611 , WrT ri 8; filllJ Jb fijJ<ill (yl j!j<ill m LiJ UJ trss: !L6TrCiJTL8,8iWrT fiiJllJ WfTrT 8;fiIW QUfT@WfT,1lJfT[JU GUfT j!j&MmUJ r;;Ui,fljg)J<i6l[J.3;@j (ljJWliil5rrT, ~@j[J!Pl ~GilJa;8i 8i~G@Il)L..Lj<i6ljhU u;b,aSi GllUfT g)JuumLllJfTii1JT 8iL@<i6l[JmUJJb jL.L GGlJ6'6rrr1SJ-1lJ

$L<iillW ~W.3;@j G]" ,IDUL(£J<OITCiJT g)J.

1844 -4 5 ~1iffi'~8; 8ifTGiIJ;iJ!5<w WrTiT 8;fi!W 8i(l!jJbg)J8;8iW

.2..C'!J6IJW Qu }iJf!JGIff. ~8;8ifT611W c!:p,"hw ~6JJrT ~(I!j QUfT(f1j6Tr

37

c!;pflJiuGlJrrfbi; ~6lJrt ®,!Drl~LJrrlL{w ~LJ,;{j!8, o~urrUJrTLJ'T~ I5TW LJGlJ~[TU OJwu,dJp5J@r-r. O~LJrrUJrTLJrrfiM]5lw QUIT(i!jGTr0:PflJGvriillrr flJW GLJ'T~LDrrW ~rW'6'lj8;® (lJl[T~LJrr~w;6Iu~w C!;P(LjJ~LD 6T1iJ@lLfw

@0j8,o$GlJIiu&! 6TWU~ WL(ij,cgLD o~urr/lJrTLJrr%J!fflr;,ir LJfijJj6J1w

wrT®Glww.fl)J OJ,dJo$m"lJ;jJfbi~tliJanL LDrrrT8;S;V o$(!!jfbi~rt.

Gl%!!D8i6l9r.;fir o$(!Ijffi~(ljJfBiuGlJrr flJiB@'06)0j$~ LDW ffi ~~w

tLfLW QflJIT LrT6lIlLJ ~!J)J;b~8, Qo$fTG1ffi(Jjl Qurr0jw(YJflJiu riillfT/!J;biiWljIi o"oUfTUJrTUfT~ OJ[TIJ>L6!ifW Q8'tlljlJrrrT; @:iJ,2}U GlU'T0)WCL+flJGv6lJfT fDW "<iJ ,dJQIJ>IiiJTGGlJ UfijlQ6!ifLLfTI£ JljJT ;D({f1ram IifGv, @j;6lUUfTlJ> r51[TfTwfiliu, ~Wf!)J @,0j$~ 6lJ$fD ~[TfilUJoill

tffi .fl)J6lJ ~T.il lJ>?fiitflL{ rlc • • • Lll flJ;b~ ,2) IL{ W @6lIl,ilJa5IUJ&uILfW LD L(£iW

lOT§lrr;b~u GurrrT Lfrf/;jj~ Q8ifTram~(l!j8;IJ>6l5JG'v&u; Gw.,@llW ...

sreeeott {i/UJ8;c'hWf!)JULJ {i/UJ&uILfW" (" rffiffifTfiMU LfiBfijltLfWW

flJiB~6lJ§ITIiiJTW" IOTr.;firu§l'06)0j$~ fijlLL LlJfT a; G6lJ!J)JULliJ-0j8;

@jwuLi/-UJrr6!if "GUfT6lIlflJGUJp5JUJ flJ;jJ~riill 6l5J8'IT[TW" I5TW,ilJ

~JtiB,2};jJ6lIlflJiB flJlTW @~ @tliJG8i ®p5J8imjD.f§J) "l5TfbirTffi.f§J

~.f§J GUrTrT LJrf);jj~ Q8ifT@r~(!Ij;1Jf!J~". (Literarischen

Nachlass (" @fijJj8i&i)UJU U~LULf8iGiT") IOTW jD 8'~iilGlfIa;a5Idv yml~ffi @)(i)lbu;:trn~u UfTrT 8,0$.) ~$:Gv flJlTrir o~UfT/lJrTUfT %J!ffIw 6lJ[TfijJj'T ;D!J)J.j filjDULfWW "8'8ifTuflJo$[TLDlT6!if" C!;P8;&i)UJ;b~6lJLD IJ>rr<;)ljOf 8imL8;§1jD~ 1OT6W fJ)J LDrTrT 8,6Yv o$(I!j§l@rT. "Gl%>lDIJ>.2Jll8,@j ... m,·ri)fD&Ta5Iw @/lJ8;8iU GUfT 8,® I5TWUfl)J - .ffJIJ!j;D@j '8i(f!jffi~' 1OT6W!!)J QUUJrT @!>LIlJ- ~~/fj Vi(!lj 8i-GUJ!FG6l8'UJITW Glu.'T(l!jrW'rro$ g)_(!!jLDIT jJ;6I GlJI@w ~WGlJ8,@j Q,@D8iGv Q8'w.fJ)I6l5J(£i&iJ({f1rT~8i 8i (I!j ffiG flj fiT ffilT ti ffi ffi gJ_ fijJj&i)w U 6Jj)LULJrr,.,f) W jJ [f)J W {i/UJ jJ f!)J (JriillfT@c'h @(f!j8,mjD~... IOTrOW~U QLJrr(!lj~ffi 6lJ~[T ~flj,dJ@j

LDrr@o$, 8i(i!j;Jifl)J IOTWU~ wg,§j W6!ifffifbioill r51[Tfbiuo£Iffi~.j

m jJ f!J&"OTa5IrOW rill Iiflill.il a; WIT IJ> a: (i!j fill W Q U J)I W QUIT (:'1; IiiITIT UJ flj

gJ_fijJj8iGw fljro8l[T G6lJ[f)J 'Or!JjJliilfwoillfijJj" iiT.M!!)J WfTrT8i6Yv 'Or(LjJfbi~rT, (tyJ!ill;")6MW, GlffifT®fijI 1, ~[TG1ffiLfTW ujluL5!rir c!;pW@)JiiWl[T.) LD 'T rT 8;filw ~ $ ffiu Gl UT (l!jw (fJJ f!jGvIill tt jD ffi flj;Ji fl)J1ill r§ IT W iB 6lIl flj

(IjJ ,dJ(!!]8iU OJWu;iJp5J iiT.ilGl8iiuliiliJ ro5irW' 8;®6lIlo$uSiGv, CbIi1Iiil®1i.(~

wmJlJY IOTW,!D mrr'06)iv - @;jjJljJTsSJw ~IJ> Q UJ(LjJ ffi~u OJ[T @~UJ usa rT 8;6ii! 6lJ tt fj) ffi!JjJU UfT ti ;Ji fbi (I!j 8;&i)(!!] rT - L.5JWIill C0 LD IT fJ)J et @ $I~rt : , , ... gJ_fijJj&i)w Vi;iJ!!)J~LD rorWU!JjJ .ffJIfljW 6lJrr!p:ff!&uu51ritJ ~L,il$! a51C08i!1iro8!iv&!. .. gJ_fijJj$)w gJ_@r~LDUJfTW ~,rD!J)J6lIlW ~/f5w Q t.ttr (!!jW tt /lJ jJj iB ffiWiiWl Lllu51ritJ ~ L ffiJ&iJuSI ® 8i$) jD fl)J. jD;Ji fl)JGll r§rr W W ,

@UJjJiiWl8i ro8I~§IT6!ifW ~mUJGll;bp5Jw $~L G'!9Li/-UJ

GllrW'rr.jfil. .. @6lIl flJ :ff!~L.5J8;fi)/Dfl)J. . . {i//lJ8;8iW rorwu~ UC0U

Qurr®.,nJ6W rffi&vrffi;iJLJU u.'TtliJlJ>fT®W. @UJ8,IJ>U; @Gv6lJfTwiv

U0juGlu.'T(l!jGiT mliJ®w mN6IfI/D8,@jW @@;iJf!JiiJliu&u. ~jDGurroill U0juQu.'T@.,nJ!iiiJr;61 @UJ8;8iW iiTtliJ@jW ror!iiiJr6lfl/D8i®w ~@jJjD$Iit:&!. ~6iJrDllfT!J)J ~(l!j8;IJ>IiiIfW C!:PliJ-UJrr ~. .. ~~Gv... fil;jjjD?3oor, g)_<;)IjOfrt6lf WiTWUiiWl6lJ gJ_~6IfILDu5Iiv rorww , ~6lflriill rorrMji)(!!j$~ G jDrrw!J)J

tiJw jD6!if 1Of!iiiJr.fl)J (Jo$w6l5JC88iL(El8i Qo$fT'iiiTGriIlITGLDUJrr@iv,

.ffJI~6lJ wc;,oAjD ~u5Irir Gl51&rrIiilf8iCkrr IOfwU~W, Lllg,jJjW

~UJJDiiWl8iuSlw ~ffjW @!>!f'roIJ7w g)_GiT@LD gJ_L@)JW rDllWrT$~ rDlljJfbi®8ifi)/D rpjX!Ij IiiI1I&rGrDll GiTWU~W GlffiWl6lJfTlJ>ffi QflJrfI;jjf!jJ ro8!(El$!jDf!jJ. @,€jj)@)@;1Jf!jJ @wQ~W!!)JW Q6lJGi1f)uU6lIlLl1JrrmjD~;

~ffjIT6lJf!jJ, ri/fJ)Jij:UJIT IJ>U U@j;Jif!jIT[Trru..jIh Gurr ~, LD<O'ff)jlj

~a5IGfir 1iiI1I&r!Olj8iW @UJJDiiWlo$u5IGfir 1iiI1I&r!OljIJ>WfTlJ>(JriIl @®U

ufijl~iv ~6lIlGll @UJ;DiiWl8iu51!iiiJr w,dJQjDriu(il)rr U[T<iitJU[T ffi GlffifTLrT LJ8iGw!T(Jilw (ljJ1]'@rULIif0j8i8iruiv&u; ~jDjJ@j LDIT@IJ> ~riIl;b !!)J8i@jU QUfT(iljj,ffiLDfTlJ>(JGlI ~6IfIW;B~WWW. " • 'Q~IJ>Gv 8i(l!jj,f!jJ (ljJjDriu6lJ,'T fiji. ~/lirrrillf!jJ, ~rDll[T ~ LDIiiJT j,$: ,dJ®w @C!98;®W lQT!iirn=rr6J8iW UJ/fjfTrTj,ffjWfT6!ifQUIT®L8i6'IfJrir, ~UJ8;8iU iJurr8;@j 8iWlrir rgjl[TWIiiIf @!>L8i-W roBiwu,illJ>w (Abbilder) rorW({f1it: gJ_(!!j &!f'GvIJ>W, mw 8'LDI1JW GTr6JQ8iritJliiIiJ 'Ufilliilf8iGiT' WiT6MJI)lW Q8'fTiv&iJ({f1.rt) ~Gv6lJ IOTWU~ ~OlJrT 8i®;Ji~; ~jD;iJ@j WfT(!!]1J> , gJ_6lJ8iW iJffjfTWJI)lGlIjD;iJ® (fJJrirOl0j$Gffj IOTlilG8i'T wprT @L;Jifijiriu tffifijJj6l5J GlI$§l®8,$!jD '8i(l!jffi~' UJf!jlTrTj,flJ rDllIlJ-GllU::. Qu,dJ/D$Iw g)_(!IjlilltliJ8iWf!jITW QUrT®L8i~W ~IillJD;6IW rDllWrT41FllLfw GiTW!f)J

~GlIrT 8i@@@rT. " ~LOl11Iii <>"oUITUJrTUIT~ iiTW /D jDW~

JljJT ro6Iriu GiT ffiJQ8iritJ<Oiv o"a UIT UJrT U tr fiM]5lw ffi;Ji f!jJOlJ(5fT (jiM ffi6lfl /li U

U jJ!ffi ;Ji ffifT (yJW usrt rt 8;8i- W Gl 8i IT 61i15r(Elw IiiIT 1J>@;Jif!jJ8;IJ>&r ro8Iw 8;fi) ro8! GlI rf/ j, §jJ WW tr rr . Q ~8iiv , a "oUfT UJrT t.ur iiWl %>lDU U JD ;61 tLf LD LD ,dJ JI)I LD rill [T eon JD6IfI /DU U;iJ p5J UJ QUIT ® W(fJJ ffiivrill tt ffj 8, 8i® ffi (J fljlT LUh @j;6l;JitffiW 1 8 4 4 - 4 5 Gv uxt rT 8, 8rW f!J IT (IjJ lD G 8' tt 0 ~ lOT (I:P filu51CIfj jJ jD

U~!f'UJ 'ii3)IJ>QUJ@ffi~u r51[T@m/lJ;Jilj fijI(l!jLDuDlfW uliJ-;JiflJ

OljD®f!jrrw GiTtliJQ8ioill<iitJ ~0JljJTav ~ff 8' 8ij,fl)J8;@j ~@)Jur5I

~riIlj,jDITrT. ~0.fPITro6Iiu r51Q[TQuf)8i lOT,ilQ8iriu<iitJ r51W@J®

WfT fJ)J ror@§jJtiJ@rt: ' 'IOTriufijJjrr j, flJj,§jJGll~IT.~ j,!JjJ8;@jW, ®!ffiu LJIT 8i W/8i ~~mW8;8iITfijJj ffi fij!UJ /lij,f!jJrDllrefTW j, fi;i jJQ8iGv6lJrr W , ~~uumLUJfT6!if LDITQu@W GlJ>wro8!UJITIJ> {iiI®uu~ 8'i$flJOw8,

38

39

@jW Gln!:p ;§!&v8;@ju51~ LC8UlILfW W g>_ jD"'I 8' W U JiJ jbu UL:_L ~Gl'f'lLJC8w , ~6MWrT6lf8;@j W ri/lLJ jJ ~a;$@j u51~L GlLJ ILf WW iLjD"'I

8'WUtiJjbUULL GBGl'f'UlC8w. . . @~~r;rliiMl.l/-riu ~GisrWrT

(Lp jb v;£}civ @(I!j/B /IJ /IJrT , rillLJ jJ ~o, (yJ jb v;£}GlJ @(I!j;B/IJjb tt CiiT~ jD

~Gl'f'lLJGWlLJrT@jW. .. @,dJjb8; G8im~8;@jJb /IJJb~rDI.Il§rT~8i<D1r jb/Bjb

6l1J~L8im ~6lJrTa;&rr @1]'6lN(EJ LDrTQU(l!jW (yJ8ifTW8iWrT8iU

c.SIrflffi~6l1lLLGM. ~~LDfTjbfT~ @lLJjJ6'5la;8;@j (yJ~ riI®JiJ~

@1JiJjb~ riiT6M!!)J ~UJ-ffi~u Gu8'1, ~jb.,r;,- 8irTr;rrDmWrT8i, c!:pUJ-~riu, g>_1iill8iW !OJ jbfT6l1 ~ ~(I!j @1UJ-6l1 tiJfjjliIJ UmL8;8iUULL~ rar.,r;,- If)! ~WWfTGMW Gl8'uJ~ Q8irT~L ~urt8im CiiTriu(]IiVIT®W ... 8i(llyffi~ (lJJjboV@1rTjb (1jJ8ilTmw.j C88'fT;B/D@1rT8im. @lLJjJm8ijbrT.,r;,(yJjbGL'Iriu ri/(llyd>~ @1d>jb~ rar.,r;,-f!)! 8i(l!jfjjllLJ wjJjD6l1if8im GlUfT(l!j6ff (Lp/DoV6l1fTjbffifjjl6M ucivG6l1!!)J UlrFI6lf8i&rr.j G8'ifJiJ/D@1rT8i6fTfTu5iGMrT." ( /IJ ffi ~6l1 @!;JrTGM rf fij) lLJ tt firJr) 8i(l!j ffi~(yJ /IJ iv 6lJ rt /D W , Q UfT C0 6fT c!:p jbciv @1fTjbW CiiT~JD 8i(I!Jffi~ 6lJU/-rDI.Iffil8i&rr G6l1!!)J rarrfjjb ~jbffifiiGill g>_uGlLJrT1il /iJ/IJrT ~W @j!JlUUW /IJIT~ g>_IiiMLfT@jW. GfJ /IJfTrDI.I.{!)J ~(I!)

rDI.IySlu5iriu w/IJffirJjbfT(EJ CiiTUGUrT ~W 8'WU;B/IJUULUJ-(!Ij$@'jW

ULp_lfTGM 8i(l!jffi.{!)J(ljJjbriu6lJ1T jbJb~ /IJ WrTrT 8;6W fijrTWrTfirJrW.fT 8iffi

jbm~LLfTrt rar.,r;,-utJ)I wL@wivliill; ®,n5!UUfT8i f9W 8ifTliVffifij)civ UI]'6l1IiillIT8i8; 8ifTrDm8;mL8;@jW ;i!llS!MJ,W, 8i1T~L GT.,r;,-Gumfl.,r;,- 8i®ffi

tJ)I8;8i&rILfW uGillG6lJJl)J 6l11.l/-@1ffi18iW/~m6ilT ~,n5!QlLJrT~rDI.IlT jbffi

m jblLf W14 ~ W fi 8'firJr6lJ tt jb ffi~ /IJ ILf W G fIi ti 8i1TL_~€il6lJ tr jb ffi m jblLf W

~6lJ if $ rr WfTG15T WfT 8i ffi jb6ff W/G1iJ LL fT rf . @tiJ/IJ sBi jb ffi jb ffi

~Gl.I@!;JITGMW CiiTGillliVfTW 8i(l!jffi~(yJ/Driu'iil.1rT jbffitJ)l8;@j sBiL@$

Q8irT@$@jW 'ij)(I!) " UljJGufT $8irTW" 8' ~m8iGlLJlLJrT@jW

CiiT~!!)J WrTrT$6W a;(I!)fjjl~rf; .,ff)fffiJa; UL8'W, ri/tJ)I "QUfT(l!jW c!:p jbriJ.J 6lJ IT jb ffim /IJ U umr;r rfiJa;WIT 8i LD [f)J ffi ~6l1l L(EJ @r;r a;8') lLJ u: IT uJ

.,ff)fmjb !OJ ;jJ!J)I$ Gla;fT6ff@ljw Gl6l1La;8iI]'WITGM GUIT $8iIT@jW"

GTm!!)J WfTrT 8i6'iv 8i(i!Jfjjl@rT. @!B/DU c.SIl]'.j€il&r 8'WU,dJ

jbLDfTa; WfTlT8i6flJ, GTffilQa;civ,;W ~mGlLJfTrFI.,r;,- GWGIiill Gl8'fT~GM

.fl,jfTilJ8iGmfT@ &"LG@1 1866 q_Q8'wurt 12 GT~Jl)J

Gjbjlu5lL(EJ wmT8i,;W CiiTrfiJQa;GillaF8;@'j CiiT@ffiJUJ ffl® 8iu/-jb/iJ

rn jb U U tr tt a;a; . ~!B jb 8, 8i I.l/- jb /iJ fjjlriu WfT ri 8i 6iv jblT W,;W ,2UIJ8i,;W@I rarbM JD Ulr;rUIiVWITG15T @Ul,rD~8i ~~@!;JIT~ ~jJ,n5!UJ 6l1!Jl8, 8id>~jb @IL ".,ff)ffii8i .,ff)f6fT"'I GlufT(i!J<D1r(IjJ/IJriu6lJlTf!ju GUfT$@j GJ8irTiiWL" lLrnr;r~lLJ$ @j;61LlL5IL(EJ, .,ff)f$~Lm "tLiiWrnwu5iiIJ fJjfTW 8i6l1.,-M)$.{!)J8; Q8iITIiiM@w €iI/Bfij)ffi§jJ$ Qa;m.rn(EJw @(l!j8i@jW

eu ~ I]' Q UIT(!1j6fT (!jJ jbGlJrDI.IlT jb ffi fi)G61®,dJ.{!)J ~ GVm 80 Gl8'civ'iil.1 §jJ d' tt ffi fjjl

UJWGlJIiV" GT~umjb ~6l1I+ !OJjJf!)!$ Qa;lTm6lJ~jblLfw aFL....l1J-8i

a;1TL....l1J-, ,2UIJ5>6'iv'iiVI ~;61QUJfT~6l1lTjb,{ij.{!)J$®W ;i!llS!MJ,W'iil.1,fTjb/h

.{!)J8;@jW •• jbuUl8i@jw 'iil.1yS1" ~~jD ~L(EJ m6lJJbjbjb;D8ifT8i

~6lJ~r;r LDlTrf$,;W 8iIi/-JiJ.{!)J Q8ifTm1il@fi. 8i-jbrfjfjjll]'/iJtJ)I5>@jW

.,ff)f6lJ8')lLJ,{ij§jJ$@jW riI~L'(]UllLfm6fT g>_JDGlf u,rD;61 WlTrT8iGYv QairrliiM l1J-(I!)JiJjb ai®$~ jb5> @j,n5!utSI(EJ'iil.1§jJ 8'1JDUUiTG15T (ljJ8imlLJJb§jJ'iil.1(IjJm 6fT jb fT@jW . • • ~6lJ 8'1Ul Jb~ jb ~,n5! ;iJG jb jJ!J)I$ Q ailT m'iil.1 tJ)I jbfT bM <frjb!Bfi)I]'W riiT~u§jJ. ~'iil.1€i1lLJW rarGisru§jJ fIifTW LjrFI;BtJ)I Qa;moir

6fT1T jb 'iil.1ml]'u5iiIJ LDL....(EJGW ai6lN f!Jll1J-ffijbc,,¥LDITW jblT a; @®5>

®w" (rarrfiJQ8iriu6'iv, @ril~®~ w@(4)' @jbjJ® ~1+$jbW,

@Ul;D~8iu5l.§lim6ilT LjjJJ;§!&v 'iil.1~8iUUL.....L ;£IUJfiia;W/.,r;,- ~fi)rnlLJ WiJ tD!J)I$ Qa;fTm6lJ~, .,ff)frDl.l8'1UJw CiiTGisrU~ @UJ8;8i~lLJGlJ rfffiJuSlC81iill <frjbJiJfij)r;rwlfT8i LDIT,rDjJJW QU!J)IrDl.lrnjb !OJjJ!J)I8; Q8irT<D1r6lJ.tJ)I5T~

u.{!)JjbfTW (.,ff)f,n5!lLJUULfT jbjblTu5l(!lj!B.{!jJw, ~,n5!lLJUUL8i &..liJ-lLJ

jbfTW "jb.,r;,-<iWf)(3;;vu (oIUIT(!IjW" [a thing in itself] GT~U~ "jb~ rDI.IlLJU QUIT@6ilTfT8i" [a thing for us] raruul.l/LDfTtDJDw .,ff)f~L1iljJJG/DfT, "GlUfT@L8iW/~ 8'1Tr;rfTW8'W" GTGMU u(j)rDl.ltJ)I • 'LjIiillUUfT(EJ8i6ilTfT8i" 5TUUIi/- WIT,JDJDw .,ff)fmL1ilJDGjbfT, ~§jJGUfTliVffijbfT~). oo"UlTlLJrTUIT;i!llS!~ QUfT(i!J<D1r(IjJjhiv6lJrT jb.§imjb (~mf!j ~L .,ff)ffi)8i .,ff)f6'lTG£i6v LffiirnGMrT, oo"GUfT8;L....., GiwfT@lC8lO1'/tfTL CiiT~GUfTrf 8iG'lfiGisr •• ~r§@!;JIT~ 8;(]8iLIT'iIJT" QUfT(!Ijw(ljJjhivrurT jbJb ~/IJ) g>_<D1rG'lfiLL •• u~!:pUJ" QUrT@m(IjJjbriurDI.IlT jbrl[,fiJI~ ~li/-u U~LUJfT'iIJT ®~ jJJUrT(EI r51~rDI.I(l!jLDIT [f)J rarw!!)J wrrrf 8;8i-W <iTrfiJ Gl8iGlJ<frW 8i(!ljfii'ilJTrf: 1) @rfjjbu QUfT@<D1r(yJjbGlJ'iil.1rTjbw "GlU(I!)W6fTIQl{8;@J @UlfT,dJfiJlrfa;.§i jb.,r;,-~wUJf!)1"; @r;r8'fTUJ'ilJTGBUJ6v .{!)J~jJJu5l~W, i!LuSlrflllJ~!} f!)1~JDuSlJJ!lw (fJjw a;rTliVffiiJI;D@6lJ@W

GUIT.{!)J, QUfT(!Ij&ru u;D,mJUJ u51w jbffif!)1'iil.1ffifij);gww riiTw[f)J

G8'rf ffi.tJ)l5> Qa;fT<i;YTrDl.lf!)1 ~rDI.I€ilUJLDrT®W) !OJ jbuLIi/-@8imJD u518i

uSl8i f'jr;;3 roM LD IT 6M(lJJwGGiM ;D JDrfiJa;&r .,ff)f ~ 8irDm 8; 1ilriu CiiT(EI.§i f!)1 8; Gi8irT<D1r6ilT ffi ffi6lJ[f)JfiJjD.{!)J; 2) UrDri)!Jl1lJ GiurT(I!)<D1r(yJfo6v6lJIT fow 6lJr;rliillrT,rD.fI)J$@U LfJDwUfT~~, @1lJ8ia; @ILJ~$@U LjjJJwurr6'M~ (@lLJ8;8i @UJ.§).1I8i@j 611/C8r;rIT jbL.DfT~ f!)1 CiiTW jJJ ~rt ,{ijjhffiiJIriu @UJ8;8i LD!!)JuLf @UJGlJ 6l1ma;UuLL§jJ); 6lJ6'lTrf#G'I~UJu ujJ,aSlUJ 8iiiWC8~L_L.§imjb .,ff)f~ (ljJr;r~w,mJlLfw (YJc!:pmLDUJfT8i6ljw t.5I~

u;DJDG1ilriu&v; 3) "WfTW/L 8'rTr;rW" CiiT~1ilJD ~IOI'/tUJffi~jIJ#

@;L8i-WWIT8iU t.urti ffijbG jhGlllJrTySllLJ, (6l1I]'Gl'fT!!)J 6lJ~8iu516v

40

41

roiv.fJ)fT<ilJw.rr8i 6IJ6'1ilfjlll!lJl8;8iU GUjDJD) 58i<iIJ "S'(ljJllfilU ~jD61j8isrf/w" '5J@ "G,Q5rr(!!Jjlr]Ill" [j))i;,Q5 "WrT@JL S'rTfjW" <OT@sr!!)J ~§jJ 8i(l!j~riu&v; ~8ir]6IJ lL~5ijyrQ®f!J "wrr jJ;D!lU6'1ilWU

uG,Q5" c!pjliW6'1ilWlllrT~ r]6IJ&!lllrru5l®8;6'1i)8iu51riv, ~§jJ lLrova;,Sb

6'1il,Q5U UjJ;D! @6iJ@lrT!lJl "wlllrr 8i&iJlUrTWW" Q5UJ6IJr],Q5rT(jj

rfjIW f!)JGJ51LL§jJ, ~f!JrT6IJfPJ, , 'Lffj,_'_&'I5ifjW,TG?5T fJj6'1ilL(!Jl6'1il/D4

QS'lLJrivUrTLlIJ-W" (ljJ8i~UJ,difPJ@ljy<ii15ljli ~!ffi Lfrfi;BfPJ Q8irTWW

GJ51riv&! .

@UJ6i! @l<ii15l5iUULLr]f!J flJiMlfj @UJ8;8i wJf)luLf @ILJ@,' @l<ii15l8iU UL ... Ljli6i!rov iDTWJf)l fJjr;;{l~ a;ITrov @1LJ;DrQ®8i <Dl1Ir§I§.rr~w rfjI®OI,Sb ~W6lT ~ 'iTW f!)JjliITW fJj.1T W QscrTriuiOlJ G~~(jjw,' ,

<OTI'5JGl8irivrDiv sr ~ Iffi ~(!!1{T : ' , ~ UUI.IJ- tu U UlSJ- G lU f!J UJ IT rT

rfjI&!u5!w ~WW ~Giv/Jj/8i8i<DYf)w Qf!JrT(!!J§lUJIT8i ~rov8i,Sb<ii15lf!JU

L{rfi.ffi!ffi Q8irTWW8; 8nLIT /Jj/, @UJ8;a;U QUrT 8; (!!Ja;srf/w ~(I!)

Qf!JIT(!!J@fLlrra;ffif!JrT@sr ~<ii15lflJu Lfrfi.ffi!ffi Qa;.rrww G6IJ~@u.;

[j).ffif!J ~1ll8;8iU (]Urr8;@ja;srf/w Qjb.rr:§.@lLlIGrov WIT ;DjJJw

~<ii15lLUJIT jb61j)@l GUiT6i! Q6IJrorfJ8;(!!Jffi r],Q5ITW!J)J~jJJ @lrDitJfPJ8;

a;~w, ~Gf!J GUIT6i! ~65IriiIJ UjJ.a51 f!jJO;,rr8i@jWr]W rffi!:piOIJrr@€iJ/D 9'l.ffif!J@ GJ51wUr5Ja;~W, ~jli,rrriilJlffi 8i(!lj;j;/Jj/(l!jriilJr5J5ii@Jw, r]jbmw p5llUU I.IJ-Ili W W65I jJJ)i; f!J U uuu W ~)c!!J 8; (!!jwu y-fLl tt ~ @651LfLl(!!1f!J WIT!!)Jf!J~8i«!) lLL....U@€iJW/D~-@§jJ W8i,di,§jIT<D?5T ~I.IJ-UU<ii15lL8; 5i (I!J ffi jlJrT «!) w, .. @j.a51uurra; Q _W8iriv a; IT rov ,di $; ;D(!!Ju U/ jJJ(!!J ri);B jh W8iffi,§jiT<D?5T ~I.IJ-UU6'1i)Lg, 8i®j)!ffi w6Of)jhrT8i<DYf)w Gurr!ffi lLrD1fIlTrT

@J"v (JjJ;D(!!18iU Ufj@Ju u§j:jJ§jJ ®ILI.IJ-®8i~/DulSJ-fLl.rrriv

GUrT!ffiriilJrT~ rff.ijJuSlr]rov @651jb fLliT(l!jW ~GfJj8iWrTa; Wf!)JU

wjbuSl6i!&v, ~@6i! ~)i;f!J ~lSJ-UU6'1ilL8; a;®ffi6'1il,§j4 Q5rrriv

<ilJWr;;U!GI'iIJ 1iiJ;iJ!lJl8; Q8irTWriilJff)I ~@sr!J)f. ~6'1iljli ~(]iDlJITrT

~fj tt IiJ 4 m j) !ffi6'1i) jJJ uSI ~ W III jli trti ffi f!J ;j; .@riv G 5 ILJ ;iJ u@;j;fPJriiIJ!ffi

GriilJG(!!1Wf!)J. " , '[j)Ill8;a; @UJriv riilJ6'1il8iffi f!Jffi§jJiDlJ(§iT~ ffi§Jf8;(§

@[IJI.@UJrT~(]jbiT, UfjWWiT<D?5TG,§jiT. y6Of)f!JWiTwG!Jjrr <OT§jJ61jGw €iJ6'1ilLfLl.rr §Jf. 'iT6i!rovlTriiIJ ;D;J5JW jlifT ;Da;rri£Ja;;j; jli..rr<ii15lW6'1ilUJIliW ~ff)/ Q iDlJsrf/ U u@jy§jJ&lJDff)/ . iDT WiOIJiT eu ;iJ;J5J ,fD@jwGWU_J(!JlWW jljrr ;D 8ilTiii6Ia;ffi jli..rr<ii15lWGil5JfLlU_JW ~ff)/Q@1rorfJUUG,dJff)/~ /Dff)/, lL(!IjriilJiT~8; Q8irr<D'ffi@w W<ii15ljJJ;B§Jf G8iiT~GW @(I1j8;~JD. 9iiP tt'&vuSliii61®)i;ff)/ Gwriu &&!8;@j (ljJl.IJ-wrivrov.rrw6i! 6J;J5J1i Gl5W jJJ ulSJ-QfLluSl®8;~jD, @651LIllC!!lflJ ~UJ8;8iU (]UiT8;(§ '5JW6'1il/Dffi jli<DJJIr;r GiDlJ!J)f 'iT§jJ61jW ~f!Jw(JjJrn :§J&v,dJ§jJ tt'jJa; (ljJlSj...UJIT/J)/. Gw~w @UJ8;8i @UJW iDlJ<ii15l8i,Sb f!J,dJ§jJiDlJ~iT<D?5TW rOTWUG jli IF1jJfijl8;(§W ryX3.>rru516u G jfjiTW!J)f~ jJJ @)i;jfj /jlU8;a;U QUITeiifilW U/[J f.ij!u<DJ5iuQu jfj,,;6}[J GiDlJ ;J5J6i!&IJ, • • <OT<D?5TG@1 , WfTlT 8;9'lW a;®ffi~uulSj..., {ijUJ8;$ @1ll6i! iDT W LJ §jJ "L{ /D lL iOIJ(§, wm1jli 1F1)i; jfj&ar iDT W jJJ @r;r<D'ffilSj...<D?5T§Jf W[T<D?5T {j)1ll8;a;,Sbfijlw Glurr §jJiDlJiT<D?5T ruifi$O;,rrU U;D;J5JUJ <DJJIr§

~1T<D?5TW" ~@W.

Gl~ a; su jfj Iii §jJ riiIJ~ IT <D?5T ;j; fjG'or [j);B flJ U L{ fj L....1F1a;fj WiT <D?5T ~ W

S',Sb651 jfj LDrTrT g,rDitJ 6J ,fDf!)J8; Q$IT~@ ~651 jfj iDlJWrT jyf!JlTrT .

Q~$i£Jw @11Jg,$@JUJ6v, 6IJWrT4&'16'1ilILlB; (§;J5Jliijli t..DI$61jW

(ljJC!:9<ii15lWlUlT<D?5T, lL<DYrWL...8;a;,difijl6i! u5)$uSJ8i 6IJWW tt'<ii15ljJJ;j},§j,

uSJ@!jt!JflJ ~!:p(ljJWW (]UiT Jb&ar iDTW jJJ (JjJ<ii15ljJJu_1/G(iI) eyJ<ilJ4

IF1jJJUL{W"'TGI~rTLDW jfj,Sbff)/iDlJl§rT<D?5T j)~W t..DI$U QurfJUJ S'rT f!J&ar

fLliT@jW iDTW!f)J WmT 8;&W 'iTriuQ$"v&W a;®f.ij!lillrT. @1WrTli&'!,

urfi~ww IJ'WU;j}f!JWiT~ i)8iiTL....UrTL6'1i)L...U U,m.a51UJ l.fJ,IDjJJ

iDlJ65IfjUJ!f)JUL{ (ljJ6'1i)/D8iW rOTriv<DU,erw '5J®f!J&!UUL5LDiT<D?5T6'1il6IJ,

lLWiDYlL8;$;!b fjriv 611 W 8;(!!J65I jJJ61jWWrDmGlJ , @1ll,fDciiIf)8iu512llW

5(ljJ/hrTlUj)$:!iWW lL<DYrW (~lSJ-B;$lSj... $:~rfu UiTfLl8'56u$<DYr

f!jJl'ilJl.fJiT a;, GlU(!Ijruujy§jJ8iW fIjll'ilJWiT a;, Lfr;rLIF18i<Di, f!jJ<DUWrT $

(IflWG<D?5T GUiT«'!jWUlSj...lUiTlill) riilJwrf li€i'!u5Iw iL~rQ®WlllrT~ GUrT 8; ciiIf)$/iJ fijlrf),dJ!ffi8; 8irTL@UrDmiDlJ, iL(!!j8;«'!j&vUUciiIf)@l iDTW!f)J ~GlJ rT 8iiDiT $(I1jfijl@,i'$ii>Tr, (Q_W$rivriilJiT flJW ~L...riu8il'ilJrrw 8i(!lj,dJ/J)/

(ljJ jfj6u@liT /bjJ!JjfTriv ~ffiJ8;$UU@@l fijli£J(I1j.ffiff)l) , 'iLrD1fIlTrT61j

&J,rTGlJWrrW Sj)UJ8;8i {j)UJ&u8; a; IT t'uttr j);Dl ~,§j&'OT Sj)UJ,IDrDma;

U ;iJ j!5/1Ll QUfT (!!Jm(!Jl jfj 6i!1iiIl tr jli 8; a; (I!J Iii r] f!J tt L.L j) fijiG (iI) fJjciilf)L...

(!jJrDm)D8;@58; 0I8irrrorW(£iGlJt!J,Q5@lrTa;W ~fJja;l.fJfT8i wrrrT8i&W J!jIT@JW WL...@WjljrT<ffi .. ," "@1ll8;8i6I1JlU2ll8;@j [tI®UrD1fIlTW @UJ;iJm'J;jfjrrw. ~)i;tfj.# r]8'fT tfj&5r 8;@j uSJ8iGljW 6IJiQ[7'W GlU.T®$~fLl 6'l5l~UJfT ffirT[Jriu

$&1. ~<m5rf1 GlU(!!jtils, Qa;rT~L... GUrT«'!jW ",-£i~lllfT f!JrT[Jriu

e;&1, f9ofJ~ a;fTrov @lU;DciiIf)$ ,,;6}r§§rT~W ffitBlffi Qa;rT~

aL...ll5l(I!J8;&l)D§jJ iDTW!lJl ,§jiTW G5fT·oU61J G@)<D'ffi@w" ((]fjlSJ-ILlW.

t..DI<ffi<i;W ~s,e;w , jlim1 LDr5J8im ~ .£l)I LD ;iJQ@w(!!1a; I.fJfT ;iJ jJJU

u(£irOl.J~, (ljJf!Jl'ilJfT<D?5TciiIf)@) a;~@U/lSJ-s,8iUULL... 8irTiOIJ ffiff)l8;@j (IflW(]U iDT@/bUUL....L...~ @!ffi); "~UUlSj... GJ51,",*fLlfTffirrfjr5J8i&rr,di jlj)i;@, (ljJlSJ-<DJJIfiu @lU;DrDm8iu_1/6¥ @lU8ia;u GUrT8;@5 @1ll8;e;

42

43

@lUB;a; iJ:IlU r;;V Qu tt (l!JW (yJ jb6lJGlJ tt ,Slj fo ,g)!8;@j " iJ:I,Slj r;r iii£Jr&.5iT (ill ® a;1§8;@j (]W(]6V ri'~!J)I Qa;rTloim+(l!J8;@jWuUf-UJ.rr(ill jbfotpFiilJ@jfT(illW ~jJ)JW @~(]w<DiJ (]Jb~GlJu5Ir;;VOov" . (yJriJ@UJ a;fT6V Jbffi ,g)! filJ@jfT(illffiJi!r.ill u5i.4 CF (yJWW tpJ " !iii riJ jbOm- , ~ jbrW @!Ji!a;w u ;b;!5lUJ @!ri5@fT(illW - ~ JbfTGlJ,g)! , @!j/(yJmjDj) Jb rT 8;a; iJ:IUJ jJJJ W @lU8;a;@!lUjJJJW,sijfT~". (]LD~W LDfTit8;!iii~ a;®j).f!jJuuUJ-ILJW, Q~a;~8;@jU QUiT(f!Jj,JbWIT(ill @!jbjJ@~W ~UJ8;a; ~UJii616lJ @uQUfT(lJ;J,g)! ~;!5IDl.fj) jbj,.f!jJfilJW ~<DiJ6V§jJ "IiiTUIiD'ruLWfT6Vgi''' 15 GT<iMjJ)J GlCFfT<DiJ6VUU(J;iGlJ.f!jJW ~Lr5J@jW. ~;DI6lj u,riJ;DIlLJ @JE>jbffi ,5ijjlJ,g)!GlJ(yJ®5n.Ltb jbfTGl(ill(J;itb.f!jJB; Qa;.TW<5W ~(JHuJ.41if1 @!GI'j1UJ j, ~ jb GlJ r;r6itJ tt ,riJ!J)I rt'@lLJrTa;tbjbfTrW 8iGlJ ~ tb,g)! j, $!]" C8filJroID(J;iW; ~;J5'GJ1)~']JbrT ;b!J)J@JrTuJ, eueatr 5iR, ~pSI~ @ruWIT:'!) $J&uu51ii61®JE>.f!jJ ~;!5I6lj $J&u8;@j LD.rT ;DI@1('!JGlJ,g)! ~fiJlLJGlJ;bmjD ~tf)J utfifJa'JjJ.f!jJu uu51w!J)J GlUrTtf)Jmwuu(J;iffiJb (JGlJ~(J;iW.

@L.J(]UfTGljb6lJGt)fTW GlJwrT4m U;DpSlUJ, urfi~ww U;D;DIUJ

a;®~tf)J ~C8J!ja;wfT8i CFC!:PJbrTUJ .2.JimrTGlj c!:p(IJlGlJ$I~W

JL W !ffim JjJ JE>tpJ @!LLSJ-(l!J8;filjDtf)J ; ~rs6lJ Gl ~ a; roiJ jb ffi .f!jJ6lfC§fTrill j, j/<iM 6lfiJIlUfT8i ~6lJCilJ, (]GlJCrgrill GlJ!:fiJ8i<iilfi6lJ. 1iiT~;gg:uW Q~8i6l5)w cmq. UU mLu5lr.ill ustt rr 8;8i-W GT I1iJGl8i r;;V 8i-W GlJ~ tr UJ!J)I fo jbU UJ~riiO)LDJE>.f!jJW61T @JE>Jb8; 8i(l!jj,§jJ @cffijJ)J GlJJjJ8;$1jJJJWW UrfI~LD8; 8i(I!Jfo6IDjb r£iL millGlJwC3GlJiT c!:p(!JJmWlLJfT(ill §jJ, JLmWL8;a;j,fiMIJ IiiTQJGlJWC3filJrT GlJ61TW Glu.rr(lljJE>j/lU§jI. G) ,riJGla;rillC3<ilJ jbfTOiIfrJrUf-@JL.L a; L.. LJ5J8i(]W @(lljWU GlJ JE>tpJ G $rTOiIfrJr LSJ-(l!JU LI §jI C8 UfT 6V ffi (J jbfTrW

;!5IrsWW ~$jbB; $L..L®8iW C3GlJ!J)I GlJmamlroiJ, (yJ/J>Ji!UJriiO),sij

4l1!L JLlLJrT/J>jb ~Uf-UUriiO)L!t5J6lJ $I(f!JWU GlJ/J>§jJ Qa;rTOiIfrJrLSJ-(llju

UjbrTrill GlJWrTdeiR (":§J&uLD!J)IuUlrW ri'OovLD!J)IUL1"16); f}!®

GlJriiO)$u5)6lJ QCF iTr;;V61Ju (JUrTrsroiJ C3 J!jrrC8a;,T L.fT a; @,ffiJ6ViTu::6iJ

& JjJcffi jJ)J 8i-JjJ W!J)J GwC3Gt) !J)I W GlJ61Trt de iR; - $I to.rr U UfT uJ5 8' 6iJ a; ea , Glu®GiilUtb,g)!8iW, L1r;rLm8i'olT fYJ6VW G) jiJu(J;iw GlJWrT.4iR; - "Q,sijfTLiTci!iiiu51ffiJ (yJ;!5I6lja;w"; ~Wfil/ uOiIfrJrUfT8i JL(l!jU::iT!J)I/bitJ;

-@j;DIUU,L.L GlUiT(llj6'IfJcffi LSG,sijfT, ®;&UU,L.L L16VUUfTL

(E:8;('!jm(]WfT. @j;!5lUUlL..L 8'(!jJ,sij,TlU;iJ:f!jl8;('!jwC8WfT GCFUJitJ

u(J;i8:1jD U6lJ(]filJ!J)I 8'8;$I8im. GUiT 8;('!ja;W ~fiJlUfilJ jJJDl6M c!:pr;r"rn UfT L UJ-1@~W C8 U::fT jb66/rs~W G) ,rDu(J;im)!J GlJ61TrT .4iR8;a;fTrill JLW jWiiiW(J;i,sij r;;Va;w ; - (@1I)"Gt)fT!J)I 4 fiJUJ 4 Ji!UJ ~WCF riHalJorr et <iM

QjD6M!J)JW GlGlJsrf'/uu(J;i;iJJi!8; Qa;fTiiiWUJ-®8;riiO)a;u5IC8CilJC8UJ) GTJE>,sij

Gl@1rT(IIj 46VUUfTLUf-W srsusurr ~w5®a;l§w 5JcffimjDQUJiTw!J)I

emrT JE>§jI ri'w!J)I ~C8@QL'TrW!J)J wa;6lj W Q J!j(llj8;a;U::fTriOT ,

r.5Irfi8i8i (!jJUJ-UJfT jbQjb.rTLrT4 Gl8ifTOiIfrJrUJ-®uu:f!jl, {j/J>ffi;iJ

Q,sijfTLrT4 $JUJJi!8i@jL..UL.L, 5rTGlJU GlUfT.f!jJGlJfTG5r {jlLJ8;a;fojlGiir rffia;fPMilu C8uiT 8;riiO)a; G) ,riJu(J;itbfiJtb ffi®fiJjD.f!jJ - @,~GlJGllLJr.ill6ViTW GlJ<DfTrT a=lifIriiO) lU u u,riJ;J5lUJ (@1!jJ8;8iWfT!till@J;DmjD8; a; tt L..LSJ-.g)li W ) ~ffila; GlJWW QUiT®riJfiilU ,Sljj,.f!jJ@1WfTG5r @,UJ8;a; @lLJii61w @lUr.ill L{8isrf'/ritJ 1if16V@1fT@jW. ( 1 868 ~GlJrfI 8 W C8 JbfiJ LDfTrT 8i!Diu

IiiTffilQa;ritJ8i-8;@j 1iiTC!:9@UJ 8iLSJ-,sij;iJriiO)ffiU iurtr 8; a; ; ~fiJ6lJ ~@1rT

~riiO)LG?ir GiTr;;WU@1rfiW ., {j!J)lfiJu C8UfTriOT (yJut5Irfl6lja;m" u;b;DI

C8 a; ii61 QCF uJfil@rT ; cm6lf ;briiO) jDu Q U rr ® W (IJl ffiritJGlJ tt ffi @1LJ8;a;

{jlLJjJJJLW C3UfTL..(El8; @j/fuL1@].f!jJ cmUffiffiLDfT@ljW).

ru 1J000fT:!J<in!!JU uj)~UJ G"iufT®ffiQfl;JJtilJru fT ~ lL@;'ta:'!)fTLLlD

UriiO)JjJILJ GlufT®rofr(lJlfijrivGlJiT ffij,$Icffi (Ijlr;rOOUfT(J;irofrw ffiGiir

~WriiO)UJlLJw, , C!:pC!:R66lWlU,rDjD fIjr;;WriiO)LDmlLJlL{w, f}!(IIj attrit.uresr

,SljcffimwriiO) lLJ lLJ W JLGWrT JE>.f!jJ Qa;rTlii~'L Ul jD@j WiT tr 8;"rv

.. 5 (Ijl,sij tt UJ ;, m,Slju u,riJ;DI1LJ 4l1! r§c§fT riOT ti> m ffi .. . Gl U tt (f!JW (!jJ ,sijriv

curt jb ~Uf-UUriiO)L8;® @GW8;$WfTa;8; Qa;fT~(ElGlJJE>.f!jJ @/J>,sij

cmlSJ-UUrOiJJL W.f!jJ ~rOiJJ,Slj wrom(Elw ~rOiJJWUU,g)!" cmGlJlifllULD

GiTcffiUrOiJJJb8: 5/J>(],sija;ti>$18;('!j @u,.DIw;DI a;ooLmt. GlJfTfP

&00vrJ5)6l5)('!JJE>.f!jJ JLGWrT6lj C3 jbfTW!J)I€ii!;nC3 JblUcffi;J5J JLrDmrT@!ii61('!J;j5$1 @]iTfPri'&u G ,SljfTW !I)I<ilJ $IritJ&u GiTW!J)J QUiT ®WryJ ffi6u@1fTffiW QUfT :[!jJGlJiT a; rdilw 8;@j€ii!;n,sijfTm8ilUfTritJ LD~ ,Slj@j6V,di$lW CF(IjJ,SljfTUJ @1fTfP6lj @!6I'ftlUtb$l~W, 1fc!:p~fTW JL:QIjMrT6lf 1fc!:p~ITUJ @]fTfP

rffi&uu51661®;j5Gjb G,SljiTw!I)lfil;n.f!jJ IiiTWjJ)J QUfT(!IjWcYJ,SljritJ@1fT,SljW

4l1! W 8; fiJ j) $1)" C86lf"w /Jj-u5I@8;filjD$1. LD tt rT 8;<DYv <iT@.f!jJfil@rT

(e!Jl1i1l~6lITt'o, Q,sijrTl!5Ji! 1): "QjbfT!j5lriuJblLU@JlLJritJ, @UJ;D

rOiJJa;lLJLcffi w~fficffi Qa;,T"w(J;iww Gl,SljfTLrTL.{a;<58;a;fTriOT @1!:fiJ

(yJriiO) ;nrOiJJ lU , LD 6I5f) ffi~ JLu5!rT GlJ tr bP6lf ,Slj;b@jrflUJ G J!jr;r UJ-lLJ fT!till

JL,rDuti>@ cyJ65ljDrOiJJlLJ Q@1srf'/uuCEltb.ff)J@J.f!jJLcffi, cmfficffi fYJ6VW

cm@J!till.ffjJ 5cyJ,SljfTUJ JLjD6lja;q;yfJGiir ~rOiJJw0L.{ (yJrOiJJjDmllJlLfw cmJE>/b

JLjDGlJa;srf'/Iifu'l®JE>.f!jJ G,sijfTw!J)Iw W(ill8; a;®ti>C3,SljfTL..Lffilm&rlLfw

LJ<ilJuu(El;iJ§jIfil)D.ffjJ. " jbw:[!jJ ~lJi1UJru G'lufT®mfT:'!)fTlJw u;iJ;D1w

6U1lDr'r1f6llT5l.J61flIJ~ G'l1f~~~W ~® urtil@j, GTwfil;V !JjJTii61ru

(Ijlcffi W/riiO) r;ru5!6lJ LD~ ,Slj 8'c!:p jbiT ILJ j,65l ,sij I1.j W ~,Sljw 6lf I)" eon ;b

44

45

@S)jD.4W u;D;DJ UJ QUIT (_0 m(IJJ jb<il.xilllT fb ffi fiJi!Di5r -M If/-u U@s)LUJITW ~a;ITLUIT@5>OO8. ®;DJdJlffiu U,WGlJ@W Q<'FIT jDa;liiYfIoiv U;mT8.1iiYv

'fjJ® (IJJ(!IJmwUJrr7iiJT GlJ@S)[TUJlJ)Jumuffi jb@fiil@rT;

, 'wW!jb GlJrrf:Ps£J1OiJ jJj@S)LQUjDIJ)J8. Qa;rrr;;~lf/-@8.('!jW

5' (IJJ jb IT UJ ilL JDU dJ fiJuJloiv fij)L__Lu51 L_ L ilL jD6lJ 5>Wiiv wiiiMi fbrt a;m

FF@u@fiJ@rT5>m . @JiJfb u: jD6lJ a;m ._-i!)f ffi fiJi UJIT eu iiJUJ WITW@S)GlJ ;

1£ GMI fbrt a;1iiYfI!Di5r iii ffi j!j dJ fiJ<iM UUj- -M<lOO WUJ IT wlOiJ aT jb JiJ $I IJ WIT 5> ~m1£UGi1JJ6l1. @JiJfb ilLjDuffijl ilL;D"'Ia;6ir JJjGlJrTa;w:f!jJ GUIT@WITUJfb ZL;Du ffi jI# 5' 8. fiJa;®mLILl eusttri # iiJuJI!Di5r 'fP® fij! L_L6l1 LL WIT 6riT a;LL fo :f!jJ8.@jU Qu IT@dJfb WIT 5> ~<lOOLD$)W jlJW .

, '~JiJfb ilLjDu,dlfiJi ZL/DGlJ5>6lf)Gjr a;,_L@ QLDrr JbfbGw

<'F(lJJjbITUJ ffifiJ!Di5r QUIT@WIT fblTfJ ~<lOOWUUIT a;, ilL~mLDUJIT7iiJT

~lij-dJjli6'frWITa; ~mwfiiljIJ:f!jJ. ~jb<iM tEflilfb'T!Di5r <'FLLW,

~IJ iiJUJoiv <011 <lOOa;UULL GwoiJa;L_@UiITWW fir(lJl$l jD:f!jJ . ~ /fJ fb ~lf/- Jb jli6'fr dJ :f!jJ8;@jU QUIT (!!J fo fb WIT 5> fiJ jIjIT W 9 (IJJ fb IT ILl ilL~rT6'1iIW @j;DJL1L5IL_L <01Ilij-6l1riila;w 6J ;Du@$)rnjDW . Q UIT@WITUJfb @J1Ti:P .mIw ilL JDU ffi fij! (IJJ<lOO jD fbIT!Di5r QUIT :f!jJG1J.IT a;G6l1 5' (IJJ jb IT UJ --!J{ fJ fi': lLloiv~;DJ6lJffi:f!jJmjD IOI.J,Ti:P6'1iI!Di5r @1Ll8.5>U GUIT8.ma; GjJj;DJUJIT8i5>w Q5'tiJ$l jD§J. wGMI fb.rT a;6lf)rDisr ilLramrT6lf ~6lJrr a;liiYfIfiiiFr 6lJ1Ti:P;EJ&vmUJ 6l1@S)[JUJIJ)JUUfij!6'u&!; ~fb;D@j WIT(:rga;, -MlOI.JrT5>@!jGi1JJLILl <'FC!jJjbITUJ

6l11Ti:P;E!&vffirrw ~GlJrT5>WiW ilLGWrTmGlJ GlJmIJILl[f)J8;fi);D:f!jJ.

<'F (!:fJ fb IT ILl dJ fiJw QUIT (i!j ett IT UJ fb ilL JDU dJ $I # <'F 8; $I a;m GlJ ett rr 9

iiJuSJW f?® ('!j;DJU£.5)LL 5>L_Lffimjlj ~mLIlfw GUIT:f!jJ. ~<lOO1OI.J jJjLUL5J65J(_08>('!jW ilLjDUffi@ ZLjD6lfa;(§LrDisr ~6'u6IJfljJ - -MmfbGUJ <'FLL GWIT ySluSiGv @j)l5JuU/@6l1Qjljrn@1OiJ - ~m6l1 ~:f!jJlOI.Jm[T fir6l1/Df!)J8.@jm @llJriilfiil GlJ/fJjb6riTGGlJIT ~JiJjli5 Q<'FIT Jb:f!jJ ZLjlJ6lfa;@!jLW G UJ ,T :f!jJfiJrDisr jDW , :!L;DU ffi fbi 5 <F 8; fiJa;61flrn GlJ at ti 5 iiluSi@lGiDLILl

GlJUJ-GlJ@a;6'frITa; @®JiJ:f!jJ ruffijb @JiJfb ilL;DuJb@ ilLjD6lfa;m ~JiJfb ZL;Du ffi tiM <F5, fijla;Ifi!!ftGa; 6I5J6IJ@@ja;6'frITa; UJIT )l5J6'1iI@fiJ!Di5rjDw , -Mjbrn t5ijD('!jjbIT!Di5r <F(!pffirrUJu YfJL_iiJuSifiiiFr 5'a;.lTujliw :f!jJGlJriu@j fiJ jD:f!jJ . Q U m:[r)ffi IT jIj IT [T ~UJ-,di jb:D'fT ffi $I fiiiFr UJIT ;D jD:iJ:f!jJ L!Di5r a;"LGIOI.J L5J[T Wwrrr;;~W-LW,TW Gwoiva;L_@1.£ITWW (!:fJ(!IJ6l1:f!jJw !OJ jIJ:iJ jljlT!fl 6I5Jm[TGlJITa; UJIT ;DjD W61f! LfiJjD.{f;J . @ffifbGiDa;UJ WIT ;bjDriil a;&r8> a;6l1W!8;('!jw GUITQjb6'u61JITW, :!L;DuffifiJuSiw QUIT(!!jffirrfbrrcr ;EJ&uGiDwa;1iiYfI1OiJ 6J;DU@W GUIT(!!j:D'fTITllJjb wlT;DjlJjiJmffillfw-@@S)jb

@1Ll;D<lOOa; bI9r§@JITWWIT6riT:f!jJ :f!jJ6'u ro6IllJ uur a; <011 m[T 1lJ.[f)J 8;a;

(lJJUJ-ILfw - <FLLW, -!J{[TfilllJiv, UJjljLb. -!J{/pfiilUJriv ~6'u61J flil jbjiJ

46

fPlGlJ@jIT6riTLD GUITW jlJGlJ;D;DI6'u - &(lfJiiiJa;5 Q<FITW@Gv. fir/fJfb5 filjJjblTJiJfb f,ilJlij-6lJ,iJa;liiYfIoiv wiiiMijbrTa;m @/fJ.§j GWIT fb&-V ilLmfrTtB.{f;J Gu IT 1}'(TI,.q..:iJ jrT <i>fiJ@rTa;G.;;rr IT ~ JiJ.§j80 iiJ jJ jb IT JiJ jb GlJ LSj.-1OI.J riiJa;rorfi6'u -!OJjJu@w UJlTjJjDj,mfblLjw G6l1.[f)J u/rflffi.{f;J8; a;,Tmf GGlJ~(Elw,

" 'fjJ@ wWl.§j&M U U jJ;DJ UJ jJjw /ffi a;@jiJ/ffi -!J{GlJ W fbrDisr Ow, u

u;D;DJjJ jbITGw Q5>IT~rL'!/-(l!J<i>@'jLD ;EJ&MuLj8;a;Oorr ~LSj.-u

um LILl IT a; 8; Q a;mi"iW-lf/-(f!Juu fijlriv&v . ~ fb UJIT $I rfI fb ITrDisr , 1.£1T [f)J ,<'l> riLI6If! LfiJ jD @dJ,<'l>ma;UJ 'fjJ(f!J a; IT Jijl;U U@jfiJ6If!IlJU U jJ;DJ Ilf LD -!J{ 8> a;1T61Ju U@'j,@8;('!jrf)1lJ ilL=iTm6lJ8; Qa;IT~(EI jrTuy# Q<FITGiJGiIJ

(ljJL9-UJIT.{f;J. ~fojJ('!j wlT@a;, <FrflllJrrw C!jJm jDuS!riv 6I5Jffi 8;('!j

riill.§j;fJ@j. QUIT (f!JWIT IlJfo GlJlTfPiSi~6rr6'fr (ljJ[Jrdrirurr(Ela;Oorr8>

Qa;IT~(j):jbITw, <F(lJJfo,1T1lJ ilLjJUjJffj:# <F8;fiJa;<§!!J8>('!jw ilL;fJUdJfb! :!LjD6lfa;@!j8;@'jw @@S)LGIlJ @®JiJfljJ f,ilJ(f!JfiJjIJ GWIT fo&l8. Qa;lTrdrir (j}IfbIT~ -!J{@J6lj~rT6If!6l1 6'1iIw8;a; Grud5r(£lt.£. . . QUIT :f!jJGlJITa;u UlTrT8;@u51LjJ/ffi. ~iiJUJ UIT~ :!L;DudJfii (!pmjD, ud5rmL8;

a;1T6V ilLjJU,dJfijI (ljJmjD, ;E!GilJut5i[TY:iJ/ffiGlJ ilL;fJuffifii (!pmjD •

Willrow- - (!:fJ jb6IJ 1T6lf) dJ.{f;Jru - :!L;fJu dJ fiji (IJJ@S) jD ~fiJlLlru ,ilJr;wI j1J5

<F (ljJ folT UJ jJ fiirDisr QUIT (l!JWIT jb IT [T -!J{6If! wu t5i1OiJ GlJffi iT .rB/ffi (lJJrn

Grow-;DJ1Ll <Fa;lTu,<briua;w GTW.[f)J a;,_jDGilJITLD." (1866 l!J®&v

7w G.§jfiJ wmTa;GYv 6TriilQa;rivaT8.('!j 6T(!IJfijlllJ a;LSj.-ffifiJ$lriv fbdJ

:f!jJww &@8;a;WITrow- 6l1m[TllJ[f)Jumu f?uyGjJjlT 8;@ja;: ' ':!L@S)!Jlu

OIrn ~riila;mwumu :!L;DujJfijl80 <FIT ffirow-,iJa;Gw JffJ,TlOOMuSi8i

$)rn jDGw- firrn jD jJjLD:f!jJ jbdJ/ffiGillLD".)

6lJ [TJijI; IT [f)J U;D;DI1lJ QUIT (f!JGTr(IJJ.§j iu eu IT ffi8; a;@foG.§jITL_L,dJ

~.§j8; a;~(j):U/LSj.-~ffiffiITw.:!PI' -!J{6V61J:f!jJ ~rnW1w <'FrFiILlITa;g

Q <F IT rn@riv , QUIT@jW(lJJffirivGillIT.§jjJmj!j4 CF C!jJ .§j IT ILl U Lj6IJ U

urT@a;w firliill'/D :f!jJmjDuSijJliw QffiITLrTJiJ/ffi Q<F~~$1 6'1iIrfl6lj

u(ijl~fj)IlJ.§jrTrow-:f!jJ, (IJJ$<DIf!.§j1lJ GlJ[TGiJIT jJ.[f)JdJ ffifo:f!jJ6lJ@a;r;;ff)GGiJ

@(f!J;!Jffi @fJ~(ijl (lJJ8;1ilUJW,7W @jmj1JuIT@a;&rr {Ea;fiJ6I5JL_L/ffi.

C!::P fo 61J IT Gill ffi IT a; , -!J{ $ jb C!jJ jD@S)follJ GlJ [TGi)1T ;b.[f)J ~ ffi ffi /ffi6lJ riila;w -

u5!a;80 iiJ j1J;!J jb JffJ&!u5I ~.rfiJa;"L - wiiiMi ffirT a;rorfirn @}[T6VIT;D.[f)J

ffiLGillLSj.-8.ma;a;rorfirn filjJjblT$jb GjJjIT8;a;riila;oo WL_(£IGw ~[TlTti.JdJ jbGw-aGlJIlJIiill'pS! @JiJ.§j ajJjITa;a;riila;.,rr GjbITIiill'.[f)J6l1jb;D('!j8; a;IT[T1OOM wITuSi(I!JdJjbGlJ;DmjDu urfl&'ro6Ia;a;G6lJ @GiJ&v; <F(!:PffilTlLl :!Lj1J6lJa;rorfirn .,gJJGiDwuLj C!fJ~jDuSirn 6l1;;rTrT#iiJ6If!UJ ~@!jw LjjDtff/&u .mIfi)a;oou yrfl$:f!jJ Qa;lTwmGGlJ ~iu&v; QUIT(f!JWITIlJ.§j ilL;fJUdJ$I .,gJJ6If!L;!J :f!jJww Gill~rT80iiJ JffJ&uuSiiu ~ffijb80 <F(lJJjblTllJ :!LjD6lJa;6YfIrn

47

('_IJJ6lJ(]6lJrta;roir @(l!jUU~ffia. a;fidML;D!$~ Qa;fTroirrii'lT(]GlJ @6V&u. @[TfidMLfT6lJ /Ii tt 8> , (IJJ $~ /b f.1.J ffi /b ffi ~ GlJ r5Ja;roir 1DctJ.m ~lJffiI m J15 L6lJ 1.!J-8; rDfl a; 8i&rrU urf)~615) 8;a;(]GlJ u516V&v . 6lJ [J@iT!I)I 6lJ rDflSi UU L_L_ Gil UfT (l!j6rr(IjJ jb6V6lJfT jbW jbfTW • LDSiSiW $I [T WI@IrDflLILl 6lJ tt IjlSi <imSiu51w &'(ljJjbfTUJ ;ffi&u<imLDSi&rrlL/W, @/1>jb Jffi&u~LDa;'4tfJ6V 6JjJ U(E1w WiT !I)lj!jliivSi&rrlL/W @f.1.J jJ~Si G6J<§@)IT6aT ti>$iW ~iv.,£JlLl.d>

f[)JLW urf)~615).d>j!j,aSlGll~ jb (IJJ/bW (IJJ/b@iTa;.# s tt .d>f5iUJWiT 8;

€iI f.1.J f!jJ . WiT tt Si ara.@j (IJJ /1>~ ffi f.1.J " &' (Yl j!j tt f.1.J GiiI<§~iT6aT(Ylw",

6lJ[T6lJfT ;iJ,aSlILl~W - uS111i ~Wr'rrurrM Q&,iTivGlJQffiw@6V-@r5J Q SiiT<W!I)I W ~rii1GJ SifTW !f)IWIT SiU Q UfT !f)IMii)5 (]&' rt ti> j!j U.# <im&,f.1.JiT6aT 6l5l6lJ[JrlilSiWlw 'fjJ(I!j jr[T'_'_~L.§3 j!j$j!j6aT; 6lJ[T6lJfT jJ ;D!W @1Lla.SiU (]UrTa.&i1<w ffi~UU'_'_L ~ <!J)jW&'IliNJ;&rr# ~.d> jiM).d> ffi6aT . ()T jrQ [J@[TrT6IIT GJTiv@iTU GUiT 8;@jSi'4tfJ,m an_L_(ij GIlD rr :'fii'fi~0)i'filLl'iJ urf)fJ s6l.d> ffi fj}<w fYJ6lJWfT Si6lJ W , &'(IjJ j!j1T f.1.J ffi @!§Jli6rrrii'IT U iv(]GlJ IJ)J ru r'r1i;&1tiJ1IiffiI m GIl iT!p rDlf ' .1L;D U .§3@ u;D;J5J UJ @LLWfTSi GlJrDfl[TILl!I)la.a;8; an_I.!J-UJ ;ffI&u<imLDSiWfT Si ~$j!ju

GurT 8;@jSi&rr 6lJ@!j.§3§lfo tfj!Bffijim !y@WiT8>rDlfw, jb.mlUULL

"(8w(86lJfTJliJ$1UJ" a;(l!jffi~8;a;<OIf)w affirtrDflGlJU urA~.,£J.§3jbritJ,

~6V6lJ [!jJ ~6lJ jJrDfl ,fD Giilrii'IT 8;@jGlJjriJ21 W ~ Si ;ffI&vu U tr tiese» <im ILlILf W /Ii'TwGtfjiTW ;DIffiffi~ ffi~/Jj'4f.b rDfJSiG6JLL$im !y@wiTa;rDlfw, G6J@ 6l5l6lJ8;@j ()T jjjJrDlf u5)w;DI GJT 6V6lJfT 8; Si(l!j.sf; f[)J8;Si@!jW uritJ611~SiUJiT6aT GJT6V@iTU GUiT 8;@!ja;@I5w QUIT(l!jilllTf.1.Jjb llL;Du.§3j1# 8'8;@a;rMI<w

{t1&vrDfl wu51(]6lJ ffiiTW aru r'r QSifTfidM 1.!J-@a.fiilwjD6aT GJTWUrDfJ ffi

Gil GlJliiff)u u(E1.§3@ILlfj)<W ('_IJJ6lJ WiT Si6lJ W , &'(}jJ ffifT UJ-Qu iT@rii'lTiTffiiT[T

~rDfJWULf (ljJrDfJjDa;liiff)w (8;5)fT;DjDw, 6lJwrt.#€iI, fD6i'&rDlf ()TwjD

@f.1.J8;SiU GUfT 8;rDfJSiU u;iJ;D! (IJJ(IJ'j!jWiT6l5lUJ, (Yl(!JJVillWUJfT6aT

urAfFr5u&ra.@5 LDfTrt8;~f.1.JW GlJ!:p a;ITLI.!J-UJ!1)J. w8;a;roir {brliJ8>@!j rDfl LUJ GlJ [J@iT,dJrDfljDffi jbfT ®SiGW .1L.,m LiT a.&i1a. GlSi tt 6rr &i1w ,fD6aTrT. ~I@riiu w.,mffirta;Wlm, W8;Si6rr Glu(I!j$$l[J<OIf),w Q8'UJ6V GJlj,T8;!J;JliJa;&rr !ffirtromu5iuu!1)J r;;r~? r;;rfj)Q[T$i[J'T~ Si(l!j.§3f!jJ8;Si6rr, (]GlJLrDflSi !J;@I58;@5 @<imLGUJ (]WfT ffi&v 1lL~ LfT 8; €iI mGlJ uU!1)J

GJT ~ ? w.,m jb &' (IJJ ffi tt 1Llr5J SiGJf)m Gi W tr tb ffi tb fj)[J<OIf)w 00/1> jb

«teoeotr (8WfT ffiritJa;'4tfJ@lrDflLf.1.J6ljW an_L(E1 GiWiT tbffiw sr jjjJ?

ww, ffi6MI<w GlJ l}"@iT;DfI)J fD LGlJ l.!J-8;rDfl Si fiTriu@iTGlJ;b;DI;D® W ~ I.!J-u UrDflLf.1.JiTa; ~rDflw&i1jD GlUfT(I!)rii'lTfTUJ/f) GIlfT!pG6Jw .1L;Dutbfiia. SiIT6aT Lf,fD!ffi&u<imWSi6IT- u.ureneu? @$/bu YjD!J&urDflwa;<iffI@rr" GlJmrf# &1a.@jrAf.1.J 6l5ljl fiT~? -@GlJjJ,aSI@rr" L£GljbritJ6lJfTW LDfTrt8;roW fDw~

8>GlJ6aT tbrDfl ffi.§3 fii®u t5I • GlJ [T JDl)fT .!J)J ~ill UU rA UJ U6vGlJ <imSi

(]GlJ U)/ UfT (E1Si@!jW (lJJiJ.,mu fT(E18>@!jw Gl a; 1T.,m I.!J-(I!) $ ffi [jUJ8;SiU

rJUiT 8;8>fTu5i(l!j $tfj GUiT@!§Jli W ~rDfl ffi $lLLGlJ LLWIT~ .£J fij1

SiJiiTl'lTiv ~@!jmw Q&'uJUJuuCElw ~ fJ[TfTrm [jUJ8;8>U (8UiT8;8>IT8> G6Ji§@IT~ ~l4-uumL..u5l(86lJ uu5IdvGlJj!j;D@j GlJ,p 8>ITLI.!J-@rt.

rurTlM.U GurrlJrrLLlD

fiT$t!3 ~(I!) @5p5lLJI..5ILL.. 8'(ljJffiiTUJj:,@~w ~ffi@rr" €il6lJ .1LU)/u

t516aTrT Si61f)m (8ri1lLrDfl8>8>6rr, [jt!3[T .1LfI)Jut5I~rt SiGJf)GiJr (8ri1lL

rDfl 8> 8>@ljL..@rr" (8 WiT $i8;Q 8> tt roir &i1m ,fDrm et m U §l W , &' (IJJ tfjiT UJ

GlJ tt J.ixiil6V (IjJ[J ~u IT (fir 8>6rr W s6l !Bf[)J €ilL8;€ilm jD6aT riTWU f[)J W ,

(8 ;5)8'r5J8>@lj8;€ilr;;rnLu5i§Ww &'(IjJ tfjlT UJr5JSi@!j8;&i1r;;rnLu5i§Ww ~(8 ffi

GUiTriu ~GlJ;D;DI;b@j IlLrOiTrJWlL/W GUIT[TfTLLW fDLUU<imtfj GlJI}"@ITfI)J GilriIlGJf)uuCElfof[)J€iljD~ fiTwujjjJw, ~~ fliG6J[T, Y[TL&18;

SiiT@UU@j@, t51,£iJGUIT 8;@ja. a;1T6lJuu@5fi' ~8i)UJr;;rnGlJ , (]UiTrt 8;

SiIT@UU@jfii, &,WfT jbiTrm ~iT6lJuu@5$l ~fiilUJr;;rnGlJ, affi8;8>8;

8>iT@UU@jji;l, (]6lJ8iWfT6aT (lJJ6MC8rm ;bIDS; SiiT6lJUU@jji;l <!J)jiv6lJf!jJ

Jljs6l6lJ8; 8ifTJDl)Uu@5$i ~fiilUJr;;rn6lJ JOrw!J)I SifTJDl)UU@jjlSi6rr

W tt ;J5J WiT ;rll 6lJ@riIl<imffiILfW 6lJ [T 6lJiT U)/ Q GlJWJ U uCEl tb f[)J&i1 ,fD f[)J

1iiT,m U ~ W GJT dv(]6lJiT (I!j W ~.aJi fi; ffi .£JGlJ [J JliJ8im iT@5W . fij1m8iu

Jd,L(firW yjJrt CJuiTriu, ®IjlUUI.!J-(]UfTritJ CJ;'biTwfI)JW [jmtfj

~@!jw .£Jjl8>roir GJTm~Gl6lJWUrDflffi8; 8>.,mCElt5ll.!J-uuffi;b8iiT6aT ~@j i;ll,p Si tr LI.!J-<im lLJ , .,gJf j!jfT GIl f[)J GlJ rt S;8iU aU tt [T tt LLW fiTw,fD j!j ffi ~GlJ.§3rDfJ t!3, LDiTrT 8;~UJLb /b(l!jfiiljDffJ]. ~® @j;DIut5ILL 8'(lJJffif1f.1.J tb jilGiJr , ~riu6lJ f[)J &' (Yl jb rr lLJ .§3 Gl /biT@jjilu51m IiiT riu6lJ IT .1L !f)1LJl.5!<m rt 8i@ljrDflLlLJ a6lJLmSiSi6rr GlWfT ffiffitb<im,s9lLJw uiflfJ!ii6luujilw rou,pUJIT8itbffiiTW @$ffi CJGlJLrDflSi8iGJf)GiJr .£J&trm611u u,£iJ,aSI ~® .£Ji§@iT<m GlJ m8iu U LL 6lJm[T UJ fI)J uLf Bl ® 611 :BffJ] a8' [T (}jJ1.!J-1LJ W . GW!§Jliw, eatt S;8>®SiVifTfT SiU t5161T6lJ~ 1.!J-®s;&i1 jD ~Gl611fT® 8'(YlffifTlLltb@§Ww ~$ffi rur'rIi;&JtiJtMTr GlJGil8;@jW &&v, 6lJiTl:P8irQ6)8i (lJJrDfl JD ~Gil f.1.JGlJ;D ,aSl6lJiT<m aGlJ !f)1UfT LI4-6V ,{lJiTGiJr ~mG@GI LITW U)/

(8 WiT @8; Q8imo1r@!jW (8611 LrQ6)8>Siroir Gil&rr tbGl t!3(1J'GilGiJr jD6aT .

, , @~ ~iT roir GlJ miJ u51 iW W fT<m <F (yJ jb tr f.1.J riiJ 8>61f)eill GIl [T 6lJrr !f)1

~&r ffi~w 611rT BlSiU (8UiTiJiTLLriHSi61T f!jJ GlJ[J6lJITr] jD 9Ib®w' •

'iiTwU)/ I6wlH>ffilliitlffiti, I6Li1 ~;6I~r;\) LDiTrt8;@) 1iiT(IJ'@l@rt (LffTiTjb6llTri &'(yJ~lTlLJ;iJ@w GlJ[T@iTfI)J ffiG6J[T 'iiTmfI)J L.5Jw@iv

48

49

IiiTffiJGia;ivroiu !18'rT ,di~8, Gla;IT~LrrrT). "!Irjljj;j1[FQP<06!L

IUfTW/W ~LrJ-<06!LDILJLb, ULrTfiil{JUJ ZLUJrT@JjliilJeF r?LDfTWlW

UlGi6lJUlILlU UITLDr;r8; @Jjtq-GUJfTWlW, &liiIJuJ5Jr;rLf~w u<Offi&trr

UJtq-rDOOLDILjW, ~8iIOl1I~eF 8'ffiJa; ~IiiiMLfTW/W ma;~~u

uiO®iIUJfT<iff@lW, s,(!'JffiJa;8; 8n_[!)ILtSlL,di~ ~8;®G~fT(l!jW ~8;

8>Uu(i}lG@JfT(l!jW ~6lJ(llj8;Gla;fT®6IJrT $[FfTUUm8> Gi8>fTliiiM

GLfT[FfTuJ, ~® G~[FW LDrDrJJj!JGlJIT8>~W 'fP® (];'li[FW U$J[FffiJ

8>LD!Ta;~W, @rDOOLUJ(I!j'U "GUfT[FITLLW JljL,dij1 lOlIj;ffiWrT.

fj)j;jljU GUfT[FfT L_LW 8'(yJ jljIT UJW (yJ(!}1OlI fbViM Y[F L€i!8>[F U

y,difbrDOOL1JuDlGr;;uIT, ~ivtiitJ~ (]ulTlJn(i}lw IOlIrT8,8>ffiJ8>W~ GiUIT~ ~ySlliiBi(j6'VfT fblTGiM (ifuGUIT ~w (yJUJ-~/DtiitJfTuSi;D!J)J. . . UJ[TLffo~1OlI 8'(yJ ffilT ILl fo j1ViM @t.q..ulT(Ela;fiIf)ro6!®$.;'P.I (yJ&rr ,di G1 jb(!Jl $tliIww jb;D8> IT IiiIJ c!:p jbliilJlTlii'ffi ,di tliIlOlIli 8' (yJ jb IT UJ W 6lI ti 8; a;u UrDrJJa;rrn Wa;!@!j8;@J QPt.q..~a;Ll1I-liiBiumrw&v; UrDrJJ!JlUJ6lI;D;DIGiM @L,di$l6iJ LjfijlUJ ~rT8;

a;ffiJ8>OorrlLjW, yfb:UJ ~8;@Jj(yJrDrJJ/D :fi&vrDrJJWa;OorrlLjw, LffijlUJ

GUIT[F IT LL_ 6lIUJ-lOlIffiJa;&rr1LJ W :fi&uJljIT Ltq-uSi® 8;$J /DG jb ~m p5J

G~,a5J6iJ&v. ~u9~w JljLD~ 8'a;ITUjbLDIT&i!UJ @$,ff> (yJffi6lJITIQrfl,di ~6lI 6lJrT8;a;eF 8'8>lTu!f;fofi'w 'fPC!!J jb<i1!fJ @UJ6tJL-! IiiT";"WQIOlI<i1!fJ<iv, 6lJrT 8;a;U LJrDrJJ8i~LDa;&rr fi/ffil 8r0J8;OO (iflii'ffirDrJJLDUJIT 8;OOlLjGYrW ~: 8'!.!:p/bITIUW 9L(iJiGiLDIT foffiLDlTtll Gwgww GLDgwW @® Qu®w UrDOOa; QjltliITW8iWlTtll, (iffij)®W yf?/®LDITW @® QU0JW ~rT8; a;ffiJa;WITuj-(!jJjljOlJlTliiYfljJ~1OlI 6lJ1T51a;(!jJw UITLLlTiiIf) 6lIrT8;a; C!J"W,Ttll - L5JW6ljGMJr(j}l ~®OO,ffJ~. " LDa;,dijljITW t5JQ[Tr§8rU Lj [F L_ iihlJ raW 51.TiiiiJ a Q jb IT L(El mG [Jrr U t5I UJ 6lI [F Oil.! ,IT (I!j' IiiM ~ tf! a;y,1i iii a;~8;® ZL~r55ILDuSiGtiitJ ._g)ftq-UU[FUUIT8i .2..WW 6lJrT 8; 8iU GUIT[FITL....L,diiiIDjlj, UtiitJ JljIT(Ela;fiIf)(J1iiIJ u518i,di QfbliiYfllOlllTa; GlGlJiiIf)u U(£J!i>$lu51®8;$J/DffiI. UI[JlTmiiFI<OiJ CYJtq-ILl[F 8r C!J"CiiIJlfDrDrJJUJ LS~(i}lw !OJ ;Du(j;l;J5J5/UJ tJ;ITOIJUU®fij)17, (ffil(]UJrT, ii)G6flJIT, uSJ~lU, $:GlLlrT GUITW /D) UIiiIJ 6lJ[J1iilJ1T ;D(I!j'iilrf11urt 8;CW !OJ ;DGla;IiiM(]~ (j fbrT;D!J)J ro8 ,difb:®8;8i) ,ffJffiI. ~@lrT a;w ;§;a;Jj)MRa;rorflw ~jblT[F j;$:1iv QUIT tliI ZLGiMbIDwa;mr8; a;mD~TU LjfDUULL QUIT(Ij!~ @11Ta;a;U (]UIT[FITLLWjljITW UlQ[Jr§ar @1[JSiJIT!J)J C!J"(Ij!@1rDrJJjljlLJW yrA$~ Qa;1T m!iill flj ;jx:!)rfI UJ ~ts!-U UrDrJJL IiiTrn !J)J !OJ;D!J)J8; Q amill W G 6lJrDffl uuu jlj ITuSi ;D.fl)J . f!J!D3 6W 8' a; IT U jlj lo - CYJ jlj 6lJ IT IiiYfI 6lJ ti 8;a; ,di $:w /d,[TraaT

Q@l/D,a5JmLU8; @Jj;DI8;@JjW 8' a; IT U fbLDIT@jW; Ulr:r jJ;§;$l ffi~6lJ

rffJ!J)J6lJ GMciNJi W , (mi!:l]rDlJlT(!!j8; ® W !iJ<iv1iilJ IT@! LL IT ~ W ) ur;r j; fb ~Wr086u .2...61r<iIT ~IT 8;®rfibIDLD, LD!ii6JGlJITGM, LD8;5100rr 8; 8i@lrTj;fb

fbim- U u,di jij: rfk)6) a; a;w C!J" /b 6lJ ITliiMbIDrDIJ @®8;&i! jD 8' 51 IT ~ jlj W,T ~ ~ ; r;;TU(]UIT ffilW IiiBirfi@1rDrJJLJiiffil Q51ITGiMGL (]UIT@jlo, ueou: 6lJITUJf!Jfb !~.{!jITy51Iii1JITWrT 8'ffiJa;rfiJa;w, (yJ/brDIJIT1ii'ffi51W 8'ffiJa;ffiJa;w C!J"ffiliilJ!TliiMrDrJJ~

~(l!j8;&iJjD 8'a;ITUjbLDIT®U. @$fbli 8'a;lTujljw (81tiitJ 8'LDlLlr!il

a;lii'ffi6iJ u51a;~w 'fP(!!j8'mTUITm-, ' '._g)frDrJJLDfijiUJITGM' , , ,. 8'LL

~/bIDLDUy8;®LULL' , 6lJlJj-~,difijiGtiitJ @C!!J[iJfblT ~w), ~ITa;a;u ilUIT[J!TLLW /bITW ;§;a;y,lilJ'l8i6'fflrn r:_LjJws5!rDrJJ8' r;;Trn!J)J (yJm&M G61L u5/a;,di QjljliiYfl@1lT8i G16lJlii'ffiUU(£J,difijl@JLLrJ-®8;OOjD~. ~.ru Q6IJITC!!J WrT 8;8ij;fij)~ 6lJWrT liiiFI8;@JjrflUJ $I&vrDrJJLD8i&rrU U ;D;DI1lJ Ll@jUU IT tll~ 8' WU $ jlj WIT 8> , f!JGl1 <i6r 8'(yJ ffi IT ILl ,di ffil.:gww ett ~ QG)l}ITC!!J ~rT8;8i(!fJW @l$l8;@JjW ,rff/&v66lUJU U,rb;DI1LI y,ffJrffJ&Vu U@JjUUITIUGlI @J~ILl~ffilr;iu 8'(LfJjljrTlLl 1iiBi~~ITWW IiiTWIiiM Gi8'tlllLl GGIJ~(£JGlLDW 1DI LDlTrT 8;!iiiv IiiTffilrTurrrT ,dijljlTrT r;;TrnUrDrJJ/b LDrTlT8; mm ILW\M,roJlii\J(ilci; ILL~ ~;Dlli.rn&uilro1(1_1j.mj!) OlW6lJ®W

@l1T8'8>W j!jLD8;®8; 8i'TL(j;l&iJ/D~: ' '@GID-!l"lI C!J"jljtiitJITIii'ffij;~6lJ

6lJrT8;8ifomjlj IiiTjilrTfofffi$l;D®W liiT6utiitJlT 6lJrT8;8>ffiJ8ilii'ffi~W UfTL

L,ITIbtf) G)l}rT8;8>W WL(£JWfbITW GlLDtiJUJrT8i(]~ yr;rL:_Jn8>r:rLDITIiiM

G)l}1Ta;8iLDIT@jW. !OJ&rr1lJ 6lJ1Ta;a;ffiJ8iGrr jfj@~,di QjljfTlflr;;6/~ ~

6lIWrTeFlJ'lu51w (LfJw@1iv ;'liiD6!!iilf;D!J)JeF f'i)66lfb[iJfffi QPt.q..r081iv LDrDrJJjD[iJ~ (]UrT&i!w j!J~, UITLLrT6'ffI G1JrT8;$W LDL(iJiWjljITm [!5@IiiMj; QjljITIfl~8;(]a; ZLrf1,di/b,T~ ._g)ffbW (]jfj[TUJ- ~&rr6lJlTtiJ ~rDrJJw&i!jD.;'P.I:

U;fofb:lLljlj[TU UH/_$l&v8>lii'ffirn fiilPu U®ffil8iWITOOUJ 81!l"l1 UL Lr55I /DlLIlTfifTrT, 8irDrJJL8;8iITr:rrT, bID8ir08&M(§rT, G6J~8'lTuSi - @6lJrra;w J>T6iJ(]IiiIJ!IT(0W Gi~ITL__rT [iJ~ jljJTW w,difijlUJjb[TU LlUJ-rffJ&V8>6'ffIm

8n_[!)I$fifTITtiJ tEUJ-j;fij)C!!Juujlj;Da;ITa; C!J"fbriiVrTlii'ffi;J5.;'P.1@1 6lJrt8;$j;rDrJJfb

(if ffijlrT ,di~u (]UIT[T!T(Bi&i!crgrT a;w. ~8i(]@l, @6lJrTa;w UtpbIDLDU

u;D(I!j'WrTa;(]w ._g)fW,!lSI YIJLiiFI,diffimGlflLD @1lTtll[iJ(]jljJT[FWliilJrT.

._g)fffil UJL(j;lLDlivriiV, @6lJrT8iW t51;D(]UIT8;8imaIjT~rta;~w 8TI..L; 6j'QGMWJ6iJ 6lJlJrDlJlT;D,!lSIm 8'8;51[TfobIDjlj @6lJrT$W OlwG~oo .2..(0W Ii G18'tlllLl (LfJUJ.'i)liOOcrgrT8iGrr. 8' [iJfbrTUU@l8'LDITtiJ @~rT8iW YIJL6'la;r:rLDrTtiJ (iJ(0UUlTrT8>WlTu5Iw, (iJ@lrTa;r;;ir UITLL,TIii'ffi ~rT8; 8i,di~8;®U (]UlTtiJG6J(j;lw /b!J)J6lJrru511iiu @C!!J8;OOcrgrT8iW IiiTmu(jf!> ~fb;D®8; a;1T[JraaTW; fj)6iJGlJIT [!)I @6lJrT8iW UIT ffila;lTuu~ fbLD.;'P.I J>T fij)rT a;lTriiV JljriiVW 8i&rr(]UJ ~m;DI $la;Jj)8i.rTrDIJ (!Jfoum 8i&r ~6utiitJ; UITLLrTIii'ffi @lrT8;8>fo$lm (]f!JIT 8;® $I&urDrJJUJ ra;J ;Di'!jw QU{T®L(Bi,

jljLD~ Gi8'rT[iJjb Gf!JrT8;® rffJ&vrDrJJUJ8; Glfl8>IiiBi(iJi&iJcrgrT8>m."

6lJ1J6lJ1T ;D!J)J,di fffibIDjDuSiliilJlT~ UtiitJ !JjfT6iJ8i6YFI6iJ (UlTrT8;8i: ~~

50

51

U LI!f-UJ6ll) QUfT (l!)W(IJJ jfJ6uGll tr jfJ Gllma;U ULL Gll (piillfT ,riJ;6! ILl iW 8;@j "fjrillQGllfT(I!) ill.lrT8;a;U C8UfT[JfTLL(lJJW ~rT .d!/([JfillLl6u C8UrT[JfTL L WfT a;" i!JW, 6T UUUJ- @(I!)MiljDjpl 6TW ff)J Q jfJ6Tf)Gll it a;8; a;rr L (Elw GllG'ffir=TW fjliiJQrurr® jbWlj,jfJdI GllrT8;a;ffi§)w rf/&vmlLlu u;n;J5ill.{w, filGill ~LDUJffiJa;6Tf)civ fjCJ[J Gl1rT8;a;j,$';n@jWroflJ(l!j8;@jW U6uGGl1!I)1 @j(gl8;a;IiiIflIiM, u@j§)a;1iiIfl1iM rf/&vmlLfu u;n;J5iIl.{W U@jU U tt tiJGll;flJ;b@j uut rT 8;<it! ~ uSI(c!Jj.0 jlj • ~w u518; a; 6T(El ffijpl8;

a;fTL@a;m jfJ(!I)Yil(!!j'rT. Gll[J6I)fT,riJff)J G'IlWrT o#&'IuJJw QWfT ffijb

®i&,rmG'll rf/r-r-iwuJJUUjlj,riJa;fT a; 0# S(ljJjfJfTlLI IlLjD6IJa;&rrILjW fj(l!j

G'IlrT 8; a; j,$I61li(l!j!Bjpl w;bQ@@ G'IlfT a;a;j,.tPI8;@j, ~JDj;jb a;fTriill ffi @@J(l!jj;jpl G'Il(l!jr5Ja;rrOilJ ffi.tPI8;@j WfT!I)lw Gurr .tPIWr.iYT @rnL~~U U@j§)a;&rrlLjw Q,mG'ffiL 6T j,jfJma;UJ &'I8;a;riillfTG1fr 'iiIJ&uU OiwrQIJT&u W tt rT 8;<it! U@jffif!jfT[J tr tiJ m(!!j'rT 6T liM U f!j,riJ@j CJ wCJriill a; tt L...UJ-1Lf 6lJfT~a;w 'fjlrT IlLjbfT[Jr=TLDfT@jW.

LDfT ti #ilw f!j ffi jpl G'Il j, m f!j uS! a; ~ W ~!p ib f!j , (!jJC!:IJriiIJl LD IlJ tt rQIJT GlJ 1Q1j)a; uJJ iW W , ®i GlJ [J WfT ILj W IlL ff)J fijlu u(El j,@ 0# Q~ UJo.V u(El ffi f!j GlJ,p

a;rTL...(El'ii!J§/ ~Gl1(1!jriilJlLILf QUfT(l!j6ITfT jfJfT[JU CJUfT jfJ&rrr f!jfTW.

t'f O\J~niJ 6TW /D !$Tr£im- (ljJm-@1riiIJl[Ju5i6u LDfT ti 8; <it! Qsmiv Gl1 f!j tt GlJ tf)I : " ~rc3 rQIJT S (IjJ ;Ii tr ILl j, §)m- " ( .d!/( jfJ tt GlJ tf)I (IjJ jfJriiV tr roflJ j, tf)IGl1, !drT~rillrr !F(lJJjbfTlLfffi@w) "!i,)UJ8;a;,<iJjiJjiJ(c!Jjrf11Lf Qurrr:!!J

6ITfT f!jfT[J ®i@1iMl1lJ QGl16'1fiuu(Elj,fjjl8; a;rrL(El@l§/jfJfTm- @ffi

1Jj.rro6lw ~!I)I@llJfTHr C8~fT 8;a;LDfT@jW". euireotr ,riJ;J5iw rilliJ!1GIlJ

rillm[J ILl !I)l8;a;u UL... L , @j;J5iut.5)L...L 'iJ)(I!j S(!JJ f!jfT IlJ j; $Jw IlL jiJ U ffi $I IlLJD6IJa;&,r .d!/(@l,riJ;6!6M (] jfJlT jiJjDW, Gl16ITrT #&'1, ~~6IJ ~YilUJ a;LL_fiiJa;IiiIflG6V urflfl6VOoor Q8'tiJ@ljpl - ~jplf!jfTW WrrrT8;&'Iw Qu rr (I!j 6IT tt §j tr [J U C8u tt ;Ii&rrru5Jw IlL W ~fTL 8; a; W . (IjJ jlj6VfT 6'Ifi j; jplrill ~c!pjfJfTUJffifijlriv ~L&'I Qs iWffi§/rill§/ u.L~ffi5lTIffi llL;fluJii$J jb,TW; ~a;C8rill WfTrT8;&'IW U@juurrtiJlOl{ u67WLjJriiIJljbu UrfJfJ61:'IUU~r£i(!!J;iJ.tPI Q §jfTLr5J@jfir/D§/.

umrLW 6TWU;!ljJ, (ljJf!j6M (IJJ;flJOilJfTa; w6Mlf!jjJ C8§jmrillIiMlUJ

rf/liMljDrillfT8;@jfirJD fj(l!j Qurr@w.fT(c!Jjw. l&I[JrnrLfTrill§jfTa;, .d!/(jpl.

52

@wQ~(I!) QUfT(I!j@!jLW urflwrr ;flJDw Q!FtiJtf)I Qa;rrwr.iYT 8; 1kUJ-1lJ Qurr(l!jWfT@jw. 51® Glurr(l!jliilflw UILI@1GOILIiMlW .d!/(liMljfJ uUJffi LD~u4 ~8;(c!JjfirJD§/. urflwrr;D/D wfiiULj 6T6MUtf)I (.d!/(civ6Vtf)I, Q'iiIJ!I)lC8w w$luy 6TwC8jD @j;J5iUOiLriillfTW) (!JJjb@Jo.V fj® 'iilJma;UULL @jp51UOiLL .d!/(W®i6Vrrffi uUJw w$JULj a;&,r w;DQ@® 'iilJ1iMla;UUL...L @j;J5iUOiLL .d!/(6IT~6VfTG1fr UIlJW LDfijlUy9i@!jLW urflWfT ;bjDw Q!FtiJ~ Gla;fTillwuu(Elw ~w6IJ d1§jW .d!/(6t)riilljpl ~firjfJwfTa;lOl{w QjfJwu(El$)/D~. @UUUJ-UULL C8a;rr LfT@J Ga; tt UJ-IWT ffi urfl WfT ;fl JDr5J a; ill , 6T r;iu6V tr Iiill 1iMla; IlJ rr ffi

UIlJW wjiJuya;&rr, (IJJ;D;J5iiWw GGll.!I)l C8Gll@ffimGl1ll.{w fjU

OiL CJGl1 (!JJUJ-UJrr jbriilJlGl1ll.{wrrG1fr uUJW W $Juy a;&rr 8; 8n.L , ~

.!I)ILW ~W.!I)I 6TuGurr jplW ~WUU(Elj,fjjllLI Gl1mrr=TWrru5i®8;

firm- jDffi 6T6MumjfJ ~W@L ~W1UGl1W ~W8;@j8; a;rrL(jj1

$)jD~. l&IdI, Uriill@lIiMla;a;&rro# GSrT;]jb GlUfT(!I)La;@!j8;@j,.

~c!pjfJrrUJ 1lL/D6IJ8i6Yf}W ~(!!J @j;J5iUOiLL ~mwuy (ljJmjDu5iciv

fj!wCJ(!!j'GlLfTw!J)J <iTueJUfTjplW swuU(EljJ;IiUUL(El rill(l!jW

@ibjfJU Qurr®L...a;~8;@jU QurrjplGl1fTll.{ww ~W~W 6T§/?

~SlJ;fl ,Q5lwQUfT ffji ~W~ W 6Tm-G1frG'lGl111Gr@6V ~mGl1 ereoeott W

l'!_OlJl!pu!.11ffi l'!_!!JU;'!J~U Qurr®L1£,~TlTa; @®UUffjJjfJrr6M. 1lL;D

uffifijlu QUfT(!!JL...a;&rru urflwrr ;nJDW Qsti.J~ Qa;rrw~w eJurrffjJ

IlLIiMl/puOiw ucivGGll!J)J Gl1ma;a;&,r LD8;a;m ~G@G'lLrr6M!J)J

~wuu(Elj,ffjJfir@rTa;w. UroWL llL;Duj;$1 6TWUffjJ 8'(ljJjfJrrUJ

IlLJDrDlJa;liiIflw ~riiIJlwuy (ljJriiIJljD; ~ibj!j .d!/(mLDUY (ljJmjDu51iv

f!jw, j; jb6lIf) llL;flu j,@UJrrWrTa;w uGillGl1ma;UULL IlL;DU jb$lu

Glurr®La;&rr 0# QstiJm@rTa;ill (S(IjJ §jfT ILl Gl1 ,pu5iGillfTG1fr IlLriiIJl/puyu Oirfl®i&rrr); ~jfJ§j ~riiIJlwuy c!priiIJljDu5iGu @$jfJ llL,riJuj,fiiu Glurr(l!)La;QWGu6VfTW urflLDrr ;DJDW f?1jJGillwrra; ~CJ@QLITW!J)J swuu(Eljb§jUu@firW/DG1fr. ~a;eJGl1, 6TGuriillfTU umruliJa;@!j8;@jW Glurr~rOlJrrll.{ww ~W~W fj!® fijlLUillLLLDfTG1fr llL;Duj;$IjJ

ffjJmJDriiIJllLI# CJSrT;]f!j w§r'riiVwrrffi IlLriiIJl/J'UY .d!/(o.Vriill; 'iJ)(!!)

@j,Q5lUOiL...L Gl1rii1Jla;riiIJllLIo# G~rT jfJjfJ IlLm/J'uy .d!/(GuriiV; ~~Gu

-J)/Gl1,riJ;6!;D@jU Glurr~rillfTll.{ww ~WSW lI!5LffiLJJWrron ww,jb

IlLIiMl/pUY ffi jfJrrw , ~ jfJrrGl1 ~ , Q urr jpJuumLUJrrG1fr w61>iJ j!j

IlL liMl/puyj,jfJrrw . 'iJ)(I!j @j;J5iUOiLL ~lhr ,!bffjiU urnrLffiJa;6If)w LD $I ULj a;6YfIrir 8i..L...@ Q usr jb jb j, $Iciv IlL (l!jrOlJriiIJl W jfJ ffjiW W ~rJP §jfT IlJ ffi

fijlw IlLm/puy# S8;$1 (!jJ(glrill:ff)fW fj!G[J wroilljfJ IlLm/puLjo#

s8;fijl§jfTW. Ga;rrUJ-8; a;61JIfr8;firCJGill jD66>LQU!J)JW urf1urr;DjD

53

j!jL6IJIJj-8;6OI8i8iW @G1f) jfJ ,rt!('!!jL5/8;~6ir JDW • ~8iG6IJ, fjlGiJQ6IJrT(I!j @jp5lLIL5ILL_ UIOIDL__(yJW, IJ'QP~ITW ru1j51ullru ~ru1i1l!lI£ITmg}_6OI/:PULf Gf!jf7$$liv fjl(!1j @jp5lUc..5)L.L uriuG1f)8ij,jfJrT~ c..5)IJfj},rt!fj}j, §j161Juu@j,~mJDfbJ· @j)15JUL5/L.L UUJ~ wwuLf~W fY® @j;DIU OIL_L UIOIDLj,riI5ljfJ g}_;Duj,j QCFIll6IJj!j;D®.# CF(yJjfJrTUJ 6IJySlu5I<iv -ffJjliillmllJWfTW g}_riI5lffJuOIw -ffJjWriI5lliill8; Q8irT~@j!jfTW, S'(YJ/bfTUJ 6IJySluSI<iv ~6IJ~ILJW'TW g}_6OIffJuLf Gj!jIJ j,fj}<ill -ffJjWriI5lliill8; Q8i!T(;W (EljfJ'T~, ~WWffijLjc..5)W ~ffililj ,rt!rTGOMu5J8;8iuu@filJDfbJ. "urfl W tr ;D JD W &J<OV WfT 8i till rDlfJ8iliillrDlfJ8i IlJ tt W !B W §i/ a: ;Du $ ffiju Q UrT ®L 8iOO Wfj}LlL-j8iWfT8i'# S'WUU@j,~W QUfT<!:pGl/bGv<OVrTW -ffJjGj!5 QCFIllIilf!8iu51~ tillITu5lrilJrT8i -ffJjliill;bp5lw g}_,dJUj,jil8;@j.# QS'6Il6IJySldi a;UULL g}_liIf!lPuOI<ill urivGIiilljJ)l 6IJ6OI8i8i&rrU-JW W~/li g}_G1f)/:puLf et W JD (YJfi6J ,fJ)u5IGv CF wu u@j,jilo;G!(Elm(]@w . rilliIf! jfJ f!jfT t1; g}_Gm"rT 6IJfj}<iv&v; @®,rj)jfJfT ~W QCFIll~GC!!1W_" UG1f)ffJllJ QUrT®6YT.rT jfJ.TIJ6IJfTfij)8ir;;rflGv fjl®6IJrT QS'fTWW§i/ (]UfT<iv, wfBuLf !iiT~u§i/ [j)f7IOID@ j!jUrT8i6'ffl6OlL(]UJ @®di@jw g}_,fJ)rDI!/5fTW; ~$fbJLW, ..fP/,rj)/5 g}_JD6l.J QUfT®WfTUJ/5U GUfTrT6OIGlJ8;@j~ W6OI,fJ)ffi$l(l!)8;@jW g}_JDrDI! fiTW.!J)IW ..fP/6IJrT (]<'frTj,§i/<F QCFfTriv@lu51(l!j8;<f> a6lJlOID@w. @j)15JuOILL 6IJ [J <OVfT !f)J till 6OI8i UU LL CF (CjJ jfJ tr UJ -ffJj6Ol wu c..5)Gv riI®a;m,fJ) <'f(yJjfJrTlLJ g}_,dJUj,jil g}_JDblfa;r;;yfI<ill ..fP/riI5lWU6ri)U (]f!jfTa;® ;£l&vllJfT 8idi Q8irT6W@ UfTrT j,/lJfTlifu WL(jjGW wjiluLf liiTm-ufbJ

fiTWW IiiTwlJ)J f!jfTW yrflr]§)I Qa;fT6iTffi (YJlJj-lLfw;GwiWw,

fiJffi/li g}_JDrDI!<f>6iT Qu®tillrTrfJUJfT8i f!jril5lLQu.!J)Ifilj!J urfJWfT ;biDu

Y6lluufTLU/-1iiu .§jWG1f)W Q&lWluu(Elj,ffijdi Qa;fT6iT~w JDw,

rilj)/liu Y<OVUUfT@ (]8imq..di 8i<OO'5Tdi8ifTW (yJ1ilf!j!J fB®wuj,

w®wu Jff!<f>!:p,rj)~ Q8iITmr(]Lu5I®a;mw,fDfbJ· "wfi)uLf8iW fiTm j!J (YJ6OI,fJ)u5Iriv, fiTGv6llfTU UIOIDLrfiJ8i~C]W Qa;LU/-UJfTa;a;UULL g}_6OI/:pUY Gf!j[J$w<ill $lLLtillLLLDrTW $I[J6iTa;G6YT .q!,@jW." UIOIDLrfiJ8iWlIifu ~Lr~mU-J6iTffi iQ_G1f)/J'utSrm @®Iiill6Ol8i_dj ffim60lw ssnu 6WQJ [J LDfT 8i U U@jj,jfJrTIJfTliJffiffi 0I<ill WfT tt 8; 6W IV ~ (1151 m 6U tst-ru ;:tm~II.JLb u51iJT~m~Il.JLb U@jj,/lJ.rTIJfTIiJQJ $Iriv ~ m@rT . wfijluL5/<ill U<im"6lJU/-QJ j,fj}<ill G;'!iITj);n;:tm;'..!Ju urfifJIDBuutfjf, (fjl® UIOIDLfofi)m- @j;D!uOILL ..fP/W@! w;DQ@® UGWLj,fij)W @j;DIU t.5ILL -ffJjW'rDI!8;® WfT ,dJ;D1di l'JJa;fTwmUU@GlJ/lifTIOM ' 'wfijluLSI<ill .q!,IJWU ~Gv6ll.tPJ /lJ,dJQ<'fIlJGlJfTW IiillU/-6IJW" IiiTWJD) .§j~UJrTW, jIj,dJGl8'ILJGlJITW urflLDrT ;DJD.i.Ja;WI,;6J®~tfjf QjfJrTL,i.Jm, ®;D1Ut.5ILL f}l® uGiWLfofbJ8;@!jU Uiv(]Iiill.!J)l QJrDlfJ8illJfTW uGiWLriua;6iT WfT;D

54

p5ldi Gl8ifTWfi1fUU@6IJjfJfTW, wfijlutSrw (CjJ(I:£ljbWfTo;G!UJ GlJU/-6lJj,

fijl ;D@jW , tSrm Lf /lJriu8iw riI,rj)jb8; ® ;DIuOILL U6WU . .DfT 8i ,

(yJ@jIjffifTruUJ FFLfT8i IiiJ;DULL 8ifTGlJj,$I~6WLfTW w$lur5!m

UGm" GlJU/-Iiillj,j;D@!jwfTa;u urflWrT ,dJ,fJ)w IiillffirTffi.tPJ Iiillr]/5fbJ

u,dJp5lUJ su JIi\lITJ!)! 5lIffi'bUULL @wffi!Lu ~UlTli;ma;u urf!Y'66iu

U(]j!j @riu® WfTrT8;fi')W t.5Ir;rjbrTW Gj!jfT8;<1>W. urfiWIT;D,fJ)w,

UIOIDL g}_,dJufofj} qJ,mUJ6lJ,dJ;D1w 6IJwrT'#~u5IGv tlJi8i g}_UJrTffiffi

651&rliill.rTu5I®uu jIjm HifT r;T'iiffiWfT 8i, UiimW rOTWW QS'rUm j!JfbJ?

fiTriv<OlJfT j, jIjm-l j,jIjGOfi aliill&v<1>WI~w ~Lriu~uSI®8;®W 8'(CjJ

ffifTUJ~ jIjW6OIWriI5lllJ, 8'j)riI5lffiu5Jm &J<OVw ¥ilW@di8iuUL@~ffi

jb~ j, jb~ g}_,dJu j, fj}UJrTwrr 8i~ciim6OlLGILJ $I<OlJ'rDI! W 8'(CjJ ffifT UJ g}_,fD6OIIiill, ~§i/ e!jJU/-wriI5l,fJ)ciim,fDtfjI. u<im"j,$lm UIiiuGIiill!J)J Q8'ILJ,dJ

an..!J)I<1>&rr WrTrT8;6W tlJi8irDl!W o;G!6IJf7WfTHiU u®,dJjbfT[JfTliJm@rt.

(QUfT §jJIiillfT 8i ('_yJ1i\l~m- ~$1.m- .q!,[J wu ~j,fj}UJlTlLJffiJ8ir;;yflGv

(]UIT6IlaQJ) (i)riuGHi ®)15JUUfT 8i ~1iIf! JDdi 8iliill,m)UU~ ,g)fj,fii

UJfTGlJmUJw; ,g)fjIjfT6lJ~, [j)ffiJ(]8i WfTrT8;~W o;G!ffi8;8i(CjJ6OI,fJ) (§L aT WWfTW ffilT s; $ a ffifTw.!J)IfiiI JDfbJ; 8'l<ov Gf!j[Jrius;6'If}<iv ,g)f fbJ aTj,/li LDfTS; g}_uJ,dJjIjp5llLfw 6lJ6OIS;UULLffifTU-JW GjbfTWIJ)JW. ~@iv g}_lOIDriI5lWu5JGGIJ ~ffiffi o;G!ffi8;8i(CjJ6OIj!J urfiWIT;DJDw, U6WL g}_;D U ~ @ ~m ILJGlJ ;iJ;DIw euett If .# 8'l Iiill f7lii1JrT ,dYi"5l JDU u;D p5l1lJ g}_~ffi

UU/-ILJ,TW 6Wtill[JGI96l'fiILJi.J8i&rrU OI[JWWrTGiWLWrTW ~w68J6u

@VLU/-$ /5®mj!JtfjI. "U<im" j,6OIffi8; S;GlJ~UGUfTWfT~,

~:ffiI Iiill!jldim,;6J®uufbJ UGiWLU urflWfT ;iJjDfo$lw f}l(!!j @!jp5lu

OILL HiLL j,6OI jIjGUJ .!!_L&illilf! LUJrT 8;8; @!j;D18;&il j!J ~ • LJ~

LrfiJ8i6'fflWQIiillIJ)JW FFLfT8i wL(£i(]WfT, y/J'dis;j,fijl;iJ®fllLJ CFfT /liWWrT 8ialiillrT, QCF ~j,.tPJIiillffi;iJ®rfiUJ S'fT /liWWfT8;(]IiillrT, GCFr.£/U UfTs;C]QJrT, (CjJ(I:£lffifi1ffTo;G!lLJ UiimWrT8i(]IiillrT U61WW LfrfilLfw ®;DIu 01 LL Q CF UJ ;iJan.!f)J s;6iT cr Gv6llfT W , ,g)fliill ;iJ ;D16u fjl@JGJ6IJfT m- p5l~

~ffi6Ol6IJILfW, ~601 j!J,wL w;iJQ@1Dirr IJ)J et JBffi ~ffi6l.J8;@!j

GwGWfTrfiJ$lUS!(l!j8;&ilJD§J IiiTIDirrUG1f)jblLfw QUrTlJ)J,dJ§J, CF(l:fJffi,7UJ

g}_,0u;iJ@ j!jril5lL(!:fJrjjIJ)JDu5JW r.£/s;riI{w G6IJIJ)JULL $LLrfiJ8i&rrG1LJ

®;D1dimlDirrjDw_" (~Ii\l~m-w, GlffirT(!!j.fi, 1_)

U6WL g}_;Du,dJ$I Gllfi1f.7-,#iJu5J1Dirr ¥il® (§)15JUt5IL...L S;L

L!iJ@1iiu u<Omw et,pliilJffiWWfT$ WrT.!J)I&il!D~' uGiWLU Lj!jl8;

55

8i.MJJlriifH Gurr:§J8o (§,dJjjjlvw OIwSll®wrr{f)J: Uffir(UffirLW)u(umrw) - UGi?iM(~LW); ~jljrrSll:§J ~® umTLd;m,ff> 6lJrrriil@jSlJj!j;D8irr8i w;DG@® uffirLjimffi GI51;Du.f!jJ riiTriifHuj!jrr@jw. {j),ff>;D@j wrr@8i, e!JlriilljljlOMd;fi)w Qurr.f!jJ8o (§d;$Jvw u-~ - u; ~ffirrSlJ.f!jJ (IiJriillrrud;.f!jJ8;@j) GI51;Du ffi;D8irr 8i(]@) @}rrrli/@jSll:§J

riiTWUjljrr@jw. Lf!J)8;a;,.i;$J;D(§8; Ga;rr~@Sll®W UGHr j;,fi)W

~VWU Wjlut5IritJ <iJ;Du@8i1j!J ~fjjla;rfJumu wrrrt8;~ .f!..Um

W$Juy IiiTW{f)J ~1iiI$)/:p8;8i1@rt. (!f!ffiriillrrliff)j;,:§JSllu Lf/:p8;a;,.i;fi)W

rJurr:§J UIiiriJf{iJfi)ritJ @6iJQ/rr[f)J "Gu®8i8iW" 'fJ;Du(El8i1jD:§J

riiTW jD 9:Lffirliil$)!.D 1iiT6vC86Vrr®w ~)J5IdJfbC8 fb. @ffifbu •• Gu®8ia;w' , fbrrriifH UGHr,.i;6l» fb {YJOU;'!iffirnrrlL uitr ;D[f)JfilfD/P; .f!..;Dud;iJiu51w ~® forWI, @}V6Vrr;D{f)J SllyS/UULL, 8'c!::pfbrrUJ .f!..;Dud;iJi lLjD~ riiTW /fJ (!f!6l» /fJu51C86l! ~mwfil jD (yJriill ffir.Jrirwrr a; uxt ;D[f)J8i1 j!J.f!jJ , U~L_{j Lf/:P8;a;j;,$J6£I®ffi:§J lLUrfJ W$Juy C8j!jrrw/fJ (!f!UJ-UJrr.f!jJ; 'fJG'ilOMrWlGi> , U..rnLU Y/:P8;8iW ,'1'(Jjl8iliff)riifH urfJwrr ;D/fJd;m/hd; fbrrw a;~UJ-®8;filjD:§J. ~&u6l»UJ8; 8i>.LUJ-~(El@}fi)m®ffi~w lLUrfi us fir uLf C8 ffi rrw /fJ (!JJlJf-UJrr ~ ; ~r.JrirrWI <iu eu rrffil@jUSllrta;..rr , 6£i;DUSllrt8i~6l»LUJ urpWUr;r JD~LffiJ8i(5W @riillrruffiJ8i~W ~ mfDGUJrrriifH{f)J 8'wwrr8;fil# 8'rfI Q8'uJ~GI51(Jjlw. ~@<iilJ @ffiJC88i JDrrw urrrtuu!§J ~ jljrWIUULL Y6lJUUrr@ ~6iJ6V; Gu®dJ fi)r;rwmiJ JDLJi5(]fb[f)JW 8'r;rrr 8'lf!UJrrr.Jrir, 8'c!::plJ)rrUJ y6VuurrLrr@jW. .f!..ulfi wiJiuLf G'iU{f)JSll,sbW QUrr®L(Jjl, umr{iJ$Jw G.!Frrffijlj8i 8irrvw •• wiJiumu{iJ C8ffirr ;D{f)J6£i8i@jW ~ffirrr;rwrru'J ~6l»wlLjw &'ljDuLf @UJ<iilJLf6l»LUJ uUJw wfijluymGi'ff ~® U<i'iML{iJ6l»jlj<'f .!Fffimffiu51Gi>... (]j!jlJf-8; 8iffir(Elt51IJjJj;8i (]@}..rn@W" -~jljrrSll~, ~dJfbu UilllLd;fi)w ~8irt$)jD @UJ8;8iU rJurr8i@j Wfj;JUIiil$)UU U6l»L8;@jW @UJ8;8iUaUTT8;8irrILjW 1iJ®8i8i (]SlJ~(£)W. ~U UlJf-UULL U<i'iMLW ~ {f)J 9:Lffir(El. ~:§J ,sbrrriifH wrml fbrWIriifH lL6l»!J)uLf.'F 8'8;jl, ~fbw ~8irt~ ,sbTTW lL6l»/:puLf; .f!..6l»/:puLf W firU6l»UU U6l» L8;fiJ j!J:§J. UIiiriJf {iJ fj;iriifH Q.!F tt ffi ffi 8; 8irr r;r riifH .f!.. 6l»/:pu Lf5

CF8;fi)6l»UJ ~fo<Oi>r wfj;iuyuulJf- @}rrffilfil8; G'i8irr..rr€il(0'riifH.

w;iJj!J ~QrOl1rr® u~Ld;fj;i<Oi>r wfj;iuLfu C8UTTriillC8611 {j)Ji5j!j

wfi)uLfw @,sbw .f!..;iJU~fi)8;(§ C8!Ol1ffirUJ-UJ, .!Fc!::pffirrUJ r;;uySlu5JGi> ~r;;u&'lUJWTTr.Jrir .f!..6l»/:puLf aJDv d;fi)@a6l!aUJ ,rtIrtsmu518i8iuu@fil,m.f!jJ ( ~j!jTTQ/ ~ , ~ ~ ~ffi jlj d; Q jljrTyS/fiV rrsrfl CLJ W ~SllW :§J @j(Elw U(!f!W L5J6l»/fl{iJfi)®uu,sb;D@j C8rOl1..rnlJf-UJ Q8'6V6l{ ~@jW). lL6l»YJuLf<'f 8'8ifj;J6l»UJ SllTTriil$)UJ U=eF G'i8'rT,rj}ffi8;8irrr;r@1)/8;@j ~6l»ffiU

UUJrnU(£i~fj;J8; Q8irr..rrm lLrfJG"6)!.DlLjffir@: ~lJ)rrr;;u.f!jJ, ~~,ff>

.f!..rn/fluLf5 CF8ifi)iJ6)UJ JDTT6Yr c!::p@6lJ:§JW- urnrmlr;rffir@ wrnJJ C8 JD r;r w Oil' <Oi>r [f)J rnSll {iJ ftll8; G 8irrm(]6lJ rr W - a6lJ &v 6lJ rr ffiJ8i ~@} @I8;@j lLrfJ6l»WCLJ~@' @®ffi,ff>rr~w, ~ wrnJJ rJ[1iv{iJfj;J<iilJ

(" ~6lJ8'lUJwrrr.Jrir" lLm/puLf C8[1ir;rw) GlffirryS/6l!TTWl fb!OMfffi

t51m!J)ul.../<'f Q8'6l!6l»Sll5 .!Frfl8i8iL...@WW6l{8;@j lL;Dujifi)u

Gurr®&rr<'f Gl8'tUfiJ@<Oi>r; JII@tblJ) ~ w'iW1lfi C8JDr;r{iJ@<iilJ

("lLurfl" lLm/:pUl.../ C3[1iVw) "lLurfJ" lL;Du{iJfi)u Glurr®&rr

JllGi>riillftll lLulfi w~umueF Q8'tU€iI@W. @ffi;D(§ C!::Pfb6Vrr6Yf/

JIIffijljffi Gl,ff>rryS/6lJrrlDlfJ8;@jU U=w Q8irr@uuiJI<iilJ&v· IOTroMIJ@}

lL;Du ,.i; fi)u51 rn liiUJ8;8iuC8u tt 8;$)<>6I® dJfffi urr rt 8;m8iuSlritJ (yJ6lJ ,ff>w d; @ritJ 8irr= 8;8i>.lJf-UJ ~® U@jfi)8iOcrr rJSll{f)Ju@d;ftllr;;u!§J ~@}8'lUJwrr@jw;

~/hTTr;;u~, (@UJdJ$Jr;rrtiJ8iW, lLm/:pUl.../8; 8i®r;;5/8iiiiYr, 8i<'f.!FrrU

QUTT®L...8iW c!::p,ff>mUJ) lL;Duffifjjl<'f s tt ,ff>wriil8i@!J8;8irr8i8o

GlCFIiiV<»JTTfilj!J &&vUJrrw e!Jl6V/hWW; ~f!j<Oi>r wfjjluyGl8irrr§

8'C8WW1W wrr.[f)JULrrw6v (~r;r Gwrrd;ffiwrr8iC8Sllrr U@jiJi

UJrr8iaSlJrr) ,{DUJrrr;rTT!OM .f!..;DUd;@U Glurr®srfI<Oi>r urr<fu torr ;D/fJu u@8i1jD!§J ; JII@ffiffiftll ' ustt [f)J u@Lb e!Jl6V ffiw W : @fffi a: m/:pUl.../.'F 8'8;f_jjl8;8irr 8ieF G.!F6lJr;;uyS/8;8iUu(£i8i1j!Jfffi· liidJffi e!Jl1iiV,{DW ffi@rn w@ul.../ ffl® ,rtIOouUJrru5J®uu@6iJ&v; lLmiJluOIw {j)1U8;8iU aurr8; 8i1<iilJ ~fffi lLulfi wiJiumuu umL~fb <»J..rnGHrW Sllwrtfil/fJfffi· ~8iC86lJ .2..m/flul.../<'f CF8;fjjlmUJ (yJ6lJ,{DrillW arr;r..rn(£i8i1fD ~Wm6lJ8; 8i tr L...L a6lJffir(£iwrr~ritJ IQ_U rfI W@UG"6)U G u: tr ffi,{D e!Jlriill ,{Drill ~ a jIj rr@ ~u LfC3 [B rr 8;8irili rr 8irr fffi ; uxt {f)J u(£iw e!Jlrili fhw ffi !§JLrn wL(E1C8w ~ul.../C8[Brr 8;8i C3r;;uffir(Eiw. ~8iC86lJ, fhLDfffi IQ_jlJrrVGHr jiJ

fjjlritJ , .f!.. ulfi us f_jjlu OIw r;;V jlj W lOT W {f)J ustt rt 8;r;;Yv ~m !P#il jD

@,rj};'b rDI1)fiJfbW 6: 6, ~jljrr@}ftll 100 8' /hrDl1)€iljljw ~@jw.

(yJriill/h~d;fjjlw a;'brr ;DjDjiJW;D@j >illr;rrilirr;D[!)I @}yS/UULL c!::pw C8 f!jmSlJ8iwrr@}w: C!::Pfb61JrrSlJ fbrr 8i, j!jrmliJjurt 8isrflw 6l»8iu5JC81i;1J fJJ® @j)J5lut51L...L JIIw~ih@ju urom-w ~UJ~w, JIIC8jlj fFwUJffi f_jjlritJ Qu,rT fffiSlJrr8iC8.ru U~L .2..;Dud;$luSlw 6lJWrT.'FiR srni u aiJjrr 8;€il6iJ lLUJrt;lifh ;'br;r {iJ@;D@j SlJmrt $@®8i8i6l/w a6lJffir(£iw;

@r;rffirLrr6lJffiTT8i, OOiT~(£J JIIIT jiJj!jffiJ8ilDlfJritJ •• ar ;'b$~r;rW'rTm-' ,

lLG"6)/puurrWl OO®8;8i C86lJ<i'iM(Eiw - ~fbrr.rufffi, ;'b~ ~ lL6l»/flU

Y80 8'ih@mUJ rDI1);iJufi)<iilJ 1OT6iJ6VTT 6'EljlJwrrrill 8iL@uurr@8iIDlfJ65J(l!jffi IP W ffi6l»L8i1DlfJ6£I(I!j;li.f!jJ w 6'EI(£Ju L...L>illrDOr sr rn fD ~ IT jiJ jlj d; @ ~ W , ;ilrilid;f_jjl6£l®$.f!jJw Gurrftll@}TT8i ereceort .f!..;DUffi@.'F CFrr/h~rtiJ

56

57

8i6YiJGJ5)(I!j$.f!jIW sEI(£iULL@16irr ,;rfiM fD -29{rT j,,{bj,fii~w. UJiT(l!jd1i@)

sr ,{bW1LG® ~&ow-8;8iUULiT ~ 8iLL!J)J$,{b lL(ilj)!J!UUfTliilfI,

~,{biT@1.f!j1 ,{b(ill"f[)) lL(ilj)!JlULJ# 8'8;fijlmUJ <il1I;DUfii(i)jljj, jljsEll)

G@1QfD$~ @1yS1uS1gww 0/fii(i)!Jl8;8i c!pUj.UJiTjlj "UiTLLiT~"

@®8i8i G@1..w@W.

~I)rnr@ ~LSJ-UUiilfJLUJiT(ill" (IJJ'iiOO fD8i61fiw e!jJ6VWiT 8i lLUrf)

WfiiU@5lU .mfii8iuu(Elj,jlj C!PIJI-IJ..fW: .mjljrr@1f[)J, G@1&J GfBl)j,@5ljlj

~ @8iUU(£iJbf[)J@1f[)) ( .. jlj6llf! LD rffJ&J lLU rfI W fii U L.( , ) , ~@1 fir UJ

LDrrC5lJr G@1&J GfBI)Jb@5ljlj8; ®@5lfDuu.f!jI ("8'iTrTLJffi)& lLUrfi

W f5i ULJ " ) . C!p fb'iiu @1yS1mUJ uur rr 8ism u@j,fbiTl)iT li.im8iuSiriv ,

G@1&J (]fBl)j,mjE8; ®m/Duufbffi8irr.$j, QjErrySlw'T~ @1rT8i8iW fBLj,fiiUJ GUrrI)ITL_Lj,@5ljEU u;D_aSJtLfw, (]@1&J (]!JjI)j,'iiOO~ ~fii8iWiT8;®@JjEffi8irrg;Qjw (14w .!Ji[T;D@rnrlSJ-ro£/(IIj$f[)J 17w .bOfJ;D@..w@ @Jcii(jJI)) c&lJ&u (]ffi!Tj,mfb8; ®mfDuujE;D8irrg;Qjw (19w .!Ji[TJb@~Uj.w ~&u# 8'LLffij8;W) ~1)8'iTffij8;W jlj&uuSiL@ rilJPijljmjEu uffipSitLfw ~uufiilJ..fw &'Ij,jlI)W fjlfficii(jJ/D

ffiLD8;®Ji; ~C!!J$)@rT. e_apOll;2jmtb QIOIJ61fi@1$fb 8;rr6V$QjljrrL....(£i

@$jE<F fir Jb jll) th@5lfb G LD ~w sElrfI@1iT8i@jW .,s, jlj fo@JOiI.

U'iiuWiTuSi!T8; 8;Grm8;8;iT(ill" '-IfiiUJ s£i61J!Triilg;oo ,;r6'iJG1Jrr !Jjrrg;rfic

fIj tr (£i8;61fi .iJ2Jc!pWW Q ~ tt ifJ6Vrr WrT @UJ8;8iffifiiw 6lJ!T W tr g;.

fh $ fii C!!J8;fi) /D f[)) .

8' rr rT LJ rffJ& lLU rfi LD jlU Lilw lL;Du ffi fijlmUJu u®ffi jErr!T tt tiJ ma>uSi6'iJ uut tr 8;sm, (IJJ ~6IJiTGTfI j,.f!jI@JW et Pifb e!jJ6irr!J)l 8;LLriil8;o;TI rywLDrr.$ lLm!JluOI6irr lL;Duffifiij, @/D&rr ~j!8;rf}8i8i# Q8'tiJ

@C!!J8;$)fD(]jErr , ~ Pi ~ e!jJ 6irr /!)J @1!T6Vrr;D!J)J8; g; LLriil g;OOILj U

Urfigro£/8;$)@rT . .mm@JUJiT@1w: 1) srr jEiTl)<Q@JT8; 8'n..L@jDl5lf;

2) lL(,jlJ)!J!ULJU t.5Irf}s£icwtLfw uLLmfDj, QjEiTySI~w; 3) @UJ;B fijI!Ti:J8;@!jW QUC!!JGtJ,{bffi Qtb.'TySlgww. (IJljE6Vrrralf}ffif[)J61J @J'iilTrT.#j uJlw ~lSJ-uumLUJiTiiM, ,;r(Elj,f[)J8;g;iTLLHOJlff (IJJ&-orULj8; 8'n..!J)Ja;&r LD,TrT 8;W @riilG8; 'iTriiiJ61JGl1TQj ~LDrr 8i Q@1~uu(Elj,

fiiuSi® 8; 8J(!!l rT ,;r W U@5l fb C!!J~UJ iTs£iw " ®1JI-(,jlJ)8' th " Q ~iT ySl6'iJ

",.6irr/!)J Q8'iT6'iJG1Juu(£ilOlJm,{bu u;D;DIUJ ~!TrrtiJ,*firBiw (]LD(]6IJ

®.rJ5Ij,f[)Jww (ljJfbriv @!Trnr(£i ChLLrliJg;OO sElW8;$)8; g;rrL@ @1fb;D® 6J I) tt <ill" usresr sEllOIJ!T riil8;t1irr j, ~ $f[)Jwww 'iTW /D lL..w @5lLDmUJ (]urr$)/D Gurni,filriv ®;DI8;8;WiTW. QU(l!jGtJp, ~UJ$ fiil)ffi QjbrrySl65J<iN 'iT$jEu L.WLfir.$[lWI'T8;@W Q8'UJrivjEwmLDmUJ W'TrT8;6W 18676'iJ s£i@1rfij,fb.T(]l)iT, .mt!Jjb# Gi8'UJ6'iJffjwmw

(C!!J~UJiT, tfJUUiT<iN (ljJjlJ@lUJ) U;DU6IJ "Lf@UJ" fljrr(ElBi61fi(]6IJ

8;Lt!Jjlj ~m!T .!lifT ffi@~Uj.6'iJ Gi@1iiiff1UJiT$)uSi®8;8JfD.f!jI.

G W(]6V Gi ,{brr LrT(]@1iTW . u5/8; uS) 8; U Lf f[))fii(i) LDUJiT =- f[)) W

(ljJdifiIUJLDiT(ill".f!jIW ~Oll~m~ ~~L9'l u;D;DIUJ WiTrT 8ifir6irr u®u urrUJ@1iT®w. r:.!jJ6IJffjC5lJrj,iflw ifll)LifI 'iTW@6'iJ lLUrfi LDfj}iU 0I6irr ffl® u@jI r:.!jJGlJffjrDJrLDrrg; WiT ffifDuu@@1f[)J; lLurfi LDfiiumu (lJJffj6IJrr~uJlw Gi8'iTt!Jffjffi (]jljm61J8ioo(]UJiT, ww s£J(lljuurliJ 8iooGUJrr ;ffimfD!5lj Q8'Ii.i@1jlJ;D8iiT8;U UUJwu(£ithfbrrwriv Lffi'UJ lL;DuJi;fi'8;g;iT8;U uUJwu(£ij,f[)J61Jf[)J. (~LW dvuS)ffi C!Pfb6'iJ) (ljJffi(,jlJ) jlJUJ (ylGlJ<F€iljDuLfWriiff .m[F€ilUJ6'iJ Giurr(l!j'iilTrr jbrr[F6IJrr fiiBiW ",.6'iJ(]6IJrr(l!jw Gi8'UJjb ffj@jfii(i)jD WiTrT 8;.;iv Q@1~uu(Elffifii@)rf. .m@1rTg;W miv(]6IJrr®w r:!jJWjEOJlffW,Tg; ustr ffi/Duu(£iw lLUrf! wfiiuLf (IJlC':f'@1f[)JW W,T f!)Ju(£iw r:!jJ6IJ fbWWiT®W 'iTW!1Jl ",.~owof)8; Q8;rrrnrLrrrT 8iW. ~~6'iJ lLrnrmwuJlGW(]UJ lLUifl WjlULf !1L;!JU~~1F a=[J~m~1t@) ffl® UrliJ8;iT Ch!5ljW, WiT 9)lu(Elw e!jJ6IJ jljiiM j,f[)J8;@ w;DQ@(I!j uriil.g;iT.g;~W Lilrf!8;8iUU(El&iJ/Df[)). ( e!jJ6V fbW Ji; jlW Q WiT j, ffj j, Q fbrr fii(i).g;uJlriv ) WiT !J)Ju(£i W e!jJW ffj rn j, fijlW uriilm.g; sElL ;ffi&uUJiTtii6f r:!jJ6VffiiiM ffifiiW urliJ® ~jI.g; (]GU8i ffi §jJ LW @16YT!T # 9"1 Q U!1Jl@1 §jJ C!:P fb6V rr~ j, §jJ6IJ j, jl6irr 6lIWrT#€ilu (]UiTMi!~t.b, c!:P,<'l}61JiT~j,§jJGUW (]8'rr~6618'wiTa; WiT!1Jl @1 jlj ffi 8;rrW @UJ8;8iU (]UiT 8; &iJ gw W uss: ffi,{b iTiiM (IJl8;&iJUJ j, f[))1OIJ W @1iTli.i$,{bjbrr@W .

r:!f.61J jlJW jb jI tr L firQ jljiT ySl61Jrr'iilTrT 8;~ (!JjU U ffilwrr li.J @UJt!J

jll)rliJg;OO8; Qa;iTrnr(£i (]GUC'GVa;&r C!:PlSJ-jbf!)J8; Qg;iTW@!jW

G U tr 8; fii(i)8; rn@5l[lQj U(El j, fi' ' flJ® (]g;iT lSJ-uSiriv Q 8' 'iiuGlJ ffifii(i) jlj ILf W

@6irrQ®(I!j (]g;m.q..u5J6'iJ 6l1[I)JmWfii(i)UJtLfw 9LrnrLH 8ifilj, "QjljiTySI <OlJiTW,i g;~W flJUUJUJ61JiTW lLUrf)" .mriv<OlJffJj "(lJJjlJ<OlJiT~ffif!)J6lI u5/ma; W8;.g;6/r Q,{brrfii(i)g;U QUC!!J8i@ @oMUfii(i)jlJ8; 8;iTLlSJ-" • 'Qffj,rrySlWrrWrT8;~<iiN G8'WU ULLiT'iilTW" GTW!J)/ Q8'mill wuu(£iw ~mfD (]jljrr ffi!J)J66i8;filfDlffi· @,dJrffJa;y.#€ill11iTWf!)J U61J @1fii(i).$UULL 6lJ Uj.6l1 riil8;6If)'iiu 6J ffiU L(El , r:!jJ61J ffjW W uS) a; u5/8; G6lI8;LDiT a; a: ;DU j, fii~UJ sEI rfiGU tt 8;@GU(,jlJ)jlj.5 8' tt ffi fiji UJ ustt 8i@j&iJfDf!)J . @rliI(]a; fjlffi!J)l Gl8' tr 6'iJ6IJ6U tr W . {iJffi rffJ&vfii(i) W ILj W 8; L6N 6lI8' ffil8;@!jW ,

9L;DUjbfiji# 8'iT jbrmrlil.g;6If)G61J 6J ;Du(£iu f!JlWjlJtii6f j, fijlr;rLfirtLfW

(lJJjb6ViT6YiJ;bf[)J@1 fIj.rr(£i8;~6'iJ .mriiiJ6lJuGUiT Iffi 6J ;DULL uS)fii(i)8;

lLffiujbfiji C;;:,C!)~~m g;iT[lGrm a;iTrf}l11riil8;ooU L..{rf!,ilif!)J

Q8;rr6/r@JjlJ;D@jb /liLUJW jlJ®8il<iiN /DW. @,ffifb QfIj®8;8;Uj.g;r;Jr

58

59

(yJ;2j~@ <!F[JIT<!F.rf/ u.sb:"'JrrrriW@a;@!)8>@j '5J® jbLJQ~@JUJrra; 1ii}";D

UL(£l8> Qa;rr~Lrj-®J5jbG"aT; UfD@j, @m;2j@1L_ $~L, ~r;;V riIlrOrffillrra;.sb fijlLLLDrra;~ Qcrmill6lJ (lpUJ-UJrr;2j etre» !j)mLQriIlGJYf) sB,L(£l rffia;IPP>;2jG"aT. (yJjbGil)IT~~;jffi6lJj,fij)W gIP Iii)" ;iJu(£liil/D f!jJ SV :"'JG"aT .sb fijll)" Lii/ C86lJ t!)J • LfIJ-rr jbG"aT f!jJ SV :"'JG"aT .sb fijll)" Lii/ lOT till !J)J Q5 rr@SVUU@6lJ ;jffi C8ri1l!J)J IiTtill um jb rt/&>srsB, 66J®.sb $18; Qa;moITritT C8ruii'ilJr(£lw. Ljl)"lTjbG"aT f!jJGiI)jbri1JTji; fijll)"Lii/ IOTWU;jffi IiTWri1JT? %)_;Du~fjj1# etr jbIWlI51a;W166J®,ili;jffi %)_~!:puurrGJYf)OiOJUJu UiNrr ~a;rrl)" LDIT a;u J.5JrfI ~~rDJ9@6lJ;jffi. rffiSV .sbfijl66J®.ili~ iii£!riIl5rru51a;oo $ ~I)" $ §)rDJ9@ru;jffi, 5(lpjbrrUJU QUIT;jffi Jffl6lJffi/a;ooj, j1®UJ-8> Qa;lTroirrill~, a;rrGil)~a;roir. r::jb€T!UJ8> a; Ltilla;rOir , a;lTuLj rurf)a;roir, (ljJjbriilJrrG"aT UGiI) Iii}" jJurT(£la;rOir LfIJIT jbri1JT (yJ61J:"'JG"aT $ fijlI)"Lii/u5Jffi eyX.rnULJ8;

8U!J)J8irorrrrW. "Ljl)"rT;2jG"aT (yJriilJjbri1JT$ fijlI)"Lii/" IOTWU~ 00

C88i IT UJ-uSJ6iJ """r]UJeFOiOJCFUJlTriWT" urTLLrrWl~UJ~ a:"'JrT;iJ!J)J

@!j,~, LDjJQ@C!!J aa;msJ-l1il@ UG"@5T8= QCFrr,ilifb8;8iITI)"(hr, (yJ:"'J

6lJm.rflmUJ, a jbrT ;iJ !J)%5/8>iiI jD~ •

"(9l;:!l""rrori1::fi~6lJ (ylrn;:!llm"::fi ~1Ji.ilulim rulJrnrr!h@ rulPu

ULL G'iurrli.mffiu" L51wru®w Lj8;/p QU;DfD QCFrr;iJ~6iJ

LDrT rr a; Sft) iii£! rill ,rf/8>ii! (!!l tr : ' 'a jljl)" Lg-UJ rTG"aT %)_ jJu.sb fiji UJ trett tr a;Wlffi

Q5rrj,~jbU upSl(IjJ/b6iJ QCFUJlLfw a6lJa.v, 1'Jo@!1)"8>a;LD;DfD u(£l

IYJrT 8; 8i j,;jffiLW , u5ia;uSla; QriIlL8i8;aa;LrTriWT, uSl8iuSla; ~urr 5 uxrest , uSl8iuSla; ~jJU~jbri1JTLDrTW, Wla;uSla; ~ySlrurT~, ~®fill®8> 8i $/b8;8; QriIl ;DJlLfliiWrT ~fj:)a;rOrfrT@ .fW~ LU UL@ ;ffJ1ii6) fD(t@J;iJ/Du u(JiI8i!f!J~. /b~UJIT~, ""aUJeFOiOJc'FUJlTw %)_OiOJ!jJUUrTW/lL[w, ~6lJ@1 OiOJLllJ %)_OiOJ!:puLj8>@jrfiUJ Jffla.vmLDa;(O!!jw ~@8i @&M@JiilJJfb ~Lrj-uumLUJrT 8i8> Qa;m'~fLQ/bW!J)J Qc'FrT@riilJ8;anLrj-UJ QtFrT P>jb s uu.m j,fijlUJLfJrrfiJUJ fbr.idJ8=Qc'Frrij;jffi" (sB,@J5rru51, ma;j,QfbrTifJ@ Gl5UJC86lJrTW ~iiI(]UJrrrra;W1m :"'J~#QCFrr$~) ";i48iuUL(JiI

~jbffi @L~fij)@ (IjJ:"'J6lJrrWl$~@Jj, /brafl#QtFrT~;jffi tOT;iJ)!5l

~ru4a;uu(£lfiJ /D~ . @J5fb (IJl jlj6lJrrWl j,~riIl j, jljrafl 8=Qc'F tr j,~ •

J.5J;n@jIii6)LUJ, QUUJl)"mriillr@ Ck(tUJ~~tFUJ,T~ %)_~!:pumu~ arlJ~ (JiIrumfb ~Lrj-uuiilJJLUJITa;4 Q8irT~UJ-®8;ii!;n§J... @uQUrTC!Jl~ QtFfT~;jffi u;DJ(ljJjb@ QtFuJUJUUL (8@J~Lg-UJ@Jffi jbw8;8irra;U UrT(£lUL(£l8; Q8;,TIOWUJ-®8;@!jW %)_OiOJ!JlUUIT~UJ@61J, U6lJ GlfbrTySI 61JrrWla;oo 8= CkI)"IOW/Jf-8> Qa;rTlOW/Jf-®8;ii! /D (lp jlJ61JITWI jljrTm . (IJljlj61J/TIii,fljJffj/@J %)_rDu~fijluSJ607 @UJ6iJurrri1JT I1LrOir r;;il[fij)8iW Qc'FUJ@ u(JiI@Jjljw IYJGiI)LDrT a;. IYJ6lJ jljGo[ W '5J® iilJJLfJUJj,$J6iJ (tc'Fa;rfi8;

a;uu(£lw aUrT8>iilw (yJ61JLDrTa;, @J5jb8= QCFrrjJ~u u)!5l(yJfblOi! rffiiiIJJ/DC8@JjJ;nuu@8i!;n~. mjQuITC!Jl§Jaw fjC!!J (yJjb6lJIT."f). u~ (yJjlJriilJrHiitf!a;ooa; Qa;rriviil(!!lw. @~6lJrr!J)J ~(I!J iilJJLDUJfb§)6lJ IYJriiIJ jlJww r]tF8irfl8>8iuu(£lw (tUrT 8; (8a;IT(JiIanL!J6lJ , ~@ViIJ ~ U61J

(lpjb61JITW/8iW/m QtFlT ffimfb8= ii/ViIJ (yJjlJriilJrTW/a;w u)!5l(ljJfb<iv

Qc'FUJ6lJC8/brr@8ULr]@J, I1Lm!JluLf (lpm;nu51till anL_/£I/D6lj

ruUJ-riIl(ljJw. r;;il[~®ITwffimjb l1L~rT6lf fd,rT@JLfJrTW Q~lTySlcov_

J!JfLUU uUJ<ii&rurrL(JiI8>@!j8; Qa;fT~(j}I6lJ(I!J@J§Jw, r;;il[oo$lriilJ/biiIJJjlj~

fijlLLUUlfj- uliilffru(Jilj,fijl ru(I!JriIl§Jw, l1LiilJJlfJULf8; rJi(I!J.@!a;ritT

1OT<iv(t6lJrr®w Qurr ~6lJ tr 8i !!LuGUJrT fiJ8;@!jwuLrj-UJITa; LDL(JiIaw

~6IDwJ5jlj 11L6ID/pULf8; a;(l!JGfiJa;rorrrra; WIT jJ/Dw ~6IDLi)j)j;jffiW,

1OT<iv 6lJ tr I1L;flU j, $I 8= tF IT jlJffi r5:J 8;&rr IL[ W '5Jw )!5l&w IB jlj , 8'(lp jlJ IT UJ LDUJLfJrrW !!L6IDlfJut.5im l1L;fluj,fijl8= att ;2jwffi/a;rorrrT8i I1Ld]UJlTfiJu ujljw (yJ6lJLDrr8i ~liiIljJlii6)jD8= ii/8;a;ww Qc'FuJ@J§Jw, I1LriilJa;8=

c'F IBiiIJJ jlj Ii7 W jD ru&vu5J<iv lOT <ivriiIJ tt f1jrr (£i 8;&rr 8= a5 ti .ili /b LfJ8;

a;ootJ.jw €T!8;8i m6lJuu§Jw. ~j,;jffiLIiiifr (yJ/b6lJrrGJYf)$~1iiIl ~1Jc'FrrLii/ uSJliiifr CFrTriIlajlJc'F~ jlJliiiir6IDLDILfW, (tLD,rgwW aLD~W @!rflliiIlrrliiM ~mGfiJ@ rumrr8i!Iiiifr;nri1JT. (yJriilJjljfiN ~§)UrT8i~till 6T<iiffi~8>6ID8i @OiOJLUJC'!l~ @!j6ID;nJ5§J Qa;rr~r::L (turr8i!!D§J; @,ilijlJ ustt ;iJjDj, j'l~6iI fiJOiOJL8;ii1;n ~W1an6lJriiJa;m liifiv6lJrTriIl;flOiOJ/DtJ.jw ~liiIlrr 8;am OiOJ8iuu;iJ)!5l lii}"a;aurra;LDrr8>iil8; Qa;rTw8i!w/DwrT. @j;jlJu r]urr 8;@jLW8ULC8ri1l , liiIl!J)JiilJJWILfW ~8;®(ljJ0i0J fDlL[w ~UJ-iilJJLDjJ jljri1JT(yJw @IfiJffl&;lL[w 8i-l)"iiiWL~W w&vC8urriv riIlmrT8i!liiifr;nw. ~@@, !j)j;§JLliiifranLr]6lJ Q jbrTy)/6lJrT,;rf} euti 8>a;j;$Jw iilmrT8= ii/lLfw 6lJmrriilliiifr/D§J' Q/brrifJliilJrr~ IiiIlrr8;8iW IOTUaUIT~W Ii7IiiID ~8;iilJJ8iu51iu GlUC!!Jfii18; Gla;rTliilffraLlD)C!!J8>@jW @JrT8>a;LDrT@!jw; GLD,rgwW (yJjb6lJrTi>If1j,§J6lJ l1L,ffJuj,j'lu Gurr8;8i!m tOTjJUrTLrTariilJGUJ ~/!Jjb rill IT 8>8iW a;L(£luurr(j}Jw ~;bJ!)lmLfJlLfw fi'(!JlriiJ8iOiOJUJuyw QU!J)JiiljD1fjJ. Ii7 jF;jb I1LjJuj,fii (yJOiOJjD IYJ61J jlJw j,$J1iiifr !DJ 8iGurr 8i;b §JLIiiifr9iLJ_(lliill epOiirrj,;jffi, ~jlJW1LGiiiMC8UJ, ~/bw ~L9-u5IG61JGUJ

/b0i0J!Jl ffi ~ 8= Q8'!fJ ffi jb G jIj IT , ~,ili jlj l1L;iJu j, $I (yJiiIJJ /D8>@!j

f!jJ1iiIJ jljGIfT dJ j'lliiifr tOT 8i Gu tr 8i(tw riillrriilJr5:J8irT 8i)r;;il[ (£i8i! ;n 1fjJ . I1L ;jJu di r:

<'FrT jlJGlfTr5:J8iWlrn iPIf)L8; @!j@!UJ~LD, l1LiiIJJ!jJuLj cr(IjJjljrTUJLDUJLDrTa; @jjb.§jJJw 8iiiIJJLmu51GriiIJ ~® $&vmUJ IOTLUJ-UJ§JW ~6'l1;flpSl;iJ@w ~fill jJ)!5lm (IjJ jb6lJrr GJYf).sb 1fjJ@J GwG6lJrr L@8;@!jW Q u tt C!!J;j) jb u: jJ!J)J U (8 urr liJr;;Sr(£ifil /D §J . @.ili/b (] LfJa61Jrr(£l gJ_0i0JL_ ffi Q jlJ)!5l UJu u@ii! jD ~ . (yJ/bliiVrrW/j,;jffi6'l1;j) ffi~8=Qc'Frr fo.t!)l8>@!jeF c'Frr6lfw~ ~1SJ-8>8iU

60

61

u(£ifi:JjIJ./!)l. .2..mLcWll.D u,n5lfNJ~rrrT .2..riOILml.D ~8;8iW Q"nucuu u(£ifi:JbiJr jIJGMrT. " (e.y;otl$!J~nb, Q~rT@j~ 1.)

~otl$!J.m~~m @{.TGlWLfTLD Q~rr@jfiJu5Jiv Ql.Drr;iJ~ 8'(!JJtbrrUJ tyJ61J j!jiill jJ~biJr !.D [f)J .2..;hU ;iJ$lmUJu u ;D ~ uitrtt 8;6i!J Q8'uJlLj W U@jUurrli16lj uS/8iu518i .2..CUrTfij~ ~6TTr06I(J61J 4./!)lmwUJrTlLjw C!Jl8; fi:J UJ WfT!ill ffifT ILj W .2.. roTrrorr ffjJ • @ffi;(J!8ilLjwan.L. WrT rr 8> 6W ffi~ QUJ tt (!!J 461JUUrTL...Ii6lL ~{.Trrcurrl.Div Q6lJ@j6lJfT8id; a;m'OWd;fi:JL8ifiilj!J 461JU UrrLIi6lL(JUJ ~[TrTli1fi1@rT; g(!JJj!jfTUJffifiJ~6rHLCU QUrT(!!J 61TrT ffirT{.T jJww ~G ffirT !fft® 5)[f)J u@§JI6rHUJ ~[)rTUJfTwriv ~P;jfJu Gl u rr (!!)6TT!T jfJrT [) W (!JJ@6lJriOI ~ ILjG l.D ~[) tt li1fii1C'!? rT . tyJ 61J # 5) fDu LfroTr 61T Q UfT ® W rt j!jfT tr 6lJ tt fiJa; roTr Q 8' r.U tb C3 W ;han.;J5)cu jfJ6lJ6rH fD;iJ ~ C!!J Iii ~ , gC!Jl jfJfT UJ .2.. ;hu ;iJ fi1 C!Jl(ljJGlJ m flJ ILj W : 1 ) .2..;flU jJ fi14 s tr fl5fWr!il8iWlffl .2..;hu;iJ~, 2) .fbJ8irT"'Iu QUrT(!!JL8iliilfiw .2..;DujJ~ (iTW [f)1 @fJ'ii®T(£i Q uC!!Jw U@jfijl8iWfT 8i LDrT rr 8i6W 01 m 8> fiI@rT ; GLDjWW, C!JlP;m~cu ~rm"'l8i",ro61J w[f)J ~;Du,sbfijl r06I~culii

~jWw 8'rf), @jr06lUJiv @/~UJ;iJfijl!iJ!jw 8'rfl QwrrjJ~ g(!JJf15fTCU

eyJ61J~WW 4J!lrliJ&iJ0llP;flJm~u u;D,rDI LDfTrT8i6W IiiTcom 8ir;;W)j!j .2..tbrT[)OW'STiJ8il§!5L.W r06I61J[TwrTa;u urf)€F61J&-5r QguJ&iJ@rT. w~u Ulw sBlWmUJ ~ut-uUmL.UJrTa;8; Qa;fTGIW@, @<.VfTU,sbj)w 8'[)rTgrfl sBl&iJflJw ~mwlLjw 0I{T#5)&-5rmUJ e_lJJ6lJ~.m~jilm '@W @w Qj!jrT@jW §brT ffi./!)l 1i6l6l18;fiiljD:J)J. QGill@j6lJrTa;.4 8irr6'W8;fi:JL.8; $!jD QUJT®WrT fl5rr[TU Y61JUUfT(£i8i1DYr UfTrT8i@jW ;§J&uu5JC361Jf15!TW, 8'C!Jl~rrUJu QU,TC!!JWJTf15JT[)W C!Jl~6lJmj!jlLjw UrTrT8i@jW ;§J&vu11 C361J ~!TW, WrTrT 8i6W tbl.D/j)J u@juurrli1m6lJ f!jLffiW# Qg@J&iJ@rT. 6£)~fTiill8;Ga;LrrGM ~[)~curiv QUfTC!!JwrrfljJT[TGWrT, ~iv61J./!)l f!j@61fT a;fT 61J ffi fijlcu "@[f)J§JIJ5r&vu u cu W U tt L(£I ;iJ j!j ffi ./!)l6lJC3 WfT .. I 8 ~1.Jj-8;8ili1- Q8'uJOllffjJ GUrTiQV, ffi~;iJffi~ ro6J6l'jJcurliJ8i&r 'iiT(£iji;ffjJ.4

Q8irrcom(£l, ~@J61JffjJ GUrTLut-u5JW QGillWl;iJGtbrr ;fljDWITILjIDYr6TT,

GwQ6lJ(I1lP;flJ 6l1rTmUJfT61fT ~Wg@a;&rr WL(E1W (iT(E1,sb:J)J8i

Q8ilTcom(E1 UrTrT 8>@jW ;§J&uILjL.W LDrTrTd;6W /ffiW [f)JsEJL.ro6Jriv&u. QUrT(!!J6TTrT jbrT {T ro6J§(~!jJTw;iJ ~iv WrT ri 8i6W I5J ;hU(iji;iJ WIlJ QU(f!j ji; ~

(!JJW(]61fT ,mjDW @~riv ~Lr5Jfilu5J®8;&iJjIJ./!)l. ~um Wj)ut5Iw

C3 ~IT ;D j!J::iJm jb WfT ti 8i 6W (!JJ jb'ii6l iv U@j;iJ ~ IT [) IT li1fi1@rT ; OJ ,m@j

~ffjJ !iJ61JrTUWfT 8i"'ltD, 6l1LLSJ-CUrr 8i"'lW, /ffi61J GillrTLma;CUfT a;6ljw

Uirfl61J1i6l flj8; 8i6lJ01Jf)8ia;u Y@!j$!('!frT . @61JrrUW (iTWU!Jj/ .2..urfI

w~uy8i@jW, &(!!J QjblTySliv rtl3ovUJti;fijlGill (JUITLUULL.

Q WrT ffi j!j (y!61J jljGM ffi fjjJ ;D@jW @mLegCUILjWW ro6Jfi:J jljG W CUrT@W .

62

•• iLCUrTGillITW iLw6TTmwuLf" [high organic composition] .2..roTr6TT (~jljfT6l1./!)l. rffi30vUJrTGM eyJ61J ~GMW WIT [f)Ju(£Iw (y!61J fljGM jJ mjlj8; a;fTLI.Jj-!iJ!jw <'F(ljJjblTllJ g{TIT8'rf)8;@jW (Jwiv ~~8iwlTu11(!T)u U~rTiill) ey)(ovfljWw, 8'[)rTfFmmUJ ro6JL8; @jmfDP;jlj -@,GlJrTU

ro6JfiiI flj ti; m flj ji; flj (!T)fiI jD §jJ . " fljlT f)J P; fl5 .2.. roTrWIi6l wuy [low

organic composition] ~1DYr6TT &!61JffiWW fF[TrT grflmUJ8; 8irT Lli1-/iW W c!Jj f5: 8i ustt iill @,61Jrru ro6J m jb ffim ffi ti; ffi (f!jfil jD §jJ . (y!!DIJ ffi GMriil8iliilfimLGllJlLjw6TT (JU1T4, !fft(!T) $!&ru11<i6iC!!JjtJffjJ @wQ(@(!T)

fiI&r8;@!j c!Jjffiffi &1!DIJjbW®8iroTr WrT;J5)# QgGill6lJflj,m@jU QU;D

[f)Jwrm ar jlj $fi)[) W - @mGillu5J[)6W(Elw @!DIJfTU 6'8!fiI flj jJm tb#

8'[Trr grf)8i@j4 fFl.DUu(Elti;Wb6i(iji&iJw jDiill. !fft(!!J @j,n5lUUiLL

g(IjJj!jrTllJ;iJfi'w ",-ivGlJrru uiidML.rliJ8i@!jmL.UJ wfiJuY8iWlw

Qwrr jJjljjJ QjbrTriOI8i ucomLfii./8il§!5mLIlJ ro6J&v8iWlw QWrT ffijbffi Qjbrr6llla;(]currC];l fjlti;~(f!j8;&iJj!J§jJ; ~~Gill, GUrTLut-u5JW a;rT[TiimWfT8i, ,El)~ffiflJWl QfljrTyS/Gv /ffi&vUJ@a;WljWw ,El)lDlIf)ffijblDllf)

~,mU,sb$J8; fiI&r8iIiilfi!iJ!jw ~Sl1;D,n5Iw wfiJuya;l§!58;@j# <'FWWrTa;u UcomLrliJ a;w 6'8! ,m8iuu(£i6l1 fiJGill&v ; c!Jjjlj ;D@u U $JlQl)rr 8i c!Jj6l1 ;D,i6lw !!t_!Du~~ m1~~~ fFLDl.DrT8iffiffirrW GJ9,m8iUu(ijifilWlDrn- .

@ffijlj .2..;DU ffi ~ ro6J&.!a;roTr Q 8' 1Ql)61J yS/8i 8iUU LL &1!DIJ flJ61fT C!Jl W

fF{Trr fFrfI @61JlTu(!JJtD cggiT dJflJ an.L(ijiffi Q jbrTma;8;@j#

8'WWfT@w.

@6iJ61JrT[f)J GJ9&v8ii58i@jW w~uLfa;l§!58;@juS/mLGIlJ GGill;D!f)J

mWlLjtOYr6'fT 151 ' ~<>UrT U rliJ8im ~G(I!lQL.rfW [f)J <'F wuuC];l ffi jbu

u(ijifiJw jIJW ",-W jIJ Wf!)l8;8i C!PLSJ-UJfT ffi, "'-ivG6lJITC08;@jW Qfljrfl$flJ ~~m W6lllUJ WrT rT 8iv;W W $I uOIw ro6J ffjJ6Ill cu c!JjliJ-uum L.._1lJ IT 8i8; Gla;rT~(iji C!P ;D('!f8i ro6Jrm 8;&iJm6lJ 8ifil@rT ; I5JQw~iv , 'iiTivliilJrr U ucomLrliJa;l§!5mLUJ w$Ju48iWlw GlwrTffijbffi GiflJfTrna;lLjw ro6J&v a;Wlw QLDrTffi,El)ffi Gi,El)fTma;GllJrT(j}I fi!ffiWC!!Jd;fiJwf!J:f_!jJ. ~u5Jww (g(!JJ,El)rrUJ) w@u4 (ffiHfJUULL) ro6J&va;~um 8'rfI 8'WWrr8; a;uu(£I6lJ./!)l ~!OiJ6ll6TT6lj ",-WI jbrT a;, Gf!j[TUJ---UJfT a; f!jIi6lLQUf!)lfiJ,m sBi~cuwGill!DIJ; ~!Jj/ uS/a;,i 5)8ia;!DIJrTW (ljJm,mu5JC8!DIJ f!jmLQu[f)1fiJf!J a;rrrflUJwfT@w. 8'jtJmjbcurTGill WL..(£iGw ~@a; @&1md;a;uuL UJ---(f!j8;&iJ jD ffiroMl ffi fljroMl ucom L .2..;DU ffi@llJrrwiT 8i&r 8i Q a; IT com L 8' (IjJ ffi tt IlJ ~ @iv ro6J $I IlJ rr IiiW tfjJ <'F [T tt g rflllJ tt sa , g C!Jl jljfT cu c!JjwsBi61Jrrw, GluC!!J 6lJ!p8;8ifTJiiM GJ9~llJrra;ffiffirTw Q6llW1UUL (!JJl.Jj-lLjw 'iiTW UtfjJ uS/8iuS/a; @cuGillurrwQ,El)'T(f!j ro6J6l'jJUJWIT@W; @$,El) ro6Jj)uSI 1ii6IC0$./!)l @dJ,El)u u8;a;Gwrr, ~dJjbu u8;a;egwrr !iil1I!DIJfiI# Gi8'.;c/iWw

63

ftj61ifl ~ ,Sb w, ffj) rflLjcf>!iirr ~[liiro pi:;;' UJ rrw JJ)J 5 rfl8; SiLL!J- 8; Q SirrlOtr

$lw j1J1irrr .

9L~[puUlw 9L;Duffiftjiffi ftjijDW 9LflJrT$!jDtPJ rorWUjjJW

9LL$l6lllL, [iI&vUJrTlirrr fljJ6lJ,SblirrrW wrrJJ)Ju@w fljJliilljllrn~tPJLW ~ur..5)(Elw GUrT tPJ GrDlJaiWrr ai "'@airfl8;$!j1J~ miMU~jllfTW. g}_U/f) Wfj)uGUfT. wrrJJ)Ju(j)iw r!fJ6llftjlirrrffiftjiw QeFUJ;D&JJ)J WL... @(]W; ~aiG6lJ, ~Iiillrru ~$!jllW (9Lurfl Wfj)ULf8;@jW Qwrr~jll

r!fJ6lJ jllrn ffitPJ8;(§W - ~jbW WrT JJ)Ju(Elw U(§jjJ8;@j WL(ElWGv6lJ

- @1iimL.rJUJILfWGlT ~$!jbffiliimjll @~ @j~Mii)jD~) @j1Jnir@jW

rJUrT8;@jlOtrrorr~ QrDlJ5If)UU~L.. ~~,Sb @j1Jnir@jW GUrT8;liimaiILfW, @~ ,Sb f!:PL!J-W6lll jD8;$! j1J , ",6iJ6lJ ~ @jll;.iJ@j et fj;I[r tt .q;.i QeF UJ~ u(j)i$lJD UIiill @[j)$l&v,;roWaiOmlL/W WfTrT8;~ ~rDIJ[rWrTaiU U@j~ ,SbrT[rrrliJ$l(!!JrT. .q;@W 6lJLLrJ- r!fJ6lJffilirrrW, o6IflJrTUrT[r fljJ6lJ,SblirfrW, UriiIW e!jl6lJjlllirfrW ~$!flJOlJ;DIiimj1JU Urflifiii618;@jW t:YJ1i\l~>nLb .wrr£l~ r!fJ W (I!l W Q fb rT@jfijiuSJ!iW1Otr1Ofr tElai diJai<i 8i0lJ tr [r i?r tu WfT Iirfr U@j@ ai&rU u;D~<i Q5fTGv6lJ (IJJ;DUL.fTwraiJ. ~fijiraiJ wa;LJ5I.q; C!Jl8; $l u: W tr rn U@jfj)flJrr ffilUJ @O\l olJrTLrn'LIJ11<>h ,Sb j,:fljJ6lJ W U;D;DIUJ U®@6lllflJ8; 8i6lJ6MJuufijiriu (IJJ&MarDIJrTW. Jt!6lJI)U[TUY ~® riIJ~[T

UJ,;ro JD8; @jLULl_~ ; C!Jl,Sb6lJ rT5If) j,:fljJcOlJ ffirT(ijl.q;5If)raiJ @ ~,Sb Jt!6lJ U

UiJULf C!Jl~6lJ,;ro ftjlLfW ffiW, ffifb61ifl QeFrT ffijb8;.q;rT[TrT 8i1Otr ,;ro8iU

U;.iJ;DI8; Gia;rT6WLrJ-@8;$l@rT8iW. @ffiffi8; .q;rr[rriilWj,fj;ll?!)1OiJ ~rDIJ

5rrUJ o6IOOQurr(l!jL...8i,;;rflw g}_;.iJU~@ 061& Jt!rTriilWu518;8iUU(ijlcOlJ~, 5 [r tt <'T rfI [T a; m&rr [il6lJ ;iJ fj}riu ",riu su , '" L!J-WL L.[r 8i 06100 rfi6lJ ~ ffjlraiJ rv;Du(j)iw 9L;DUj,fj;I# QeFliill6lll6lJ ~<5lJffiG,Sb, -sfi/&rrQUrT@La;&r# 5,ffimjb8;@j8; Qa;rr..wri] Q56iJrilJjb;D8irrlirfr 5[rrreFrfI cOlJeFfiji Jt!&vIiimW a;GJtf)GM fJ,[pIOiJ<iiV WrT@8i, u(j)iGwrreFWrrrn ;ffi&,;roW8i5lf)GM fJ,ySJliillrT@jW. @~jll sfi/&v8;@jW, GW61Jrrrn 6£}&rJE!<iiVj,@raiJ (",riilJ6lJ~ GW6lJfTlirrr $l&umwa;5If)1OiJ) ~(§W 9L;Duffifiji 6£}&u8>@jW g}_WIOfr (]cOlJJJ)Jurr(ijljbfTGM

Gru1J@mUJ @~ rurTLrnao ~@iW. @m,Sb mrilJl)l..£fT.q;u U@id;

fbrr I)'TUJ fIJ:fljJ , Gl6lJ6iJGrDIJ JJ)J $l6lJUU@jfijia;,;;rfIGM Q eF ~IiimWuSJGrav

@(l!j8;$ljD rJrilJJI)IUrrL...LrJ-iii6I(I!j,ffi~LD [iI<iiV~@raiJ r;,,(ijlu(ijl~:fljJW

eyJ6lJ jlllirrr ffiJ5!GM <Mrorrmriu @@S,$!jD GrDIJ !!)JUrTLL!J-r£l@ ffi~ LD @$jll 6lJ tr L.,;ro8i et UU L!J- ~ (j J!jrrGM !J)l $I jD ~ rorGM UIiim fb <Of(£! ~ j!jJs,.q;rr L L!J-UJ ustrtr 8i1iiYiJ, rfl8>a;rTrtGL.rr'ii'/il~ jllW'iill jD C!Jl ;.iJ(I!l8i ~LDU6lJU u(ijl~:fljJ$!@rT (i!LU~ UJ~U4 U1J!!51W jfi~llJIruriilffiffi <OfGM jD !PfT&vU UrrrT8>a;; @jI~6iTrorr Gl[rrrL_GurtL.~ U;D~lLJ ~WrTm.rrrw (0;D1UU'Ta;8; a;rDlJ61ifI8;aiffiJ!j8;ai~). Jt!ravw GW6lJrrlirrr $I&vuSJ6l5I(l!Jffi~

64

uL!J-uuL!J-lLJrra; GWIT<'TW.rr6rfr Jt!&v8;(§ WIT~# Gi<'TGv~W GUrTj!jJjllrT~ GrDIJ;DJJ)J,;roW $l&U cOlJrTL.,;roa; QUj1Juu(j)imj1J:fljJ m%rJJ)J

rfls,.q;rTrtGL.rT ffiw@a;8; a;(l!JjjJl?!)rt. riljll;D@j wrr@ai, g[j)

$l&!uJ),;6)@$:fljJ Gw6iJ &&U8;@iW $lravnira;w WrT j1J8> &(j)iw

(~rDlJ5rrlLJj, Gljllrr}jJriujpJ'@).l8;a;d;fijiraiJ <iJ ;DU(£!W (!JJW(]1irfr ;DjDW,

JDa;[Tnira;,;;rfIw iilllOfrrr.i€i'l (lJJjb<£!UJ .q;rT[TrDrnnira;GlTrTiv) $l6lJW ~@ 1)a;j,@iii6I@~:fljJ @rill~(I!J 1)8i,<b:fljJ8;@j WrTj1J8; &(£!w. "@jW;DI.i Gl5raiJ~W sfi/OO6lj ~fi;I" [law of diminishing returns] rorwjD @a;[plTrT;Bjll sElifJ (!:P;D~~w jbcOlJ@lirfrjllrT@iw. @:fljJ, (!JJjllravrTliiffij,

tPJ6lJ ffi ifJrill @j,;roj1Jurr(£!a;&rrlLfw <5lJ 6lll[r uie» j1Ja;&rr1Lf tl; (!JJrr 6W

urTi]a;&rrlLJw @UJ;D6lll8iuJ)w w:fljJ 5i-W~j!jJmj1J!JjJ. (]wiWw,

Gijllrr }jJ<£!w rorraiJ6lJ1T ffi ~fii(f)j1Ja;rorfJiWw, GlUrT :fljJ6lJrT a; rJ/heRflJU

GiurT@6rrrTjljrT[Jd;$lrill roriv6l)rT j, !JjJ'iill j1JaiW!~w @<iiVf)'ULD

<'TrflffWWrT,g,8iUUL. G6l16Wi]WrT~Gill GUrTLLrJ-u51(£!cOlJj'rGill (!JJ(lc:fl#

5i-jlj,ffiJ5![T(!JJw ~® ffil&ruSJ@)(I1j,ffi~ @wGll?!)@ $l&rr8>@j r!fJ<iiVjll6rfrW fbl~@jfb,;roL.u51w;DI ~L!J-8; Q.q;rTdlrrLrJ-(I1juu:fljJw ~6lJi?rUJw @(I!J;lJ~ $[T (]6lJ6WQ,alJ. ~(!O!)fiu $I6lJj,$I~wrorr jllw,#Q<'Tf)'ffi~ 'Va;(]urra;j, 6lllJ!jffi (]/hrr;DJJ)Jm8;lilj1J~. @~fb rv.q;(]UT.q;W, riluuLrJ- ~® mOOu51iii61(!!J;lJ:fljJ @wQ(~(I1j lil&rr8;(§ eyJravjljlirrrW fbrii1@jjbliimL.u51w;DI ~(£!cOlJ ffi;iJ(§ @,6lllL_JH.(I!la; .gJf'iillwjj,~~@8i!j1J~. jllrT[j),ffifb 9LIOtrGlT mwuywrorr eyJ<DV jljW ~Iiim fblLfw , ~fbri;r UUJeJai j, jll6MJ di,Sb (!JJmJDuSiriu u.iuti fb[T @@)rTU 6£}$) fbj,liimjljlLfw ~j1Jur..5)flJriuulT.q;s, Qa;rrriiO~'L ~6lJffrrllJdiifJ<ii1sr ~OOQUrT(!9L_.q;w @,~fb 'Va;(]urTa;~ ffilw .q;rT[rriilWj,fbrrGill, @61JITU .,g,g.,fbffi'iilljll# ffrfl5WWrT8;$) liimiill8; @jW (!JJ(lc:fl<i arrJlLJ<FrorflfflLflOfrliill" @flJ,g,.q;u aUf)' ,g,g.,Gill unir@i Q.q;rrw 6lJj16iJ&u. $lrav.i 5i-!iiIlfT6MjllfTrT rva;GurTai g}_rfI'iillLDUJrTrorr~a; @(l!jU uffi!(!O!)Gill sfi/&umUJ<F 5I)rrff.fi8;@j (]W6lJrT.q;(]iill g}_UJrT~$I rorfl6lJ~ @(l!j8;.q; (lJJLrJ-lL/w. @;Bfb rva;(]urTa; 6l5I&ujljrrw ~mlUJ ;fi1~

6lJ rr L.'iilla;mUJ 9L..wrL.rr 8>@j$l j1J ~ . (!JJ fb6lJrTfiffi j,~iill (!JJ'iill ,muSiw

fJ,i:P (]6lJ;DJJ)Jfii(f)LD Jt!6l) !iiIlrTL.rorfla;rorflllJ ~}jJ~!JjJ6£}L. C!JlL!J-UJrr!JjJ,

~~6iJ jll~w $I&U 6lJf)'L.,;roa;rorflflJ ~}jJ~~~L. C'PI4UpD;

9LJ!jrT[rriilWWIT a;, [ilravj,mfbj, (] jllIiJUJWUJLDf)' 8>@j6lJfi;lw r!fJ6lJWrT 8i,

$l6lJ j,m J!j ~[r 5> 9LrorflL.,;roWllJrr a;# Q<F UJcOlJ jlw ~6l)LDrT a;, ~m fb

'5'!p8>.q; (ljJL!J-lL/W' [t!1iillj,mjlj ~r;rar g}_(jirf)L.mwUJrT.q;,q. QffliJ~

6£}(j)Iru~ ffiriillfl JE!6lJ,q. 5i-6lJf)'WjllrTrj-.q;rirf)w 'V.q;(]urra;~mjlju

U6lJ'£lirfrUU@~~W, ~6lJ5fTlLJ;iJ ~(jirf)JDuSJ~w (]UfTI_'-LrJ-u51(ijliillfh;D (!!jrfl UJ 5i- jljjj,$lrJ W (ljJW&ro- ru L. (!JJ[J ~w ;DI (ljJ@rorflWllJrra;,#

65

Q8'llJivu(i}l6lJfijlGiv Q.g;IT~(i}I GUlTIll@!(i}lW. riiTfWfC36lJj!jlTw, rffisvjj ~/h,<i5 Gtb~IlJLDUJLDIT8;.g; C361J~(i}lw crrw/D @~tb C!fJ;DGUT8;ailTliiriT (ljJj!j6lJITWljjf!jJ~1J,!j; G.g;mf)8;GJl5laiGJl5lllJjj $m1fJ61J1T /b C!fJj!jSVITWI 61JIT 8;

aijj@fWflT 6lJVSVIT ,m!J)JU GUIT 8;$lG6lJ f?!(!!jwujj f?!(!!jWU

Gl6lJWlu5IL._(El 6lJ;j;f?!(!!j8;$I(l!J1T ai";'. ~~iv 1i~j!j8; (3ailTlf}8;63l.g;

Gl U ('!JWLJiT ectr fWf (IjJ j!jSV lTi>ffI 6lJ IT 8; ai jj fijlfWf ~ fJ 8; Gil 6'6/ UJGJl5l L~

G/bITL#~8'UJGiJj!Jf!jJ. !OJQfWfw(I!1iu d!J{f!jJ @wGl@(!!j !OJ .g;GulT.g;jj GJl5l /h - /h,m 8i IT 6lJ j; fijlGiv @j;DJUOLj}jj!j8;ai (ljJ8;$) IlJ jj ~ 6llC!fJroYrm , , 'Gl tblT L...LIT 6u !9'1 ~ r5J Gil IlJIT fWf " !OJ ai (3u IT ai ffi 63l /b ' <!)I /b1T61J f!jJ ~UIT §j/GlJIT ai I!.L,mUfijf?!cF 8'1T /b<mfliJ8irSff}~wm !OJ .g;GUIT .g;jjGJl5l/hu5).g;6l.fW Qf9('!J!iJ$}11J C!fJ63l /Du5!iv "UIT jl8;$I/Df!jJ" . (1YJ6lJ j!jGi'Jr ffi !Bw (3wiu $}G1J)L8;GiIj!J li';-l),TUjj$ltffi 8'fJlT8'rfi @JGiI/bW U;iJ;DJUJ

/h LD f!jJ j!j j; f!jJ6lJ fijG1J) /b8; @j;Dlffif!jJw , j!jGOfl us {t)o..v {t)'iIV 6lJ IT Uj7J1ai

U ,m ;DI1lJ /h LIJ f!jJ j!j ffi f!jJ 61J ffi 63l j!j8; @j;DIjj$tilw 1 8 6 2 ~airSfVL 2Lb G/hfi1 GTi!iJQ.g;GiJ8r8;@j GT(!RfijlUJ aiLIj../bjj$liv LDlTrT8;Giu LIJ8;

.g;~a;@ju L/m14wuIS/-UJIT ai, 8r(!!j8;aiLDIT<m, Glj!ji>ffl6lJlT<m @l6YT8;

.g;j;GJl5lj!jffi j!j(iT)GiI(!!JIT. 1l)~~U Gurrlii@) rulJ~, f!jJw(!!Jw

Glj!jIT@jffi', 77-81w U8;aifliJai&rrU UlTlTaiai. (3LD~W fiPj!j

Glj!jIT@jf?!u5Iiv 86-87w u8;.g;dJ.g;rSff}iv j!jrrUUL...(i}lW6YT 1862

c?lf, ai GiuL._ 9 w (] j!j ffi'u5I L._L .g;LIj.. j!j jjG1J) tbU_J w U ITrT a;.g; . ) 1!.LGJl5l /:puL/

6lJ IT L 63l8i er 6lJ6lJ IT iJ)J U IS/-u ulS/- UJIT .g; W!T ,n5) C!fJ j!j 'iIV ITWI tiJ

/jIji6lJ 6lJ IT LG1J) ai CUT ai I!.L (iT) uGlU!J)J$I /D f!jJ riiTW UG1J) j!j a; .g; IT L...@W

UJ IT IT 8;filw U@jUUmllGJl5l61J8; ai61J Iiiif} UU f!jJ W rff/ SV 6lJ IT LG1J) aiullW 61J V 6lJ IT ;iJ!J)J 8;@j (ljJ a;&il1lJ UJ IT Gi'Jr jlj IT ® W : ( sGJ6lJ 8' lTulI {t)6V U J5J fJ L/@lw rff/SV jj$l6u UIT(ElUL...@ l!.Lurfi 6l1I&rrQulT(I!)&rr I!.L~LIT a;@j6lJj!jITGi'Jr)

I!.L G1J) /flU L/ 6lJ IT LG1J)ai UJ 1T<m f!jJ , (@l6lJ8'ITu5i j!jW Gl8' IT ~ tb rffiSV tiJ

f?! 6u I!.LU rA Iiil5I&rrGl UIT ('!J&rr I!.L offlL IT 8;$1 , ' • GlUIT (!!j6YT IT j!j IT fJ #

8'ITITU;iJ/D {t)ITUU~tbW" aiITrrGimWlTai .<!)jG1J)j!j rffi'ilVUJ5rrr~LlLJ ~UUG1J)Ljj/jlji6l1l@61Jj!jIT<m) sGJ&rr~UIT(!IjW 61JITL63l.g; ~iv6Vf!jJ U~L

6lJITLG1J)8iIlJ,T ai<i1fW, U/WL/ (UG1WL l!.L;Dujjffi' GlJWrT #filulIw

.g;1T fJ~LDIT 8i, UomL GlJ ITL63lai U~W!T 8i WIT!J)J6lJ j!j 1T<m ,

(iIj6i<pIlJIT@!<iv GlJ/:pdJ&iJUJ "ifjlu(3rrITa;" (ljJG1J)j!J GUITWj!J) U~

GlJ IT L_Glf)ai UJIT 8i6ilj W WIT !J)J&iI !D f!jJ ; (!jJ IS/-@Jiv , &ti6I 1!.LGJl5l /:pU J5Jw

g>_ j!j6ffl UJ IT <iv 8' IT@JULIj.. Q 8' tU 14 W 6l1IGlJ 8' IT UJ tiJ f!jJGJl5l ,flJ (!jJ j!j SV IT WI

6l1I6lJ8'lTulI63l1lJ ~.g;;iJ;DI @!L._@ .<!)j6lJW @L,sbfjj1iv ~LDrT~f!jJ

Gl8i1T 6IT@!!jW G UIT f!jJ @f!jJ (!jJ tb SV IT srf/ ,sb f!jJGlJ 6lJ IT LG1J)aiUJIT .g;

LDIT[f)J&iI,flJf!jJ crrW!J)J LDITIT8;!9'IW U@JUUITtU<i1f ailTL...@GiI,flJ§j/.

• , (ljJ /h SV ITIilIfI ,sb f!jJ6lJ j§I'iIV 6lJ IT LG1J) aiu5)w (3 j!j IT ;D JD W ' , U;iJ;DI1lJ

@.dij!ju U@JUUITUJ6lJ 8'WU~j!jLDIT.g; LDlTrT 8;Giu o6IwlJrrw~

~6J)!DW1oi) (Yl~rnrrm1~~QJ~~rir urf1~IDLb u,m;DIffi j!j(l!)&iI,flJ,

((iT)6i<pCLJITG1J)6lJU GUITWJD U/,mUL...L jJjIT(£iai@!!j8;®ffi ffiliiif) (ljJ8;&ilUJffif!jJGlJW 61JlTIll;j;tb) uSV ~~j!j ai('!Jj;fPJ8;a>Oorra; @j;DIU U/L...LIT ai a6lJG1W@t.b • " U61PJrL 6lJ IT LG1J)ai U~ 6lJ1T LG1J)ai IlJIT ai WIT !J)J6lJf!jJLW &La61J &6'6/8;@j G6lJo..v Gl8'IiiU6lJ1T .g;6YTITGi'Jr Gl8'1T jj j1<ivSVIT ffi &6'6/ ~L....g;lilIfIroiJr 61JrT8;8iW ~!J)J .,gJJ6lJ~C11W gL(!!j6lJITGii 6ffl@&iljD/jIji riiTWU/jIji WL...@LD6uSV; .,gJJ~j!j 6lJrT8;aiW I!.L(!IjU QU!J)J 6lJaj!j .,gJJ63l/b C!fJWGi'Jr ;DJ6ffl8;$lJDf!jJ. @;j;ffi8; &6'6/ G6lJo..vCLJITL.g;W a /bIT 6M" ;DI8; Glai ITom LIj..(I!j 8;@jW .g;JT(oU UU@jfjj1u51GiJ , @ ~ /bu L/ WlIlJ 6lJ IT 8;.g;W {i/r5J@Jwr5J@jwITIii,sb G /bITW ;DJ 8; QaiIT~ LIj..(!!j8;63laiu5!aSVallJ , jJjitJsv rffio..vraIDwu5!~ww, awiv6lJIT[Jw Q8' ~ffif!jJw 1iil5I6lJ8'ITulI.g;srf/

GOIL G CLJ j!jtiu.g;<OfT f!jJ Gl8' IT ;j; /b .,gJJ@J&@ffi$til8;aiIT.g;a6lJ 6ffl6lJ8' IT UJ

gL raID /flU U IT6YfIai&rr cF 8r[JG1W@GiI/D 6lJ tp8; ai(ljJ W , rffisvu c5J rr L/ fij f!jJ6lJ

8i IT6V fo iJiGiv <!)Iffi' ai# Q 8'iv6lJ W UG1J) L fo /b LJiiiW &rir C11LIJ-G1J) LDaiW

j!jr5Jai~G1J)LUJ Q8'IT~/b .,gJJW18i..SV,<i5§j/8;8iITai w;iJ/D u~&ririr CLJLIJ-63lLIJ.g;&rr Giillo..v8;@J G1J)6lJ,<i5f!jJ8; Gl.g;IT~LIJ-(l!j~jljf!jJ GUIT6lJG6lJ, .,gJJ6lJ~UJWITai 6lJWrTGiljDf!jJ. @~jb (ljJ63l,flJu5/(]sv ~iillrTaiW- jJjiusv &o..v63lLIJu5I~61rw , awriv61JITV W Q8' iJij,<i5f!jJw 6ffl6lJemu5!aiW - fjl(!!j @j;DIUt.5JL...L .,gJJW6lJ8;@j# Q8'GiviilljjGJl5l.§icF a8'.g;rf!uujlj,m@jW iii" ~rT 8iITIiV fo ff;!Giv (IjJ j!j6lJ1TrSff}.g;WIT .g;8;&L WIT ;DIru@61J/b'w@jW uLIJ-u UIlj-CLJIT ai rillITtUuL/ QU!J)J&ilw jDGi'JrrT. 8rUJWITai l!.L63ltpfof!jJ iill~j!j UG1J)tpUJ rff/sv cF Gi 8' IT ~ /b8;.g;1T fJ ti ai..rr @uuLIj..,<i5/bITW /hr5J ai61r w,<i5 iJiu5!ro6I (!!j jiG /b (IjJ jljSV IT WI fij§j/6lJ8; @J;'/b63lai.§iITfJrT.g;&rr rill <OfT rT 8; @jW fjl(l!j 6lJWrTULfU u<OW~G1J)UJ gLIOlfu"LIT8;&il raIDrill8;GiI(!!JrTai..rr. @tii/b (IJ! jbliV1T6YfI fo f!jJ 6lJ 8; @jfoj!j63l.g;/bITrrrTai6Yflw 6lJ6YT IT <F!9'I jJjlT L... @UL/jDr5Jai@lj8;@J Gliilli>fflaUJU_JW <OfT (IJ! j!j'iIV ITIiIfI ffi f!jJ6lJ l!.L)iJu ,<i5 fiiu51w

QUITf!jJ GlJWrTcFfil63lUJu QUIT!J)Jfofjj1(!!j8; &iljDf!jJ, '. (iY!rn~m-w,

QjbIT@ji) 3, U8;aiW 332.) "ruGlJ8'ITu.11 w8;aiWiGiv ~(!!j u®!Bu5J<mmw Gi8'ITjJ63ljljU up5I(IjJ/biv Q8'Iii~ .,gJJQJrTai&rr rffiliVjJ ~ro6I(!!j;j;§j/ Q6lJ~(JUJ;D,n5) @I@!SIJjbITW~ GijbIT!fJrtill f!jJ1iV/b6M;' !B )iJ@j (J6lJ...rn Ilj-CLJ gLG1J) tpu UIT 6YfIai~W , ~iill ti ai@!!j63lLCLJ U/G1J) tpu L/8;aiITGi'Jr 8'1T jb<iil5TfIiJ.g;@!!jW, gL63l/flUUjb;D@jlf}UJ QUfT(!!jW ai~W "/bfliJ@jjb63lLuSlw;DJ8;" $}63lL8;@JWULIJ- GiCFliijljf!jJ. .,gJJ.fPl WL...@

LDGiv..u, ~.fPl I!.LWjJjITL...@ 8' p,GJl5ljlj63lUJ14W I!.LIOlfu"LIT 8;&ilCLJ.fPl. "

(iY!Ii1l~m-tiJ, QjhlT@jfjj1 1, U8;aiW 778.J 6l1I6lJ8'ITulI W8;aiW

66

67

67 Ji;~LD U u L._@8: fJ [J ySI fb flj fljw s£}&rrtOll it 8i 67 jJu1}l61I!til IiTWGiN

GltOllrir(!1]Gv fl}J6lJfljrQM" ffijlp;@j ~ GHLDJ!> Q/[,rryS!6lJfTlorTrT UL

LfT6YTW gJ_(!!JtOlIrTfiljIJ!fjJ. ~QtOlIrr® (ljJflj6lJrTWlJ!>!fjJGill f9fTLtg...~W "s£}GillHrru5J LDB;8iGYflrir fj(f!j U!!!JfijI, f98i[J, ~fljfTGill!fjJ UL._L!ii1»jDJ!> Qfljrrlfliu (ljJ~jD~l1J8: GHrTfbflj (ro8iGillHrrUJw ,!b65!r;r LDp;GljDSv IiVrr ~ QfljrryS!ivMorrlLjW @!til @j,IDlB;!!!JW) UrrLL..rrrorfJ GillrT8;8iWrr8i UJrr,IDlu Gurr@jW ;ffi&vuS/6iJ liTuQUrTiYJ§)Jw @(!!J;j}!fjJ @J(!!JfiljD!fjJ ... @uutg...UJrr8i, HrTrTLj[tl&v u9~,g, UJB;8iW Q,!brr~,g,u QU(!!JB>@jB;@jrfJUJ @$flj =jJ!!)IB;8imr liTuQurrc!:p!fjJW GlU(f!j$) GUJrrtg...ei; .Gl8irrmrGLuS/(!Ij#i),fD!!il'" ~8iG<OlJ ro8itOllHITUJ~ Q,!brrySl 6Vrr~ liTuQurrC!Jl!!ilGUJ @j~jDfbflj UL<!F8; an.6'6I8;@jJ!>fbfTW G@J& Q<!F IiJUJ (]@JmrL9-UJ,!brr$J,fD!til ; U!§~H J!>,!broor W et W fIJ G H ;D!!)IB> @j1flu5JG6IJ fj(!lj 8irr&v ~@J ~!tilei; Q,g,rr..mL9-(i!jei;€i) fIJ ,rtl&t>u5JG6VGUJ

~6I.Irir IiTLllurr!fjJw [tI,dJ$J@rir" (~51l~OMW, QfljrT@jfijl 1,

uei;8iW 668). fljrrGroor UfT(£Ju@$IJD ,rtl1iVtf;fijl6iJ 65!@J<!FfTu5J8; fiI(f!j8;$IJD ,!bfi3f)&Q<!FjT~§/ iFjJjD6YT@JfTrQM" gJ_;DU~jl8;@j .,!J)/L9-UU~L uuruni», ~!fjJ QHiYJ~UJ Qu,fDrOIfW, &~,!bUJrrOWl (ljJC!:£l @JL9-611W Qu JD6lJ W G ftj~6IJuu(£J$J,fD [tIu fbjb'8m UJfT 8i6lJ W @(i!jei;€i)/D§)J . ~~iu [j;;UUL9-UULL iF;D/DfirT6IJrrOWl !L;Du,ffJjI f}(i!j @j!!)l$)UJ !!il@Jei;8i8;,g,rrr01J !L jJu ,ffJ jiB; 8iL._(£J ei; (],g, rr U Lj &@jW H (ljJ ,!brT UJ & 8iL._(£JB; G 8ifT UYB; ® W LDL..(£:(] LD Gl UfT (i!jtf; jb(ljJ~L UJ §jJ. (ljJ flj 61JfT ~ j,§jJ

@J,ffJfijlw grjJ "65!@J<!FfTuS/8i&rr8: &[Jmr@6IJ§)J Jj)UJfbfijrIT,ffJ

Q,!bfTlfl~iv G@J&V Q<!FIiJ!til @J(!!Jw UrTL..Lrr'iitfJ 61JrT&8i,ffJ!ii1»flj&

&IT..m(£:6IJfj)r£J(i!j$:f!jJ !iil1L9-6IJj,jl6iJ LDL..(£:wfljfTlOirr uxr f!)JULI.S/-(!!J8;

$J fIJ!til· ar [JmrL6IJfT 6YTrT fP(!!J@J(]r;r ~ fljrr 6IJ:ffjI : fl}J6IJ fljroor(]LD .

flj w, j, fljfi3f) (ljJ flj 6lJ rr ~ 8i W ,!bw, j, ffiW, s£}6IJ H rru5Ja.&rr .,!J)/ LLDfT 0iiYT W f.ljJr01J WrT 8i6lJw , ,g,(£Iw 61JLI.S/- f!jJ6VLDrT ,g,bIj W arr;rmr(£:fiI(fgrT 8iW ;

(ljJ flj6IJrr 6YfI @Jrr,g,8iLDrrOWl§jJ diI@JHrruJI 6IJ tr 8;8i,ffJ~ flj ~[) <F fTi5J,g,

eu rf/ 8iW f.IjJ su W tt ,g, 8: ar [) mr(£l$l j!J.fb/. .. ( t51IJJTffiiloiJ 1i1.1ITiM:;U

GUJTIJJTLLliJ.) "diI@J.r:Frru5JuJlrir fFI!!)I rff!6IJU umr~UJfTOiiYT!!il.

!i/1iV tt U niJ,g,&.,. lLj u: @J LLf!-~ UJILf W 6IJ tt L~8i!ii1» UJ lLj W (ljJ flj 6lJ rr GYfI 8iW diI&rr,rtlrovj,fijrr£J(i!Jfb!!il QUf!)J@J~ffi ~WLDjluufbP;@jrf}UJ 5l® HfT8; tTofT8i LDL@GUJ [j;;rir!J)J @(!!J8;fiJf!J!!il; ~ffi <!FLDUJ,ffJjliu, rff!r01Jffi65)ffi

gJ_iYJutOlIfiM fljOiiYT8;@!j& an.r£J IiTUUtg...8; $I~L&@jW GTlOirru~flj,ffJ

!brTGroor csirtr flj!til8; QtTofTW~wuL9- ,;6)L@rmiLuu(£:$JC!!Irir. "

(,w.u1 ~UITOMUJTr'rLl4m UjilQ~LLJTW 4~~lDr'r.) .r:FfTfljfT[J

lOW LD tt 8iG6IJ (ljJ jIJ 6lJ rr WI ffi §jJ6IJ4 H C!fJ !bIT UJ ffi f!)J8;!!!J ' &I flj rr@J§)J

(!jJ ffi6VfT WI @JrT,g,,g,ffi§jJ8;!!!J • tOB/<OlJ H rru5J jIJOiiYT :f!jJ 8i>.ro6IuS/.§2J W8i>.L fI® uniJ~tTo fPUU~L~!til "~UJrT6lJrr$!til !!!Jffiflj65)tTo ,;6)@JHrruS} uJlw :§l&!&@j ..• " Jj)y51$§)J65!(£i$l@6M, " ... rorivliVrTW jIJw,u ULL ,rtlr01J8: Q.r:Frr .0flj8;tTorr[)6M rorrir f!J Q@JWlUfd,8:&8;!!!JW(]W. ' , (tl1lJrTmilru IilJrllM:;U GUJTIJJTLLliJ.) "C!fJflj6VrT~ffi§)J~ gJ_~ u~ff) (yJ~/D ~~UJUJu Qu,dJ!!)IW6YT [IJfT@tTo&rrtTo .tTofTLI.S/-~~ fF1f!)J ~@J<!FrruJItTow (]LD(]rovrTniJ8ilu5J®&$lrir /D fIJrr@tToWlr01J jIJrrw,UJfJiJ

,g,~rir S£)3ou65)UJ8; @!j65)JDffi!til 65)@Jffijl®&$l/D tToITlTlOWrliJa;'iitfJiv

~!J)J" ror§)J? (IYIO\l~mW, QfljrT(§fj;I 3, U8;tToW 340 .. )

~$flj8; a;1T[)6OCJTw, s£)Gill<FrruJI flj{)Of!til !Lurf) 65!&rrQLIIT(!!JIiitfJ~

fj!(I!J u!!!J fijI~ ILl 8: <!F(yJ flj IT UJ ~!til8; @j ( .,!J)/ flj rT@J!til,. (yJ flj ~ rTWi 6IJ ~ 8i 8iffi!fjJ&@j) @1iV6lJ<!FLDfT8i re;UU~L~§)J65!@$l@GW GTrQM"u!fjJfljrr{)Of. , '( fljITWI;;'iJ8im, @fljIT 65!6IJHfTUJ ,;6)&rrQUfT(f!jL..tToW ~$lUJ@J,dJ ;:6Irir) [jffi ffi8i @j~ f!J $ flj 65!&v UJ tt rQM" !fjJ gJ_,dJu.ff, $I UJ tt 6YT rT 8iWlIOirr IOlJJI)l65)LDuJlrir f}(f!j ro8i&rr!J@J flj,;6)v rf!&8'UJWfTtTo ~6IJrT8i(5rDOlLUJ :L rDOl/:pU I51rir gJ_,£bu ,ffJ fiji j, @f!Jw,rir ,;6)&rr bIj .,!J)/iv6IJ." ( IYI O\lj!)rn- W, QfljfT@j@ 3, u8i8iW 340.) fFlfl)l rf!r01J g>_~L65)W (y)!ii1»f!J rorrir U §)J fFI ;D f!Jiirr <OlJ tt W gJ_,£bu j, fijiu5Jrir .r:F tTo g!5 LDIT GW 6I11.S/-6lJ uur ® W . (ljJflj@fT..m.ff,:f!jJ6IJ,ffJfijirill glP ~!til IFrT®&ufb!fjJ, =«. [IJfT~ LD6IfIL$l jD!fjJ. "fiIfl)l 6196lJ<!FrTuJltToWirir Gl51T ji!fjJ ~tfJOiiYT @UJ6lJUlw ,g, tt ITrOrfM LDIT ,g, G@J gJ_!ii1» /:puI51rir H C!fJ fljfT UJ ilL ;D U j, fijleF 58; fiji tTo..mrill

GllWrT8:fiI8;!!!JW, gJ_65)!J'uOirir HC!fJfljfTUJ 61Jtq..Gll.iJ8i(58;@JW,

f.ljJrov flj{)Of rliJ8iW <!F (y) fljfT UJ @JySluSliv ®tOB/6IJ flj ,dJ!!!JU , U[J ffi flj

~w6I5i(]6lJ 8ifT~ [IJG1ll LMrr GillfirT tr UU flj,dJ!!!J W , ~!§~rrW .ff,!ii1» flj

C;LD~W !JUJ.§2JW Q<!FUJiuu(£:,ffJ!fjJ6IJflj;D@W @LW Gl8ifT@U

U fj)~&v . 8i(£lw 6IJ 4 (y)<iiIJ) /D ILj W eu rf) ,;6) fijiULj (yJG1ll jIJlLfw

~~tfJ rorrliJ@jW 67lP65)LD8;!!!JW6fTrT&$l/h $IT !JGill..m(£lW. w6Vj,

jlrill 6'6I&!8i8ifT ,g, r!fJ6V flj{)Of ,ffJ!ii1» flj& Q5 6lJ6IJ ySlu U fljrT fill §)J &I ffi flj

r:!:fJ1iV fljW j,rDOlfljeF HfT@jUtq-u5l~ Ff@U(£:jifljfTWGv flj65)L Q8'1iJ

fiI jD §)J. ~ /h §)J Lrir gJ_,£bu ji tiM 8' tt ,!bwffiJ8im ~6YTs£)w;r5l if) tfJ jDl.S/-8;

8iUuL(£I 6I1~8;tTouu(ijl€ilrir f!J!iiM, ~ffitfJ :L;DuffifijiUJlTfirTrTtTo(]6YT

fljw,~wuu(£lfiJ@rttTom. " (an.L@/D6lJ4 HniJ8iffiJ8im, ~fljrT<OlJ!til

fiI!J)J ",-m6IJ8'rTuJltTo..mrill 5rliJa;rliJ8iW, uS'ItToGlf W (yJ ,£bGurr 8;8ifTrQM" (y),!b 61JfT6tf) ffi!fjJ@J U urr ffi fijI[J ffi~ flj 6IJ fiJ ji §)J 6IJ (f!j$J jD QUIT C!JlG tfJ ' !i/$,!bu !JUrT 8;G1ll,g, 5I1fl&8ifT wiv urovw {)Of uu(£: ffi!fjJ$lrir f!JW, .,!J)/GiJ (ill firTbIj !fj tr rir , !J LD .§2J W , @ffitfJ8; sn_L(£:,fDbIj 8: H ffiJ8ir5i tTom [IJ6v1OlJ

.r£i&v65)wu5J~WfirT 6I5i6IJHITu5J8i(5cf;!!!J $I~f!JUJ :Lflj6lJiilrir,fDOiiYT;

68

69

~~~ $I~roirfii[TfirrrTm- liJii5JfjJ 6l1J'ilNFrTuSia;@!JIii@j uS/a;iF Q8'rT;DU wrT.a;;flJ;flJrTriM ~;flJ~&il~l/nriM, ~C1fJia;wrTa; ~;flJ~<illfiiw&u riiTm-C1fD Q8'rTriiuGi15)6l1JL61JrTW; t..5IfD@j [i}{iJ;flJiF 8'®a;®a;(J1iifT a;,_66/

1LJfi5l!:!Ufi5lU~ 8i[T~@Ufi5l<illlLlrT a;GIJw ~&ilGl1J@&ilm- fDw riiTWUfOlj);flJ UJfDfJi~GI1JLa; a;,_Lrr~.) "C1w~Lb, wrDIrf/;flJ 8'liifii L5![TWWlTr05rIrL

uxrea ~firr6'l{lii@j GS~Iiia;uu@&ilfD~. ~;Duj}j$l ffi/!ivfOlj)wa;w

C1w2>JLb C1UJ~w fJrT@j~~w ~;iJuj}j$liF 8'rTjbIWT®a;W1w

GI1J&v 6J ;DjlJUu([ikou~w fiJ!f)J 6l1J<illIFrTuSia;@!JfOlj)LUJ ~IillLIillW

~rfllillwu.s:w ~GI1JrT Iii a; (!Pl.JI-lLJrT jb ru$llLJiT@jLb. " Q;flJrTySlriiu

~~jlJu5J61J Q8',UJ<ill~ C1urT61J(JiilJ @I<ill8'rTlLJj}j ~m/Du5J2>Jw "~.

U;flJ$llLJiTW~U u66/uSiL@Ji>jbrTW" GJ1)&!JUJiTa;U QU;D!f)J/ii ;flJrT!

(!P;flJ61JITsrf/;flJf1jJiilJW ~;Dudifi)uSiw {iJ1Ll1iia;u C1urr;Iiifi5la; WIT;D

;DI1LJfi5lwlii&il /D ~ . " &il[T tr wULj /D j}j ~ a, m yJL~UrT srf/a;6ir .J}{ fiia; U

U[T6lJ61J.iTIWT tSla:jb8'IliJa;~Iii@jff fiJ;flJ/DlS/-Iiia;uu@jbriiu [i}{iJ;flJ

~ii5JiJl_uUfTlo'ff)~W1w riiT $IrTuLj# 8'.$fiifi5lUJ ~mLdiQ ;flJp51&il /Df1jJ; ~~:o fJia;[T jlj Q /IliTy5)61JrrfirrrT a;W1fOlj)LC11LJ @jGl1JlLJw ;flJWfi5lUJC1lLJrr ~<illrr.a;~rD1f)LILl. et $IITUL.{iF 8'4fiimlLJ ~fila;uu@dif1jJ&il/Df1jJ. fJia;[T /Il ,Q;flJ_rrySl6lJ8i&rru (JulT61JC1<ill fJi6iJwa;rT61J mru8'rTUJj}j$rjiJ2Jw

FF@U@/IljljUu(£i&il/D g}__fOlj)!fl uL5!w ~ fila;rfI til jb !L;flU til fiI j}j

$I jIJ@I W ~w~ W ~fi5lfjJuLj# 8'.$ filii5J ILJ GS rillf lS/- di~Lb ,

C1fIJfTliJQ fljrr liJ-8iW f!jJ6lJUJIT a; fIJrT 8' uu@til$11LJ W ~~LiT .$a;u

UCE}&ilm- !?W. ,C1 W ~ ~ , (IjJ jb6lJrT ~ ffi~<ill (IjJ fi5l jlJu5J6lJ tt W 6'fiIiilJ 8' tr ILJ j}j $161J 6J /fJU@W (IJlWVlW;D/DQww6lJrrW g}__rD1f)fjJuurrliirflmlLJ.$ Qa;iTw 00rrlLl,I.JI-4 ~ W a;!ivu5J6V WL@W6V6lJ , 156I&rr (ffi61J /iirD1f) jb8; Qa;rr roir&r UJlS/-a;@jw a;&vu5JjiJ2JLb 6J ;Du(£i&il/D (!piONGw;D/DUJrT@jUJ .. , ~a;C1iilJ, riiTriiu61JiT iF Q8'iiV611rliJa;~@jUJ ~Wr;ill MfI ;D!f)J8; a;~~ILJ.Jrfirr GJ1)&, $I61J ffifi5l /Il ILJ UJ g}__ii5J fjJ uu rr W1fi5l1LJ ILf ill ~ p51!f5~(£i61J $1mfYJ~LfJ~a; LfJL@(JW (ljJjb6lJrrliirfltil~iilJ !L;Dudi$1UJrTwf1jJ QjbrT!flriiu f.9JLU jbfi5l;flJ <illliifTrT 8;a;6lJW, u6VC161J!f)J ri,)UJ8;a;U GUrr8;@j8i&r §JCI!J 8'(!pjljrrUJ (ljJC!:£!mwu5!w @&Mrj}j~ mru4a;~UJ Q8'riJ &:J/Df1jJ." (~'Pru_lJ)lWnD, Qjbrr@jjl 1, isu. ~JiifillLJrTlLJffifiiw @!f)Ji).)

QUrT(l!jWrTjbrr[T @.1LJ8;8i ruffilu5JGi15)CI!J;iJGfb LfJrTrT.$Ibiv" (IjJ/Il6lJrrliirflj}j ffJJ <ill iF 8' (IjJ /Il tt ILJ W (J IF rTlOl1'ro6l0fu@ 8'(IjJ fb tr UJ WIT 8i LDrT jD jD LD601L<ill ~

/Il~rT8;a; (ljJlS/-UJ.IT/Ilfb!T@jW riiTwjD (!J'I.JI-GIJ.$@j 6lJCI!J&il@'T.

!L r5ID!flU Lj 8' (!jJ /Il tt ILJ LD UJ ustt 4a;u u(£i<ill fljI U6V,6lJ tt u5J 0: Iii 8i6IW 8; a; IT W <ill1.Jl-611r5Ja;rDIfIG6lJ (!jJw&~HilllL_ ~ffila; (J6lJtfi/IlffJJLW (ljJWC1Gill)15l8;

Qa;rr~lS/-(!Ij4&:JjDf1jJ" GLfJ~W ustt tt 4G!v LDm /fJj;jb L5!w a;ff1~ fljI..rrW @;iJfb ~ii5J[T .fljIr ;ix_rg~@8; a;.IT(iiJ) tiifiJ_riiu QuC?..-3 fb _ ~jD uj,@u5Iw 6lJWrT iFfiJuSI~w, (Ijl fb<01)rTrDlfla;rDlflGill a;rr rrQL.61Ja;w, cor6!~Ilj-Iii(Ja;L(£ia;roir, 1lj-[T6iv(£ia;6IFirill 6lJwrr #fiJuSi.@llw, {ffijl e!jJ6lJjbw ffiffilw ~w<Ol/a;61fI211w 8'1ii@uSi£l]w 'if ,dJUL(£i..rrW UI~w

LDrT ffir LLDrT Gill ~ $I 8>rfI U L5! 2ll W @f1jJ - ~ /Il tr GlI ffJJ , ;Q_ ii5J!:fU Lj

8'CY" fb.ITILJLDILJWiT 8;8>UU@Iiillf1jJ - GI<ill@j G'lfbrDlfl<illrT 8>j, tbw800r

QliillrDlflUU(£ij,@8; Q8>m,ffllJ!-®8;@jDf1jJ, tb~rT8;a; (IjllS!--lLJrTtbUIJ!-

G8' rTG'l'ftro6l8' W <ill ;j5 fljI G8' ® GlI fb;D@j @f1jJfbiTrill (IjJ /IlW_ m u: ILJ ~ Gill

QUrTCl!JWrTlLJflj ~lij-UU601LlLJrr@jW_ @$flj LDrT jDjDfb@;n@j

~)15l6'l{ j, f1jJm jDuSI iJll W ?iX!:f' Iii 8>Q fJi}75) j, f1jJ ii5J jDuSI!iW W 66im 8' IF

8'8;ffillLJrT 8> 66iwlliJ@j6lJf1jJw, GfJi[Tlij-lLJrT a; @®$f1jJ @W~IT ;fl,fDj}jm::

[§1m jDG6lJ ;fl[!)lw Q8' lLJ61Jrr61fllLJrT a; 66iWr5J@j6lJffJJUJ,. UrTL.

LITIiirfI 611rT8;8>GLD. ~$tb GlIrTlii8>j,:gJ8;@j (Ijlt5(iiJ)rTrDlflfbf1jJIiillGw

uuSl jbfiJlLJliirfI8;@,fDffJJ . (IjJ fb6lJ IT rDIfI 611 ti 8;8> ffim jb «t $I rT di f1jJ U U IT ':

LIT61fI Gill rT 8; 8> W [llL j,:gJ &il jD G u IT iT tt L...LW uoiJC1Gl1 !f)J 61J 1J!-6lJ I1iJ 8>6Yflriiu QGlIrDlfluu@Iil/Df1jJ; ~;j5fb Gilllij-Iiillr5J8>61fIrill !LLQUIT(!IjIiiiT GillW(ljJW GLDiJllW GLD~W ~ffil8>rflliililjD§)l" flj~rT 8;~ (Ijl1J!-1LJ1T.ff! (IjJ Iill ,fDuSlG61J @{iJflju G U tt iT rT L..L.W ~ iT fiJ IlJ Iiiv ~ L.fiJ IlJ ffi! 8>1T [T jb

fi5l jbu UfT LLrT 6Yfl 611 ti 8; 8> UJ Iill8>U U jb jJ)l611 fi5l fb (' , U tt L. L.fT 6Yfl

GllrT 8;8>di §lw 8'rTGliIT $I8>fTiT j,m t5" ) C1[llrT 8; 8> LDIT 8>8; =r-.

~iTfiJlLJGiJ GUfT[TrTL..LLDrTfilw,fD:gJ. !L;Duj,ffil 8'(!jJ fljrTILJWILJW!T 8i

8>uu(J)lGll fljW 6l1i&rGIJ.T 8> !Ljbu ,di@# 8'fT ffiiffiffiJa;..rr 8'(!jJfljrrILJIF

Q8'rr~fbfT8> LfJIT;D/Duu(J)lGIJ§)l, "g;>_mLfi5lLD. u}75)j,Gtb~m:

!Lfi5lLfi5lLD ~8i8>W G8'uJGllfljl" rW8>/:p;iJGjb $@UJ. !Lfi5l!J)uUlw

!L;DU j,fiiih fiji,fD615fi1iiv L1J8>!hfbrTGill ~@a;rfluLj, GGill&v G~!T j,

fi5l jb8; @j1ill,fDUUffiJ, ffJJGill8;a;8;8>IT6lJ, Iilfb}75)1LJ rW&v~G6lJlL/ritT~,

fiJ ,IiJ ,fDWGill tt W !L,IiJu j, ffil ~ y5l $ fb@rJ6lJ u5J §fiJ8i Iil L~fil ,fD u5J8' 8'

Q8'ITIF8'r5Ja;&r ~8ifil66iL..(£i a;,_L..(J)l (ljJli®jDuSl61Jfi5lL1JfJifb' Gww

U@ffifbUUL..L. g;>_fi5l!J)Ufi5lU &&u fljrTL..@Gillf1jJ - @mGllGlLJriiu61JfT,UJ

@;iJfb LfJfT ;DjDj}j$l@1iiv Gjfl!TlJ!-lLJrr8> ~mLILJt..b s5J&rr~8>W.T@jLD, 66iGIJ8' tt ILJ ~ fljI 8;@jW Q jbfT tP iJll 8;@ju5Jr,w)L(J1LJ11.{ eaea ~L(J)l jIJ601 GlI

71

iJLDG<01) Q8'rTWliiMfilGi15)®{iJ~ G61J6YflUUIi®LlLJrT<ilJjp/ @jp/forTw:

(!jJ;fl,n5J:fWw jb~(!jJC!:£!fi5lUJlLJrrlL/w @rn-m/D1Ll 8'(!jJfo!TlLJtil§lw

70

(Ip /fJ@ITrOYfJ ffi ~ eu W ri/1f)J fij: tu IT 8> Q6l1 LLfJ.-,o£i(ij1$) PJ ~ _ ,~l] /fJ c'F LDUJ jiJ

fij)@), (!:fJjfjr5l.'iITumffi§jl6l1w ~:fbw ~8> .'J../lJrT;B:fb 6l1<iiYTr-r eHi)/lJIT6iJ

@;B jfj ~L_(i)! ,miii£! ;D«!) rf'l UJ Lf $lUJ ~ W c'Fr5J 8>aur tLf w ,§J iu mf'l8;$) PJ;f!iI ,-

f!L'i)ffi,TSlf Jd,rTruWlTiiM ~!§~ITWjiJliWljfj fJ51iW1L_(lpIiWl,muSi6v Qc'FUJroiJ u(ij1j,~rOlJ §jI, anL(ij1 (lprDO> ,muSi6v l!_liWIjJJUIiWIU ri/&?rrUU§jI, f!L6Va;

W8;8>rofr G,§JITGWla;rDO>UJ LDQ)Joill/6rif!GUJ.ITa;W Qc'FUJ6l1§j1 (fiJ[TITLDU

y PJriila;liirf1iit> fj!§jIriH$)8;$)L_8;$);n Jff!&u8;(!!JW, ,§J6rif!rDO>LDUULliJ-(!!J8;

$)/D Jff!aw8;(!!jW, ~f!jITa;ffJ8> rffi&u8;@jW, ~(J/fJ c'FLDUJ/ii$l6v

GUif!ILJULL_6WriHa;«>Yf)iit> GU(!!Jffifjjl[T<iiYTITW W8;8>rofr QjfjITrDO>a; [iJUJ;iJ ~a;8;@j iii£!(J[TrT /fJLDITUJ8; ~j>~ 8ilL8;$)/D Jff!&v8;(!!jW Ji);f!iI fj!(i!jI-fiJG8> (Ip,rD{f)JUyrofr«>Yf) 1iW16l18;@jW)- @rOlJ;iJ,a5)W ~liJ-UUrDO>LuSi6v Q jfjIT y)!,gw 8;(!!j W GJ1/6l1 <F IT UJ jiJ §jI8;(!!j uSirDO> L_ G UJ [iJ&orrru Lf8; @!jiflUJ Y ffjI UJ ~W<FriHa;&rr ~§jI .§iUJIT,f/MiljD§jI. Lffij)UJ 6lJliJ-rOlJffiiJ@) ~:MlW;B,§J

@j(£Jwuw, Qu<dM8>G)f)<ffi rffi&uuSi,gww @<iiYT;jj.§i&v(!:fJ~jD~UJu

u[TITLDrfl/ii;f!il @1<iiYTrTUUfij!,gwW yfi'ILJ rffi3ovrDO>W8>rofr- Ji)6l1,rDrDO>;n

[i}<ffirDO> jD ILJ (!:fJ.§i6VIT«>Yf) ffi;f!il6l1 ffiffjlr0i5r l!_eF8' rOlJliJ-6l1'r5J8>rofr ,§J ILJITrfI ffi;f!il8;

Q8>ITfidorliJ-®8;$)ffi,!!JGriT: Qufidor LD8;a;6i-r, LD,rD1f)JW @j!J)$~,§J

8>GJ1fhiM .'J..riOljJJUy ,{!j$:Ml.§i 6l1y)!8;«!)(i}!LcU43:Ml,§J (I::fJ.§i6lJIT«>Yf)j,

§jI<illW f!LrDO>Lj)Q.§i,a5)rOll;f!il- @riOl6l1QUJ6vr5l.'iITW f!j6'8w a;IT@

8'(1jJ/bITUJ/bfjNv ffi~rT8;8> (lpliJ-UJIT ffiuliJ- uSi8> uUJriHa;[TwITw,

f!jIT 8'8>[TWIT'iirJr, Q6l1Q)J8;8>jiJ,§Jrj,a; rOllliJ-fillriila;a.m'.i QU1f)J$lW,mW _

@~'!i$.§j (JUIT@,gwW, "- - -f!!j(i}!wuffi §jI~,m8;C8j QIDlJIiiIfI(J111 , .'J..;D ujJ@ (!:fJriOljDuSidv, Qufidora;(f08>@jw, ri/&re5rT<!!i@!j8;@jLc, ~fidor (!!j1:f:;Brn/b8>@!J8>@jw, Qu~ @j!J)$riOljfja;@8;@jW fi>(!!J (lp8;$)I11LDIT'iWT U,IT jiJfi}l1j jJVi(f),§JjiJ ,!b(i!j6l1@W fYJ61JL£fT a; f!j6'8w @111;jj@[T43 Q.§j.ITy5l6v (!:fJffifi}lUJriOl,§J 6£iL_ ffLUJ.T6}JIT'iirJr @j@WU 6l1liJ-GIlffi§jl8;«!),

um.iJ !LjD6l.[ G'I.lliJ-<illj,§jI8;@jU yfj;J/lJ QUIT®srrn ,ffJIT[T ~1SJ.-/b

,ffJ<iiYTjiJ~jlj flLrii!fu"LIT8;@j$)jDiifjJ_ U~riOlL_8; 8iITfiV CJ(IHWIT~UJ,

U~riOlL8; a;ITriIJ mG[T8;g;, ~roiJ6lJ§jI $)!})8;8>ffifjjlUJ8; (!!j(jjwu

GIlliJ-fillriila;&rU UfTLDLDIT'iirJrrDO>61J, @Q)J@UJ'ITW~~'lJ (jifWQ)J Qa;IT<W

<ill §jI er GiJ euea 6lf ~LJ j, /fJ (JLDIT , 4I/GiJ 61l<iiYT6lf ~U jJ ,§J WfT (!!J W liJ-IfI,L LIT6rif!8;-fi),rr5)j,,SljG'l.l8> ®G1wu G'IlliJ-61ljiJrn,Slju U[TLDWITWQ.§jW(J@ @1f)Jfi}lUJlTrilJrQ,SljwG@ 8>(!!J;f!iI6l1;f!i1. ,§JGfiJ[T6l.[W, GL£G61J Qc'FITr0i5rw @j(£Jwu 6lJ liJ-G'IlriH8>&trQ lLJ6vG'IJfT W Q W.IT ffi,§J L£ IT a; 'ii1"(£i ffi§jl 8> Qa;rr~(i}!

U ITrT jiJ ,!bIT@) ~60061JQ lLJroiJ61JIT W 611 ry6lJ.IT ,d) Q)J GIl 6TT IT 8: &')uSiroiJ ~

,a5)wc.5/w ~@liJdJ (],SljlTr0i5r,a5)lLJ 'ij!(IIj @JrfJVi(f)c'FUJIT8i 4I/rnLD

$)WJDW. (]LD,gwW_ an.LLIT8i<i G8'rT$;f!iI (jGll&u Gi8'UJtLfW

72

(§j(lj,J6lJITGrJr ~ @(!!J UITr5l.'iIT[Trr ~W WiTroiJ6lJ1T GIlUJ@W[T,IT ~W ~wQ.§ir0i5r@lw l!_~rDO>LD ,§J8>a; ;ffJ&vrnLD8>liiIfIroiJ LD6rif!,§J ,§Jffi§jl@J 611 6'lTiT 8: &')8;(§j rffiacc'FUJWIT UJ 'ij!(II) G,§J tt ;iJ!J)JGIl IT lLJlT fil6£i(ij1w WiTW U tfj/

Q ,!bIiirf1Slf - ~~riIl ~,§J W ,§Jw <01IfI lUit! U IT UJ eu ett tr j>,§J Q 8> rr liJ-lLJ

(I::fJ ,§Jr5l.'iIT «>Yf) ffi tfj/@J 'iillliJ-@1ffij;lroiJ - a: ;iJU ffi ffjI (JGIl&v (lprDO> JDd;@jfo

Q.§iITiJl6lJ1T1iiIfI @®8;$)@(jW ,!b6£i(I GijljITiJlGVITIiiIfI8;8irr 8i .'J..;iJ uffifij) G@J&i (1jJrDO>jDuSiit!&v WiTWJD (1jJ,!b61J,Tliirf1fotfj/Glf @liJ-GIl,dij;lroiJ

- 4I/tfj/ =!J)~8;@jW ~liJ-rDO>Wfo.§iW" $tfj/8;@jW (]g;(i}! jlj(i!j€il jD

~UITlLJ8>[TWTW (J ,§b.T ,rDQ)JGlfrrILJrr$)6£i(£J&i!PJtfj/' , . ( &ru:'b~U;,

QjfjIT@j@ 1, 13w ~ffifj)ILJrrlLJlii$lw ri:!ff)J$I-) ~&v (lprDO>jDuSi6v

f!jITW urr'Tuu~ •• (jifj;lIT8> ITfiVjbfijllLJ8; 8>6v66!u5)6irr 8>(i!j, (!!j,a5)u

c.5/LL G'IlILJ.tfjJ8;® GL£;iJULliJ-(!Ij$&i!jD fjiGiJQGlfIT(i!j (§j1fl/!JrDO>jlj

~!iil'flLJfofij!~w ~$,!b8; g;roiJGfiJUITL_ au,IT jlj&1rr, flLL;iJuuSi;iJfiI ~$)lUrOll:bG@(i}! ~;iJU~$llUlT ;iJPJ~6i-r1ffi flL~IflUrDDuu_;w ,@&?rrfotfj/

rDO>(ji)J8;(!!jW-flL;Du,1ijiu5)w oill/&rj, fijlj!JrDO>WrDO>lLJ8; an.(i}!jlj!iil!fT8;@j

I5'l1jlj;iJ(!!jrofrlffi Glfy51a;Iiirf16v ~~6lfw reJ!oi;r!J)J WiT<ffiu.§i;iJa;IT8> WL(i}!

WW6V, (I::fJ(lj,J IDlJlffiltMil Gu;bJD LD.m.I,§brta;&r ~~fLITS,(§

6lJ ,!b;iJ@!j W ~;f!iI fji6irr g)J ,§bIT W GIl iJI WiT W U jlj ;iJa;IT 8>' , ( ~ ,§b 1Jj!T6v). GjljfilUJ @ww, ~[Tar <iTriilTjD L51[TacfiJ&1rra;ootLfLl ~.§j 6lJ[T61JIT;iJQ)J 4I/LS}-UU600Lu5JroiJ ,!bITW LDfTlT- 8ifilW" j;Ij/ a8'rr!iil'fliillJ<Fw rDO>@s,&:JPJ~-:bIc'FwPJ a;IT!iiI!~rDO>jlj @llffi8;(!!j@J~ WiTWPJ JPIrTj, jljfo@w WL(£JWrill6lJ, WiT$I.ia;rr6V ffirDO>,!b ~58'Uilw,a5) (lpwW" ;Di/!Jtfj/

<k,a5), ~,!b&1rr# 8'1T@uu,!b;iJ(!!jfo rDO>,!bffJUJWITW !!JrDO>L(l::fJrDO>jDU

u~ aw;iJQa;mwGIl~ WiTWjD ~It,diffilii@,gww- Gjlj8'riHa;r.;ir

WiTwurnrOll c'F(I::fJ,!bITlU GIl6TTrT <ifilrDO>UJ# G<'FrT $jlj (I::fJ,§JGVITliilflfotfj/GIl 8'8iITujlj,difj)roiJ ,§b6£iiT 8;8> (lpliJ-lUlT jljLJLS}- !LrdrrlLITfiljD ifj}(!!J ~aurG1f'

fi>® @lliJ-@JW ~@jW_ Q,!bITy5IGVITWl eutt s.s.u), "jljw&1rrtLfw

G;'l}<'F ;!iJ~s,@!jill f}(i!j U@j@ILJrr8;$)8; Q8>lTrofrlffilT wrill" , ;'l}rrWJ W "(].§jfill11j, jljrnrnw" Qu@wit! (",@/!J;'l}8: Glc'FITroiJ6'5Jw (1jJjlj!iil!IT «>Yf)fo§jlGll ~rT jbjljfoiJi6v ~iu61J"), ~§jI uG))UJ QUjD (l::fJliJ-UJ@lw&v, us,(!!JI5'l1W QUj!J (l::fJUJ-UJGfiJw&V, flL®I5'l1IT8> (lpliJ-UJro£)iu&v_ ~~w (I::fJ ;'l}!iiI! tr Iiirf1 jb ~@J $ fjjIw 6lJ etr rT <i ~ a LD ,gw W (j w,j)!l W (j ffi fillU,di ;'l}rDDL8>OO f!L:MlLfoQjlj;DI$)JD~' G;'l}fillU ~ ,!b<01lfl G'IliT}jIrDO>@ ~y518; $I,mj;lj/, ajljfillLJu urn8irwJwa;@!j8;(!!ju u@6lJrra; tOllrT8;8>U UrDO>8>rDDW8>aur et ;iJu(ij1~;f!iIiiljJJj;Ij/. ~a;a'iill, euemi #filtLf,rDJD

(I::fJ .§j6lJ m,yf) jJ tfj/1DlJ !!J rr@8>."f)r,ill , • • G! ,!bIT y5I6'IJ rrliirf1 a;@!j8;(§j1ii (j fo8' W

~wg)Ju €ilrDO>LUJIT~" WiTWU§jI (l::fJC!i'8;a; (IJJ(!:fl8;8> ~~rDDLD

73

!L1fT®W; aLD~W, (o!Jj~fD$/b LlL_Jl'W fDiT8irFi8iLD61lJL$!JjJ'OfrW fDrT(jji 8irDffl'iIJiT@J!JjJ @C!!y9;(o!JjWLlU/-!L1iTlOM G'i /b tr ySlGV tr 6'If) c%TfI w ' '~!J)J LlL ... .L GLliTU"rTl ... : ... LW" ... "UfTLLm,rfl GlJrTa.,s;j;$Iw ri/i)@/bOsva.®ffi

a/b~GlJ!L1fTlOM (!jJ/biv $1u$jb&MCl>w,iv fj)w0l®w" (ILLbIH,m16ilJrBIi> ILL!j'J .9-I;DI~) !iT60TLl!JjJW (!jJ(Ij)8;8i (!jJ(Ij)8;a; .2 ... J06~~LD. ~cr&

IOTWU!JjJ ~r5J8i~LD8;8iU QU;DfD uiiilJfTj;a;fTcrw ~(o!Jjw. iI'(!jJ

jbfTl1.J @Jwrfa:fi!ulIw &® (o!JjpSlLIl_9L ... L a;LLjJ/ifloill, iI'LDcriI'U

U@jJ/b c!pU/-UJfTjb GlJ.i8;8ir5J8iWfT8ia: iI'(!jJ/bfTUJW £.5)W'5IJ'iilirrrL

aUfT§jJ, Q6lJW,U UfTrf~@J8;@j8: iI'(!jJ/bfT!L1,§5tffi/a.@j eBLDGGV rf;!W!J)J Qa;fT'iiIirrr@w ~[J6IT'5IJa.@ja: iI'(yJ/bfTUJ,§5/iflG61®$§jJ @l1iiIJ8il'4w @®s &ilfD ' • ~fiIl];fTcrw' , @ivliilJfTLDiv iI'(yJ/bfTUJw 6lJfT!;p (yJtq...!L1fT jl;

C8urr!JjJ, ~cr& /b@lrT8;a; (yJlSJ-l1.JfTjbuUf- G/bfTWpSI!L1§jJ. ~[J$

IOTWU!JjJ, GlJrT.5;1]; (!jJcr'iilirrrUfT@a;@8;@jWw,®$eBjbIQ...W,§5!JjJ,

, 'uS1$~w @JG6IrJ16lLD 6lJfT!L1ffi/b, QLlfT®WiT /brrcr jJfik,;i:; ~jla.a;w

Q8'.fJll ,§5tffi/fiI/D&lrf .5; Cl>,§5$16M ~cr8'rr Cl> ~&;:fIJ!JjJ; ~$/b cuti 8;a;W, ~crfilw @GVwrra;, ~crfAI1.JG6I,ffjJjw ~fiil8;a;w GiCF2lljJ!JjJU; GlJrTa.Cl> WfTCl> ~8ilfDtbl; @$.§j @Jy5!u5JeBliiIJ fj)@8;a;UULL @J.i.5;8i,§5lO6ljb '5l@.5;m ri16l@JjJtbl8: 8i[J6WUf-.5; Q8ifT~lSJ-®uu/b;D@j ~!JjJ LfjilUJ 8' rt /brON r6J8i&rrU G'i U if)! ~ jD tffi/. @UUU/-ffi/bfT6M Uro6M I06lL 8; 8irr iiif) jJ W!L1 ~cr&, mitJliilJrr@J;D;DI;D@ju; eBwliilJrr8i, ~Uf-~LDa;&rr '§1(jjia.1iI IQ6)GlJ ,§5@®UU/b;D8iri16lLD$ jb ~Uf- <03lLDiLf<03l Lri'S) LD!L1 tr 6IT rFirill ~cr CF tr a; @®$jb!JjJ; ~a/b GUfTliilJjJ/bfTW ;ff!liiIJu£.5)cryj;!JjJ@J ~[J& 1OT6M U §jJ UJ UflW &or UJUf-I06lW8i6IT tr &;:!L1 s51@JCFfTu5J8i&rr'4 tl! Gi s.n ,.i> jbU/-GiID W Cl>&rr '4 tl! &@8;&;: GiIDGlJ jJ $I(11jU U /b ;Da;106l LD ffi jb LJJ cr LfGlJ tl! CF ,§5 fiillOMrfl6M

~crCFrr8i @®$/bffji; ~G/b cgumiitJ,§5/brrw, fDrDii'lOM8ifTGVU

r5icr fiil$1@thtffi/GlJ ~cr fJitl! sn...ra6!'4I06lIjJUri16lU fyXilJ jblOMW &[JhIffl(jji

@JjbjJa;I06lLD$flJ Cl>®@I!L1fT@jw." (1OTr5iG'iCl>Gu<i;Yv IOT(LflWI1.J (:!)ffiLbuLb, ~m11F QlJrr~, .J)j1:J1h ~~ru~!!l1oM G~rT~!DLb IOTWfIJ mJ1'&VU

UfTrT.5;8i. @$/b ,mrriii6J6v 1OTr5iG!Cl>ivGlV, /bW(yJri16lLUJ a;(IIj,§5ffji8;

a;C'Grr'4tl! LDfTlT Milrill a;®,§5!JjJ8;a;&r'4W riIiIW.5;@j&;:@rT.) (!jJjbGVrT

rorf!ffi§jJ@J ~[JfA6irr uSia;uS/a;a: fJi/b$f!j'II;TWrrlOM, lliCl>uSia; (yJ;DGUfT8;

a;rT6Or @JUf-6lJtl! 'iT6M!J)JWrOrr (fgrONfDfTUJS;8; (o!JjUf-!L1[J&sn...L @,diflJ

1Q...~IQ6)Wri16l!L1 lOT $/b .ill! jbj;w~w ~ySl8;a;.ill!iv&<J, ~@)iv

QGll!J)JwGw ~1E6M @JU/-Gll,.i>l06ljb ustr jJ!J)JliljIJ!JjJ (~cr 8'rrr5JCl>j;

§jJ8;@jW Ur5J(9j LDfTrf8;QCl>L(]jl.5;@jtl! 2L@m Q/brTLrty; ~[J8'fTlii1s; ~ ~6lJ IiiIJ rf 8irorf!lQ6) L cgUJiLf W U ffi w rFi ma;a.a; tt [J rf a;wmL a!L1 ILj tl! - G fDrt (ljJa;LDfT S;61Jtl! LDI06l fIJ(yJ$WrT8i~W - ri}(.f!).5;&;:jD !!§!I!jJritJ (!jJjbiii6J!L1rON).

74

eutt 8;a;r5ia;C'Grr fj)ySluujiliv Qa;rr'iilirrr(]jl aUrTliJri/i)(]jlGlJ w6M \fjJGVLDrr S; GCFrr~G6I8'W ~[J<03lCF &!ilUUWiJdW G'i8ifT'iiIirrr@ (JurrtiJriIiI(]jlw. Ci;rilriiI@j1i'.@) lDJ!)IULJ GTWjIJ ,mrr@liv, "v;r!Dtfj (yJjbiv Q8'tiJlQ6)a;u5)C81ii1J ~ [J iI' tt est §jJ IQ...~ <O3l LDu5J(]GV iI'(yJ /brr!L1 W (yJC!:fGll fijlriiilT t..5) cr fii rfi $I!L1 tr a; ,§5 IE 6M &M j; IE'TG6Or ~'iril W ,§5!JjJ 8; Qa;fT@filfIJajbrr - ~ jb tt Gll!JjJ , 8'(yJ

jbrT!L1jJww 8'rrrf£.5)iv iI!.....;DujJWa: s tr jblOMr5Ja;&rru UpSI(yJjb6v

QiI'tiJiiljIJ(]jbrT-~ajb (!jJ/biv G'iiI'tiJ'iril8i/brTW ~cr& 'iTwfIJ

(yJ<03ljDu5JritJ ~§jJ & jb$fi![JLDrr a; 8: ·Q6tiJILjW 8iri16lLiil8: QiI'tiJ

<03ls;ILjWfT@jw. '§1® tbl<03ljIJ8;@jU t..5)w '§1® !JjJmjD!L1IT8i, 8'(yJ/bfT!L1 IQ...fIJGlfa;rDffIiv ~[J8'rTL...iil jbOsvu5J(]jlGlltl)l ~~GllfilUJLb 'iT6M!J)J ~iil8; G! 8ifT..ro@ @J$!JjJ , £.5) jD(9j ~!JjJ jb fT~s;(]@J ~;D!J)J U Gu rt iil jD!JjJ . LD61ifllErts;C'Grr ~~lilJtbl 'iTWU!JjJ (]UfTtiJ ~jbW @Lj;$Iiv GJii!Glla;IT[Jriil8i&rr $1rf@Jiiluu!JjJ, iI!.....;Duj;$1 @!L18;Cl>U Gu.rr 8;(9ja;&rr ffiL,§5!JjJ@J!JjJ <iiTWU!JjJ rDJ ;Du(]jl&;:jD!JjJ. ~[J!JT • fjy5!a.a;uu@Gllfi!ritJ&v' ,

~tl)I /bfT~8i(]@J ·lQ...liilJrfffiffji 2Lwrfftj!JjJ i]ufTfiljD!JjJ"" "2L;D

ujJfijl!L1fTm.ia;ww &/bffiW[JWfT6Or, 6WLD.rrW 8'r5Ja;w IOTliiMjD

~Uf-UUGOI Lull ritJ IQ...;DU jJ $1m UJ fftcYIrfiJa;GIf) w,§i f?i!Jiiw 8' (yJ jb IT !L1 ii: ~cr& @,UJffiw[JW (lp@@Jm/b'4w ~UaUfT!JjJ ~!JjJ @®8;a; GGll6lffrU/-!L1 @Lffifi'ritJ, ~ffifTru!JjJ U..roGOlL8; Cl>fTriVU QUfT(f1jL... 8i&r mrujJ$lC!!j8;(o!JjW a;fTLfi! !FfT&Vu5Jiv, 106lS;[JrrL<03lL, Q@J..ro

8i1iilJ8; i]a;rrLrFi ~&i!UJ@J;D;DIW u8;a;jJwriu Q8ifT'iiIirrr@ i]UfTtiJ

ri16l@JjJ!JjJs5I(]jlw. ' , ('iTrfilQ8iriuGiv 'iT(Ij) fijI!L1 @j~Lbutb, ~mllF

QlJrT~, .J)j1:J1h ~a;UJru~rUm G~rT~!DLb.)

a;m L iil!L1 tt a; : ~mLm W u;DI ffii] /b tr GIf) [J IQ... GOI LGOI LD ffi 8;8i W Q8'tiJ&;:jD a;rTliilJU u®$Iu5JritJ QffifTLri-$!JjJ @®!D!JjJ .ru[Jui]UfTiiljIJ iil!J)J 6l1I.ru6rru5Ja;wliiMurrfiv uut tt 8;fiI6OI":!J)I i]8'fT~G6I5W a;.rrL...(£iw

~~@j (!jJGOIjD 5WU,rBjbUULL Gllm[Ju5Jriu LDrrrf8;fiIw 8i®j;

tl)I8;S;C'GrrQ@JIiirflu5J(£iwUUf-I1.JITGIfT <iiTfliIQa;riufAw '§1® £.5)[J a;LGIfT,§5

GOI/b /DfTW ®;DIUt..5)L C8.ru'iilirrr(Eiw: " .. ·~[J8'Wa;fT[Jw 'iTffiJa;w

Glf)a;u5Jiv @,®8;@jW a;fTGV,§iwfiv fDfTr5Ja;w fi"r!J)J 6l1I@J8'fTu5!s;ww

Q6fT ,§im/bu UIiiIJ@J$jbLDfT8iU U;DI(yJjb6v G8'tiJ@J'iiriJjbU u.dJpSla:

(ffi~L FF@ G8ifT(El,§5tl)1# Q8'tiJGll/bfT, Q8ifTLfTLDGiiif) Q8'liJ

@JjbiT <iiTW jD GU8:&8;i]a; @r5J@j @,Lu5)ritJOsv) fi"r!DW8;8iGlfW LDfTL

aLfTW; QurFil1.J rf;!1iiIJ# &GllfTWjbfTrf8iWW ri/i)~l1.Jffi$loill /bfTrill

/DfTriil8i@ <MUuU/-a: Q8'tiJ!JjJ $[J Gru..ro(]jlw. !9'I!J)J 6l1IGll6fTu5J

6WU$jbLDTT a; fDW!JjJ u~ 'iTliiMwGGlJW@riu, (!jJ/brnriu, <MGllIOM!JjJ IEIiWfI UJ tt W IQ...;DU jJ fiilGlf) I1.J '4 W /b 1iWfI1Ljri16l LmWri16l!L1 '4 W a;,_ L(]jl )JJ'5IJ

75

~;DU;!b ~ tu tr a;6l[ W ~@ f!J6lj ~OiIfIL~WlLlrr a;<iIf W unr ;D /JJIGIJ§J ffirr w; @6'fJffiU tueorr ffia;rl[T uitr a;# Qa: tUrLl tr ux», .!L /lJ rrr:r~ ;!b~ /lJ d;

Gl8irT/ow@Lb , @;B§j G fljrr 8; a; ffi@l8;a;rr8i<i a: (!JJ ffirr tu

.!L/lJs6!~ILI#J /lJ.ilJ§JLb Gla:u'J~ ~GlJuGurrLb. <!!}f/lJ~ L5Jj!J@5

mfJ)J fill!rQlJa:.rru51ei;@j @~6'fJ f!J8;@5d;an.L GJrQlJIiYf}UU~LrLlrT fJi#J

Q/lJrflffi~@d;a; CiGUiriWsrlJl-lLI ~wrrfJirr<iU .jJJj@l8"n.r.vr5J9iOorr8; fJirrL@

SlJ/lJ;DC'!) Jff/4a:rLlLlJrTa; jBwu5LLb ;£i6'fJj!J1LI GIJ!fJGIJ~a;a;w {j)@d;

a;#Jt5rT~ Gu.rr&;i~ j!)~. " (tlllJrrm~~1.b ~r'rwmlW1~1.b

oU1rulJrTUJU t51J1f~~ ~rDEirj!J tiTr5JQa;GtJmm jpJTGtJ, u9;8iLb 17,

<!!}fGJriilJ9;(]a:GlILIGIJ fT U [b1uL{ ; C0~ iu Q LD tt ySlGl UILI rr U L5Jiu L5i@fjJa;w a.eireae«, ~Wiu cJ)r:rw Neue Zeit ("YWILI a;rTr.vLb") ~rDEirj!J uffiwrfI~a;u1liu .!L6i-rorr.tPI.)

u rTLurffillJiffi ~ su rT!£,ffiU (]u rr [J rrLL;'!i.@ffi (]urrr'r ;'!i;'!lr!>.@IJr6JlJ>ffi

jB6'fJL(yYii~j!JU Y[TLY'!# Qa:lLliuurTLlJI-W C§!:p;i!&umLlJa>&rru Lfmj5§J Qa;rrwsfTG<5)J,rr, <!!}ft5~ (!pd;&;irLl;!b.tPIrQIJ;!b6'fJjh LDfilu cJ)L(]611rT (!fJ/Bm§jllJu GlUrT(!!/.rr(!fJjhiu611fT{bw ~f!J~ jJ,rD1(i!J;Bf!j@l; <!!}f§jW cJ)[TffirTraru (§fii1jJfDurT@a;IiYf}GtJ {i!~6ljw ~@@5w. W/BffiS, @jmj!JurrL .. .lrnL LDrrrTa.rDYv 1844-45w ~roW@a;IiYf}(]r.v ~[T,rru'J;B~ s6!riffs,$;rji{jlLL..rTrT. ~a;G611 <!!}frQIJif ffi#J@l611 a:wuffiffiLDrTraru t5LD~ G611&uGrLl,rr@ an.L(]GIJ, UrrLL..rrliYf} rQlJrta.ai;iJfiI~ 611rra;a;u G u tr r:r tr LU"n u ;D;DIrLl (] U tr rt #J /lJ /B$! [T U t.5J [T <i mam fJiliYf}G<iU /lJLD @I rQIJ,rrfj:;d;fii1jJfJi Qflj@&;i.!jWW <!!}f1Ll[TrT ffi a;GlJ6Orc.iJ Qa: ,fJ2JjJ~ SlJ;B/hrTrT. uxrri 8;mrDEir &Trururr ;;1)rr6va;IiYf}~w, @5;D1uu,Ta; 1913 W ~roWlJI-6V GJSlJrmlu1lL..UULL LDrrrT a.,;iv, tiTriJQa;GtJ,;iv a;lSJ-/lJu Gurr 8;@5611[Tffi W~ jBfTw(!!j Qt5rr(!Jj~fJiliYf}~w, W@I ujJ;DI "fI[TrTriffLD.rrQlJr s6!~llJrr jhrrr:rriila;w I1LW6TTraru. [jJrrus51~llJrT /lJrr[T®8iOorr ffi ~[TL@ SlJtf;Jw. Q/lJrr(!Jjuu§Jw, ~[TrrriJ611@lw. urfl~~Liu~w GurrWIlJ

~6TTs5IGtJ Qa:u'JrLlUULrrLlJGGlJ @(i!Jffi~ 611Cl!Jfi1fD@I. ~fJiGrQIJ,

@ffirGai jDrrw m<iU u5!a;u5}a;u QUiT @I611rr~, u5}aiu5}aieF arCI!Js,

a; LlJiT 60r (!Jj;DI uY a;oo # Q a: rriu 611Q ffiiT(Jjl :tJ fJ)J j, Wei; Qa; tt etr riff G611roW Uf-1151@jo9;(!JjW, ~!!J;!J .,!§{wa:ffimffij, ffirDEir~aiffiGffi Qa;ITroWlJI-[Trr/h Q urr@'iiiT(!fJ/hiu611iTffiW 11LfJ)J WILI;D j!) /lJ rrur, 'Fft®/h&uUUL.'F LDrr@JT ffirTtU. ~u1l[T;Df!JffiiTu'J @®8;@jW 1iiT~fJ)J wmfd;,;iv (!pC!:£' ;£ilLlrrllJ#J G/lJrr@ a;®fii~rT IiiTrDEirU6'fJ/lJ 611ri6llLffJ)Jffi.tf;J~iG@c.iJ. LlJrTrrd;1iifv ffiwtf;i

76

GJu rrCI!J'iiiT (!JJ jh6VrSlJ tr jb" WIlJs,ai @rLliu I1LGlJ8ia. airoWG@!)LL#J iJ!~ tiTGtJr.v.rr ~/hrrr:r8; SiLfJ)JfJiG6TTiT@W a;@[Trraiu Qurr(iljffi~w uU/-llJ,rrai#J jbrr~ UrTLt....rrliiYfl rSlJrT8;a;U GurrrT#Jjh!h~[TriilailiiYfl~

t5J[T jbrr~ a;t....fii1jJWfii1jJUJ <5)J6'fJ[TIlJfJ)Jffi/lJrrrT. 'tP® @j;DlUt5JLL..

.'F(!fJ,{brrUJj,fijlrDEir miJr.vrr QJrT d;a;®a;OorrlL/w fill!ffi'fill!r.v8;mfiill;Dl

tiT@ffi@l8; Qa;rrroW@ ~1OiJ611rT 8;fJiffirailiiYflmL..GUJlLf'iiiT6TT ur;rGivUIJ 11Lj!)6ljailiiYflm 8"n.L.@ Glwrr j,§jffi<iilfiffi Lff!J;£!&v rffijiu51(]r.v ai®d5W6V

Q airr WGIJ tf;i ~ ~ /lJ W s51&r611 rr ai . ~ ffi ffi<I .'F(IjJ /lJrr UJ ffi jim

IlJ jh tr rT j, ffi QJ 6TTrT .#md; fJi L.L j, <iilfi jhU-{ Lb ~ ffi ffi # .'F(IjJ jJj tt UJ ffi tf;i d;

(!Jjw @/lJlf .'F(IjJ,{brrlLlr5Ja;@!jd;@5w @@LGUJIlj'iiiTriff U[TGYvu[T

11Lf!J6l[a13mlljw fJi®ffifilGtJ Qa;mifr611~-@@1 ~fJ)JjJjrrw (ljJw

w~ 611rT ei;a;#Jjlm- a:mUJrrw GurrrT j,jhffiffi'IJrliJ8i@1j8;(!Jj .g)flJl-u

Ufii1jJLUJrra; @@j8;ai (ljJUf-lLfw. .,!§{(]jJj a:WIlJj,~6V, 1iiT6V6Vrr GlJrT8; a;rliJa;OorrlLJw. IiiTGtJ(ilJrT jBrr@ai&rlLJw ;tI&vUJ<iilfiwj;lu51iu UiTrT8; a;rrw6u @1lJJ;ai ;tI&uuJIriu u.rrrtJ;s;)(]@w; ~,{brr611~, .g)f611;jJ=/D ~ma:lLlrr,{b ;£i&uJlG<iU rutti d;a;rrwiu @llJrliJ8iJJ; Qa;fTroWlJI-(ilj8;@jW ;tI&uu51Qr.v UrrrT8;&;i(]@w (@$/lJ @1lJ8;fJij,@m- 6ilIfijia;&rr ;tIrT ~u5Iuufii1jJ1iilJ ~Q<5)JrrCI!J 611,i d;a;ffij;lw Qurr®6TTfT /lJrr[T rurrfj:;6l[ Jff!&u<iilfiLlJ8iW f!jiTm-). L5Jf!J@5. @UJJ;a;ffi<iilfi/lJu UrrrT8;@jW (]urr§jJw Qa:wj!J aiiT6V#J<iilfijhU U;D;Dl1lJ UrTrT@611IL/LW LDL.@W ~~jJju LlrrrTs,a;rrLlJiu ..-rj;lrTa;rr<iUffim,{bu u,dJ;DI1lJ urrrT<iilfirSlJU-{L@lw @1lJ8;

aiffi6'fJ/lJu UrrrT8;m(]@w . .g)fGffi a:wUJ:di~Iifv, ~uulS/-u UrrrT8;<iilfia; uJl6V , Q w.tPIGIJ tr ai flj6'fJ L GJu fJ)J m /D WrT fJ)J,{bGtJ ai&r wL..(£lw urrrTs;$;j!) • 'urf/@!)wQJrrjlfJiliiYflm-" 6£Jr!!!i§rrWs; Ga;L..rrraru a;(I1jj,

(]ffirTL.L..j,tf;id;@j pffirfJi jD,rrw @UJ8;a;j,mffiu urrrTuu~riI)&v; ~ 1b;f;@jU U fiji 6V tt a; • ~UJ 8; ai ~1lJ6V GlJ6'fJaiu51GtJ ~6'fJ Ib fljrr W t.ut ti: 8;8iJ@W: ' '@j,jJj~a;11J t!l;vwwrrroWLwrrw rSlJ6TTrT .#8'ia;liiYfIw ;£i&uSi6V @®u.tPI ~roW@a;:;;ir 'FY(iIj .ilirr~8;@j8; an.L FFL..rTa;rr. ~Cl!JffijJjrr ~w, t5Jm-~6V @(I1ju§jJ ~mr{j)e;&rffi /lJ~W1ill ~L..8; 8iJd; QairririWsr@wriff jDrrL.a;~w GIJ[T8; an.(Jjlw'· tiTm-/JJI WrTrT8;Gi!J ..-rriilQa;GtJa;.8;@5 tiTC!:£'j;I~rT. (1J>14-t!)u aurrli.@jrulJ~~, QjJjrr@jf_i) 3.

U8; a;w 1 2 7 .) euetr rT MilaSim- ?j.¥illQru rr@ a;L.Lffiffi',fJ2Jw.

~GJ6lJrr® a;~ffij;l.!jWLb UrrLLiTGTfI 611.rT8;/JiU GurrrTj,lb;B ffi'[TffiraiW LJf!J;ff1&u rfj;lu51'Jr.v, ffis6!rTd;a; (!JJUf-UJrTffiffirTlLf'iiiT6TT w<ii':lfl/lJ

eu [T6Vrr ;D;Dlm- @rLld;8; @rLl&vd; fJi~ 8;fi1GtJ tiT(Jjl #J tf;J 8; Q airr <iiW

Lrra; GIiilJ~@w: ~(iIj LffDw, .g)fr:rfilUJriu ajhd;a;w ~rirr6TT

~GtJr.v §jJ LlJ;jJ ffiwrrraru • • • .,!§{<iilfi W iJ! IlJrT W /lJ tr a;.#' , Q a: tt iuwuu(El W

77

6WiNrT 1i8'J JffirotJGlJw 8iiTrotJu ul§jfijl8i&rr, (!:PWGiM~ 6lJrT 8i8i;iij;l!O~ 1Lfim" rTliWl@JIL{W cseo jlJlill ,tb1LJ W:JU ttti jlJ fijl jD&r ILJ W 6lJ etttt UU,tb;D 8ifT8iU UlLJWU@jlJjl8i Gla;iTmW a6lJ~@W; LD;DGlC!!l(!!j YjDw,

{j/UUfi/-U UUJWU@jlJ$l8i Q8iiT@r@ljw C86lJ&v ~&rjblilljlj

uui: ~j},tb 6lJrT 8ia;jlJfijlW1IillLUJ {j/lLJ8i8ijbfijlw "@jJ)IffiJ

{j/rotJL8'JtLJjlJlill jlj' , ~IillL6lJjlj;Da;rT 9i, ' '@(!!)U~ ~ro5M@a&r jb

jljw@Jllm ~L8;iil8; Q8iiT~@mliilT' , W9ijlJjljiTGiM f9rTL9iriitf!riv,

LDa; jb jljiT~ u~a;&rr f9IillL(!:p1ill jDu1Iriv r§11ill JDC86lJ ;D)!fi 1ill6lJ U

U ,tb;DQ9jrflUJ fijl jD&r ~j}jlj 6lJ rT 8ia; ;iifijlW/1iWl L (]lLJ 1L~LrT 8; iii

liWl@Juu,tb;D8iiTa; f9LjlJffiJ8i Q9iiTro5M@ (]UrTa; C36lJ~@w. @j}jljU t.5!iT Ii ~ 8' WU j}j!j WiT a; WiT rT 8; IFlw @iT!O?W@ 6lJ tr jljriv a;@r I§j)!fiu U tr GiM (IJJ 8; iii UJ ffi/jjJ@JW 6lJ tr UJ f9 j!j1iWl5lJ : ~6lJ ;D)!firiv ~ [f)J G;)UJliJUJ!U1Oll1ffi ill@6JlUJ fiiTWjlJ .fl)IT~(]rotJ g2__GJirIiilT/jjJ; ~~ UiTL

LiTriitf! 6lJrT8;a;ffijrw QUrT(!!jliilTrr jljrTiTU (]UiTiTiTLLW, QUiT(!!j

ett tt ffj IT iT $I !1)16lJ6M riv9iGJir 8' WU j) fo WiT GiM /jjJ ; LD ;DQC!!l(!!J 6lJ tr j!j LD

ILw!M,ffi16fu(ijffi ILLil .9I~~ul1r;\J @(!!j8;iiljD~; OO~ UrTLLiTliilfI

6lJ rr 8; a; jlJ fijlw JJI iJ 8'JUJriv U rii'J1Ji)a;GJir 8' WU j) j!j LDiT~ /jjJ . (!:P /briv

6lJiT j!jLD t5!W6lJ(!!)LDiT [f)J: "QU(!!J1iI'l /b 1L;DUjlJffiJ, fJ!1!!;6lJliWliT

fJ!(!!j6lJ ti JJI)!fij}fijliT tt ffj LD8;a;&rr ffi j!iJliilTiT a; fjlrT {j/LjlJfijlriv

Q9jro6i 8; iii jD/jjJ . (]UiT Lll/- ~6lJ rr a;liiff)w f9rotJwa;&rr U t5! rfI 8iiil JD /jjJ .

~@riv, foriva;w (!:PffirotJrrliiff)8;@5 fiiTfijliTrTa; ~6lJrTa;@lj8;@j {j/1!!;8;I§jW QUiT ~ jErotJ@GiM an_<ii6rlilllLJ8; 9irrUUiT ;D)!fi8; Qa;rrGJir6lJ/jjJ fiiTWU/jjJ, ~6lJrT a;&rr et j!rTUY fiiTroM JD GlUiT ~Ii fF)j}/b&N-u51C8rotJ - @&Mut.5!GrotJ - ~ [f)J U@ ffi ~ iii jD /jjJ... (IJJ jlj~riv ffj 'iiISiJ ffi ffiW/1ll tr a; {j/1!!;,dJ/jjJ 6lJ ;jJ /b @&mUY8;8im ®(!J; 8; a;liilTiT 9i ~6lJrT a;&rr ~IillLD8;iilw jDr5I5T. . . fiiTU QUiT(!:JltplGLD ~jJ)I UL@ ;fi;b&iJjD flfJriil!/bGiMffifijlW fiiTfi;lC8iT ~6lJ[T9i@lj8;® [~/biT6lJ~ GlffiiTySlriilJiT6YfIa;@!)8i@j] @,dJffi @&oirru IillU &&vr§/[f)Jffi/jjJGll/jjJ an_~IillUJ r§/&V&[f)Jffi/jjJ@JliWlforo6iL ~fijl9i ~@JfF)UJWiT~@&iJjDtpJ. .. {j/,dJ/bU GUiT[TiTLLffi$lriv - @/jjJ 1L!O?W IillLDu1IG<iI! 'ifrT g2__GJir f9iTL@U GUiTrT ffirTW - GlliTuGUiT@5W GUrr(!!J8;

@5ffi G/bIillGllLUrrr5I5T fiiTrivrotJrr ~w8'rfila;@ljw 'f};D[f)JmLDUU@jbj!jU

UL@ euettti 8;8iUU@&iJWjDr5I5T. @$/b8; a;LLffilillffi fiiTLfS/-1ll

LDrT ffi fijl [T ffi fi;lriv a;,_L L iiiWlLU rr 10M /jjJ ~ [T 8'JUJriv fo W Iill LD Q U;D [f)J

G£/@iilfDtpJ. ' , {j/rivGa;jljrTw Qurr(!!JliilTiT /biT[TU GUiT[JiTLL;iJ

tpl8;Q9jW, G/biTff!;D8'I"fila; @1ll8;8i;iJ/jjJ8;@5W 6lJ[TuGurr@5LD 8'Jriil! U;iJ jljrr~@9i@!)8;@5 G6lJ~fi/-1ll (]6lJ&v ffi fijlLL(!:PW C8UiT ti jlJ ffj ff;$1 [Triva;(~LD f9LD8;@j8; &iJIiWlL8;$lW fDGiM. urrLLrrliiff) 6lJrT 8;a;LD

, '6lJ[TuGurr@jLD (]UiT(!!J8;@jft;' , ffj~ /jjJ 8'8;jra;&rr ffi fijl[TLfS/-8i Qa;iT<orr iii JD tZ!O?W L 8i rt rotJU U@jfijl (!:P(!J;6lJ jlj jJl§j LD @1iWl6lJ (]U rr /jjJ LD . {j//bW U8;9i;iJfijlC8rouGIll LDrriTa;arLD IiiTrivQa;rivarw t.5!rf)LUJ-~ Gl foiT ySlriil! IT srr rT {j/LU 8;a; ffi jlW a: fo tt [T= ffi IiWl jlj U U;D )!fi ffi jlj j}/jjJm ill Ur;,l) C8 LD jJC89i tt W I§j)!fiU Y a;&rr IiWl 6lJ ffi j!j rr a; (]Gll~@ W . Q j!j tt iflriv

/jjJm jDuJ)~Will ' 'Q8'(!:JlIiWlLD' • fiiTUUll/- ' 'GlffjiTiflOVrrliilTr'r 9iOO

GI1I&v8;@j 6lJ tt riv@j6lJfo;D<!J>rrGiM' , (!:Pill jJ8'J<!J>6YfI ~ W ( lLLq-fSU

(]UrTlL@jrulJ~~, QjIJiT(ff)fijl 1, U8;<!J>W 136), ~6lJrTa;&rru (]u IT iT tt L L ffi fijlWi I!!; ffi /jjJ $II!!; ULfGll fo jJ<!J> iT~ (!:Pill jJ8'Ja;riitf! gw W Qa;miim@ GUiTluro6i@iiljD/jjJ; liiTuufS/- {j/ff;/IJ"F Q8'(!:JlIiWlLD QUiT/jjJ

61Jrra;C86lJ "GljIJlTff!rotJiT<iifTrTa;OO g2__[f)Jfijl (ff)&v1ll80 Q8'tiJii;)fDtpJ"

(QjljlT@jfijl 2, u8;a;w 218); fiiTuuUJ- t.5!rflLfS/-~ UiTLLrr6Yfl 6lJliT<!J>a;w "(!:PffjrotJiTliiff)tiltpl6lJ LDC8@u.iT6lJ(ljJmillffjiTa;" ~iilro6i@ iii fD /jjJ - ' , W jJGl jDrivrotJ tr 6lJ ;bm jD lLJ LD GI1I L wa;t.E1 <!J> (!:P forotJ ,iT6YfI til /jjJ6lJ til /bwmLD g2__r,;jTIiilT @ff;j!j C8jIJ8'LD" (@riv&i!riil!iTff;/jjJ) "@[f)Jfijlu5JC8rotJ (IJJ ffjrotJ IT 6YfI 61J ti 8; 8i til C8 jIJiT@ (!:P ffjrotJ tr riitf! ffi /jjJ6lJ G U rr 8i@jmliilT t.5! [J y6lJ W 8'jhm/blLJLD (!:p/b<OViTliilfIjh/jjJ61JU GUiT8;(ff)mill UITLLiTriitf! 5lJrT8; a; til m ffj lLJ W ~1iWl LD jh /jjJ 8; Gl a; IT m 6lJ fijlC8riV @5;D1LUiTuSll!!;8;$jD/jjJ (] urr iv G /biTW [f)JiiI jD/jjJ" (Q ffjlT@jfijl 2, u8ia;w 290); liiTuufS/- ~,dJj!j 6lJrT8;<!J>til$l5ilT "Lf[TLfF)9i[TWiTG)IfT =8;a;w" ~&iJC8UJiTfS/-ro6i@iilfD/jjJ (Q/bIT@jfijl 3, U8;8iLD 124); fiiTUUUf "drf)LUf~ QjIJlTiflriVrr ffirTa;m Q6lJ6YfIffiGffjrT jJ)DjlJfijliv Q/brfl&i!jD, /briv8i&rru SUf8;I§jW (!:P jIJrotJiTriitf! tiltpJ5lJ jlJ Q:'brr ffi/jjJmllliT fbluSl<ii6r(!!jffi/jjJ j!jriva;&rr ro6i@<iiI1/jlJtpJ8;

Q9irrGJir@ljGlJffj;DI§j" (!:pwu,Ta; ~)DjlJffiiT!}J JZ!O?WL a;rTovw

9i1T jlJfijl(!!J8;a; G6lJ~I+lU ~61J81lULD @(_IIj8;@jW (QffjrT@jfijl 3.

ua;8iw 127); fiiTuull/- t.5!rf)LUJ-sq, Q;§JrTySlrotJiTliilTlT {j1ll8;9iffifi;lulJ

"8'rTrTLfS/-~@<M>Yflw19 ~rflIllW @iv&v" (1866; GlffiiT@jfijl

3, ua;a;w 305); fiiTuuiJ/- t.5!rf)LfS/-si:p Qj!JrTySlrotJrrliilTrTa;ww

/b&v6lJrT 9iW "$GI1IiT (lJJffiriVrTW 5lJrT 8;a;til:'brTl!!;8;@jW Q foiTySlriVITIiiff)8; ®w'· @IillL;fi&VuSlGriVILJWIiilT [T9iWiT& ~iiI 61J(!!J$lC!!lrTa;w (@tpl C] ~IT,,-6)C3.lU IT 8; IiiTW U6lJ Iill [T 8; Q9j,aS! ffi tpJ Ii Q a: iTW GiM t!)J ; Q ffirr@jfbl

4, u8;a;w 209); t.5!rf)LUJ-si:p ~9iC8U'Ta;;iJfblw 9irT[Tfim"wrra;,

.@ff;ffj ~8iC8urr 9iW @(!!J8;$lfD 6lJGif)[T 8;@jW, IOTUUfS/- "t5!rflL

fS/-~ QjljiTySlGllrTW ~1iWl8',dJ/jjJ Qa;IT@8;9i l£iTLLrrW" (Qj!jiT@jfijl 4, u8;a;w 433); fiiTwQjDrivriVrrw ~ff;/b C8LD;DG9iITwa;w @)!fia; iilwjDG)IfT. QjljITySlGIliTliilTrT .@lU8;a;ffifijlrn QUIT/jjJ6lJrrm- GUrT8;@5 (.9IfSm rnfurOl..JW<'fu_L) 8'wu$fowrr8i, QU'T(!!jIiilT,T ,tb.T[TU:]UIT[TITL

78

79

L~WW CJUrrrT ~ffi~j1[F~a;Gir ~rliICJa; Lfj}a;u9a; Iiil1IrflliilJrrw,

&(!£!~wllJrrw, @1lJ8;8i65!l1Jiv (IjJ~jDllJrr6M, 1iL.,m~WllJrra;~

LJ[FL_JFia;[Fwrrw CJ[9rr8;® JffJ&uu!il£i@~~ a;@j1u UfTrT8;a;UUL (£JGirW.f1jJ .

02')WfilllJiv GUrr[FrrLLiJ@~ CJurrrT ~ffi~@[F~a;Gir 8'WU~ffi

ust es: 02')fLiJ-UU~L wrrrT8;filllJ8; Ga;rrLUm..:_~L8; ILw!!J,ml6hJ(ijli. ffiLtFl .9-J!!5'1iirnIL Q6lJstflu!ilLL~: ' 'IiLLWLiJ-llJrrW @GlJL_mllJ!!iJ a;&rr<i- 8'rr i}iuuf!j;Da;rr a;, Glf!jrryYrovlTstfI euti 8;a;~j)W f!j;Da;rr£la; [9rov ~ a;&rr !J~ ,!!JG@1;DfJ)J1iiIJ f!j;D a; tr a; 8; a; wMJ, tffi)~(£Ja;Gir CJu tr [F rr(£J ~@rT a; fiiT " ~~.§Jli W8'n.L , &a; ,pa;rrrov ~1lJ8;a; Jb @CJrovGIlJ ~liiIJrT a;Gir

02')f/!Jf!j @1lJa,a;iJjI~ <iTfj)rTo$rrroviJ~f!jlLfw tSI[FfiJJffJfj)~.f1jJ@1U

U@iJfj)8; $@1tffi) ~.f1jJ8; Q$rrw-&:I(I!1rT a;w. ' , ~f!j~6v f!jrr~

1848w ~GiWCSf-Gill Gurrrovj}j)iv "Iiil1IIiiIJ8'rrl1Ju LJ[FLfil8;"

a;L_filfi1)llJ, "184 6iv f!JL/!Jf!j fiJ[Frr8;$@ <fiT(!£!4&l~1lJ~ jJjfJrdorLiJ-1lJ 02')fj}ffi8; a;Liil~I1J", wrrrTd;GYv ~f!jrfliJf!j,TrT. 1 848~w, 1849.§Jliw Gl gllrT wtffi)u51iv ~ fiJ ihliil1l[F ust W LJ[F Lfila; [F lJ5w [9 tt IlJ $ iJ~ f!j uvrtt 8;6W ~f!jrflffif!jfTrT " <MuGurr.f1jJ GurrrT !f;f!j/!J@[F~a>&rd; «!!jfJf!!f;/l)JiJ f!jrrw Gla:fTWCiirJfri15lf!ju OJw@iv o2')fliilJir 6TGir~jD8;«!!jW

w!J)Jffi/l)JiJ @®wuu GlUjDCB@1u5!iv&v. GlgllrTwrr~1lJ c!:pf!jGlJrrr;;yf'/

@1fTa;a;j;~f!j "~[Fwuffij1£1®~CBf!j w8;a;@!jeii@!jd,l /l)JCB[FfT$w Q8'rLJILfW 6TmrHIfT~ Gl$fT.,mCSf-®P;f!j/l)JW" (@!@1a:rru51 UJ8;$@jL~ ~r;;r,I(0'$ riI&1Jr~@®~f!jrrivf!jrrw &f!j6IJfT~ eutr $a;w f!jw /l)J uri1Il1f!a;&rr (yJ@~wllJrra;# a:rr$Jffi.f1jJ8; Gla;rrGirr;;rr C!:Pl1J-/!Jj)®eii«!!jw) "u~fjJl1J 8'(ljJf!jfTllJiJfijJw (yJl1J-(§LiJ-1lJ tSlcrfj)rff/@a;@jLW a:W[F8'W Gla:IiJ,fpJ Gla;rrm~t.b 6T.,mHIfT~ Qo$rrrdorLiJ-®$f!j/l)Jwrrw" ~ir <Mw8'wfTa;iJf!jfT~ wrrird;GYv a;®j)@rT. (yJf!j6IJrrstflffi.f1jJ@1-gllW f!JfT lLla;u LJ (r Lfj') 8' a; tt U f!j ffi fiJiv GlggrT wrill (!:fJ f!jGlJ tt r;;yf'/ @1rT8;a;W COIJti1iJf!j IiilJrT8;$ &&u U;nflSJlLl L£rrrTd;€F!iOM u@!juurrcrmiJ<i-filuSirill 8i@8;a;iJ~f!j @~G8i f!j@~G@w,' @~LCBIlJ ~~;n<i- Q8'miv

61!6IJrr LiJ : a:(yJ f!jfT ill iJeOID ffi @1lJ8;a; rff/&vu!ilGrov urfl€l £I8;«!!jw - <M ~ uxt iJfiJ[Jwiv6IJ, U1~~ Q8'iu~w @1lJ8;8ij;fiJrn u8;a;,dJ W£I®~.f1jJ wL(EJu9rill p5I Urfl€l6518;@jW- Qurr@fiiT(yJf!jriuiOllfTf!jiJfiJ;D«!!j riI~f!jU u@juum;r,TrLJ#fiI ~rT <fiT@jb/l)J8;a;fTL(£; ~@jw ... , , f!jrilltffi) L ffi $J.§Jli W f!J U:JLSi 8; G'5l8i &:IG'5lL ill tr /l)J , us 8; $stf1 L j; fijI.§Jli W

f!JwOJeiifi1)8i filG'5lLlLlrr.f1jJ, Gwriu ;£!&vu51.§JliGirCJr;;rrrrm[J 8; o$rdor(£J

(!:fJWJ(!JlfffJ)JUU$1, g,p p5l&.!u5!.§Jli6TrG61TrrrDlilcr8; e;.,m@ [9@ f!J@rfiJ @!j@1,fpJ;... :ui1Ja;u LJILl&v8; 8imrr(Ej UllJuu(£J6lJfPJ;··. 'iiT/!Jflj

80

Jilf!jiJ@~W ~8;a;w fiJri15lLlLlrrtJjJ, rDTGillliilJ.fT @!f!j!iJa;r;;yf'/~w

m$f!j&riJ fi)®L_@; ... c!:p~(ljJIlJ;D&l(]Ul filri1flLlLlrr.f1jJ; ... fijIL$rriJ ifi[Jwrrw w8;a;stfIw IiilJrrr;;6)u @f!jIlJj;j1~ /l)JLiJ-uLJ5&r iJ f!jw.f1jJ Gla:rr~f!j8; ti1/pL!F f!J61!rille;@I)8;$fT8i @1yYa;rrLl1J-iJ f!jLW LJ[Fr;;rr#

Gla: IiJILf t.b CB 61l&v f!j w 8;@j Iiil1I fiji ffi ifi® uu f!j tr $U uIT@!ffi/l)J8;

Qa;rrw@!jw a:fTud,l/bLrrw fil/pL@8; a;Lri15lL ... " (Die Neue Rheinische Zeitung. 1848; Luerartscnen Nachlass, Glf!jrr®fijI 3, U8;$W 212mu umT8;a;.) @®u/l)J ~fiffi(£i8i@l)8;«!!jU tSI~~iv rDTrliIGla;ivar8;«!!j 'iiT(Lfj11lJ ~® $CSf-f!jJbj1riu (Glf!jfT«!!jfijI 3, U8;8iW 224) 1848t.b ~mrr@u LJ[TLfiI CJf!jfTriurulLf;D,!!Jf!j;D«!!j8; a;rr{rHIfTw, arf!j~$J[Jj,/l)J8;$rra;U Gurr[FfT@@1eOIDf!j Iiil1IL ~lSJ-ri15lwd,lf!jwj,Gjljrr(i)! 8n.LiJ-1lJ s uxt f!jfTwGw CJwQGlJW (!:fJf!jGlJrrVilf! sutr 8;$W a;C'!Jf'jflIlJ~

fljrTcoW rDTcoWfl)J LDrrrT8;siv tSI[F8iLCiirJfUU@d,lfijl~ir. 1848-49t..l·

~riiIffi!Fa;stfIw LJ[FLfiI 8'$rrujljw (!:fJCSf-'i>1/;DjD GUT,fpJ LJ[FLfiI

Q8'ti.J@1~ Gurr61!U Gurr8;@jeii $rTL!FW ~roiJQCOIJrT® (!:fJ1Ll,mfj')

G'5lILlILfW WfTrT8;<iiv 6TfjMiJ!t)rTrT (6l!/'rTUUrT, o;6)riv'ii6)ftim rDT~U6lJrT $&rr rDT@rtj,/l)J LDrrrT8;<iiv Gla:tUfb CJurr[FrTLLW),' Gw.§JliW,

Q61lstflu urrriri15l6lJ8;@!j • '~G'5lwj1lLlrrwjljrTa;d,l" GfbrT~fl)JW

liilJy5Iu51r.fu LJji)1Ll L/CrL&'!$@j8;@j, /fJlLlfTrT Gla:1iJ1Ll (]@1riilffiLiJ-1lJ

@/!Jf!jU LJfijJlLl $LLiJfijJr.fu (]@1&u Gia:IiJILlj, fijI;nmw QU;DfJf! ® 8; a; G61l~@ W rDTcoW /J)J u: trti 8;<iiv @1;DLJfl)JiJfijI IiiIJ $ jljfT ti , @Ji;fb CB@1&vmllJ rDT/!Jfb (!:fJri1fI!!Ju5lGrov f!JL,dJiJ!8; Gla;rrriilffi!F CBurT8i G6lJriiIffi(£JGlWWfJ)J WrTrT8;~ 6l1i®wtSI~rT rDTcoWUmfbU t.5!;DGurr8;filw @(l!jGir LD~CSf-1lJ 8irr6IJWrTW 185 6iv QggrTW~u!ilr;;6)®~fb $I&.! eOIDWG'5lILlU u,m fJf! <M6lJ tr f!j /!J fb W fijJuU'@ a; tr L@fil jD ~ : •• Gl1J5rTwtffi)u!ilw ;£i&umwGllLlrivrDl)oTW 6l1i61l8'rTIlJU (]UrTrT @[FdMLrTLiJ /fJLmliilJlLlrr a; r;;;r ;DUL@U UrTLLrTstfI 6lJrT 8;a;u LJ[JLfil8;@jU

L5lrillUGlJLD ~rDlfI8;$ 6lJrTllJuLJ r;;;r jJu(Elwrr rDTwuG'5lfbd,lf!jrr~

Glurr i!)J,dJw®8;ti1;ntJjJ. ' , (ffill~u ~UrT~rulJ ;'t~, GlfbrT@jf'jfl 2,

U8;$W 108.) QggrTw~u51r.fu gllCiirJff!JrTllJo$ ((!JlfbliilJ.rrrDlfld,l~6lJ)

LWLfj') C!:PCSf-'i>1/ QU(I!1jlj COIJri15l[JuSiiv, 6l1iGlJa:rruSia;6tflrill gllWf!JrTllJa; ~;DjD&v @1r;;rrrTuujlj;ba;rr~ CBurTrr ffifb~j1crffiJ$6tfliv G8'rr6l!/'r;;6)a:u UrTLLrr6tfl @1rT8;8ij;j1W a;@1wffiri15l,~ ~fI)J @jGJ1!I1J# Q8'Ii.J~

6lJ $f!jrr tr usttt 8;~. GlJ<iivliilVrr£iWlG'5lLIlJ 8i~CJ!~LLW

, 'UlfbrrrT ffif!jffiifiCJGlJ. . . Glf!j.fTyYrDI)rTWrT @1Ll8;a;w (tjJc!:pIiilJri15l fblLfw

OJ[F@<pllJrT6l/8;«!!ja, 8irrLCSf-8; Qa;rr@uu~fbrrw" rDTwfI)J

uvtti 8;<iiv o$®fijI~rT (Gl jljrr@jfijl 3, u8;a;u 21 0). t.5![J@<pILlU

81

Glu (!!j ffiJ61JU L51[T LJ 8;ail@Ej8;@jW (; jljfj')1Ll 6lI iT /h;iJ /l)J 8;@jW 61J1OW<iiWm.iJ iL L t6rOD) /h ILl iT 8i @(!!jt6/h(]/h @/h;D@j aiiT [T,;'ffl W . u;iJ jlnJGIDai8i@!J8;@ ~@6lI/hj)aiiT~ ~® &_LLp)l8;GID8i 66i~ILIWiTai WiTrT8;(]c'FiT@

8i®;iJ .fb/8;8;(};;rr U UnJ WiT p)l8; Gl8i rHill I@EjLD G UiT .f!jJ 1 8 6 5 <OiJ

6TffilGl8OivlOW L.5Im-6l.I®WiTfI)J 6T~jI~rT: "66i6llc'FiTlLI(]w uSlaiu

Glu(!!j WUiT ~w iL6lr1iif 15>® f!JiTLLrf-fiu, WiTGlu(!!jw Jff!6lJuu[J

LJ;iJfljJ6l.I 6lILDIT ;iJ(]/biTnJm- IHTLGID~m- &iiP ~[TiTWULJJDu UiTL LiT WI 6l.I rT 8;aiW /h tI>GID jljQ/!p C':PGID JDu5!a 6lJ 8i-[T dM LU U(j}i6l./GID jljU U;Dp)I ~ 6lIiTrT ;iJGIDjlj&_L8c Gl8'iTfiu61JiTWiv @1LItI>jI[T;iJ Q jljiT!pmfiu (]Q/&! Q8'liilJ..fw UiTLLiTWi 6l./rT8;ai;iJjlW (]u[JiTfiu (!JJ/hr;;))iT'iiffI

eu ri 8; 8i ;iJ GID ffi WL@W jljiT 8; ~ 6lJ (!!J6l./ tfjJ rJ IT d3 jljrffi WiT@W. ' ,

(Q/hiT(!Ijj) 3. U8;aiW 217.) QgtlrTwGrif!u5!<OiJ C':Pffi6lJfTWI;iJfljJ6lJgtlrffi f!jiT 1L18i U LJ I) LfilGIDILI &rOD) f!JGIJ u(j}i;iJ tfjJ LD 8' ai tr U jlj W C':PLrf-GIJ 8;@ 6lI tI>tfjJ QaiiTdMLrf-®tI>ffi 8iiT6lJ ;tjl6IJ, @tI>jlju LJ[TLfilrOD)lLl GlDGru

@®1>~CJ /hIT6l./QjljiT® @!pu5i<OiJ ffiJrOD)JDGlJu@;iJ.f!jJrDlljlj,llJ@jU

U [TroYflLl iTGID@iLf W ~IOW jI rfllLl iT ~1Oll iLf LD (]a' If ;B jlj 8i [T dM(j}i W

6lJ If 8;8iffiN3i GIT GU,T [T tr Lrf- 8; Q 8iiTlOW Lrf-(!!j ffi /h 8' 80iT U /h W C':Pll}-GIJ 8;@j 6lIffifIjJ Q8OiTfdrrrLrf-(I1)8;~8Ou5l6IJ, ~/hfT6lJtfjJ 1864w ~rnrLrf-m(!!jffitfjJ 1870w ~fdrrr(j}i rDllGID[T, L.5IlOWwiTlf8i(8jLl;;N- (8)r;;))iT66i8i Gl8iiT~ Lrf-®tI>/h 61JlOWl@1)iT&u WiTlf8i1OW ailOWll}-;tjljlJ/hiT@ wL@w<OiJ61JiTwriiv,

"~6YvjlrfllLl u8;jlQ/iTjljffij)m-" u8i8iWfTai@/W jljGrif!jbjljw~w

Q/ tt jlj ffiGID /h 2 D ~nJ UU jim- U8080WiT 8i 6lj W 8' iT ILl J!jt!)f Gl8i iT,.m

ll}-(I1)tI>/h .mU8;Qrffi,WGIDLIJ..fW airdtrrL1-d3tfjJffi j)®d5jl~lf. t..5I6YvWfTlf80 GID 8i iLf W ~<iv jlrfi ILl U8; jlrDll tt jI a;&rriLf W er jl If jb t!)f fIJI) WiT jI rfllLlfT 80 1'Fiii6J [T 8;8iuSlW ;DJU IJ UfT If LJ rfl6l./ /h ,llJ@jrfilLl LJ[T LfilailJ' WiT rffi (]UfT!Tjbjljffi@[TffiGIDjlj WiTlf8;6Yv 1J8ifT!fI~lf; "Q6l.I;iJ;DJ 681)~rffi" t.S/[TroYflLl gtlffilai(!!J8i@ G6l.IrnrL9-1U LDfTjlnJ ~~wtI>jllJ'iTWfiu, ~jlj,llJ@U Uff;i6lJiTa;U t.S/[TroYflLl IJ'iT~6lJ QIOll,dJ,!!5)8OGIT ZLrnrLiT8;&iljb jljffiffi ~L!f-uu~LulIa6\l ~6lI~1) IiTjlrTjb§jJ ZLLrffiL1-lLliTaiU LJI)Lfilu (]UfTlJ'fTLLffilirf)/h W,.m(j}iw J!jLffitfjJQ//h,llJ(;8O;DJD GUfTrt jb/htI> @[T;iJIirf)/h(]1Ll LDiTrt8;Giv 1J8OiTrfI@lf. (ffilJl-~U C:UrTli.@)rulJ;:!J~, Q/hiT@jff;i 3, U8;8ir5:JailOTr 134, 136, 147, 1 7 s, 204, 210, 215,418,437, 440-441.) ~~6lJffiff;iw 1870 Glc'FU

LLDUrt 9 W G /h@1Ll QUlLlrtQu;DJD ~p)l8;rOD)8iu5!r,it), a;fT6lJU

Q UfT ® jb /l5 w;D jD 6T@eF8'1mlLleF Q8' Iii 1U80 &_L tr tfjJ 6T W fI)J t..5IQ [Tr§8i-U UiTLLrTr;;tf/ Q/rT.ilhjbGIDjlj WiTrT 8;1OW 6TeF8'nJjb/hfTrt.. ~~fiu, ~@rT ,Qa'iTriivmu5!(!!JtI>jlj GUiTi)$?lw 1871iv 6T@eFf#l {l5mLQu;DJD

82

GU.iTtfjJ "66i'5ffi&meF 8'iT@~wJD" w8;a;Wlw LJ[TLY':aiIJWrTrffi (ljJwC':P IU ,llJfilmlLl uvtti 8;,oiv iL j)a'rr ai;iJ(] ,fbiT@ GlaiiTlOW LfTll}- 6lJ[T (]6lI j)0?rT . (8'n-airiivWW18;(!Ij WrTlT 8;6Yv 6T@i)1Ll a;ll}-/l5w.) @tI>jlj r£!~wuS!.fJllw c'FnJ, @jlj[T U6lJ &&VmW8iWl$?lLD /Trfi, uuttis: ?lrffi tfjJ @1LJ8;ai66i1U6IJ 6lJma;UUL L QUiT (!!J6lr(!JJ fbriiv@iT/h;iJ@w 0'&uu5!iIJ &wfI)J UiTrT8;@jW GUiT§jJ, i5Jj)Qairffi(]6lI m8iuuj);DJ

'J5J(I1),rBfb &&vmllJ80 md(j}iQ/mjlj 66iL, GUiT[TiTLiTI..I:G6lJ

c'F1J'~a;ff;i ~mL@mfb 66iL, LJ[TLfilailJLDiTffi GUfT[TfTLLW

(]jljfTivrdillU<W>L6lJjljfTrffif5J UfTLLiTGYfi @rT8;a;U GUiT[TfTLL_jbi)W

QUiT tPl6l./iTrffi GUiT 8;@j8;(!!jW ~~ mfur!itJ/i,(.I5w (!Ijm f!J,rBjlj

jriiJGaillJiT@jw. ~UUI!f-UULL 8'[T~aii) UrrLLfTr;;tf/ r;;vrf8;

aijb@rn- iL!f)Ji)GIDIlJ8; @j&vffi@(!!J8;@jLD, ~/hw GUiTrTffiffilJDlhru U6lJ68rffiuu@;tfbiu5!®8;@jW. ~[TfilllJriiv G/h.ia;w &rJill66i C':P/hrJilliTWljb f5Jr;;v/# /TLL8; aiL(j}iUUiT(]jl GW(]<iillfTriiJ~u5!(I1)8;@jLDUll}-lUrTW airT<iillU u@ji)8iWliIJ c'FLLJd,rT6l.IWrTW GUrT[TrTLL 6lI!p@GID8ia;Oorru UILlrn-

u@d3/l)J@GIDjlj WiT If 8;W Jd,rT6W WrT ai iL,;'ffl rT ,rB.f!jJ Q 8i rT,.m(]jl ,

c8jGrif!uuLL G8'iTr5l!pmGiv(]jl-6TfbirTuLJeF 8'LLW22 ~C':P~8;(!!j

6l./ tI>jlj U/ JD@, 1 8 7 7 - 1 8 7 8 ~Gffi@aiWlriiv GWrTW jb 6TrnU@®~LILI •• LJ[TLfil8i[T WrTW Q/TrTr,it)61J(]jl8i(:5jai&r jb " jiii6JIJ ustt a; 8; airnrl!f-jb/hrTrT," ~~<OiI ~GIDjlj 66iLjb j66i[TwrTu5!r,it)61Jrr66iLLfT ~LD ~/h,dJ@j 6TtI>jb rdiI/hjbfbigww @jGIDjDeF8'miv61JiTfh $66i[Td3f5JL@Jr ~ fi'aiiT [T /d,rt@ uxt W 8'~ai - gt]w ffifT IlJ ai 8; ai L&'!u5!<OiI ffi jJ8ifT m ai usn s. ~@8iaiW QLJj);DJ®,rBfh 8'ffijbrTuu@fTfbffimjbiLfLb WrTrT8iGiv a;rnr ll}- d3 /h fT rT ; i5JGlwGrif! iv G8' rTr5l!pm<iiiv(]jl- 6T fbi tr U LJ eF 8' L L jb

.f!jJ8i@jU LJfbi61JWl8;@W C':PrOD) JDu5!Gv, ~tI>fh8; aiL&'! iLLGW

w(]~ @LjbmjljiLfw , iL!J)I@mllJiLfw • LJ [T LY':a; [T WfT ~ .2_,;'ffl rr eF UJ

GIDllJiLfLD, 8'LLrdiI(]l)fT jbWfTW GurrIJ.rTLLffifbiiv @JDffiJ(!!j IOlljljjJ(!!j;t jbllJrT[T,rruS!(!!J8i(!ljw IJLJfT8i~aiiLfLD Q@WluLJ(]jld5jbrdi1iv&v. (ffilJl-~U aUrT~rulJ;:!J!bI. GljljfT@jfbi 4, LJ8;a;rlila;GIT 397, 404, 418, 422, 424; (]<iiWfTrf(]a; 6Trn-U6lI(!!J8;@j 6T@WIU a;ll}-jbriiJ

ai&rlL{w LJfTrT 80 a; .)

1914 ~e.'1J-:l1i")JWurf1,;p

1 91 5ol' ""(Il)8;BiUl,'T= <iillliJ-rdiliv illJ~t'_ 6Tm~mlli>G6111T u~UJITm1ru "'lfJrTW ufiiuy. G,1hrT@jfi;: 28iv .5!. @GfluJru

C>T.N,'D ..,,,,oi'FTffit51L.N (IJJ,1hrdilol' OI!)""ff!.3;8iu

ULL:f1jJ. (tpBi",/6OJ1J 1 91 8iv :fi. GI",6"d)Qr GT(11Jfj;.Ul

ILrn'rru I£rrfrei:.iiu 'U'lrfJC]urnD ~ L5lva;fTw LDIT6ivC]8i,'T

GTGirr,'D m;J)JG6'dOtf/uJLIiJ-Su u,[T 1rr,f/8;BiUULL:f1jJ



~lru ~IJLffi, G,1hrT@jfj} 26, u8;",rliJa;6rr 43-81

~6lJ61J .,-rW.Jl)I ~GiJ-o£)®611C!!JLD 0iT~~.f!jJ8; 8>iTLLSj-~rT 8>m. (]<FrTVil'/' ii6lSCLD .,-rWUffiJ ro:rCJ~iT 8>'iiM6lj a;iT~tftilV611rTa;@!jri'J}LUJ a;jbu&Nu

QUrT(!!jm ~6lJ6I); fJiroS'iiM <F(!fJ ~rTUJ~i)6lJ I!L,dJU ffifj;i5 <F8;fbi

8>@!jri'J)LIlJ euettti 5mW 8>ri'J}L8'l8i @j)15J8;Ga;rT@!jW, f!5t5'81rT 8; a;

(!fJLSj-UJrT fIj ..aI&rr6ljw ~@jW ~.f!jJ 1OT66r.Jl)l ~rfiI8>W t5'81c5t5rT'iiM JJjff6V8>61FIGriiIJ WrTrT8;(kW IOTffilQ8>6V8<W (!fJ~W (yJ~riilJrT8> ..aIffi8; l$J'iiMrT . {j)ffiJ 61"i~ IT ~LLSj- GriiIJ )15JlLfw en Gll IT 61J rTQ )!J6lJ6IJ tt W 611 rT 8;8>U (]UrTlT tt LL_ ffi fijliiM eu cr 61JrT .Jl)I ~ rTW , ~ )!JiiM OIiiMQ!@iiM@uJffi Q~rTLIT~~ §?J6I) 8'(LfJf!5rTUJ 611rT8;a;rfiIa;w w;D)!J GllrT8;a;rfiIa;rotf)w

LEffiJ QGll;D;DI Qa;rrcrnr~ ~fbi8;a;w Q8'2H~fj;i r;,1J$.fljJm6YrfbiW

611 cr 61J tt !J)J fljrTW . 611 tt a; 8> U (] UrT cr tr LL ffi ffiJ 8;@jW , eu tr 8; a; ~ i) jb

@jIfJUJ ~iJl8;a;~ffiJ8;@jW ~IiI-UUri'J}L_8>ffirT!4Wffi f!5~5Q8'rT ~ffiJW, ~ITrTma;WrT'iiM <F(!fJ~rTUJ l!L;Duffifj;ilLfw Wri'J})!J$QfljrT~l$J)!J Gllri'J}IT ~6lJ @~ $LSj-~aflj $(!!jw. @$fIj ~LSj-UUri'J}L8>'&rr ~~ffi.f!jJ

..aiL G611.,..m~W IOTW!J)J UrTLLrT6Yfl GllrT8;a;ffiiJIiiM fJi61JiiMa;m

(]S;rT(!!jI$JW)!JW. .,-rW(]6lJ, fjGIT ~~~6lJ iJllTromL G~rT~

6I)rTiJIfls;rorf)w iLmrrT6lj kJ,rT6lJLDrTW 611rT8;$U iJUrTcrrTLLW @GiJ

GllLSj-UU63lLa;@!j8;@j lOT fj;iITrT 8>5 Q<F ~~fljUUL (]Gllrom$lw.

iJLD~W, ~Q6lJrT(!!j 611 IT 8;a;u iJUlTcrfTl._:_L(!PW ~IT§?JUJ6V

GUrTITrT LL(]WUJIT@jW.

@rrn6lJ LDrT rr S;6IV • OiTffiJQ a;6lJ§?JW 8>(!!j ~ ffiJ 8;S;6Yr IT@jW . U tt L

LrTliiYfI 6lJrf8;a;jiiJIw ..aI~fljOov8;S;rT8>U (]UrTVIT$lw UrTLLlT1iiYfI

a;w ~&N6lJ(!!jw @~~8; a;(!!jji/};J8;s;&rr 'V;D.Jl)I~ ~W~rT8;l$J8;

Qa;rT.,..m@w6Yr~rT . ~!@6lJ , 1840 - 5 0 W ~rom~s;iJIfl6lJ. @GiJ..aI(!!j fljromurfs;@!jw ~$~8; flirTriiIJ~iJlUJ iJ8'rTVil'/'Iii6l6iv(£i @6I)8;&iJUJji jiI,iWw <F(!P~rTUJ /j1lJ8;a;ffiJa;iJIfl,iWw uffil@j Q8>!Ti;WL QUrT(!f)~ @uULSj-UUL..L fli(!!j jiffiJ8;fliW (!P jb)15J ~ W L_f fbiUJ'iiMGll rTu5I(!!j ~~'iiM .

~ $ ~8; flirT61J ~ jil6lJ j) )!JW/Wffi611 rT fliffi tr 14 W fB)!Jw ;D)!JGll ti

a;6YrrTlLfw, iJ,f1irtmw!4WriifJ"611!T$ffirTILjW (]jIirtmwUJ;D)!J611rt$ffirTILjW

@(!!j$~ UriiIJ iJurt ~IT8'lUJ6V @)~~Oovu GUrTcrrTLLffijil6lJ.

mrrr-r LDIDWWrT$iJIflW, iJUrTG88'lw, UrTfj;irflUJrTrTa;rorf)w UJG_ffJ58'rT jila;rTcrjimflj IOTfijlrT8;@jW GUrTITrTLL~fBSu (!p@8;a; FF~UL LSj-®iB~ (]UrT jilj)lJw (!Pf!561)rTrorf) 6lJrT8;a;~iJlw jIiriilJlDW$@!j8;@jW UrrLLrTc;;yf) eutr 8;flijij)m- jIiriilJ66r a;(58;@jW @mL(]UJlLjwffi uma; mwmUJu UiTrT 8;S;ji ~Gll;DI!@rT s;m. 8< fIj;l5fiiVWrTW <F(!J~rTUJff <F 8; jiI UJ rr fli ji Q jb.rr 1fi61J rT 6TT r'r8i W Q <F 1lJ6lJ L_frfl611Q jbm- )!J s;(I!j ~ /};J8;@j ~611rTa;m @L_ffilQS;rT~8;S; w!J)Jji~rTrTS;6Yr. UJjbG@(iIj U8;flijifiiiv

.,-rji~ms;UJ ~;DI61feF 8<LrT -o£)6Yr8;

fli<>GI~~ffiJ; lOT~jljm8>UJ ~wLJ LD61JrT

QfJir5& ;tJW)!J~!2~

1895w ~m@ ~a;(ifl)L WrT_ffJw 51.£ GfljjilUJw!J)J L5JG!T G1Lrf)8i OiTrfiIGs;6lJ6iv 61J6~MLW LDrTjIis;rflSu S;rT6lJWrT!@rT. (1883 W dH,~LSj-6V wm)!J~jb) ~611(!!jmLUJ ,f1i~TUrT S;rTrT6lJ LDrTrTa,8<8;@j ~~~fljLJLSj- /fjrTfli.fla; I!L61JQs;rfiI@jW /fjrill'iiM S;rTriilJu UrTLLmiyf/ GllrT8;s;ffijilw jljOov§?JJD;l5flj ~§it5!TrT8>61fw ~8'rT!@a;6ljw t5'81ffiriiJ GilIlJ611rT .,-rffiJQs;riv6iv ~@JrrrT. a;rrrTliiV wlTrra;6ID8'lLfw OIQ!T GlL ... AJ8; IOTffiJQa;6Vm<FILjW @1jiI ~Jl)J(]8'rTj)ffi/ mGllffif!5 a;rrliiVj)fijI G6/@iBffi/ ~6iJiil1!(I!j jIi~Uita;@!jw jbUJffi/ GllrTJj)m@J @(l!jGlJ@8>(!!jw QUrT f!jJfilJrT'ii6f @61JL8'lUJji.f!jJ8>@j ~rTuu6Mifljiffi/8> Qa;mii1WL'iiMrT. dH,s;G611, UrTLL_rT61FI @JrT8>a;~fijI;iJ«!!j L5JQcrQLrf)8i IOTrlilQa;6V6iv dH,;D;DI1lJ wiJWImllJU L_frf/;l5.f!jJ Qa;rTm6Yr G611m~Qwm-@Giv flj;D a;rT61J~jllLl~ QfljrTySi6l)rT6YrrT @UJ8;a;~jlw 6llriifTrT#&'!~Su WrTrT8;?!W (] LJrT jb&r1Lj W U mFllLfw GlJ&iJ8;«!!jW (1jJ8; &iJ ILl j) ffi/6lJ j)m f!5 ~ Q jbliilf!6lJ rr 8> ~;DI$.f!jJ Q8>frmW (]6lJIiiffl~w. Qfljrry51GlJITc;;yf) GlJrT 8>8>(!pw ~jbmiJ8>ITrf/8;6IDa;a;@W @wm)!JUJu GUIT®WIT jbrr!T ~!iiI5lUJuLJ (yJm)!J ~66)®;l5g)1 <>GI&rr;l5f!5 ~@JfilIlJWrr6M @J'&rriJ6lJ riiniN.Jl)IW, /j~jbL Q U rr@riifTlTf!5lT!T ~!iiI5l wULJ (!P rrn )!JU{ LD cY' f!5 su ITW/ ~.f!jJ611 eu tr 8ia;(yJ L iJ8'rTj.f!jJ fIj@)rT8;$ cY'LSj-UJrTfIj @Jma;u5/G1iiV urrLLrrliilf! @JrT8;a;j,m; I!LIiifflLrT 8;&iJ. ~jb&r ~ffiJa;mw~ffi/ ~6MifI fillTL...(j)J&iJw)!J<il

lOT w!J)J W (!P ~ W (yJ jbriilJrr s; .,-r~ j;.f!jJ8> 8> rr LLSj-IlJ611 ti a;rifr WrT rT 8;@; 6TffiJQ8>6V6iv @@611@(]w. @..NJl)J LDmif!5 ®riiIJ~6IDfIj §'@8;& Gllm_ffJ~.f!jJ 6ll(!!Jw $mw$w/ro6i®j.f!jJ ~mflj 66i~GG!8;8> 6ll6VGlJ8 ~ffiJa;mw~ffi/8; QflirT6W~ ~~jiI!T~@ ;tJ;D@jW UrTLL_rT;' 6lJrT8;8>~jilW GlJrT8;8>U iJUIT!TrTLLGW fljGWIT iLUJrTjjb fRjjb&N UOIDLffif!5 _ffJmiJljUrT8>rofr r;nrourfiw fDiuQriiIJ~mr uS/8>a; (yJUJ;Dr;n8>W

84

85

c'Mi1JJ@{ a;rrmrGurTI-r u6IJrr @C0;li~rrrra;w; ~<DIJITa;m1riu 8"l6U1 GLD~jlja;WanL; f9Gil1w 8'c!::pjljrrUJ ~'iJ5)LDULJ C!]J!iWJ;n ~{tlUJrru LD~~:fPJ_ IOT~ ~ ~LfilUJrrwrT a;@!!j8i(!!jw ~Liil Q8' ~/b~L @Jrr~a;I!iJa;~a;@j~ LJrflUJ ~<DIJUU~ ~!J)Jt!j{fGin GriilJ&u, ~~~8- Q8'UJ~<i8lLLrr6U 0/;iJ@j @W,Qj LD~~6IJ&;)iv .ffJ!mLDfii!iWJUJl1.Jw Q~rr~@Jrrw fJjriu@Jrr6b~riilJl1.Jt..b {tl!J)J@{riilJ~ 8r6lJUW rorGin!J)J .ffJ!riilJrr

8iViTT ror~~~rr a;w. GUrrfTrrLLuSiiv6lJrrLDG6lJ G8'rrGl'f'iii15J8'W

Gill (I!j W et Gin !J)J ~riilJ rT 8iW a;w6lf a;1iiiM Lrr ti a; w . a;!iWJ LiilUJ tr a;

~!J)J. .ffJ!$ffi8; a;rrliilJj,'iJ5) ffi5 C88'rT;jJjlj ~!Jja;LDrr a; rorivliilJrr

G8'.rrGl'f'~rdvCE}a;@!!jw, Qurr~riilJrra;:JJ Q,QjrrySl6lJrrm1 @JrT8ia;ffifiiw f9~Urra;@!!jLD. urrLLrrm1 @J,rT8;a;w f}l(l!j (?Jjl6l.JllJ-U4t£ yom H~!J)J. a;C!!J~wrr: @UJ~€!,[Jffi Gffirr!f!iii15J~ @JWrTcF8"l8i@j 6J;Du @!Jjffiu .LJ<iOJT~Lf) @lWrrf9~ Qa;rrIiiiMGL Gurr@Jmjlj ~@JrTa;fiir ujlu:~W a;~'iilll,si;fbrrrTa;fiir. ~a;G@J, @UJ0jl[J/b Qfbrr!f!iii15Jw @JWr:8'fil!iWJUJCLjLD urrLLrrriiYf} @lrrli,a;j,fiiw <DIJWrT ,*filiiW)UJCLjUJ roru

U~fb .ffi(£i/bf!P rftfDl_j,§JriilJtJjJ, "@l[J6lJrrjJ;r5Iw 8'1i,e;[J j,iiW)ffi" lOTuul1l-ffi ,Qj@jlj§J (tl!J)Jfb§J@J~ IOTwujlGrotlC8UJ ~@JrTe;W ~6lJrflw a;Gllwc!::pW Q8'WfD§J' urrLLITm1 GllrT8;a;ffijlfiiifr @lWrT#F;iiW)UJU

ujJ;Diu Qurr~~rr~ &6IJ6£JUJ UUJUjl8i@!J8;@j ~ViTTrrGll,Qj;D@jU

u fij!6IJ,T a; ustttr 8iaTLD 6TffilQe;ivaTw UrrLLrTio(f) GllrT 1i,a;ti;jlGin

@mu;E!Lrrfb @lwrTMi'lu5!wwGffi fbr5Ja;fiir ,!Jj WO!8;iiW)a;a;w&1!r '*

~jljlLfUJ cm6l.Jj,fbrrrTa;fiir. UrrL...Lrrm1a;rDrfIw riTroffl~8;'iJ5)e; lOT; @lViTT6lfIi,Qa;@JGill ViTT6lf ~ jla; uut iii fDG fbrr, ~GiJ6l.J!ill Glf Ii,a;GiJ6l.J rDtT6lf LJ(JL' fila;[J usr W @JrT8;e;W rorW,ill @liiW)a;uJ)(J6IJ ~<DIJ ti a;rDrfIw @Jiii15JiiW)L

~W.a;LDrr@jW, . ~GiJ6l.Jm6lfIi,a;IiiiJ@lW6lf G8'rrGl'f'iii15J8'W Q!Jj(l!jrliI(!!j6lJ~ 8',T,Qjfi)UJWrr(!!jLD. Qjljrr!f!liilJrrrDrfl 6l.JrTli,a;ti;/f)/8i@j LDmT8;aTW 6TrliI Gl~GiJaTW ~;iJ;DiUJ u6O[f)mUJu u;iJ;Di f}l® 8"lrotl Q8'rr ;Da;rDrfI(]6IJ UiW_GllC!!Jwrr!J)J Gl8'rr6iJiii15JruL..6lJrrw: QfbrrySl6lJrrWi @JrT8;a;w fbw ew fb ft!rrGw ~;Di;li/f)/ Qa;rr w@!Jwrrf!)J • fbw &rrru u jJ;r5IUJ {fL~rr6lf. Qa;rrViTT@!!jLDrr[[)J ~'iillrTa;W Gurrfi)/b;"irrrTa;W; Gw~w, e;~6lfa;ViTT @®0;"i @L/bfi)6V ruri!J@jrrwj3iiW)fb rft&ufJjrrLIiJ-~rT

a;!ill.

~a;GGll;"irrw rorriilQa;ivfilw Qun'r"'LD' . . .

~'J Gllrr!fla;~a;l1.Jw fjlliiiJ

QGlJIT(I!j QfbrryS!liilJrrliiYf/8i@jw Q;"irf);jJfii®8ia; GGllIiiiM@t.b. ,!JjW~

ror6V6lJrr QGlJliiYf/uJ(£ia;&rrCLjt.b (JUrrIiilJG@l @mjlj# 8'ri!Jfilma;uS/w

c]fJjrr8;a;c!::pW ®oq,UJj, Qffirr!f!liilJrrViTTrTa;6ffI~LGUJ GlJrr8;a; iI...~rr iiW)GlJ ffi jJ)/Tmr(El<ouG ,QjUJrr@JW. ~fb~6v fbrrGin rilcF8'ri!Jfil'iJ5)8;uSiriv

86

fJjGil1w a;rrliiVu UfTL...Lrr6rfl @lrT8;a;:JJ$J6i5r LDa;:JJfbrrw rilC!!J ~8'fT~ a;6rfliu fJl(!!J'iill[JrriilUJ O/Q[JQLrflBi 6TffilQa;Milw 'iillfT{j;l8; raID 8; raID UJ CLj t.b u G'5ZIfJm UJ l1.f W ,!Jjrr UJ 8"l:JJ $I rA j, f!jJ 8; 8;fT LL CB'iillIiiiM(£iw.

rorriilQa;6\.J6iv O/[J~UJ (YlIiJ-UJfT8"lriv mfTw ustt a;fTGiffl:JJraID fb5

c]8'rT,rj}fb UfTrTQww rorw;n =,fiiv 1820w ~rd1JJl1I-6v t.5J;n,rj} ,Qjrrrr . ~GlJC!!JmLUJ fba;uu~rT rgprT ~&ucF Q8'rr ,rj};"i8;8;fTfTrT . il...UJ,rTrEJ&uu uwliiYf/u51iv fbLDtJjJ a;WoBiraIDUJ c!::pLq-8;a;rrwGIiiV @j@t.bu &&umLDa;6ff)w Ji'rTUU,rj}fbW a;rr[JGffl'wfT8i 183 8ro'v rorr5JQ8irai.Jrdv UlGl[Jw.mliu fJl® <DIJrr jlifb8i (tl&uUJj,fijl6\.J @wrrrdv,Qjrr@Jrr8i# G<'FrT ,rj}fbrrrT. eurt ffijlia; rufilJa;fTfTr5Ja;w ruri!J@jrrw-~/[JfilUJiv e;~ raID UJ U Uu516VfilJ ffil'iilllrill !J)J et ffilQa;iviiW) 8' ti; jli@ j, tJjJ6liLruriv &v . lL UJ rT &&uu ufiirrorf)u5)iv @®.mjli e;rrliiVtbfijlrJ6lJGUJ UJrJfbcFcmwa;rrfTj, m jli I1.J W ~ [J 8' rr r5J.g; ~ fiji a; rrrfi a;rorf)w jli tt rillG jlifTGin ;r5I j, jli...i j,m jli I1.J W 6Tr5JQ8i6tJGtu Q@l,!!)l8;a;6lJrr~rT. ;"ij,:f!jlwerrwu uu51jJ8"l -m<DIJm[J GW$1w c!::pWWJ8;@J8; Qe;rrliiiM(])i Q8'rill jDf!jJ. ~W,Qj8; a;rrCiiIJ jj;fijliv Q~rTLDW fbj,f!jJ611(~!yrrw:JJWiv Q_w.g;<i6l6i5r Gurrfb&r ~W8;8;t.b filJfilj,fb:f!jl. miilQa;ivw Q%YDa;&tJu t.51WU;iJ,rDJcF Q8'W@rT. t.5J[J~UJ .ffJ![J!iJrill a8'<DIJa;j}fijliv GlUrTiii15Jrill uiva;&u8;a;/pe;j3fijliv c]uITrr!iJrflIllITrr a; @(I!j,dijli Q;MJa;iv UJG fb58'rr fijls;rrlT j5fb~WfTW

t.5J[J~UJ ~IT'iJ5)<'F ,[ljLut.5JGiY QLD908"l8; Gl.g;rr~LrrLlJ- 6jljffijli

c]urrW$1w Q;MJa;615l6i5r aU[J~~ LJITL..~a;ITwrrw~, LDGid)jli

-m,rDJ<tMIrill wtJjJt.b LD'iillljlj lLrArnwa;w w~w Q%JfDs;iv fJjwOJ8;m8i Gls;rr."mLq-(I!)0;"ifTrT. lLCiilJa;W @cmLUJ(0'fb LDrT [[)Jfb$18;@jW euettti g !iJ8;@jW lLLULL..~ 6TWUf!jJ Q%JfDa;GiY ;"ij,ffjJ<DIJe.rr~j}W~ .ffJ!lJ!-uurnLUJrfW ~iJGlfraIDlTlUrr@jw . {i),dijliu QUrTo;6irill jlij5~ @JefT'iillluSlw ilLrT 8i6rflCJIiilJ, ,!JjLULJ &&umw'iJ5)lll 6J;D8i w[[)Jj} jli6jljrT.g;w @(I!j$jlirrrT8;ffi. fJjLULJ &&u~wmUJ IOTfijlrTj)/f)/U (]urrITfTL GfilJroffl(£iw, fJjLuOJiii15J(l!j0fb .ffJ!rJjfij:mUJCLjt.b c]LDGCiilJfTr5J filuSl (I!).m jli fij raID wmUJ l1.f W 6T fijl tt j) ffjJ u Gu tt IT tt L GlOlJroffl@W lOT rill u~w C!::PlJ!-<tMIw,rDJ rfiIT0~[JwrriJ filJrDtTrT!iitJjJ Q8'6U<DIJGljliWfD cmew j, f!jJ1iilJ 8i ffi ffjJ Bi~ t.b QUiT ffjJ <DIJ tr W <tMI fijlu5)c]1iilJ G6jlj ti Q a; IT liiiM@ffi m §J rorw fD a;C!!Jj}m jli Q~8i<i6lw c]W;iJ&,rDJUJ fJjWO/8;raIDa;I1.JW G %JfD8i<i6lrill jJj jj; ffjJ@Jr§rr~ j} fijlw GLD;iJan ,rDJUJ ~lJ!-UUiiW)L ~ 1iJ6lj rnITILfW {i)4&'LrT8i<itf)W W~ffijlarotl lL®<DIJ rt s, # Q8'liJjliW. rorivliilJ fTG w @J61TrTcF8"lCLj[[)J8ilW;nw lOT rill@iv , ~6lJ rffJ [[)J 6jljW r5J.g;ffi wm ;n ffitJjJ .ffJ!raID@Ju51(1!j0ffi @Lj,fij:GiJ (]Gll [[)J rEJ [[)JGlJ Wr5J a;"rr cmm LD filw;nw rorw@iv, t.51fT~UJ LDrillW<Wf)~ UJajli#<'Frr fijla;rrITGLDrr,

87

(I!j~UJ tJ]rrrT wGirrGJ151"~em UJC3,ffJei~rr ift8irrfJGwrr, uS/8iU Qu(!'Jw urrGirrmw'JUJrrfJ rr IJ.j61Hirr6lJ ti 8iOm- ei 8rfJ~!.if.- ..!}f ;DuQ5rr jJuwrrGJ151"

~(!'J 8'!.[!)JUrTwrorow8; a;,_LL/iJ,ffJrTrT Q~W6lJrT 8i6rrrr6lJa .§jIT, W8;

a;riff)GirrLiJfIjI (!jJ.§jrov,T6rf1 6I.JlTa;8iW ~ift8;8iW 6lJfiiuua.§jIT <OJGirr

til r;r ~.§j{T uxt 8i 0!.if.-8;8i a6lJ~ (EiW? Q filllJa; .gwmL UJ .§j jiJf!j!6lJ(5rr GJ151" W ~wLDrr<i6)em 6lJ stt IT .# 8'!mUJu U;iJ p]J , 8i(!lj /iJ f!j!8;8i6rf/W euetrtr ~ fiFJii'JJUJU U,dJp]JU aufiJ,dJ.[!)J. fiI~,ffJ/iJ ,ffJjf!j!6lJ(5rrww ~~ibI(I:P~ru.1HT~ rl'_®lIJrrmibl· ~Girrwrr<i6)em 6lJ ett IT 5 mu5l66/(!Ijj)fIjI ..!}ffljl @UJ;D 'D008iu51w 6lJ(,j(frT,#FlmUJIJ.jw, wGdlffiWlGirr 6lJ(,j(fIT.#fiFJroroUJU_Jw, w~,ffJ,

5(yJffirrUJ ~j!J6lJ8irDYflw 6lJSJTIT.#fiJroroUJIJ.jw ..!}ffJ)jwrrVMf]jJ,ffJfJjJ.

usn IT 8; ar W 6T I!iJQa;6i;ar W 6lJ ett IT .# fi'lu5I em til fJ ;B.§j {T uxresr fiI UJ 8; a;u

aurr 8;@ u;D p]JUJ Q ,@D8i6"6JGirr 8i (!Ij j roro ffi WL@W <OJ ;D.[!)J8;

c;)) 8i rrrom(Ei » (yJ6~diJ ~ ffi13aJ uU!.if.- ..!}f6IDW;B,ffj 8i(!'J ffi f!j! (yJ.§j Gv6lJ rr jb8;

8i (!'J /iJ 'DOO ffi til v rr a;rfI ffi f!j! fjif!j!8;&;J 6l1! L.. L!TfT 8i"," . 'ill rr ~ W 9Lrom GIDW8i&rr ~vmu $f!j! , @UJ,dJm8iu51em eueatr .# fiJroroUJ 6516rr 8;@6lJ§jJ WGJ151"j)j;lroirr 'ill'irrrtei8'!UJ6i;uv 6TroW!f)!W, ~jb;iJ@ wrr(f!la; LlJ6QTj) 6ID/lju u;D,D5IUJ 6l1!(,j(f8;a;(JW riJUJ;DGIDaiuSJ66/(!'Jj)fIjI/ljrrw, u®uQUrT(!'J 1iirf}66/®j)fIjI,ffJrTroW QUj!JUUL a6lJ6WCJj)W 6TW.[!)JW ~6lJrT8i6Tr a;~Lrrrt8i6fr. .. Qfili!Ja;&vIl-fliJ, Q,@Da;&vu L5iwu;D.[!)Jw w;Dj!J6lJrt

8i&rU_Jw aurrrovoiv6Vrrwriv, WiTrT8;8iW 6TlliiQ8ioiv8rw Qurr(!lj6fr

(!JJ/hriv6lJrr ifta;","· 9LrDlJa;jiii'JJffil4w w~ /h@6V ji6IDffiU_Jw ~6lJrt 8i6IT

Qurr(l1j","(yJjlj6v6lJrr ffi Jff!&vu.Si66/(I1j$/!jJ UrTrT.§jf!j! @UJ;DGIDa;u.Siem Jff!8i1fl5fij)8i~a.Qa;@rovrrw ~!.if.-uUGIDLUJrr8iU Qurr(!'J(,j(frTUJjba. 8irrl)" ,;;mrE.J8i"," 6TUULg.. .,f!)/GIDW$f!j!6Tr(,j(fWa6lJrr, .,f!)/a,{5GurToiv wWJjlj.# 5(!jJjljrrUJjJfiJroW 'ill'irriTiHFll4w QUrT(I1j(,j(frrUJ,ffJ 6lJGID8iUUL..L 9L;D U jJ $: 5 8'8;$1 a;6rf/em euett ti .#fiFJu.Si~6v GlJGID {T UJ .[!)J8;8i uu(ijifii j!JfIjI 6TroW.[!)J ..!}fp]J$f!j! Qa;rr~LG>J[rT. w~f)jljffi ajb6ID6lJ8i&r Jff!GIDj!J6lJ Q ~ useu ,{5 ;D@rflUJ Q urr (I1j L...8i&r ~;iJ u jJ fiJ Q ~ tll'ill fjX]6V w~ ,ffJrT a;"," u[JrcWufJwrr8i 6J ffiu(ijij3j;1a. Qa;rrw@5w 9Lj!J6lJ8iffl 9LffiujJj;I.#

8' 8;f;5ia;liirf}em filJ6rrrT.# fij)6IDUJu Qurr!f)! jfii1(!'J8;&;JGirr fDGJ151" . 8'(!JJ.§jrr UJ

6lJrrlfldil<iiU 6T6v6Vrrj3 (]ffiiT ffij!JiliJa;~a.@w, wWljlj ~6lJrovrr$J

a;@!ja;@w, a;®ffifljl8;a;~8;@w, 8'LLriila;@!j8;@W 9LrflUJ 6"5i6rr8;a;W

@ ~ ffi ~ j!J6lJ a;Iiirf}G<iV .§j rrem Q urr f;5i ffi fii1(!'J8:.fil j!J f!j! . 9L;DU ffi &M 8'8; @ a;G>Jf)roW 6lJ6rrIT .#fi'lUJrrGJ151" fiji ffi~.#Q8'iT ffif;5iGirr ~lSf..uu6IDLu5I@ ~GIDwj)jlj 8'(!jJjljrrUJ ~fD6lJ8i&ru UGIDL8:.&i/fDf!j!· ~@IiiJ, 9L,0u ffi f;5i ei 8' 8:. fijla;lDIfJw ~ jb 6lJ etr IT #fiJ Q U(!!) uu.ur rill!Om W UJ rr W6lJ tr a;G>Jf)rill G5rrffim,ffJu u;D!ji§JJ ~;buG8'rrffiuwrrG>J[ 8'!.[!)Jurrw GIDwGUJrrrfILw ~liiOOffi4 GCTrT/iJf!j!8; @68iffiffi 1iiOO'ill8;&iJ)DGID,§> [!Jrrw @<iiU.!!)I a;rrfd'5diJG(l!Jw. [!JSJ1rill 8irTrovffifijlru 8'(yJ,§>ITUJ ~GIDwuLJ (yJ6ID/fJ8;@ ~Lif.-UU6IDLUJrr8i ~W6rr GCTrrjif!j! 6TWU6ID,§> ~§JJ ~!:f5!.§;fii /fJ $1 ; GCT rr~6"6J6Yv(Ei8i <;iT jbriiJa;@58;G8iW.[!)J 6lJ@ffif!j!8; G8irr6WL ~ ffi @rovL..fiFJruffi6IDffi G[!Jrr li;fii ~f!j!6lJ w ffirT~a;eF G8'@6V (yJUJ;Dfil8:.fil/fJ§JJ. (J5rr6l1'6"6J6Yv(E18iW Q5tllUJ G6lJffir!.if.-u5l®U uGiffi'iivrovrrw - 5(yJ,ffJrrUJeF CT8:.f;5ia;Wi6i; 6T fJjJ [!JG3rill 5(yJ,§>iTUJjifiJ6v jljrrw Sllfil8:.@W rfi&vu51rill a;rr{T=WiT8i, !l5iT6"i1'6"6J5 ffiGID,§> !!jlii'5JL (yJGID/fJ8;@8:. Ga;iT~(E1Sll®'illjl'iiv ~1i;a;G1JJ,!D G8iiTrd~rLq..(I1j8;fiilGirr fDf!j! iitTWUGIDjb ..!}f;§l$f!j! Gia;rT~(Ei ~j)jljeF CT8;fijl8;@ ~jbW [!JSlJW 8iOOU UjJ;DIUJ ZL~rTm6lJI4W, ..!}fjbW 61J{TSlJiT;D.[!)J SllIPUUL...L a;LmWmUJU u;bpSlUJ .'lLfim"ITGID6lJILfW ll§tIL._(E16lJGjbUJrr@w. @j)jlj# 58:.fijlffirrw UrrL...LiTfi1fl iillrT8;8iW. ~6ID,ffJ rilriilfilSlJrr~fiJliiiJ, UlrflL...!.if.-~ @UJj)jI{T/iJ Gffirr!:f5!.f,!21$@$ (]8i$fijlvwrru5!®;B,ffJ wrrr3 Qa:6WLrflliiiJ, 6TffilGa;riv<>iu ~,a51ru6l)rr@rT. Wrrr8Qa:61vLiflliiJ ~6lJrT 1842w ~~lJf-'iiv @L9-GUJ,rDI. ,§>W!fJJ ,§>8iUUl@rT uriil@ffirr{T fJrra;ei (J~rtIB$I(!'J$ffi 6lJrtjijlia; ;fJ&uUJffifiJoiv (]6lJ00vu5!'iiv ~wrt~ ffirrrt. ~riiJ!la; arwwrr ~iJ/16lJSlJa;ffifiJoiv iitTriiJGia;riu61v 9LL...a;rrrT.ffif!j! .mlLdilriv&v. Gffirr!:f5!VilJrr'irrrTa;W ..!}fmL.ffi!fJJ fiiLjDjlj ~Urr<FWiTrill (]<Frfla;IFffI'iiv ar;b;D! ~&IBforrrT. ~iillrTa;fi1flw 6lJjJ)JmW6IDUJl4w f!j!wUf!j!UJ[JrfiIa;&rrlLfw a;6Wa;-.Lrra;8; 8itOWLrrrT. ~~'iiv .arUJwrra;8:. a;tOWLp]J6lJ!l.§jIT(iji ~6lJrt rf/Girr.[!)JfiiiilLSJ5JIiiiJ&. t51rflLlJf-6q1 Gforr!:f5! 6I)rrsm 6lJrt8;a;jJfijlW Jff!&mw UjJ;§I <OJ jJGa;(.-~rGfilJ Q,;vG>Jf)

UJrTfilu51®lBfo diI~UJriila;&rrGru'iiv6l)rrw ~GlJrT ulJf-jJjbrrrT; 1iiOOa;8:.@

~a;UUL.._L ~fiJa;rrl]" !d.rT6lJWrrrill 6Triv6l)rr ~6lJ=riila;&rILfLD

.,f!)/6lJrT ai6lJGJ151"Wrr 8iU urf)fj'~ji!fJJUUl4-dJj!jiTrT. IiIUULq..U uut ti Ii>

ffi [151 ~ jIi 6lJ jJ;§IW , UlJf- ffi ffi;§l /!J jbSll ;b;DI~ uSlJ@a; 6"5i&r jD fotfjl jliiTW

1 845 t.b ~tOWlJf-'iiv G6lJG>Jf)UJrrGJ151" @rWlli\lrTj)®ru G'1~;r!P1li\lrTIml

0lJ tli-.lL~§"1m ~~g)1£ 6TroW,!D jffi'iiv ~®w. @ri.lil~rrj)®olJ

G'1~rry51li\lrr~ OlJrr6ixl;~§"1ffi ~~limr: 6TWWW j§fT6"6Jrill d!jj,fiJ

rflrurT iitToU jlJ (!jJGID/fJu5I'iiv orriilQ8iW6W ~;§IUJ (yJ8:.fiilruwiTrill

U~I06JUJu u,0;D! 'VffiQa;GJ151"!l6lJ @;D!UUlL..(£iffl(JSJTrrw. 6TrfiIGa;6v

o /fjr5J8iIf'!foO'L..Jl.J ~~"'I ruorrrf;iitfjJ ofiIrf151J~L..QJ.@(k! wa;$/fjfToor Qmrf~ j!)ff,~lf?fTm:_8;{@Ja,® ~Q.'liDIJ;JW8i@) - Ib·Tr5Ja.61r uSJa;6lfw a;LwuL1J;-@Ul..JfJj,'Ta; LD~'Ta;lfiw. fiTW8i5V8i1.L ~l1I-8ia;~ @)~Lf[5!L@6irorr.mr .• ·Q3.?'cTWW lbff,tfjJ'ilJl@pmw .6lJ.TllJlitJ ofiI{OOfTm OIJ!pUI..JC'_L CBifT~"'W C8j!jfTW;DKJlUuSI@';'8ifTt!iJ" O1W riiI@lrf O1I!il;;/lJ;itJ.m.

88

89

ar8;(f!j (yJ~(]U uSl80U u~rt UfT LLrrGYfi 6lJrT 8;80 ;iJfijl~ §jJ~U §jJUJ[TrfiJ8O&r 6lJrT~d;§j/, ~!fj;D(f!j :!L!fj66/ LflfiUJ (]611rii~rul_UJfijl~ ~'4lJ9'1UJ;iJ~!fj (if(j)Jd;§jJ1i GilacfTGiJ6l5IlLfroTrliiffriirfTrT. UrrLLfTGYfi 6lJrT8;8OW §jJ~u§jJUJ!lcila;&r ~W1U66/8;@W 6lJrT8;a;W WL~lDriJri\l. :!L!iiW~w u5)G~ UfTLLfTGYfi 6lJrT 8;8Od;fijl~ Gil6lJLa;8; (]8OLfTriirfT QUfT(!Ij ett tt jlifT [T r§I&;~w !fj(j)J8;a; (!fJilJ-UJfT !fj 6lJ ma;u1Iiv ~m fb (!fJ~ jli6irGYfiIi Qac iv&il !D §jJ , jliriirfT §jJ @!f)ffijl Gii/(j)J fb &lJ8;a; tt 8i U (] UfT [T fT(j)J W UIlJ- r§lrt UU /!J fijl8;&il!D §jJ riiT~ !f)f sr cilQ 8i GiJ6iv jlifT <ill QPjJim(l:flifi6lJrrM Q8'fT~riirfT6lJrt. (]w~w, (]ufTiTrr(j)Jw UfTLLfTGYfi 6lJrT8;a;W jJi6S"r ~UJaUJ jJiiiM~jJi~UJrrlL'i. QlLrr6iT~tb. QfbfTyS/~fTGYf) 6lJrT8;

a;;JJ fijl<ill ~ tr fF UJiv @UJ8;a;L.b /fJr51 a;1iiff §jJ 6'6J(] WfT 8'6M W (]ac tt o;rp

6l5I8' ;iJ fiJriill WL(j)J(]LD :!L eae« §jJ et rn !f)f Q /fJ fT yS/~fT stt rT a; Glr ~ jJSIlLj W {iI&u8;@j;h jlir;;B/rT 8;a; (!fJilJ-UJfT jli UIlJ- Qa;fT!iiW(j)J(]ufTliJGl1l(j)Jw. w!J)J u8;8i;iJfiJiv, Q /fJfTyS/~fT61f) ill r'fl.GIL.ffi%lffi .J).j1J9'JUJriJ (]urriTfTL L;JJ$I<ill @IOlJL9'1UJLDfTa; ..ffH,(f!jW (]UfT §jJjlifTrDM (]8'fT~iD15Iacw ~(!Ij 8'8;$1 iu tt f.f, ~@j W . @cil8iJlOlJfT)i5fijliv Q jlifT yS/'DV fTGYf) 6lJ ti 8; f.f, d; ff;!rDM {iI&u~ W u,rD jJSIUl et cilQ f.f, iv ei» gur!Dl5! ~6irrorr t..5J [T jli tr 6M f.f,® d; §jJ 8; f.f,rDfr @~iill /lirrriiilr. fF/!Jjli&rrrUJGlrGYr, GurriTfTilJ-8; Q8OrrromllJ-(!Ij8;$),fD UfTLLfTWl80rDfr GTiv(]lOlJfT(!Ijw ~$/b8; f.f,(!!)d;§jJ8;f.f,Om ~UGUfT§jJ ~;D!f)f8; Q8irr!iiWIlJ-®8;8iJ@rTf.f,roTr. ~@)iv ~$jli8; <EfTriitJ;iJfijlriill ~6O)@j (yJ(}J!8;f.f, (!fJ(}J!8;8iU y$lUl6MiillfTu5)(!!))i5/briirfT. 8'I!i>jli&rrrmUJ8; f.f,@j®W [hmLu5)iv GT@!fjUULL ~!i>~iii£liv @Jbjli8> 8i®;iJ§jJ8; <EGlr Q,;vGYf}u5)LuuLu,rrr . t..5Jrf)L_llJ-~ t.ur LLfTWI @jrT8;f.f,;iJ ff;!~ §jJrDM U §jJ UJ[T J1u8i&r U U,rD jJSIUJ (!jJ,rD jJSI JJli W :!L!iiW~ WUlfT riirfT, ~ fjJ!rT lifF

U_JG"W LIT 8;f.f,;iJ jli 8; a; 8'I;iJ fjJ![T rua;6ir ri,) $gur ra£r31OlJ :ff/6O) !D $§jJGlr ww .

@$jli jJiJ7iiill (yJfb0ilJ1TWld;§j/@j ~<iiO)LDucSlrn w§jJw (yJfb'DVfTWI

611rT 8;a;d;jliiirr r1f §jJw uSl8iu UUJriiJf.f,[TLDfTriirfT (f!j,m,!D5acfTLLfT 8i

t£iwrMil UJfPJ . w8;a;GYf)~ W6M d; $Iiv ~§jJ uar WiT ;iJ fbfT ~ (]u fTiL uff)/IJjIJ§j/. riiTrliJQ8iiv9'1~ gurriill [hG"!1riirfT a;fT~u UfTLLfT6"lf 6lJrT8;a;j5fijliiirr {iI&urwlW<iiO)UJU u;D;DIUJ uSla;<'F 8'I,fD/IJ/fJ fF;iJ$Jr;rffi~ft. 611/fJ1i.J@jfiir,!DfPJ (if~!J)J @$IiD151®ffifPJ riiTcil(f!jw (]w,m(]a;fTGlr a;fTLLtf; QjlifTLcil8iJ~rTa;w . .2..6l5rrr~wuSI(]OilJ UfTrT d;fbfTGiJ, 1845 ~!iiW(j)J8;@; (!jJiiirrriirfT(!!)W CFIfi, cSlW6M(!IjW 8'1fi, QfbfTyS/~fTlii1fi 611rT 8;a;j;$I<iill §j/~ufPJUJ[Trua;Omu u,rDjJSI @GiJ6lJw6lj 6l1IUJ8;a;ffir'li8;f.f, .2..!iiW~u UJfT6M fF;JJ$lr;rw Q,;vGYf}6lJffijlifPJ fi)6O)LUJfT §j/.

ri,)rliI1i1riitJfT $§jJ8;@j 6lJ $fb t..5J ,!D@j.1[)lTW GTJ1uQ.g;iv£iv (]acfTG!'f

6VIr5iv(j)J ~~rT. ~ffifb8; 8irrriitJ/iJff;!GiJ tSlrfJLlJf-~ Q/fJrr!JIOilJfTwr.

@UJ8;f.f,d;$Iw jli&v6lJrTf.f,@!jLW LDfT~Qac6ivLrfJiv (ifcilQa;ivliirv

QfbfTLrTLf Qf.f,fT6l5rrrLfTrT; tSlrfJLlJf-~ (]8'fTo;rpiii£lacu uffi$lrfJ~a;

f.f,WlGiJ riiT@jbd; §jJ6lJffiJfi)~rT. 1844w ~6l5rrrIlJ-GiJ, Q~rtLDGOf)8i(f!jd; fij!®wtSI '4lJ@W 6lJ!JIuSliiill, ufTrfJ6iv [hf.f,rfJiv ~6lJrT LDfTrT 8>6O)ac5 <F;Bjlj5§jJu u/fJ8iJ~rT. LDfTrt8;arLrDM q ,mQf.f,riirfT(]6lJ ~iQlJrT f.f,lJf-jliu GUfT 8;@jiilliT ~fPJ ~6lJ ;iJ§jJ8; QBifT!iiWlJf-®Jb/fJiQlJrT jbfTrDM. ufTrfJfFGiJ tSlQr;r!§ar (]acfTo;rp6l5l6iv(j)JBiriilfJ6fu". t..5JQ[J~ar iillfT/p8>rwlBiu51w Qaciv

6lJfT 8>8iJrDMg/p LDITrT .8;arw G8'fTo;rpiD15l6iv(EJ ~&'k;GILLfTrT . @cilC8Bi

~GiJ66/@ [h,mru.rTf.f,@!!jw Gacrtffi§jJ 4m1jJiffi @)~tbutb ~,ru6lJ!!)I

sUJlDrTlJiiM IilJffilLUULL ~wr'rlJiiM~j;lffi ~WrTlJ6Mtb GTw!J)J

jb&;UtSlLL ~ gur&u liT(l:fJjl~rTa;Glr. @r6Jlil6lJrrrt~,ru G1~rrWri\lrr..rtl

ru r'r1i.lL~~ffi r:51~rn w IiTw,!D gur5u QwG"rfi UJfT6lJ fb,!D (f!j f?@

6lJ@L~fPJ.8;@j (!jJwGu @§jJ QwG"rfi6lJ$jli.ffij. ri,)jbw Qu®w

U@j$l~UJ LDfTfTf.f,'iirV jbfTW riiT@jI~rT. @Jbgur<06iiv Lf[JL9'1

f.f,[JWfTliWr QUfT(!!JW(!jJ!fjiviillfT jli GacfT6l'J'iD15Iac ffiif!rDM ~'4-ULJrwlLf.f,rDfr~jliw (/Jl/hwmLDUJrrliWr 8i(!!Jffi§jJ8;8i&rr (]wG~ 6£lw8i8iJ1i Q8'fT5u <06iu5!®8>€i1C8@w - ~LffiJ@U_JrDfrliiffliWr . " Y~ jli8; @j(j)JL.bLJW " ;;rm-LJ §jJ /hffi§jJw~fT~a;rorrrrw QUW!OlJrt CF(]f.f,fT fb[JrT 8iOmtLfw, ~wrt f.f,Omu tSlm-u,rD;DJGUJfT~r;rUJw @j;DI8i@w (]8i6l5lu QUUJl)fT@jw. ror5u61JfT !OlJ6O)BiUJfTIiWr UJ jlifT tt ;iJ!fj dJfij! ;D@jW ~uurr ,rDULL , 8OL8'lBi@!j8>@jW ~[Tii!UJiJli8i@jW ~UUfT ,mULL ~@ 66/wrTCFwffimjli @ffi!fj8i BiIiWr!OlJfTm-BiW t..5J[T<'FacfTr;rW Q8'uJ/hfTrtBiW. (ifGiJ61JfTr;;B/fbLDfTliWr ~rwlL (yJ~,fD ~L<iil.IIlJ-8;mBiBiOmlLjW ~§jJ !ffi[JfTBirfiffi/hfPJ; ~wrrnW5 ®fPffi.ffijGlrrorr .2..IDVrrnBilLfW, ~jliv [hLJbfPl w@W !ffiBi/p5ii!8000U_JW u,m;DJ ~Jb!fj r;;B/WrT8'WW Q6ll!J)JaLD "6BlWrTacliWr" Bi~ QBifT6l5rrr(j)J UfTrTULJG jlifT(j)J r§lW!f)f 6'6JLL.ffij. @ffi/h8; f.f,1iWr;;lJfTGfir BiW - GiUiilTGlJrT <F(gBifT fb[Jrt f.f,W - LlfTLLrrWl WrT 8;BiW 6l1iWrT8'IiWrU UfTrtrm<iil.lUJ,m,!D

@jWU5u riiTW1f)1 @y5I6ljU(j)Jffij1~rtBiGlr. a;-d;/h ~LJffitDWfTW,

ffjffiJ@j 6l1i&rr6'6J8>Bi8; 8n.lJf-UJ @ffi/hU GUfT .8;<iiO)8i W,TrT 8;arw (ifffiJ

QBiGiJarw $6'6J(JwrrBi GT fijlrt iijbfTrT 8iw. ..ffH,~W euti 8; 8irliJasIiifffT iJliW ~r;r8'rr2liw uSljlffi§jJ !IJar8>BiUUL(j)J <iil.I®W Q.jlifTyS/~fT6YfJ (ifW,fD ~8'iv woMl!fju tSI~u5!m- <FfTrTUfTBi 6l'J6l5rrr 9'1ffijli&.r .,!9!ivIDV, GLlJWLJLL 8'(YJ/hfTUJ .,!9!rmLlJULf (yJ<iiO),fD8;BifT8iU Gurrr;rfTLLW !IJL ffi jfj G6ll!iiW(EJ W IiTW!f)f WfT rT 8; ar W et ffiJQ f.f, GiJar tb (gBifT rfi~rT <'JiGlr. @ffia;u (gUfTl)fTLLffirrna; JljLffi§jJ6llfjJ!GiJ ~$BimjD Q<'JifT!iiW (Eiww ac8;if!UJfT Bi, @Jb/hU Gurrr;rfTLLffirm jli !IJLffifPlWfb,mli§d; fijl,!Dm- QU,rD!J)JWIiirr 8'8>if!UJfT8i, UfTL...LfTrotf) iQlJrT8;8iffirmjb ~WrT

90

91

8i..rr 8i(I!;J{j)@rT8iW .iHiMUj)riv f1]Ult..fMvM. 4m~8; @j(!;wuw

Q6lJ61f/@J(l!jIiill.§ijb@ CljJwGu, uxrtr a.&W ®Ga;I1jw jDLj,fi'Ul

D.eutsch-Franzosische Jahrbucher "g·HJ!f)UJolJ QUiT®mrr~fTlJw U!!J!DIUJ 5l1lwr'rlFm~rnlJ~ !'J'~ ~ rGT<iMjIJ-:;;'.§iITLiQ{j)!T GT ffiJC:6!a;rivliiiv GilliilllJilfJuSi L_LIT ri . -!}{ a.8iL(j;!iQ{j)!T a;1JiIfJ GiJ ffi~ .#Gila= tt ffi j)ffl ~fbia.a;ffi.§ifTGiJ 'iiJ;DUL(j;!j, $(l!jW 6l1J&rIOljSiW riiTffljIJ (!::!)!ii~/Du5Jriv, jD@raT 8ifTriAJU GilUlT(l!jWfT .§ifT!T -!}{IiWILDUL{ CY"iQ{j)/OuSiw (IfJ.§iiO"MiQ{j)LD

UJrr~ GffiIT ;D/Offila& Ga=rrr;;rpro6ia: (]JDIT8;@#MuSi<ii6l(l!j/DIPJ urfH!l

<ii6I:i>jljfTrT. -!)j!TfiJUlriv QUfT(l!jffirr fofT!T Ji,iQ{j) jljU uuSiriv6IJGi,fliW!lJl

LDITrTa.!iiiv (!JJU/-1Olj Qa:uJjIj.§i;D@ -!}{!OlJrT riiT.rliJQ8iriva'LW QjljfTLrTL{ GiSimimu/-(!!j/DjIj~ fft® 8irr!T~w GTwufiiriv a=/D(]ffi8iGLDuSiriv&u.

-!}{!TfilUJGiJ GilUIT(!!JWfT ffiIT!Tw GTm- j!J ,;6i<5'5fTraT j, IPJ~j!Ju5Jriv

LDfTrT8;6W -!)ja:riv L/!TLfilIii5lUJGUJ ~ _ _liimLfTa.&il,;6)LLfTrT.

18 4 5ro6i®j]~ 1 847 6lJ~!T GTffilGila;GiJIiiiv OJIjIiiivQ..wriv&'l~w

umflfiJ~w !OlJrriP;]fofTrT. @J<5l8rrraTu uu5J;DfiJ(]UJfT@an.LG!OlJ

uljliiivGil..wiv'iiitJ, U tr rfloYv JD8i[.J ffila;lJilf}5Ww ett Gil ~rT LDm- Q ffifT!:P

6IJfTWrTSi61f/mL(]Ul jD~L(ijJ~/D jDLiillU/-a.iQ{j)8ia;IJiIfJ5WW -!}{6lJrT

Fl'@ULllJ-(l!j;]jljfTrf. @ffiJaSi @!T a;8'JUlLDrruSi®;].§i Q~rTLDm- "a;wMj, ~ oYv(j;!8i61f/w ~ a. " riiTiO"M j!J rffi !J)J6IJGM" :i>~ LW LD tr rT 8;& W et nilQ 8i GiJ ar W Gl ffi tt LrTy qg- ;D U@:i>j;J8; GilSi IT eist«: raT ti . -dP/1iill ti 8iW . 6IJ 1ii5l!T UJ!lJIj,~ ..m6lJrflffi~mGrr (]a=fTGl'fIiil5JIF j,jim- -dP/U/-UU~La. GSiITL

UfTrySi&r @JGrr8;@jWUllJ- -!}{;]jIj ~8; ._g)f6lJrT8i&ru uGWIffijlj§)l.

@6lJ6IJ!:pGUJjljfTm- LOfT ri 8;arw riiTl!itQ8irivar W GT(glj;JUJ ILW~m100(jj8; 1LLH1 ~!DI8imt& rGTW j!J L{8i{)QujbjIJ 15fJGiJ 1848riv Q6lJIJilfJ6lJ/D

jIj ffJJ '. ~;] ffi'# fil [!)J is) fJ ar!T w uSia;u Gl uifl UJ fWriv Gil ffirr@j;J

a;@>8if!!jIF IFlDlDrrraT ~. -dP/ffim- iQ_~rT.#€il J!jfT Sirfl8i ~6IJ&ilGiJ

~I!itSiIii5lLOUy QU;Df1)J -dP/GWlji[rGW@ Gurr[rfTU/- <MJ®W UITL LiT'iiiFI !OlJrT8;8iW (!JJ(!:£!6lJ~folL/w OOm-~/D8;@Wan.L ~a.f!!j,;6):i>~

@1lJ8;8;),# Gila=GiJ&il!D~.

CY" ,fbm- c!p ffi 6IJ tr 8i U/!T fTW &'Iriv G .§ifT W p5J , t5iw 61>T ti LO ;D /D

GLDMUJ f1]G[rfTuOJUJ jDrr@8i@!j8;@u U!T~UJ 1848u ~6Wrr(EJU

L{fJLfiJ LOfTrT8;Iii5la=I1jW riiTrliJQ8irivlii5la=lL/w .§i1!it8i.,rr .§i,TuJjDfTL

(EJa.@ffi fii®wt5i 6lJ!T.# Gila=uJjIj~. @,rli/G8i, iQ{j)[r~~ t5i1j~

UJIT,;6)GiJ, GJSifT(]6IJITW jD8irflliil5J(!!JPJ~ Q6lJ6Yf)6lJPJffi l!!?raTjDfTUlSi:i>

ffiWIii5lLDI1jWffi Die Neue Rheinische Zeitung GTW /D u:i> jJifliQ{j)a;iQ{j)UJ ._g)f6lJ ti SiW jljffilSiG1r Gilu IT [!)J LJlSJriv iiT@j,ffJJ jJJ L i> j;Jf@rTSiG1r. ~Ij~~ U/!T~UJIT,;6)riv iiTGiJriAJfTU y!TLfiJSi!T tJSGM" jD,TUJ8i

i16lJL~SiS;61f/W OOfoUJWfT8i, ~wwfT6lJrr8i @wOil5J® jD!OWUrT Si@!JW Oil5JwniI&ilGM"rT. W8;8i61f/W, ar ffiffifijl[r ,dJj;Jm- jDriAJW 8i&ru UfT .::M8ifT:i>.::M ._g)f6lJrT SiG1r is);iJ(]UfT 8;®.# IF8;fi'Si&r8; 8i~LfiJ6lJiQ{j)!T <iT @rT ,dJ~u GUfTljfTU/-raTrT; t5i jbGUfT 8>@jff IF8>@Si6Yf)W ~Si (]LD(](iiI).rrniJ€ii)UJ~ iiTWU~ jDfTw;DJ;].§i a:riilSi@ffiITw. Die Neue

Rheinische Zeitung ffi~L. Qa:uJUJUULL§)I. J!j1T@8iL,dJ

.§iUULL s;fT6IJJi,jiriv .§i1D~ U/!T~UJa. f!!jllJ-I1jrflIii5lLD~UJ @~;]~ ruL'1-(l!j;] fo LDfTrT a.6W t5i[r~llJfT6l1Jro6i(!!J ffi~ GiI<MJ1JilfJG1lJ jb /DUUL LfT tr . ~1L/.§iffi.§i1T rfiJ&iJ1lJ Wa.SiW GT(!:£!ff€ilu5Jiv GTnilGl8irivoYv uffiJ®

Q 8irr!OW LIT ri , & ffi ffi@[r:i>§)I a.8iIT<E r:!fJ~flf)J (!jJOiirrr 8i61f/riv (]U rr rT

LjlfJ rt jIj IT rT . 8i GlJ8i 8;8ifT Ij ti SiW (] .§i IT rivru IL{;D /0 OJ /O® 8T6'I1I La: ti roulTrtffJJ riill!:P(]Ul 6IJ~'L@DJ8>® 6lJrt.::M Ga:rTrt.§ifTrT.

WIT ti 8;& W ~ ffiJ(]a;(]UJ ®lJ/-IlJiQ{j) LD,dJj!)I a. Q 8irT!OW LrT ti . iiTfliI

QSiGiJ.,rv wdrJr(EJw '5>® ®WfToYvjIJfT ~&il6l1JLLlTrT. Gl8ifT<5a:

8ifTriAJW SiyS/ Ji,f!jJ , jIJfTW 1 840 - 1 850 W ~!OW(EJa;Wlriv (]6lJ&v

UlTrT,dJ.§i -dP/G.§i LDfT<5QIF~Lft 6lJiT,dJ.§iSi &&vUJJi,@(]GlJ(]UJ uffiJ®

ffifT[r[rITSi ~~rT. 1870 6lJiQ{j)!T -!)j6lJrr LDIT<5QIFIiiivLrfJi161Ji1UJ

IDlJ fT lP;]j!)I suir , W tr rT 8;oYv 6IJ!OW LG<5fI riv eu tt IP rt§)l IDlJ rt /b IT rT .

@C0rtflJ GUfTffil5WW ~QjOil5J®6lJ®W u[r~U!TW ~_jJa:IT8iW

GlUlTriil@u -dP/;DJlOljffi GljIJlTLrTLf 6J jJu(EJ,dJfi'a. QSirrWriill~jIj ~~ ffi@8;8iru<ivM . ._g)f(] JDSi WIT Si ffilGM" ;]G jIj tt f1)J ill '5>®1Dl1 C0 a. Gl 8ifT (l!j1DlJ rT 8illJ- foffil8i6Yr (if@ffil8; Q 8ifT~ '1-®;].§irr ti a; w . @iii.§i8; 8illJ- .§iu (]UIT 8;f!!j<MJfJ,dJ~ e}jJriAJW @roiJ6l1J(19 J!j!OWurTa;@!Jw jfJffiJ8i6Yr Si®Ji, ~8;8i&rU-{W 8i!OW(EJU/IJj-UySi&rrU-{W U!T'iiitJU!TW urfiwrr;DIa. Gila;fT!OW LIT rT 8iW , rulfEiBfT61>T (]8' IT6l'/'ro6ia= :i>iQ{j) jIJ eu ® Ji, ~ a. GlSiIT(j;!UU ffiliv @&rwrtf!jJ U~ L{rfllDl1615l.§i,dJ GljIJfTLrTrtjIJrTrTSiW. 1870w ~!OWtJf-riv iiTffiJQ8iGiJ'iiitJ 6!J6WrrLWla.® riillrt~ -dP/nilGSi(]UJ ffi·iJfi1.£!L LrrrT. 8i@W lLm!:puL{ #615l /O;]f!J -!)j6lJrT a;@>~LUJ GiUfT ~6lJITGM" -dP/;DI1Olj Ji, .::M615l /D 6lJ IT 1Pa.~Si 1 8 8 3 W ~!OW@ 6lJ ~!T ffi tJf-,dJ ffij!)l . 1 883 u ~drJr'1-GiJ WlTrT 8;oYv SifT6!JWIT~rT . WfTfT a;..w unil@j8>® @rtjIJu Gl u tr ~6lJ IT G7fJ -dP/;DJ1Olj ,dJ ffjJiQ{j) ftJ @J IT 1P8>~8iu5lw U6IJW t:YJ511§m-w iiTw!D JJj!T (iii) tt ® W ; jD w.::M IF SifT U jIj,dJ fj]I(]IOV(]UJ -dP/!T €FI iueo Gil U fT ®ffi,T .§irr tr ,dJ~ ffi U U jJ;DI UJ jpfT ralJ 8iW UJ tt 6lJ ;D ;DJ.2i1 W ffi&IJ&R/Drtffi jpfTralJ @§)IjljfTw. iiTffilGil8iriv~IFU QUfT f1)Jffi.§iWL'1-riv -!)j jljW U 6!JW U 6!J Gl U rfillJ • €il ;DJ IlJ jpfTralJ a;w sr (!f) fi) IlJ ffJJ jIJrr W . (!JJjIJGlJfTGYfJ,dJf!jJ6lJU GiUIT(l!jffifT jljfTlj Ji,j;J6ir 8'Ja.a;riv #~ /DrtjIJ

G.§ifT ;iJ ftJriil8iOorru U jb;DIUJ U@uufT!TfTlll.#filu5JG6l) WIT iT 8;~ I'fo@UL

92

93

LfTlT. r.1~G1a;IiiiJ6iu <iTWlUJ f1j~L1lSJ1iiiJ <iTCl:PfijlUJ _£W1iiiJa;W!IiiiJ,

~U/-<f, a; U/- et fiJltT 6lJ IT ,!bffiJ a;&r # <F ;B fiji MilCI:P;!iJ IJ)/ $ jbIT 8; (§W _£W1iiiJ

8iW!.sv 6lJ [HjJJ IT !J)J U;fJ;J5J UJ GI UIT ® m (yJ jbriv6lJ IT ,!b<f, 8i®;!iJ CJ jb IT L

LiJ~,!biLfw WlTtT8;&'IW QUIT (lljGrT IT jbITfj iJ jb;!iJIJ)/6lJ;!iJ~jbiLfw

Q<FUJritJu(j)i,dJfj}iUJ @fySluilCJGiIJ, u5}8iU QUIT IJ)/6lJITW @!rBf§ITWU

t5!fj#&'I8rna;ool1.Jw, UGilJ6lJ~8iUULL QCfW flJa;IT6U, ffi/8iifl8iITIiiIJ

rffl8iifl#&'I8iool1.Jw @!GrT 8;@~tT . miJQ8i.sv&'lm @;B.fl)JTriv8i<>tfl1iiiJ t5!w @f®6lJW@f;iJmflJ8; @jpSJuUlrYJ6lJlTw: (jj mrii1@j8;@ W !J)JUUIT 8i et CI:P fiji UJ @flTjb6lJliJ-6lJffiJ Q8i IT cffir L .!PfJriv (riJ,ffi_£W@l1iiiJ jb,dJ IJ)/ 61/(5ITWW, Jj)UJ;iJiWl8i @!rBf§ITGMW, Cf(yJjbITUJ 6I1!c§f§lTwriu8ir;h

~€ilUJ IJ)/m,m8iw CfWU$j!jUUL_L WITGlu®w OIfj#&'I&r8iw

~fjITUJuuL_(£imGi(Tw r ; @j(ljwuw, i'JJoflllF G1IJH~!l)J, ~1J1Ji'

~~IlJ5U.rD.r6lm Gi'JJrT.rD,lDW iiTW flJ .!PfJiv (@IJ)/ (I!l"q,UJ G1wlTtJiu1lliiiJ QUlLlrT a;8iUUL....@ Q<FuSiliiM L.... L3 L__Lrj-~UtT miiiJ QQJ<>tfluSiLUUL..... LIJ)/. QLDlTifJlQUUJtTut5!w etjJW@W ufiluLJ lS95'iiv Q61/W!6lJ$

j!j~); ~Lmlli; ~o.urrllJi'rUrT~ iiTWf!J .[5fTriv (@,!bw ®6ipUJ

QWlTySlQuUJtTuy iii. t..5lGlGrT_wrTW@J @jpSJULJ8i(Ii!!JLW t/fG15T

QJIT@!'iiv lS92'iiv Q6lJW!GlJ$j!jIJ)/): (f1j~UJ ~[TtflTriil8i;!iJfijlw Q@J6Yf) f1j1TL.....(j}ia; Qa;lTmiWl8i U;iJpSJUJ fJ10j a;L__(j)i~fj (t/fG15TQJIT@!riv Q:;u<>tflIDll$jb Der Sozialdemokrat (" CffjJYJi egWf1jITUJ8iQJIT fiji") <iTW flJ ui>j)m~a;u5Iw 1, 2 riJ,!b/p8i<>tfl<iv (f1j~UJ QLDlTifJluSJ'iiv QUUJtT8;a;UuLLIJ)/); @jU/-u5I0juyu UI[T#&'I&r~UJu u;iJ;J5JUJ &'I1iiIJ

(§ r61u UI L;!iJ jb8;8i 8i L__(i)liWl (J 8iW ; 8iiWl L&'I UJ IT 8i , ®sq, ILl 1T6I1!w

GI um:!!J GrT IT :flj IT [T @JGi(T,rj- # &'I~UJu U ;iJ r6I et C!Jl :flj UU L__L riJ (Jcffir(j}i

?i,ll5lUJ, ~~GV wfiJluy t..D!@jjJjlj 8iL__(i)liJ5J[T 8im ( (II)~llJlTm5UU

uj)!Dl t51G1IJG1ufl<1 1IT~G1ihiilJr;jlJ 6TW JD ~7'iiv, ®6ipUJ QWlTySluSJGO

CJru[T1T 6I1J(§ri6l# QUUJrTffijb~, t/fror/@JIT, 1894). f:!jJ1iilJj!jw;!iJ

iWl J!ju LJ;iJ pSJUJ jljwlJ)/ @!.rfiruITW CJ@JOouiWlUJ (ljJf4.8;(§ (yJww ti

wrrrT8;sYv 8iITIiilJUJIT~tT. @C!!Jj}jljlT§QJw, f1j8i1iiiJ @;r5IuLJ8iW 1DlIU/-

6lJ ;!iJfilGiJ ,g)J1J)/ ~ ;fJQa;wCJru 6TC!JlfiJl (yJU/-8;a;UUL__U/-®j}j!j~.

J!jLDIJ)/ f1j~urj- wiWljDfBjb UI,m@j 1Y000.l!)<m;'!iglm @[TOOLIT6lJIJ)/, eLpmC!!1@J_gil Qj!jIT@jfj}i8ioo;!iJ jbUJlTrfiffit!il Q6lJliiYfJuSJ(i)lw m(JWt..D!8;8i

• [jiPI d!J(;DY!DlJJmoor (LpmjDi19ifoJ O1i®i>iP1 u518i8i, ug..L1l5l&tir $mjJJj;f,b

JWfiwr(c!!jw_ iPIfTffiirT~L...lNFLDfT8i, d!J(!Jjrm ~ m!l,J1 u(§ffiif,bfToiJr (l!jsq.1U GiwrTi:Ji'uSJiIl CilUUJcf8>01iUUL...(£<WfirTiPI ("<i6loom;or CJiCFrr<3l'/'<i6/"'i>$Irm @jfirTrTo!F~", 2lil u$luy, WWSlJrr, 1892). d!J(;j!Jju LJ(§$Iu5J<iu (]CFfT~"'i>fiJi6iJr SlJfirTrT,j81 LJ,dJ;J5!UJ fjX!!) @J1j6IJFT;D!l,J1';' 8iL...(i;:'WJ f,bfJULJL@'iii1liffgjl.

94

uriiJ@; Gl8irT~LfTrt. lD.'Trt8;ii1W a;®;!iJtfjlUUlJ/- ~;Bj[J4o <Frt6lJ(]fbCF <F rila; t.b 67 6V6l!fT jJj tr LC»U UrT LL-rTW)a;a.n- CLj W rtP~ [f)J UC»;!iJ fijiUJ ~ ; QjlJfTtJl6l!rTW.rT @1lJ8;8i.§6OIjIJ 6lJwrt ;fiJfbffiJriu ~~ ~;6I11J u~ UI!TwwrTfiWLUJfTiiY (ljJ8;filUJ;i5~6lJt.b Gl8ifT~L!!)J. 187 0-8 Ow ~GW@8isfflriu ~;Bfb4o CFriiJa;w ('_IflLUUL...L OI~~®Wa;._L UJ tr rr 8;arw 67ffiJG18iivai W ~,ifJ;D111J , fP;iJ[f)J~ UJ 'V ;iJuC»jytfj! t.b u ~ (CjJlJ!- ;Btfjl6£iL<il1J6V&v . WfT (!!f8i , Gl fb it y516l!fT 6JTrt @11J8,8i;i5ffjlw ~!J5"ill;!iJ tfjI~jD.§ jIJ&ooJrt8im 67~jD 6lJ~a;uSI(]GJIJ ~6lJrta;W)w (ljJ8;fiJllJffi~6lJW, {iJ11J8;8iW @6OILI1J(!!f~ 67(hjIJ ~6JT<Olj8>(!!j 6lJwrt(h jIJ(] jlJfT ~ %fb ~6JT6lj 8>(!!j (] UJgww (]LD _fW W euatti ;Bfb~ . ustrri 8;1iiiv

UJ~jD%J!j t.5)jD(!!j 6TriiJQa;6i>1iiiv ffi6llf)(]1lJ rffi~[f)J tE(]'JfTuOIUJ

(] CF rT~tii&6Yv @8i WJ~ ~ (]6l!fT <F 8i irtt a;6lj W j[JO;;v@1(TITa;6lJ t.b <il1Jwril

fiJ@rt. Glt!5rtUJw ~(TCFfTriiJa;;!iJjlw <f)!L8>(tJj(}jJ6OIjD @®.ffifb

GUrTjlgww (]6lJ8iUJiTa; @~LUJ(!!J!!)J C8w~(Ewgww 6lJiW6lJ~L,riJJ!j Glt!5rtWG7>r GCFfTfil?troUJliiivC»a;@ljt.b, ~C8j[J (J,UfT6V ffiw~ (ylJ!j6V f!jL 6lJ 1J!-8;6OIa;a;&rr U u;iJ ;61 ¥,ffi tfjI fA,ffi ff) ffi!!)J 67~L (Eu fTI_:_(£J jy $fJ (J,6lJ~IJ!-u5)®,ffijlJ liiivQuuJI~, ®(Jwi>ml1JfT, ®~UJfT (EUiT~jD

UI,ifJUL...L f!jfT(£la;sffI~ UI!Tfijirffifiji~Lc ~6lJ(TtfjI ~G"t)rT<F&w

a;ooCLjw (ij)liJi18irTLL&uCLjLc f!jfTliJ-~rt. 6lJUJ§j/ (ljJfijlrt,ffiJ!j 6TffiJ

Glaio.iJfRw 6lJGiTUJfT~ <f)!;§r<ilf ~~U6lJ8> 8iWr§fRllJjy~J!j ~6lJrt8i6Tr I1Triu(JGJlJfT®w LlI1JWU(£JjyfijlGMrt .

UJfTrt8>liiiv, 67rilGla;rOiJ6iv @®(ij)J®8;@jW ®.,q,UJ GlWfTySI Gl/brRCLjw; ®roYpUJ jJj!rilJa;a.n-u uLfffiffifTrta;6Tr. @®(ij)J(!!J(J,w ®~UJ liirilfil?tl1J;fiJjilrOiJ lL;iJCFfTa;iJtfj!L_ffl ~8;8i~jD a;ITLIJ!- (ij)J,riJJ!jfTrt8iW, ®roYpUJu Y!TLfi/ ri:lUJ8.a;iJ~fb ~~/bfTU;fiJ!!)JLW 8i6lJGilffitfj! 6lJ,ffif!J'Trta;w, ®~I1JU Y!T L...fi! UJfT GiT rt a;@jLW Gl j[J tr Lrt Lf Gla; fT raOOrlJ!-®.ffi fb ITrT 8irOYr • (E CF tr 611' tii&!iiYv@8iWfT 8i ~6lJ ;fj;jX.§(ylw ~fill<illl(!!J(ij)J® W ~ j!)rJWIMlJ rr_®lLilTrrIL {iJ®$ffi<DlJrr8iw. 67~(ij)J, ~!Tfi!l1Jiv Gla;fT(£lfiJJ(J,a;iTw~UJuSlIOMLS~

umr.6TlLIJ Gla;fTw@ljw tf1~f!jfTUl8i lL=rrr4ofi! ~6iJGW®6lJrf)L(ylW

u))8i6l{w U6l!WfTa; ~®.ffifb!!)J· @$f!J (E,!D!TlJ!-l1JfT~ ~fJfi!UJo.iJ

lLffMrt4o'8':l1piJ ~(T8'!Uliu Gla;fT(E1riJJC8a;'Trn~W8;@jW GlUfT(!!J6JTfT f!JiTfJ fjiJj!8;@(yl~jD8;@u5J~LGUJCLjroYr6JT Gf!J.'TLffy u,ifJ;6IUJ ~$jIJ J!jjy!!)J6lJ rTfijJllJfT~ ~pSi<ilfw, ~(]J!jiT(£l (ij)JfT!p8;~a;u5l6i> ~1~l_Jrf8irOYr

Glu;iJ ,!J5I®.ffi jlj 6lJ6JTu5) 8. 8i ~W1 Ll6lJ (}jJw (J, CF rt di!!)J WfT tr 8; rOID CF CLj W

67riJJGl8iriu ~CF CLj W ® ;DJuu fT 8i ~ iJiI UJoll 6lJ ySluSI su <f)!CF tr J!j tr fJ'iim

.JPJ6W ~=rt<ilfLW GlCFlLJriv u(E1(E6lJ tr (TfT 8;fiJ~ . <!'Jf /b@Gv/brTW , u5Ja;u U6l!W 6lJrTliJ$J!j t!5lTfflliiivL ~[TCF'Tril8iffirOIDffi 67fiJrt.§!!)J

<illI[TivG6iL(£l 6Tmrliimj)J!j8>8i fP(i!j fi/Ojj) (I!J~UlU y[TLmUJrTGiTrta;Gi~ f!jL j) fiiUl 69 tr u5) 8. 8i (]Ll tt iT m_:_Lw @fillGJ1)(!!J (}jJ fijJrt (h J!j ~W1 Llru_ W

6lJfTci.J(hjlJ LJ(TL...8'lUl!TGiTrT8i~1OM @/bI1J,§J~G@) ~WJjb'Tu. u51~~

(,if jilGliT fT ro£J~ UJ 8. fil6JT U UI UJ tfj! . W jT)J Y jD iJ jil6i> , a;fT ~r5V ;JJ tt

Gu'TlOM jD QUfT®GiTfT jlJlTiT ~@1a;._GI)ffiJa;&rr lLj)Gfbfi/ffitfj!, (IIj~Ul G<FiTGl'f!roUJliiiv(E18i~@Jr u5J8i lLumlJl-UJIT~, (ljJ8;fillLJwfT~ @GJIJ~ fR UJ UJIT fillLJ .;'PI!T fi)UJriu ai J!j;ii@iTW C8Ll tr (T tt lJI- u Gl Ll [f)J(ij)J tfj! et Wi W @.,-vLfi!UJ j)rOID jlJ8; 6018iGJ1) L...(£i GJ1)rDl) fil # Gl CFriu ~ W _au IT 8> C<? ~(ij)J rT 8iC§s,(!!jiF CF(J/Jjba;rfJJ8i&rr lL6WLfTeifilUJ~ ~Ul6l!:/b:~; .;'PItfj! CF(CjJ J!jfT UJu LJ iT Lm 6T1OM jD LDa; ffi ffirTm @GilJ Lfi!UJ ~1lP_8i@; (J, JDiT LlJ:

I1JrTa;j, tfjI(]iTrTa;w yrf/6lJffiIT@JW miiJrjT)J&'L .;'PIcruIT8i6JT a;®~.!@: 8irorr. .. LlrTL...LITrorf) 6lJrT8;8i~.§jl@Jr G6i(£ljlJ&v U'TL...LITrorf) GlJITs;a;fo

fij1@Jr u<>®AUJrT8iG6lJ @(_I98;a; G(ij)J:orn(E1w" 6TWjT)J WmT8.aTW

6TrliiGla;iuaTw ~61))LLU(!!fgu GLlITff)j,~ (ij)}$J!jrTrt8i6Tr. Gw~w

. _.n . .q;, t""\LlrTffF,=rT ,q;rTrT G6if7),q;O;;v8.c.q;u

UITLLIT~TfI 6lJITa;8iW jlJ<iifT;;;p '-01 '.Y'''' <= !-' \9'"", "'-'

Gu IT iT tt L- (E<iiIJ raOOr(E1Gl ww (!!lit! jlJ ~ eiGl8i1OM [f)J §')r5V ~ IJIrFiLJ6lJ

lLrf)~wa;a.n-u QUjD C86lJGWQ;1w. ~[J6lJw, ®<DipLUrTG6iriu iiJ ,ifJu(Jj!w ~iT'8':l1Jriu YiTLfR C8LD,ifJrj!) ~[TiTLJl5/UJ,§J QfbfTySlGilJITGiTif ~UJ8.8ij, tfjI 8;@jW J.5)!T w wmilfrrr L UJIT ~ (IjJ 8. $I UJ j)tfjlcru ~ .rOIl IT ci.J ~ /b~ 6TWLlGillJfb WrTrt8.aTW 6TffiJQ8iivarw GlffirWI(ij)JfT8i8i 8j~LITfT8iGiT.

LUGfb8cCFrTfijJ8irT(T ®~UJIT mCJ[TrTut5!UJu t5!;iilLlfTei@8;~.g;!ilu6V~W (,ifuGlUrT ~w ~ ~iT~8j @@,ffitfjl crudiffitfjl· 18 7.0ra\ f!jLjJj~ GLl IT rt2 5 Q3_?fT w.,of) 8.® W LSI iT rTW aT8;('!j u5JGillJL(J, UJ ffir,WJT L 8i'TGJIJ fo ~8;®U UliilJOT8;@J Iii) ,ifJu(E1j,~LLt')1. -mftiffiU GLlmflw<illl&rr 6lJrT a; ®'4l1JfT fP® ulJa; .;'PI@I&.IitJW!Tm <F~iillGffiCF. rffi&urOIDLU (ij)Jfil,§J:f!jI 6lJ$fbtfjl. ~fb@iv UI,ifJGUIT8;8iIT~ CF~fi! """ crurOID~ uJlriu u.JGfo8=CFrTfijJa;IT!T (lljroYpUJlTliirilw 0:P8ifilUJffi~6lJ': GUJ~~ .;'PIW8irf)Ii;a;G6lJ Q<Fci.JjlJt')1. 8i- jb,ffifhiiTWrT~ (!!J,.q,UJ~ /brTW, _aUfTro£J~

W8;8iCsmLfW, t.5)w~~ U8.8iOorrfL{W, GlmrTWfT!.~LUI~a;OOCLj~,

~rt .s Gil uur a;&rr fL{ W , UI jD fi!,a5JUJ @GM ~ fb(ij)J rt.8iOw-CLj UJ fii!a;8i

G(ij)J:ornli/-UJ GjbrOIDiilluJIriuGilJrT fb @~LUrT /bfT~, .;'PI6l!GilJ~ ~iT!TWrOID~

W Gl rtwill/GillJUJCLjw LliT@JU[TW CF:ii1iIrr~LuS1L(£l8i Q8ifT6JT

fL{ 3_? Gl . .,.,.

C5WLlli/- 67UGlUrT@t')1W j!)JT~lJ!-8; 8iIT6ffllJ!-(!!Ja;8i. V)<DlJ~IJ!-Ul

GJ!j~6lJ Wriu6\JITfo @rOi:tUl'T jlJrT@Jr, f!j@~ mC8[TITLl~IT fb~&wr (Eu IT.rT iF airOID UJ8irWI ro£J(IIj.dJ!!)J r,u1i(E1GJ1l ~ tfjI 8> Q 8i.'T 6Tr(ij)J roID fbCF CF IT fb fiJi us WfT8>@;W, SPiT'TUUfTGW_fWWGiT 6TivGilJITU LSI;iJC8LlIT8.@j -mw~~ a;&rrlLfw LlGilJ69wULJ~~~W. t13GiTrTut5!UJ,§J GlffifTy5lGilJrT~ (ij)JIT 8i

97

96

1895 @&V"-/$Iri"8>fT6lI;i,fiJiv <iT(':f/fiu Glu;D/D~

~6\J $:IJL[ij, Q/fifT®fjfl 2. U8.Bi,"<li",oTr 5 -1 4

1 .9IlJlffTrtiJlL (j;WfT - 1 905 til ~6ffiUj-0iM LJ!l L_Jil $la;iJ;,j&,)a;Wiw a; tt !l6ffi usmis miT rT .d')! r;r a' tt iiJ 8> LD 5n_LL aiOlJ fiW Uj- UJ !biT €?I UJ tSlr;r ifi$lfijl;'iJ~@),j a'rnu (1906-191 7). a'LLWW jDWiT uSJ(I!j,rii!b .d')!!la'iT®8> (5WiT GwtiJUJiT<m .d')!ifi8>iTertil 'iiT~<UlJtil ~GiJGlJiT!b!biT8>a6l1 ~(l!ji~~ 6l1,riijlj~. ~era'iTrfiJ8> (5WiT@j8; 8>IT <m a jljrT jljGiJ8>1iiir (] Pier Uj-UJ tt <m rn6l1 UJiT 8>(]iOlJ tt , a' W tb 1ffi6l1 611 tr 8; @JjrflrnwUJ~LUJ jljiT 8>a6l1IT , @JjUj-W8;8>W .d')!8illGill(l!j8;@JjWIT<m!biT 8>a6l1rT ~(l!j8;8>~GiJO,;v. !!Lrn!fJl.~uiTWi w8;a;!@j8;@Jju (l!jGi<J;UJrT 6l1Iro6!(l!jJt!b (I!j~UJr;rrivGlJiT!b 01/0 @W,di(]!brT(l!j8;«'!jW GillrT8;@Jjrflrnw QGill «'!j6l1 tt 8>8; «'!jrn jD8;a;uuLUj-(l!j,llJ jljlffi . ~ r;m;" usrr est Q;!brT fft GlJ tt at ti 8>!@jLD sEl6l18'rTuSJa;!@jLD 611 tr 8;@JjrflrnwUJ,ma@eriT8>(]@)

@®,llJ/b<mrT. - 7.

2 .. ~~" ~IJOl.IfTmrTlLm _ a;L(jjlrnr;rUJiTWrra;w, 1909til

~6ffi(£i Gill a' ,llJ;!b a;rT GlJ ,di fijlriv WiT 6iu a8>rTGI1Iriv " aiOlJ [§Yffi " ( " 'iiTriv O,;v8;8>,ma;w' , ) 'iiTWlW QUUJrflriv a;L(jjlrnr;r,di Q;!biT@jUc"03lU QiOlJWiu1lL_L 'iiTifirTuyr;rL_8'1 uS/;!biOlJiTjlj HrT~@jrT O1erifi$lfijl a;w. ®~UJ JJ1;D1<UlJm6l1la;1€!J8;(!!j JJ1rTUU~8;8>UULL8; a;L.._ (£irnr;r 8>Wiriv •• aGill %J!1SI" ~,5!ierGillrT!ii1TrT a;w (!!j~UJrTGI1IGiJ 2Jc"03lL Q U ,m JD ~(£i ffiO,;v @UJ8;a;,difijlOiM LJr;r L_8'1a;r;r - gg<m tDrT UJa;u U tt r;r wurfl UJ@8>OorrUJw 1 9 ii: !JjfT ;D(!_1J6ffi IJf- 6'ir tSI [J UGlJ LJ r;r L_&') a;r;r tJ5<mtDiTUJ8>@)iTW8>!ii1TiT€?IUJru, $1. QuliifJw6iu$1, $I. c?JI. flJur;r ro6!!!d,uGiJ, rffi. a;. Qa'rT6I5f)(]Gl'j>GiJ6iu$1, fijI,~, LJa'Qr;rGiJ ~$1(]UJiTrflm a;6ffi(]~L_LiiJ8>W, 2JL6lJUj-8;rn8>rnUJlLjtil 8>!ii1T®

a;u u(])J ffi ffi6lJ til (lJJ UJ6'ir jD<m ti ; 1 9 0 5 w ~6ffi(£iu LJ (T L_&')

@UJ8;8>,di6m ffi ~ySJ@ju(])J,diifi@rT 8>W; tJ5iTrT ~/(T 8'iT@a;w

"jlj<m §I IffiUUiT8;&M 8'6I5f)UJW8>!ii1TiT,gww ~jD8>WiT ~w" Hrf~6lJiTrn@j "w8;8>Wiw fl ,mJDffiifiro6!®,llJIffi" a; iT UUiT;iJ;D1

UJffi;iJ8iiTa; @;!b;D(!!j ffiOiM;D1 Gffirflru,Sbjlj<mrT. - 9.

99

7'

3W~Il.IW -19t.b .fPIT;D@6WUf-Gfu ~{f)J$JuJ/~t.b 20w fPJT;D

~'-9-Gfu .qt,fTwuffijJ~w GLDjX!!J 8]GfTfTuumilll@ Q6lJ® 6lJfTtiJu UfT<illIuJ/(I!j.0t!J UJ;iJGufTa;@ ~8i:£!&tJa; Si@j}j~(LjJ/h@ eutt /hib /hffit516'l1<ill1UJIiv Gurr 8;@j. .qt,siv $Irf)UJ QU!ii1T fijiSi<illlUJ riilJrr!ii1T@W /hj}jt51~llJriilJrrm@LDIT~UJ et . wrr~ ~/hffi f!jJriiIJ@JrT ~6lJIf. LDfT~UJW Q/hrr,pliilJmirrrT 6lJrT8;8iffifiji;D@j8; ®rDluurrw ~LJj}j§jJ!iW)LIlJ &J,rT~6lJrr /hj}j§jJ6lJ(§rrWU GUfT8; 8ifT Si @@.0/h§jJ; qQw61Sf)1iv @§jJ 6'l1fTrT _dj!iW) /h8iIDYfl@ Si@ffi§jJ (!JJ /h1iv6lJ tr /h ffi $I ;iJ f!!j <iT@fTfTSiU GUfT fT tt '-9- UJ §jJ , jB6l9' W ~1lJ ;D'iillSi Gfi!~!8fT W 8' tr /h&N Si®r /9 rr '-9-1lJ /!)J . Si iWlL~llJfT Si 8; a;._ p)!1lJ ~W8' W !iJ/h;D@j " <illI~(§fTW ffi " G jljfT ;iJ j!J ffiiWI /h 1lJ1DYflj}j/h/!)J. @~UJrr6'6l1iv UJ;iJGurr8;@j ~~(5JSic,yf)Iiv, 1905- 1 9 0 7 W ~~@u 4fT L€i/uJ/ffi G /hfTliv<illl8;@U u!Gfu 8'f!jJSiggWjBfTllJSi ~;DlGljtA6l1JSic,yf)iv fj)(I!j uf!!j£b)u5lwrT LDfTfilllJffijJGfu Q8'GiJ6l1fT8;fiI;D® ~LUL..LWrT; t:j)6lJrTSi6IT wrrrT8;fHUJffiiWI/h UJfT iii IlJ ffi /hfTliv "t:j)L(5J ffiJfT u46lJ /h Gfu" (]U[lH Iiv LDfT tt <i. filllJ ffi ,{bffit516lJ(§rrw ffijJw ~Uf-UU!iW)LSi&rr ffi $I(1!jffi/hffi /h&vu ULLWrT. - 12,

Q8irr~(5J G8'fT6Ypro6i8' usr ;DfDffi!iW)jlj ffiJ~fDG6lJ;DfD .(!JJUf-14 Q UJtifrr jJJ /h6'l1(1!jw /9wU!a;!iW)8i, .8n.~(Ei6lJ tr IfJ @j'-9-,UJmUJ~mu -:~~'iillUJuS/@ (II)~UJa; iilfTrrw/bfijlriiIJ @t51 rfi~uL5IIJLfjlj/!)J6lJ1l! jlw w;iJlJ)Jw U6Iffr&rnIlJ'-9-iWl~ . (!JJmf!J_uS/w ,uSI8'8'Q8'rr8' 8'UJfTriJ @®jDjlj/!)J-(]8'fT6Ypro6i8' jljfijJw ~1!iJ8iWfTUJ 8i(ll)jJUJ/!)J (]UfTGfu jD!iW)6'l1 f!jGfTrr fij18'8; 8i~G~LLffijJw (!JJ8;~UJ ~w <FrliiSi!ii1TfTf!!jW, - 15.

61905-190 7t.b ~~@SiIDYflGfu @~1lJ (!JJ/hliilJrrlDYflffi/!)J6lJ-~ jlJfTUJSiU 4fTL..~, ~mjljll1_@/ii~ /961J}LQu;DjD 1908-: 1 .9 0 9 W ~1iiffi~Si~W §jJ@Si~IlJU 4IJL€i/, 1,905-1 911 u: .~~@Sistf/~ UfTlJfJ8iU 4IJL~, ®Uf-IlJf!iWl8'U ,-!,IJSiL~U 'u(£:ffiwUJ 1911-1912w ~roMr(5Js;c,yf}m- &'m-u 4fTLfF) ~~IlJW @rlii(]Si ®rDluuLuuGJfiI~,!Dm-, - 1 7,

7 m~lIifrlLoiT - t51fT~1lJ OJ1J4a; Si6IT-:£!GVGljmLiWlWllJfT!ii1TrT Si6IT . -18.

• ~~G1<frTm1JW -" fijl(l!jut5illJm/Jlj,jlj@' , <iiTffl {f)J Qurr(I!J6IT

uGJw @~UJ.:F Q8'rr@GIiiIJ @jljtifrr f!jJGVW. 1905-07t.b

~mr(5JSilDYfliv /9L.0jlj @~UJu 4fTLfFJ GjljfTlivr;;6!l4;DjD

L51w Gurriv~8;@Sic,yf)1iv fj!(I!J ~f!)J u@ffi!uS/m-rf)(ijIJ)LGIlJ

G jljrrffi p)!1lJ 8'.0jljrTUU6lJfT jljU GUfT 8;@. rg;j,Q8'fTfiR eeutr fiji

Si6IT (]urr 17 rt LLffi fijiw 8'L..L H,rT6lJwrrw 6'l1 Uf-6lJrliiSi&rr U UUJ~u@,dJ/b (]6lJ6WLfTW IQTWf!)Jw ~lJd'fTrliiSi rJwrr Ii>TWlW 8'L..LL£W jD j,fijJro6i(l!j.0/!)J 8'!YJSi - ggw 19fT 1lJa;6lJ tr /h fLf!)JuL51W If Morrj, jJ(l!juL5IllJ(ijIJ)/Jl8;a; G6lJ6W@W <iiTGfuf!)JW Q,flJrryS!;iJ 8'rliia;rliia;c,yf)~w LD;DfD 8'LL &J,rT6'l1WfTW Q/hrr,p6UfT!ii1TrT rtlf!)J6lJwrliia;c,yf)~w G6'l1&tJ Q8'UlllJ G6'l1IiiffiLfTW IQTW{f)JW Ga;mfiwrT. fftffiQ8'rrfiR «eutr jJa;6lflw Qa;fT6IT(ijIJ)Si, SiLfiI Q6'l1® ggw r5JlI>lQrfLuSI®,0/!)J fflJliiffiUf- ffi!J)J U G UfT 6lJ jlj;iJ@ t.b 8iLfH mllJ8; @jf!)Jrliif!!j@6'l1fT/h siv jljfT UWW'T 8i LDfT ;D!J)I6lJ /h .m®w @L..@.:F Q8'W fD/!)J. - 1 2 .

5!!J(]lJrT~<JW -19w J!j!T;D@~Uf-W 70w ~1iiffi(5JSic,yf)1iv

~pSlGIj ffi /!)J(ijIJ) ;nu5JWrT W ffi fijluS/1iv (I!J~llJ.'T~iv G /h rrw;DI UJ €iJ,dJ/fJfT ,0jlj-~lJfFJUJiv Gurr a;®. t:j)/hm ~1J6'l1rrWrTSi6IT 6'616'l1 <'FrruSiSi6IT wffifilu5liv ~ivlQl)/!)J "f!jGfTfT ffi" (" f9GlJrr,dJ" IQTW j!J ®~IlJ<F Q8'rrlivro6i;b® •• W8;a;6IT" <iiTWU QUfT®W) W ffi ffi!u5l fill L5J fT .# <'F tt 17 W {B L ffi /fJ8;c;a;rr mf@rT$W .. sr W(] 61J /fJrrw f9GlJrrjJ<'FW lQT~jD QUUJrT 6lJ,0/fJ/!)J. 4IJLfFJ @UJ<i. $ffijJliv Qjlj!T,plQl)fTstf/ 6lJrT8;Siibffi!w (LjJGfuwGl51JfJu urliiliOOSi W{f)Jibjljriv, €iJf!)J uliiffi&cirrr 8;a;fTfT tr Si&rr - 6l5I6'l18'rru518i&rr 8; -

S Si L...@(ijIJ)1J 1 914 W ~roMrUf-riv filfT@L 8'Ga;rr /fJ1J ~ SiroY; 8'riil Siffijlw a;&va; $!ii1T~UJffifij1;blI>rra; fiif@jfJUULL/!)J: 1 9 1 5 W ~ Iiiffi '-9-tiv •• WfT rT 8; fF)1lJ !$fill u LUf- UJIiv' • IQT@lLD

L51;jJG8'rT<i.m$GUJfT(])J 6'61. @cori)~.m (ijlJ)SiG!UJr:u~ffiGjfJfT@ ~a: 17fT iJluSisM 286lJ/!)J Qjljrr0!Jwu511Q1) '-!'v.,;rf)$8iUUL~f'f' !? Gl51JfJ~ ma;.# (§fj)rfi&vlI>6lfltifrr a;fTIJIimLDfT~ .(]8'r:~~<'FUJ.: . UfT~

Lrr~Siw ~ 6'l1rT 8;SiU Gurrr;rfTLL/fJffi!W. GUfTfT fb/hf9WIJ~

$6IT" fiif@JW @® ~ffiwUJfTUJriil~u ~fijJuufT.fF)lfIlLl_fT .,aL~L@ GJj,'T8'$jJWtiv €iJ1QI) WfT fDJ!!I!iJa:&rr8' QC;UJ/hrrfT.

iWl8iGlllJ@ffi/!)Ju U!lJjJ8;GSi;Du @~SiL_(£imlJuS/w . (LjJ@

6lJfT 8'II>W (LjJ/fJw(LjJ/hiii£liv 1 92 5w ~1iJlWUf-1QI) Q6lJrorf/6lJ f9/fJ/!)J. @_liijfJu ujJuLj ,!Mill uLUf-uSltiv @iIllQI)rrUJiv ~.#8'Uf-8; $uu@iiljD/!)J. - 2 9 .

9G1UJm~m~ -(l!J~llJ 8'!YJSi-~f9r:IlJa:;bjJ<ill @jLtt

(!JJjljGVrr~jJ/!)J6lJ, 8' .0jljrTUU6lJfT jlju GUfTSifilw ~jfJr;r_6lJfTwr:

Si6IT. (11).8'.85. QjljfT. 8iLfiluS/W @IJIiiffiLfT6lJ~ Sirrl!iJfilc:€iJ~ (1903tiv) UJjJjJUJ ~mUJu41I><@!!J8;$fT$. jBLf!>jfJ. GjfJ.fTjfJlQI) SiIDYflGiJ 6'61.@. QiilJ~W ~/hIJGJjrrlQrrrT$~ QU(ll),-?urr~mw Qu;DjDWrT. @6'l1rTSiW (]UfTriv~6'6I8;@Si6rr_ (QUC[9UJ~~6MIiOOW (]UJrrr-r) <iiTtifrr!J)l ~my!8;a;uuLGV,!uSiwrr: ""./9/hfTUU6lJfTfi!' Si6IT €iJ!!)IUrrwIiOOUJu5!WlJfT$) Qww61flrulI>@lI>m (8'J!J)JUfTW fWlLDGlLJfTrT) fiifW[f)I GlUlLJrT Glu;Dft)WrT.

1917 U/ulJ6'l1rf1u51riiv I9IiOOLGlu;DfD (LjJf!jlQl)fTlDYfI,dJ/!)J6'l1-~ /9fTUJSiU LJIJLfF)(ijIJ)lLJffi Gl jfJfTLrT~/!)J ~LD~~8;@Si~ (LjJ/l? IQI)fT~j;/!)J6'l1 @mL8;SifTlQI) ~fT <'Frrl!iJ$jljwm- ~!!)IuU/WfT

101

100

11

, , 8' L_L UJ U ;D p5J lLJ Q %UD8iGJ61 UJ j, fh j, tfjJbIJ ~ IT ~ j, tfjJs; (§ iiGl WrT

8'~W. (!:Pl.SJ-filJr.iIIl[T" 6T@lw UGIDLL1l5i6U 8i1T. WlTrTS;6W

OJ~bIJ(§ WIT f!)I an,mJUJ Iffi (§,n5Ju OJ Ll.jU@8iIjDtfjJ : ' , tf;i4 8' lLJ

WIT 8i , (] UIT [T IT LL etjJ eu w iiGl WrT 8' GM UJ iiGl WrT 8' GM etjJ6IJ UJ C8ulT [T IT LL j, fliIT 6U WIT;b jD UU L {jJUJ6IJ1T Iffi ' QUIT ®6YT IT UJ fh 4 8'S; @ G) UIT C!5w IT UJ fh 4 <fUji fiji lLJ ITC8,;llJ UJ fh IHiN ,ffjfT s; 8iIQ lLJ,n5J UJU UL C86lJ.,m@w; ~!l~6U j!j ,dJ1fji6lJ W 6T UC8ulT Ifji Q6lJ@5 @?W®8imIT6U fi)[T fi) a.a;u u@mjJJC8j!jIT ,gJ(uC8u IT Ifji fh j, IfjibIJ(!jJUJ

QUIT®6YTITUJj!j4 <'Fa.fijiUJlTmjJJtfjJ". ~ 33.

I 5 (jn51oitJLlllrT~ (8iIC8[T S;8iW) ~ ,gJ(p5J6lJ,dJ j!j,dJlffiGllW; W~ fh6l5r

lLJ j!j IT tr ,dJ fh,dJr.iIIl IfJ ,gJ(,n5J fh 6U U ;b ;JSiUJ , ,gJ(,n5J fh iii61cill etjJ6IJ W!I ;D!J)l 8iW W;D!J)lW ,gJ(,n5JIfJ6U $J8ilP4ii!u C8UITs;fi)w 6lJllJ-6lJ®a;&rru U;Dp5lllJ lfJj,lffi6lJ~ITWU C8UIT fb?w· ~ 44.

I 6 ~till W,IDHJ U1ffi JEltill W.IDJ U4 ~ @lLJa.a;iiGlUJiii6Icill ,gJ( I.SJ- UUr.ilIJL

iiGl fiji a;GYf/6U ~ !J)l. c!::p j!j,w - (!jJ j!j 6IJ1T a; Q ~a;6IJ IT 6U an jDU

ULLtfjJ, ~~6U @<OiJiiGljluS/~ 8'rF!IlJIT~ QUIT®W(!jJj!j6U

GllIT j!j iiGl@Ts;a;w OJ. 6T®Q8i6U<'FIT6U ~6YFia.8iUULLtfjJ. @<OiJlOBIjiuS/wullJ-, Ur.iIIl!Jl1lJ u.,mY8iW ~1;9S;8iUUL@ ($J&vw !J)la.a;UuL@) yjjtllJ u.,mya;w ,g)_®bIJlT6lJj!jW etjJ6IJW 6lJmrT4ii! ffir.ilIlLQu jJ)Jfi) JD Ifji . OJ jD@5 L/ jI UJ u.,mya;"rr w.,m@w ,gJ(fits; a;uu(EJfi)w JDW ($J&vW!J)ls;a;uu@fiJGirr jJJW). yjlj!j1T a;j,

C8j!jITw!J)lu u.,my, Ur.iIIl!Jl1lJ u.,mt.5!w m6IJ ~W8'rliJa;&r

,gJ( jI a; ,g)_ IlJ tt 6lJ IT W LD LL j, $Iriu Lf~rT ffi IT L@8iIrilljJJrill .

@6iJblJlT(I!1$, tf;i&vW!J)JuOJrill tf;i&vW!J)JULf iiGlfiji 9® YJD,dJjJriu

Ur.iIIl!JlUJU u.,mL.5!w ,gJ(llJ-UUr.iIIlL WIT ;DjDffir.ilIl fht1..JUJ LDjJ)J

LfJDffifiji6U Ur.iIIl!JlIlJj!j;D@5W LffijiUJj!j;b(§W @r.iIIlLuSi6IJITrill

Qj!jITLrT4mr.ilIlllJt1..Jw QblJriIf!uu@,dJlfjimjJJlfji. ~ 44.

1 7 C!fJ14lUlJ8r C!fJm~lU ...&rn(ijLb r>J~U(ij~~Ul ILrmJUU@)~ t.5![TITwmGirr 6lJ[T6IJ1T ;b:OJ1iiv 1814 (!jJj!j6U 1830 blJr.iIIl[T11.j6YrW $IT 6IJ U u@5fiji . 1 7 9 2 6U i51Q [Tr§8T (!jJ j!j6IJ ITriIf! ffi §)l6lJ U Lf [T L mlLJlTliiv $mlPa.a;uuLL y,rTC8uITW ,gJ([T 8'6lJW8'W @~j!ja. $IT6IJU U(§fijiuS/6U LD!J)JUISf-I1.jW ~Liilu uLffij!'iiv ,gJ(WrT ffi j!jUUL.LIfji; ~'_'_iil ~j!$IT[TW @~j!j .m[T8'blJW8',dJfijiw GIDa;,.6)6U @(§~fb!ffi' ~ 50.

18 "~~~tillu ulUffiurTl:.$~ ;:!)$t~cilJLb" ~@Ifji 19w .IJj!T;D

. ~..

@~ISf-6l5r 7 Ow ~.,m@$6Yfi6U ,g)_r.iIIl!JluLf wflJ,uLfuJD

,n5JUJ WIT.rT .$mlLJj, jbffilfjiGll ffi@;D(§j sr fii[TIT $, " ~5iv@

if) UJ U U6Yr 6YFi" (iT6l5r jJJr.iIIl !JlS;$ U LJ LL j!j IT riD (!jJGirrr.ilIl6lJ s;a;u U L

L!fjJ . @ ~ j!j j, /fJ j, Iffi 6lJ jJ fiji ;bC88> ;bu <'F (!fJ /fJ tt lLJ rf' fiji lLJiT 8i ~bIJiillLJWITW ,g)_r.iIIl!JlULf LDfijiUt.5!W ~tq..UUr.iIIlLuS/riD .@6U.%v, LDIT@$ U6fflLj,fiji6l5r UUJW /fJWr.iIIlWr.iIIllLJU U;D:OJUJ ,gJ(8i@.f1lJ rf' fijiUJlTrill $=f)Ur.iIIlU ~ @UU~LW bIJlTrliJ(§U@.frii1If!w LJ98i ~ j, j!UJ IT 6lJ iillU W ;b jD.§J C8 jbr.ilIl6lJ r.iIIl IlJ u !,d,rT ji) jI Q <'F ri.J8i: jD!fjJ ~ r.5i[TfijiuG6/S;(§jW U.,mLji}fijiW ~j!)JjjJ$J&vu UUJoNu,'T@ (iTcill jD6ID!JlS;$Uu@bI1.fljJjbITm wfijiut51cill ,gJ(llJ-UUr.iIIlLIUIT$ ,g)_rW w!fjJ.~62.

1 9 g;1Tr'n:'~Lb ~ 1 9w .IJj!T ;D@.,m(£! t51rfiLISf-GJ!p C;)/fJITfit6IJITWrT

$riIf!cill QbIJ(§mrill Lf[TLfil8>[T w,UJS;8>t..iJ. "Charter" (<'FIT8'rillw) (iT@1t£ ~rliJfi)6IJ4 Q8"TivG6/GJ6I®~!fjJ {jJuQuUJrT

8> WIT fiJ ,gJ( jb W 'OJ 8i IT fijlu,dJ fii IU s; Q a; IT rW 6lfl8>IiWIUJ ~j!j rF! ji}

/fJlillrT. ~a.C8LITUrT G8'IT~G6/6W(EJU Lf[TLfFs;(!!ju t5iwLf

w;D JD et jlrT uy CTI_:_)f)a. a; Liila;@9L~{ C8<'F rT ~.fljJ Qa;IT<iiffi(£! C88'ITIOBIIU,dJ ~L...fils;® 6TjI[TIT$U GUITlJlTlSf-rillrT. ~ 29.

I 0 r§i. Q6IJ~W ~ m. @. Q6IJ63f)cOOw LfQwruQuUJrT. ~ 29.

12

" 1848 (!fJjb6U 1850 b1Jr.iIIl[TuSllilJlTlill L.5!lJlTcillfFliiv @.fIT $8>U (]UIT[TITLLW' " ' '~u3 GUITGMUITrTL...lSf-w U[ijlQIillL...LITW Lf®GWrT", "OJ[TITcillmriD ,g)_6YrfJiITL@U GUlTrT" C8ulTwjlJ a; IT . wITrTs;m,ffi- ur.iIIlLuLfa;&, 6l1I . .@. Q6IJ6W1,ffi- @rliJ(§ (§p5luOJ(£!fiil@rt . ~ 35.

) 3

"QmrTw.m iil.§JjblT~/bw" @rliJ(§ (§,n5JuulLuu@fiiljlJ§)l. ~

39.

1 4 .aj.wG1lUlT~ru IT~W ' ',gJ{p51UJ (!fJISf-UJIT /fJ!JjJ' , (iTW1W

G)<'FlTriuG6/,,;6)®~§)l OJjD;]/fJ!JjJ. w.$$6Yr ,g)_lOIJr.iIIla;l1.jw .@fhW

b1JWrT 4iil r§iUJ@a;&rr11.j W ~ p5J I1.j W bIJ mUU6lflU W f!)I.$@jW

9® GUIT fh&rr· ~fY,w, 8iITWL... ~~UJ h@(I7j@!('Ijw

~,n5JGlUJIT~IT fhj,ww t..Eia; (!jJ8ifiilUJ ~jblJ@!rTWIT$WIT

u5l(§~fhm-rT. $ITWL... §jlill J!jJ fbji}!JjJbIJ~lTrnu GUIT /fJQwrGIDIU "r.;S/WrT<'FrillbIJlT/bw" 6TW('YrT; w6W1jb6Of)w ~,n5Jjb6U W/D r.iIIlLDGIDUJ mwrF!muuliWlfh(]1U .@§jW ~ISf-UU6lflL_ 61JLiBUJ WIT 8>.$ a;® W~rT . G j9rT $IT LiB@! IT /fJ(IjlLD ~ p51Q IU IT@®)bIJlT/b.§J @w 9®6lJr.iIIl8iUJIT@_jW. LDcOO fh~Gv QUIT(§L$6Yficill <'FITI]' ji)

j?i@1rW Lf8> [ijUJ6IJlTtfjJ, C8J1jIJi..!J-UJrra;s; a;IT~uu(jjlw ,g)_6ffl

GIDW8i&rru U;D,n5JUJ Q@.f6Yfi fFji}/brF!uy WL...@Gw @@!W1S;@5S; ~LL_a. an.I.SJ-IUQ/fJWUjjt.£l®~J!jJ C8J1jrT a;ITL...iil6lJIT /fJffij!lillrT Q8'IUGvUL...L_rillrT. ~rJ5IQIUIT~bIJrr /fJw, fJiw!JjJ r§lTrill ffij?iw ,g)_.,mi>l5lW6lflUJ GwtUurS/S;(!!jW ~r§~ITW ffi@cill b1J[TlilJlT;D G@(jjlw 8'(!jJj1jlTlLJ j96lflL(Ijli>l5ljDGUJIT@t£ (Ijl;brJ5l~WIT$ (YJ[T~u@ifJ JD!JjJ. ~ 40.

102

103

rujJ,"h.ffJJ' [i/$jljei SCfT .'Hi"5r /lifi)"u {i)UYE8i/liG,§Jf1rfirW ~[Tr9'ilLJ"u (]a>fTrfi8;!iiOOdi8>f>fr ~Lr5J~u.J)®;}Jjb(ill. @;}J,§J @lLJ8;8>,lbC],"hfTrfi<iiV Q U(i1) U;UrTrW!iiOO UluSi6M rflfi'M C!fJfjjJrT 5 r9'iuSirW!iiOOLD ILJ W @OWT 8> rill .ffJJ 8i®ffi.ffJJ8;8>",-f!W <!J>;DU@6lJrT,§J/li forW!iiOOUlILJW fi)L_L_6lJL_L Ul,T6M (]6lJ&vffi$JL_LW LD;D!f)Jw GUfTrT ffi,"hjJjJI[TW @<iiVGiVrTffi .ffJJw {i)J5,§J [j)lLJ8;a>ffi$lw UrOIJ@6riTUlfT(§W. @,ffifo @lLJ8;a>W

G jljT"u6£l1l/;D(f!1 ~w @f!)J U1rflL_LSj-~ !.D ;D!!)Jw SCrT6lJG,§Jsc jh

QjbfT!pGiVrTrillrr @lLJ8;8ijh@rW 6lJ6YTrTc#i) LE.ffJJ a>!iiWlc'FLD,T6M

Qsciv6lJrTa.("!J Qc'F~/li$lUJ.ffJJ' - 79,

z 0 ;2)ffi1~.I'lmtmU)OlJ rT;'J)Lo - LD/lifi)lLJ ~L...mroS®ffi.ffJJ @lLJrW,llJ

~rorr!Olj ~fila> aTffi;}J$I[TW, GivffiGiV m,llJuL5IlLJ"uLfa>W, m_rf)!iiOOW a>WLDj)IJ)JU; c'F ~6OIa><!J>&' ffi fij~L'T!iiOOUl ~&iJlLJ.uJ;D;J5lw U,TrOIJfT6M ~[TfflrW ffiW,UUL_L u(l!jfjjJ<!J>Gir ~6v6IJ.ffJJ L51[TG,§J

eFr5J8i<iilf)w f!jfTL...LW, -- B2,

"@$jlja. m8>QlLJ(glffi.ffJJu U1[Tjlu.J)w" (' 'ZLUrfi wfjjJuLf

u;iJ;J5lUJ ,§J/li,fpJ.uJciJa>Gir' , . - u-fr) "roElLDrTeFIillU U®W6OIlLJ

'ryGiVt'1(ill/lifjjJw' f!jrTW8>fTGIJ.ffJJ. COi_jlj'T®fjjJ~fTdi .Q@<iiIf)u5Jr?'

@6OIftJ rorWW,LW roElL_(El m6lJjlj.ffJJ<!J> Qa;fTrorr&iJG!!Jrill; @[TrDm LrT@.ffJJ, fYJw@6lJf!)J QjljfT@jjl8i<iilf)6v fijrT tiJ.ffJJ GUTW &1w

~WeFriua;m @fjjJr£i(f_IJ$.ffJJ ~a;;D/Duu(Elw". - 95.

zs J5i[Trn;~r~;D®w t51[T~lLJfTroEl;iJ®w ~m_LuSiiv ~LtiJt'1 ~UfT~

@ciJ@j ("!J;DluU1LUU(£i&iJ/D.ffJJ; @f!j,§Ju Gurrrr UI[TfT6¥r9'i6M

G jljfTGiu@luSi<iiV (!jJLSj-tiJ,§J.ffJJ· - 97,

211871 u: ~DiIir(Jj'i LDfTrTei 18<iiV /JjLJ5jlj ufTrfiliiiv QjljfTtfi!

eott ettrt <!J>6lf)rn iiTC!Jl5r9'i - UfTrfiGiv a;wYJ,w - @r!iT@j ®;DluUlLU u(Jj'i&iJJD.ffJJ' - 82.

z 2(]lfrT,,*ro1oitl~-5Tii'i'r"'41io IfLLLo 187 BLiJ ~drrrLSj-~ J5iGivLDfTrT8;

~[T scmiu<!J>ffiffifT<iiV Gl~rtLDw,uSlGiuQeFtiJUJuUL_L_f!)J. Q,"hIT!p

6lJfT6YTrT C8eFm;J~r£i5 [j)UJa.a>ffi6O)jlj fjl(Jj'i8;(§.uJajlj @t'1w

aJJjfT8;a;w. @tiJjli5 c'FL...L_fofiiW GU[J;T"u scryJa;-8JwJJjfT

UJa>8; a;L_~uS!w iiT6v6IJfT §!!J)J@(illr5J8i@!jw Gl.uJ®8J6M /li

Q ,§JfT !p6IJrrwrT §! fJ)J6lJ 6"5rrfu 8if@jw Gl§j tr ySI W tr etr ti U ffi jlrfl ma> a;(~w fYJL_UUL...UiWr; (]CFfT6I'j>iii6IeF ~Giua;Gir u;J5l(!jJf!j<iiV QeFliJUJu UL_ L(ill .. eFf!JJ 8i - 8J(ill JJjfT lLJ 8>.uJ rt $Ja> sir Q ,"hfT"u(};;u uu(El /li jljuu L...

L_(illrt, f!jfT(Jj'i a>L_/lijliUULL_6MrT, @6O)L_roElL_fT.ffJJ $fiiI1l[T

LD6OIL_J5.ffJJ6lJ;}Jf!j Gl@J®8J6Mfo GljlifTySliilJrTrorrrT @lLJ8;8i/lifjjJW

eu ;iJ Lf!f)J ffi jljroSw @loo6lJrra; GeFrT6I'j>roSIiiiv (£i ~ r;;r@rtuLf5 CF L_c._w 189 Ow ~roWLSj-Giu [Tjh.ffJJ QeFuJUJUULL.ffJJ. - 83.

23®6l}UJ @iilJ8;mlLJ fiiI1lLDrfl58i(f_IJW a;L...@m[TlLJfTrorr®w Lf[TL_fil8i[T 8JwJJjrTUJa;6lJfTWILJWfTrn #. ~. jljUVr£iJH,u@lfi'M #'8wr6lJfT8i,

19w ~rr ;jx_rg'DiMLSj-rn LDrTQU(f_IJW 0_1j~lLJ8; a;,,{iI@J[TfT&iJUJ

&' ~, QJJj8;[TfT sc.uJfTiv r;;r0:fJjljUULL8; a;@l6O)jljuSlroS(I!j$.ffJJ

{i)$jlj sutrrr ffimjljdif>fr iiT(£i8; a;UUL...(Elmw6M , - 84.

24 QIiiJ)GlJf)<ffi r;;rrlilG1a;6V8'lw a;LL&' 8; Ga;:i>u ' 'ZLurf) LD$lULJ

u;jJ;DlUJ jli/li.ffJJ6lJ1iiJa;m' , iiTW/W usrrrt 8;r9'i<ffi U6OIL_U6O)U

"ey)(,;vjljwjhjlroisr" JJjfTrna;fTW Q'!Jj.T®$JlLJfT8>8; ("!J;J5luJ5i(£i

8ilcrg tr . " f!jJ Iii1J jlj (ill ffi jJIroisr " @(TIilfrrrLfT6lJ.ffJJ Q jljfT (§ fjjJa.a;rr (ill (!jJ em f/J)J!iiOO(T uS!"u et r5JQa;<iiV1Oiv L5J roM GlJ (!'J LDfT fJ)J fir 0:fJ jJI@rT :

104

rornlrT [Guizot], !511JfT(.iTIJT~rT roUJ.rTtD (1 ~ 87-18 7~)-

UlGJ[J~8T /d,rt~I@JIT ru[JfilJIT jDcrgfflrflUJIT, ~[J 8TU UI[J(IJl8iIT.- 50.

Ifu_lJ.ruwffi [Kugelmann], ~,,:,mli. (1830-1902)-,?lY?rtw~

w(!!j;i;$!)Irurt, 18.48-.4 9 Yc:L..JiJ~!iiv Ur5J@j ujD,ID/UJruIT,

(IJl/hfilJITW ~iiilliiV/bfiJw .2....!J)JuUlwlT.-83.

@ri1~ [Di.ihring], ~wG\lJ.m (1 833-1921) - ~mrt~6M 6W~

§ITW8;(~8iLIT6W GJUrT(!!jwCLfJfb!iiv@JrTjj). GfDIT8iITLfi'r6lJ_ITfijr:

r5I jbGUlT 8>@j UI!ii6lroivt;)lj)um •• 8' w~8i@j ib' G8'ITGI'f'o6l8' /bfijrw UI[J fiji:ff!jj). - 94.

~GUJrT [Thierry], ~ffilG;'!)ffi (1795-1856) - UlGil[J~8T t..Ei/h

riiI1IT /h l@J[JfilJITjbCll]rnrfiUJrt. - 50.

~GUJr"r [Thiers], .!JIGLrTruu (1797-18_77)-UlGil_[J~ar_ !oJ;,'i~

6I1IT ~[JfilUJiv6l1ITjJ, ru[J1iiV1T .dx!!lfilrfillJlT '. UITrfi~ 8iilllH,~ 8i Gil8iIT(Elt;)lj)illUJIT8i j!j8T8i8i ID}"jbUIT(El Gil<FIlJ/h@J(!!jw ~,;uIT.- 50.

u/i,lfu_mffi, ~ldru ~GiruMrrri>~lJms: . (18.14-1876)-:

~ [J IT 8?8i,;u IT /b;iJ jj)w (lpfilJGlJ rt 8iW , &'J ff) /hIT j!j jb@JIT jj) 8i1ilfl_~

,§>®6lJrt; (IJl/h1iiV1T6I1$!)1~€iJ1iiV ;i;fijrw. .2....!J)JuUl~[J1T 8i. WITrr_.8i filUJ;i;jJw 8i(j)Jw Ut;)Ij)8iriil1[JlT8i j!jLj!j:§jJ COI8iITrOOID"LITIT. - 3 o .

!51Qm~rTonru, ~GUJrr~ ruGiIi\l~onrulf (1856.--.1918)--:-

®~ IlJIT 6W/DW ill jb.!J)J W 8' rt 6lJrJ ff}8' COl /bIT ySlliiV IT rarf) su_ rr: 8i 8i ~ UJ ~ 8i;i; fiiw ff}&v&'J jD fg /h /b&vru tr , ®GiJ' 1LJ1T~!iiv LDIT IT 8if!1 UJ jb fijr~ (IJl/h!iiv UI[J<FIT[J8irt; UlGw%YD1T6W~W /b.fb$!)lrou_~ITWU. UID6lL~

Y8i&rtLfW ®~UJIT66J!iiv LDlTr: 8i/iJILJ/b~ /bu u[Jut?llJ~filJ

@,;u[J:§jJ ur!iJG6l8itL{w GJfilJru/w .2...U:ITI@JIT8i. LDfii_uUlL~

~ jb rJj!j[J ;i;ff,l!iiv LDITrt 8i/iJ.IlJ;i;$J<i6}®JD$!)I. Ulwl@JlT~&i1llJfbjD 8iIT 8i!Dlf W ~ [J mlLJ!iiv jE LI@JLl/-BiG6l8iu5)1iiV Gil 8' UJ /h Gil ~® W ~riiI1 !JJ! 8i~8i8iIT 8i!Dlf Lb UlGJW%1!DITWlDIDriiI1 IiilJG3rG6lwUJIT a;a; 8irOOID"tq..ff) /hITrt. - 94.

~LGiIi\lIi [Adler], di'1i.;,!)r"r (1852-1918)-~roivjJrfillJ

<FfYJ8i - fiJ?W fDlT IlJ 8i;i; jJG3r $I !f)J 1@J8i.rf 8iW W jD.!J)J LD ff}&v1iilJ ti

8itDTf)riv '§>®riiI1rt, Ul6M~riv @[J~LITW ~&iJIiiV;i;fijiGu fi'rt fij!®;i;

/briil1lT jb.d;jj)w fo&vliilJrf8irilflriv ~®riiI1It. - 95.

IIT~GilJ.ruffil [Engels], t51GiIJGiufilt (1820-1895) - 14,

22,29,31, 34-36,39-44,45,47,66_67,

69-76, 83, 84-98.

5Ttllli.\!:!,lJffil [Epicurus] (8TWITrT 34 1-2 70 &i!. (IJl.) - &iJrJ[J 8i8i

GJUIT®rorr(lJl/bivriil1IT fbtb /b;iJ§)J@JGiillLJfilJlTwrt. - 30.

5Jru6l51~ [A veling], 5TOU1UJ~rT (1855 - 1898) - WlTrT diiA6M

Lj/brivGiil, ~ri1I€i,)aIiiVUJ G8'ITGI'f'661riifvLITW <5T(ElGlJITrt(j)J ID}"riill6'l5lri1l&i!w w&1JrGiil; UlrflLtq..~ LD JDQ)Jw 8'rTl@JrJ,§8'i> Gl ffiIT y'ilfilJlTstf! GlJItdi8i @lLJdi8i.d;fij!Gi.J 8ifilJffi§)J Gl8iIT~LrTrt. - 37.

C)C)C)uJTUJr'rurr~ [Feuerbach], ~":'mlli. ( 1 8 04-1872) - Qmrt

ww fo&vfil;n$ffi COIuIT®rorr(lJl,§riv!Ol1IT /hi> '§tb§)J@}§ITGOfI,

WrTrT8i€F!UJ;95ff,lw (IJl6MC8~L!J-8istf!!iiv '5lC0!Ol1rt.-22, 30-

31, 38, 39, 41.

o~GUJTIi.L [Vogt], ffirTr"rru (181 7-1895) - COImrT ww 0iI9~

§rT W 8iG8i LIT W COl um:!!J W (IJl /bit; GlJ rr fiji , Q forT y'ilfilJ tt w rt

W JD.!J)J W 8iwlH, GMi <F riJ UJ 8i 8i i> fijrw a;(Elw GiiI':J IJ IT fj). - 4 1 .

ffirronL [Kan t], @ww@lJGUJru ( 1 724-1 804) - WITGJu(!!jt.l,

COImItw<Diir jljtb$!)l4U!§rTru/, i eo, j$rJD@~(j)J @Jl)!fiji-19t.b .!$T JD@IiIirirIJj..W $!)I!Ol1di8i }Ji)UJ Gmrtww 8i(I!Jtb$!)l(lJl,§!iiv6lJIT /hi>

@G3r ~[JWU8irT ;95ff}IT. - 40.

U1ffilwrrr"r1t [Bismark], ~LGUT 5T$rurr~(ij roUJuGUfTru(ij

(1815-1898)-Ul[J6i!pIlJ, G'im'Tww ~1J8Ti> f!jJG6ljDIlJITw,i, ~[J8TjD!Ol1ITliifTrr; €F!ff},ID/8i .&i!L$/h . iA[£5lUJ ~m.rtwffi ~[J8T8i~ GlJ~di8iLLITUJWIT 8i ~;Di&m ff}$!)I ?1fTilBiIT ~[JGI'f'ILJIT~W GW6IJIT jJ8i8iffijJw &:JjJ ~a[J COImfTLDmi~llJ,§ .rJ jbIT jD4p 0iI98i8i ID)" ,dJUIT(j)J COI8'tiJjljITiT; 1871-189 Ow ~6i5I5T(£18i<iiYf)1iiV

106

107

GlmrTUl6M C3UITfTtR~ a=fTrmiifV<ilJrT; mriilBirT 8>W GlU(!IjW Id,rT6I<p6lJrT6'lfL~ 8nJ_o_LfT8>9c Gl8'fLlGvUL C36lJGW(£lGlw~ /D GlBirrmriWl8><>6lfLIU OI~u;bp51@rT. - 82.

4~~~~m [Proudhon], L51~IIJl'r Q!,Jlrri]m)u (1809-1865)

- L51C!'fTr§~U . Qurr(f!foYflUJ<ilJrr6lTrT. @5L~ (!jJf[J<ilJrf<;yflj,

1JjJ()IHF • flI fIj ifF f!j fIj6lJ rr ii' ' ~W rr 3-J8>6lJ rr jb j, jj;JCiN fJJl()l)()lJ ri a;<OYf) 60 '5>(!!J6lJfT. - 33 , 35 .

~wrni1J~ GlmrTUl<.>i5r C38;LrrtWr IiIlfT6lTrT •

[Most], @GllJrr~rrm (1846-1906)-

8'fJJlBi- 3-J6M" J9 tr fLl8>6lJ tt $I , (if rfi rfv€ilGiJr 615) ~(§rr ffi 8> QUfT (!IjW(LjJ fIjGvIill tr fIj j, fIj j,§lGIJ§fTtWr j, fj;!w ~fIjfT UI;D8>fT<ilJj,fijiritJ ~fTfTmBi6lJiTfi!fLlfT~rT. - 83.

GlUm-5Ur'r [Bauer], ()I) tr ;iJ(!!ltR rfI fLI ff , 91.

QUffiftJr'r [Bauer], 4~~ (1809-1882)- QmrTUlW fIjj,§J6lJ

§fT~, 8>(!!Jj,§J(yJfIj6orufT@. UlfTu()I) ~WWQ;21!!JBi!iiSlfLI

eutt fiji8;6Jf!1iiiJ '5>®6lJrT. - 3 O. 31, 91.

IiJLIJ;r'r (1820-1886)-Qt;!5rTWW ()lJ[T

fIj j, §J6lJ §rf ~ • 8>® j, 1JjJ(IjJ jb6v6lJiT fiji. -

rfili;a;rrr'ri]uT [Ricardo], i]U;U!L ( 1 772-1823) - t5!,f)L

~ GlUiT®6Jf!fLI()t)ITffirT, 8'u:,t5!fT jbfTfLI (ljJfIj<ilJiT6Jf!j,IJjJ6lJ

~ fT tRUJGv GJ u iT®6'lT1T fIj tt IT j, jj;JGiJr (IjJ 8;f£) fLI 01 fT $I rffi fiji. - 24 , 65.

~GIIt [Ruge], ~r'r~ruffi (1802-1880)-GJggrTW~

Uj,fijirflriWl8>UJITW,T. - 32, 92.

QrJrrL~ur'rLiiw-UJrrG;i&Li]m)rrru [Rodbertus-J agetzow], I]UJrr~m IErrr'rru ( 1805-1875) - GlggrTWW GJUiT®6Jf!fLI<ilJiTffirT ,

UI[J6I<pUJ- ggriil8>rT .. ~fT8T C38'iT~@)8' j,jiIGiJr" OI;iJC3uiT 8;@58;

8>®j,IJjJ8;8>liIfJrm ~fIj[T6lJiTWrT. - 64.

4~OMr'r [Buchner], @IL<Il1Ia. (l824-1899)-GJmrTUl~

jb dJlJjJ6lJ(§rr~ • a. Ui6lfLIritJ oGlr§!§iT ~ • 6E!ii!j~!Fiffi 8>

(]8;LiT<iIJT GluiT(l!jroTr(IjJf!jivGIJiT fiji. - 41 .

wrrltlLmJ [Marx),1lirrr'r6\) (1818-1883)-14.16.22-29,

30, 31, 33-83, 84-98.

~"c.urrltli. [Lafargue], Q6\lffirJrr (1845-1911)-

uut ti 8;tR6M LJfoivrii!5l, t5!QfT(§8r a8'iT~@)IiiivL C~UITW

@()"ouiTrTfiI~ u:&irrr6"8!. - 3 7.

wrrr'r1i.6fu [Marx), ~m (fj;!(f!jUlGiWj,fijI;b@5 (!jJ6M

IiIlfT~ Gl6lJ6'ivLooOUrrGiV~) ( 1814-1881) - 8>fr. uut tr 8;8'l~ UlOom»9. - 32, 36.

wrr~m [Mazzini), ~r'.~m)uGlu (1805-187 2)- ~j,fIjfT

GV!UJu LJ[TLtRfLlrr6rrrT, (ljJjb()l)iTlilfJjJlJjJ()lJ m<ilJTfDfTfLl8>6lJiT fiji;

@ffif!jfTs6I ..w(£l fIj&v GJ u,dJ f!)J 8r f!j,di jj;J [J is:J,rT ~6lJ rt ®llI-UJIT 8r roT~ /D (ljJriWljDuSliv @&rmUJ a6lJliM@w ()T~ufb<W fIj&J()lJrT 8;W, mj,fIjfT,dif[J6lJiTfiji8>6Jf!ritJ ~(f!j6lJrT; "lL<>6lf:jJumuU-jw fYJ su jb<iIJT j,m f5 U-j W '5> j, IJjJriWl f:jJ 8;8> <>6l6lJ UU fb ~ " f!JJ1iill W GJ/hfTEPGiViTWrT t.5![T8e~mfLIj, $rT8>BirDlJiTW lilT6MjD Bi;bu~ 6lIITfIj ®LllI- (LjJjljliilliTlilfJj,lJjJruj, iJiLLc''iimfIjU t.5![T8c8'iTITW Q8'tiJjbiTrT. - 35.

lilJoitlm)rrru [Lassalle], .·.G1ur'r'-'l@mr~ (1825-1864)-

Glt;!5rTw<w C38'iT~r;;6)6'ivL, Q/'ErTUl6M Gl/hiTyS!<ilJrrrorrrr GlUiT ffj1 8'riil8;j,fj;!ra'M IiiivfIjiTU8;rT; (!jJMiIUJ ~[TmUJciv t.5!fT8c~8>()"(f)1iiiJ 8' IBfbiTUU6lJiT /h (ffi'&v 6lJfilj,fIjiTrr, @/h;iJ8;iT8; WfTfT 8;8rW m5J~8>W&W @6lJmlT 8; 8;GW~UYL~ rii!5lwrfltRjJf!jWrT . ~ 81. 82.

rou8;GlOM~L [Liebknecht], m16\)G1~6\)w (1826-1900)-

Q /'ErT Ul6M 8'flJJ8;- ~iffi ffiiT UJ8> U: LD;D g;u W @fTcOWLfT W ~8i!<ilJ ffi iJi~ >iiv fIjiTU8>rT 8>W, fIj&J6lJrT8>6Jf!civ ~®6lJfj-. - 82.

G1lilJrrrr..GIIt [Longuet], Glmmffil (1844-1883)-BiiTrrw

LDfTrT8;8'I~ fJJlj,jIJ YfIjwrii!5I, t5!GJ[Tt5& a8'iTr;yp@)6'ivL

~fTrTiv GlliilliTJiuG8;uSIw Ulo.vsr6"8!. - 3 7.

IBmGUJ [Mignet] , tllrJrrmlJTrurr ~@joitJL (1796-1884)-

UlQ[Tt58r WJf!j()lJiT fIj ru[T@fT;iJ(!!1tRiflUJrT. - 50.

GlwfTro1~lillrrL [Moleschott], llJrrli.iEu ( 1822-1893)-

L8c8r .fLL!iiSlUJ6U Jff1y=rt, 6'l9,t5(§rrm8>a8>LiTW GlUiT®W

(!jJf[Jiv6lJiT fIjffi fIjjJlJjJ6lJ®lfLI<ilJiTliilTrT. - 41 .

<Il1Iruro1~ [Willich], ~m@)oitlL (1810-1878) - OI[J~fLI

~[TiT~()lJ ~$l8;ITifI, 184 9w ~1iM(£I UiTGlfIjra'M

roTC!:£l#liuSl<w aUiT §J Q fIjlTGWLrT umLuu®iJiuSlliifr ;/li'&v6lJ.rr, IiillGWLi)~fliv 8;WJH,~6'iv(EJBi<OYf}W 688i1w Ulj,jiIUJ8; BiWJLllI-

.fL g;u U Ul6M" tr , WiT rT 8; 8'I;D@J et iJi [T mii au tt rfI LL " ~L IJjJ

a=iTifluSiwrr" t.5!~w J1j'&vrrurT. - 84.

108

109

Iillrruurr [Schapper], &rrrrolJ (9TWfTrT 1812-1870)-

GtgrTWW LD;D[l)Jw 8'rTiillcgjh8',sb Q:JjrT!pliilJrT6'ffI @JrT8;8i

@UJ8;8ij;ffij)W (Ijl8;$)UJ tbC'toooJrT, J£!lLlfTUJWfTWiillrT8i6'fflGM

8'rli.J8iffi tb&iillrT8i6'ffl6i! 'ij)(!!)@JrT, 8iwMd,.mJfiiv(£i8i6'fflw .£8ilw LDffifijl!u8; 8iuSlLlSJ- IQ_Jl)JLlI.51GirJTrT, 185 Ow ~dor(£i 8iwjg~fiiv (£i8iwrrflw .£&?lw ur61T~W GurT~ "@L~8'rTrflu5IwrT'.' iiTWJw @j[I)Jriil@j(!:fJblJrT:JjLl t51rf)~w /l5&iillrT8ililfJ6i! 'ij)(l!jiill.rT, 1856w ~dorlJ}-6i! wdor(£iw WfTrT8;G8'fT(£i GlJ!j(l!jI!iJ&?l b1J.0:JjrTrT. - 8!.

~UiT [Stein], ~OllrrG'i1J61hL6i1J ill rrm (1 8 1 5-1 890) -

QggrTWW (Ijl:JjliilJfT.mJ,sb~@lLl QUrT(!!)rom/lJliilJfT61TrT, @l!JlS;

8i~rT, @l!;TriiIJrT;D@fF)rfllLlrT. - 45.

6lll@56\J1/i, G6lJlJrT ~rurrOM6iI~ (1851-1919) - Gl8'W JD J$r;D

@~lJ}-tiM 80w ~<a6rJT(£i8i6'rfJriu • '1Q_1iWl!JlUY rilli(£ijh&" iiTWJw (!p:Jjriu (!!)~/lJ LDfTrT8i€FI/lJ$ ®(lpDl11r£l®ffijtJ QurmrLD~, 8'r:_LfJ8i- m'OOf J!jfTUJ8iiillrT fiji. GlLDW6!fJ6))i8;. - 9 4.

6lJrT{f& GJ!iUJrr~

@ffijhu Lj Jb jlj8i JbIiWl :Jj U u;D;J51lLJ W @:Jjw :Jj UJ IT rf)uliWluu u;D pSllLJ W fo riil 8ivN 8i(l!j,sb1iWl tb ~ pSI/lJcOl/ W , ~(£i ,sb~@l (!!) W QbIJ.mJuJ(£i8ivN

8' WU ffi fo LD tt 8i Jb :Jj@8ivN G UJ tt <F&w 8iOO

@l[fG6ll;D8icOl/w (YlmGOMrD!DU U~UUILLo

wfiltPcOl/LW 8irT fofijl(!!)8;&?lJD~'

8i IJ}- fo r5J8ioo,sb :Jj 1iWl/lJ Q <F til ~

"Progress Publishers, 17, Zubovsky Boulevard, Moscow, USSR"

iiTW JD (Ijl8i6l1rf18;@j ~WJULj@8ivN.

G6lllrrr'rGi.L [Sorge], t.11G'iIJG1ui11i> 4)J~Lrr6\)u ( 1828-1906) -

QtgrTWW uurti s;fF)CLJ@lrT&5'. <FrT'ilJG:Ji8',sb QforT!J)OiIJrT61TrT

@/lJ8;8i,sbj!tiM W8iffitbrTGirlT L.5J[f(ljl8irT. - 83.

6i1Ju5I~ [Smith], ~LLo (1723-1790)-t5IrflLIJ}-~

GlUrT(l!j6'rfJ/lJOiIJrT61TrT, (IjlfoGVlTriiIf),sb~@l 6ll1iWl8iUULL ~[ffiJ/lJriu GlUrT(!!)6fTrT :JjrT[f j;fj)w 8'wU/[f :JjrT/lJ8; Gl8i/TvNm9i8; @j~W

:Jj&v8!lJDffifo L.5J[ffiltiljl. - 24, 59. --

~ffi6i1J6\J1 [Huxley], ~rTlj)6i1J Q~mril (1825-1895)-

LilrflLlSJ-r4 @UJ;DIQIj)8i G£!(~!i@7JITGillfI, :Jj,sb~6l1('"9rT~; LrTrT

@)I~w J!jGirfMUrT. fh_rT. - 40, 41.

~\H.W [Hume], GurolL

fo,sb~iillrilli/lJGVIT61TrT. ~8itil&8;

Gl !UIT ~iillrT ffij). - 4 0 , 4 1 .

Q~r;\) [Hegel], ~wrrr'r@lj t51G1IJGiui11i> ~~olJLo (1770-

1831) - (ylGV4 &'IJDULjmL!U GJi!!5rTWW tb,sbt!)J'ilJG£!/lJOiIJrT6fTrT, YJDr£I&vu GUrT S;@jmLUJ 8i(!!)ffif§J(Ijlfo6t:!iilllT $I; 8i®,sb~Cl.jJfo6t:!

611rT:Jj @UJ8;8iG£!/lJ& G£!rflr,;6lo;rr8;8iw Q<FIiJ~w(;;YmrT. - 22 ,

30, 38, 39, 40, 42-44, 87-88.

(1 711-1 776) - t51rf)LlSJ-~ 8i(l!),sb gp(!p :Jj riuiilllT &5'. ~;DI

~rr6\J1GUJrrli> [Holyoak], mrrfrm l2rT&U (1817-1906)-

O1rf1LLrJ-~ G<FrT6l'/'r£l6iv(El-grT jI(I!),sbfb@llTfijl, &_L@JD6lj @UJS;8iU t5JfJ(ljJ8irT. - 79.

110

mdJurm-UJ rmrr'ra>ffi

.cfil!H, G1~IJTri1 41f. ~~ffi) t5lm[J\]ruL ro1u51G1u':_

41-L5l, ~LG8i1T ~uiivLrflllJSJ "uiivCk_L, Q"HiM&-M - 600098.

~fT-~tb

J3 6, W6ljriML G;;rIT@, Qc'FGiJT&1rr - 600002.

li:(mllim-

80, GWiQI)8; G8iITLjV 69$1, LD§)JIiWIV- 625001.

87 /89, f;U~8;8iITV QfJj(l!j. G8ifTUJWLJ;d1jpfTfT- 641001. fFrr5J8ifTv;d1 G.'bfTuLj. fB(I!j<fiHlvfTuuliirrotfl- 620008.

GJff.rtrfl GfT'T@, Gc'F<';vw- 636001.

m;buoo ~&1 UJr6J806lr 3-22-75- D,W§)JIiWIV fflT&v; j1®Q~oMJ!jj)Jr£1 8Sr5J~;

66, g!:;PVfT tIS 69$1. fo(§fffT~rT.

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen