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in order to promote transparency and accountability in the working of every public authority,
and whereas the attached publication of the Bureau of Indian Standards is of particular interest
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timely dissemination of this information in an accurate manner to the public.
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01 ' 5

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Step Out From the Old to the New

Mazdoor Kisan Shakti Sangathan

Jawaharlal Nehru

IS 1727 (1967): Methods of test for pozzolanic materials

[CED 2: Civil Engineering]

! $ ' +-
Satyanarayan Gangaram Pitroda

Invent a New India Using Knowledge

! > 0 B

BharthariNtiatakam

Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen

IS : 1 7 2 7 - 1 9 6 7

Indian Standard
METHODS OF TEST FOR
POZZOLANIC MATERIALS

(First Revision)
Sixt h Repr in t OCTOBE R

1996

UDC 666.95.014/.017 : 691.545

0 Copyright 1968
BURE AU
MAN AK

Gr 1 0

OF

B HAVAN ,

INDIAN

STANDARDS

9 B AHAD U R
S HAH
N EW D ELHI
110002

ZAF AR

MARG

February 1968

Indian St andard
ME TH ODS OF TE ST F OR
P OZZOLANIC MATE RIALS

(First Rev ision)

Pozzolanas

Sectional

Committee,

BDC 16

Represmting

Ctilmfln

The Associated

Dn R. R. HA~IAN~~I

Cement

Companies

Ltd, Bombay

DR IQBALAU

Hyderabad
Engineering
Research
Laboratory,
Hydcrabad
Sxm B. C. BANERJEB
Directorate
General
of Technical
Development
( Ministrv of Industrv I
Hindustan
S&cl Ltd, Ranchi
SHRI M. J. BHATT
SHIU S. N. BANERJ EE ( Altematc j
Federation
of Electricity
Undertakings
of India,
SHRI K.V. CI~AUBAL
Bombay
Central
Buildinu
Research
Institute
(. CSIR 1.
Dn S. K. CHOPRA
Roorkee
SHRI A. K. CHAITERJ EE ( Alternate )
I)r I. c. Des M. PAI8 CUDDOU
Central Water & Power Commission,
New Delhi
SHRI N. C. RAWAL ( Alkmalc )
SBllc.c.D~l
National Test House; Calcutta
SHRI N. C. SENCUPIA ( Al&mate )
DEPUTY
DIRECTOR
RESEARUI
Railway Board
Irrigation
& Power Research
Institute,
Amritur
MOHINIXR SING~X( Altcrnatc )
I)IILECTOR
Maharashtra
Engineering
Research
Institute,
Nasik
SHRI M.R.
VINAYAKA (Alftmuk)
hsPEm0~
DXRECTOR,
AND Bhakra Dam, Nangal Township

&$ 0 ;
WRI

CONTROL
SHRI C. C. GIJ?TA

U.P. PWD Research Institute,

Lucknow
Engineer-in-Chiefs
Branch, Army Headquarters
CentraihZoad
Research
Institute
( CSIR),

SHRI V.K.GUF+'TA
Paor S. R. M~HRA
DR R. K. Grxosrs ( Afferna~ \

SHRI P. J. JAGIJIJ
( Abmatu )
SHRl \. N. PA1
fiI3sU RABINDER SINGH

&RI K. K. NAYBL+R

Concrete

Association

of India,

New

Bombay

The Associatrd
Cement Companies
Ltd. Bombay
National
Buildings Oraanizaiion
I Minirtrv of Works.
Housing & Urb& Development
)
.

Smu C. T. BODE ( AI&raak )

( Cbntinurd on pug8 2 )

BUREAU
MANAK

OF
BHAVAN,

INDIAN
9 BAHADUR

NEW

DELHI

STANDARDS
SHAH
110002

ZAFAR

MARG

Is rl7 2 7 -1 9 6 7
( Gmtinued fr omjm g c1)
MrmbaJ

RqWscnring

SHRIR. R. SUKHRANI
SUPERINTENDING

Kaudla Port Project ( Ministry of Traqort )

ENGINEERIrrigation Department, Govemmcut of Madras

(-ou)

GEOLOGIST
(EG
&GW)
SUPERINTENDING
SURVEYOR OF
WORKS(I)
DR H. C. VIS~ESVARAYA
SH RXR. NAGARAJAN,
Director ( Civ Engg )
SUPERXNTENDING

Geological Survey of India, Calcutta

Central Public Works Department
Canent Rcaearch Institute of India, New D&i
Director General, ISI ( Ex-oficcioMember)

SHRIY. R. TANEJA
Deputy Director ( Civ Engg ), IS1
SHRI DI&PAKBANDYOPADHYAY
Senior Technical Assistant ( Civ Engg ), IS1

Panel

DR

for Revision

Convener
H. C. VISYZSVARASA

of IS : 1727-1960,

BDC

16/Pl

Cement Research Institute of India, New Delhi

Members
I.h IQBAS. ALI
DR

S. K. C~OPRA

Hyderabad
Engine,-ring Research Laboratory,
Hyderabad
CentR~or~e~lding Research Institute
( CSIR ),

SHRI C. A. TAN~JA( Alternate )

Centbt,hZoad
DR R. K. GAOSH

Sriar P. J. JAGUS
SrrrtrM. R. VINAYAU

Research Institute ( CSIR),

NCW

Concrete Association of India, Bombay

Maharaahtra Engineering R-arch Institute, Nasih

Is :1 7 2 7 1 1 9 6 7

Indian St andard
ME TH ODS OF TE ST F OR
P OZZOLANIC MATE RIALS

f First Rev ision)

0.

F OREWORD

0.1 This Ind ian Stand ard ( First Revision ) w as ad op ted by the Ind ian
Stand ard s Institu tion on 24 Ju ly 1967, after the d raft finalized by the
Pozzolanas Sectional Com m ittee had been ap p roved by the Civil Engineering
Division Cou ncil.
0.2 This stand ard w as originally pu blished in 1960. The variou s provisions
of the stand ard have been u nd er the review of the Pozzolanas Sectional
Com m ittee, for qu ite som e tim e. Th e greater u tilization of p ozzolanic
m aterials in the cou ntry, the experience w ith the u se of this stand ard and also
the latest d evelopm ents in the field of p ozzolanic m aterials has necessitated
a change in the ap p roach to the testing of p ozzolanas.
In the light of these,
the Pozzolanas Sectional Com m ittee has felt the need to issue this revision, to
incorp orate the m od ification necessary to bring the stand ard in line w ith the
present thinking on the su bject.
0.2.1 The revision incorp orates a nu m ber of changes, the m ost im p ortant
of them being - the m ethod of test for specific su rface of p ozzolana by Blaine
air perm eability ap p aratu s, the u se of revised grad ing of stand ard sand for
variou s tests, introd u ction of absolu te volu m e concep t for the test m ixtu res
for variou s p ozzolanic activity tests, m od ified m ethod of com p action of test
specim ens and a test for specific gravity of p ozzolanas.
0.2.2 The d esign of m ix for variou s p ozzolanic activity tests on absolu te
volu m e basis w as consid ered preferable as this w ou ld keep the bind er p lu s
p ozzolana volu m e sam e as that of bind er p aste volu m e in control m ix. This
w ill control the w orkability, void s and yield of m ortar w hich are affected by a
change in the specific gravity of p ozzolanas.
If the p rop ortions are by
w eight alone, any change in the specific gravity of p ozzolana w ill alter
the w ater requ irem ents for the m ix and this w ill have a significant effect
on the strength w ith the resu lt that a tru e assessm ent of the qu ality of
p ozzolana w ou ld not be possible. Prop ortioning by w eight w ill also not
give tru e com p arison betw een the reactivity of tw o d ifferent p ozzolanas
becau se even if they had equal efficiency in respect of their chem ical reactivity, an artificial d ifference in the strength w ill be observed d u e to d ifTerence in their specific gravities in case of p rop ortioning by w eight; on the
other hand , if the absolu te volu m es occu p ied by both p ozzolanas w ere kep t
3

r--------

IS : 1 7 2 7- 1 9 6 7
constant
occu r.

( by batching

by absolu te volu m e ) su ch an anom aly w ou ld not

0.2.3 Instead of equ ating w orkability on the basis of w ater requ irem ents
in a cem ent p ozzolana p aste, a su itable m ethod to ju d ge the p erform ance
of qualitative w orkability basis relative to the control m ix has been introd u ced both for lime reactivity test as w ell as com pressive strength test of
cem ent p ozzolana m ortars.
The Sectional Com m ittee w as of the view
that the d eterm ination of w ater requ irem ents m erely on cem ent p aste as
specified earlier in the stand ard m ay not have su fficient bearing in reflecting
the tru e w orkability of m ortar becau se the w orkability and w ater requirem ents in cem ent m ortar m ay be effected by the finer fractions of p ozzolana
red u cing the particle friction in variou s sizes of sand grains.
0.3 There are d ifferent kind s of p ozzolanas u sed for d ifferent p u rp oses in
variou s constru ction w orks. In general,
p ozzolanas
im prove certain
p rop erties of concrete, su ch as w orkability, cohesiveness, im perm eability,
resistance to aggressive w aters and also assist in the red u ction of heat of
hyd ration and alkali-aggregate reactivity in hard ened concrete. The relative
im p ortance of each of these p rop erties w ill natu rally d ep end u p on the typ e
and natu re of constru ction.
In m ass concrete constru ction, for exam p le,
im p rovem ent in w orkability, red u ction of segregation and low heat of
hyd ration are relatively m ore im p ortant.
In hyd rau lic stru ctu res im perviousness is of very great im p ortance.
Resistance to attack by acid s and
su lp hate w aters is necessary in m arine constru ction in sew age d isposal w &s
and in laying road s over su lp hate bearing soils.
0.4 While the only p ozzolana w hich has been extensively u sed for centu ries
in this cou ntry is S UR KH I or bu rnt clay p ozzolana; the rapid ind ustrialization of the cou ntry is yield ing large qu antities of ind ustrial w astes, like
fly ash, coal ash, etc, w hich form ad d itional sou rces for p ozzolanas.
The
u se of fly ash as a p ozzolana is w ell established in a nu m ber of cou ntries
abroad , bu t it has com e in vogu e in Ind ia only recently.
Besid es thefe,
there are a large nu m ber of p ozzolanic clay d ep osits of stained and im p u re
kaolins, ferru ginou s or ocherou s earths, altered laterites and bau xites, certain
shales, etc, available in d ifferent p arts of the cou ntry, w hich yield highly
reactive p ozzolanic m aterials.
The Central Road Research
Institu te,
N ew Delhi have cond u cted an all Ind ia survey of p ozzolanic clay d ep osits
throu gh the length and bread th of the cou ntry and p rep ared d etailed rep ort
of su ch d ep osits in each State w ith su ggestions for the m od e of ind ustrial
u tilization of each of them . The Sectional Com m ittee has alread y p u blished IS : 1344-1959*, IS : 3812 ( Part I )-19667, IS : 3812 ( Part II )-19662
and IS: 3812 ( Part III )-19665.
This stand ard lays d ow n the m ethod s of
test for p ozzolanic m aterials w ith a view to provid ing a u niform basis for the
*Specification
tbpccification
$Sperification
fSpcci6cation

for SURKHI for use in mortar and concrete. ( Since revised 1.

for fly ash: Part 1 For use as pozzolana.
for fly ash: Part 11 For use as admixture for concrete.
for fly ash: Part III For use as fine aggregate for mortar and concrete.

rS :1 7 2 7 -1 9 6 7
assessment
materials.

of the propert&

and potentialities

of the different

p o z~o l a n i ~

0.5 The tests to be performed on any particular pozzolanic material.would

depend on the purpose for which it is to be used and it is not necessary that
all the tests should be performed on every pozzolatia.
0.5.1 Though considered desirable, the test for mortar bar expansion to
indicate reduction of alkali-aggregate reactivity has been omitted from this
standard for two reasons; namely, there are very few localities in India
where alkali-reactive aggregates would be encountered and the problem is
not so serious as it is in some other countries, and the mortar bar test repquires strictly controlled conditions whith are available only in a few laboratorics, and any lack of control might easily give misleading results.
0.6 In the formulation of this standard due weightage
has been given
to international co-ordination among the standards and practices prevaihng
in different countries in addition to relating it to the practices in the field
in this country.
0.7 This standard requires reference to the following Indian Standards:
IS : 196-1966 Specification
for atmospheric
conditions for testing
( reazsrd )
Specification
for ordinary, rapid-hardening
and low
*IS : 269-1958
hesqt Portland cement ( revised)
IS : 460- 1962 Spetification for test sieves ( revised)
IS : 516-1959
Methods of test for strength of concrete
IS : 650- 1 9 6 6 Specification for standard sand for testing of cement
(Jirst revision )
*IS : 712-1964
Specification for building limes ( rev ised )
IS : 1199-1959 Methods of sampling and analysis of concrete
IS : 1607- 1960 Methods for dry sieving
0.8 For the purpose of deciding whether a particular requirement of thii
standard is complied with, the final value, observed or calculated, expressing
_the result of a test or analysis, shall be rounded off in accordance
with
$IS : 2-1960*.
The number of significant places retained in the rounded
off value should be the same as that of the specified value in this standard.
1 . S COPE
1 .1 This standard

covers the following

tests for pozzolanic

a) Chemical analysis,
b) Fineness,
c) Soundness,
- ~Sice revis&.
,tRula for roundirlg off numerical valua ( r&red).
5

materials:

rs : 1727 - 1967
d)
e)
f)
g)
h)
j)
k)
m)

Setting tim e,
Lim e reactivity,
Com pressive strength,
Transverse strength,
Drying shrinkage,
Perm eability,
Red u ction in alkalinity
Specific gravity.

and silica release,

2. TERMIN OLOGY
2.1 For the p u rp ose of this stand ard ,
IS : 4305-1967* shall ap p ly.

and

the d efinition

of term s given in

3. TES T MATERlALS
3.1 Hy d ra te d Lim e - H yd rated lime for u se in the tests shall conform to
the requ irem ents for hyd rated fat lime ( Class C ) of IS : 712-1964t and also
to the follow ing ad d itional requ irem ents:
a) The calciu m com p ou nd present in lime calcu lated as calciu m oxid e
shall not be less than 90 p ercent by w eight of the ignited sam ple.
b) The resid ue on 212-m icron IS Sieve ( see IS : 460-1962$ ) shall not
be m ore than tw o p ercent by w eight.
for u se in the tests shall be ord inary cem ent con3.2 Cem ent -Cem ent
form ing to IS : 269-1958s.
3.3 Stand ard
Sand - Stand ard sand for u se in the tests shall conform to
IS : 650-196611.
4. TES T CON D ITION S
4.1 Te m p e ra tu re a n d Re la tiv e Hu m id ity - Unless otherw ise specified
the tem p eratu re range w ithin w hich physical tests m ay be carried ou t shou ld
be, as far as possible, 27 f 2C and the relative hu m id ity 65 f 5 p ercent
(see IS : 196-1966g ).
5. CH EMICAL

AN ALYS IS

5.1 Re a g e n ts
5.1.1 Q ualit y of Reagent s-Unless
otherw ise specified , p u re chem icals
and d istilled w ater (see IS : 1070-1960** ) shall be u sed in the test.
N OTE- Pure chemicals shall mean
affect the results of the analysis.

chemicals

that do not contain

impurities

*Glossary of terms relating to pozzolanas.

( Since revisc0
tSpecification for building likes ( rev ised ) .
SSpecification for test sieves ( rcuised ) .
&ecification
for ordinary, rapid-hardening
and low heat Portland cem ent ( &
Since revised ).
@pecification for standard sand for testing of cement (/;rst rw itio).
n
~ Specification for atmospheric conditions for tekting ( ret ied).
l *Specificat ion
fo rwater, distilled quaUty ( t ied ).

which

).

IS:1727-1963
,S.1.2The follow ing reagents and special solu tions are required :

a>Reagents

H yd rochloric acid
N itric acid
Su lp hu ric acid

-sp

gr 1.16

-sp
-sp

gr 1.42
gr 1.84

-sp
gr 1.7
Phosp horic acid ,
H yd roflu oric acid
- 40 p er cent
Am m oniu m hyd roxid e - sp gr 0.90
NOTE- The reagents shall be of the analytical reagent quality.

b)

4
4
4

f>

g)
h)
j>
4

Dilute solutions of reagents - Prepare the follow ing

d ilu ting the reagent w ith d istilled w ater:

solu tions by

H yd rochloric acid - 50 p ercent, 25 p ercent and one p ercent ( v/ v)

N itric acid - 3 p ercent ( v/ v)
Am m oniu m hyd roxid e - 50 p ercent ( v/ v)
Stannous chloride
solution-Dissolve
50 g of stannou s chlorid e
in 100 m l of hflrochloric &id and d ilu te to one litre. Keep a
few pieces of p u re m etallic tin in contact w ith the solu tion.
M ercuric chloride solu tion-Prep are
a satu rated solu tion by d issolving
5.6 g in 100 m l of w ater at room tem p eratu re.
M anganese sulphate solution - Dissolve 35 g of crystalline m anganese
su lp hate in 250 m l of d istilled w ater. Ad d 70 m l of p hosp horic
acid ( sp gr 1.7 ) and 65 m l of su lphu ric acid ( sp gr 1.84 ). Dilu te
to 500 m l.
Standurd potassium permanganate solution - Ap p roxim ately 0.05 N .
Dissolve abou t l-5 g of p otassiu m p erm anganate in one litre of
d istilled w ater. Allow to stand for a w eek; filter throu gh asbestos
m at and keep in a d ark place after stand ard izing it w ith p u re
sod iu m oxalate.
A mmonium nitrate solution - Dissolve 2 g of am m oniu m nitrate in
100 m l of w ater.
A mmonium oxalate solution - Dissolve 50 g of am m oniu m oxid e in
one litre of w ater. Also p rep are a d ilu te solu tion containing one
gram of salt p er litre.
A mmonium hydrogen phosphate solution - Dissolve 250 g of am m oniu m
hyd rogen p hosp hate in one litre of w ater.
Barium chloride solution - Dissolve 100 g of bariu m chlorid e in one
litre of w ater.

5.2 Preparation o fs a m p le fo r
An aly s is Abou t 1OOg ofthe representative sam ple shall be air-d ried and grou nd to pass 150-m icron IS Sieve.
The m aterial shall be stored in an air-tight bottle.
7

U[Ir1727-1967
53 LossonIgnition
5.3.1Ignite I.00 g of the air-d ried , finely grou nd sam ple in a p latinu m
crucible of 20 to 25 m l cap acity by placing it in a m u ffle fu rnace at
1000 f 25C to constant w eight ( for abou t 20 to 30 m inu tes ). Air shou ld
have free access to the sam ple to m aintain oxid izing cond itions.
Cool and
w eigh the crucible to 0.1 m g and check the loss in w eight by a second
heating for 5 m inu tes and rew eighing after cooling.
5.3.2 The p ercentage loss on ignition nearest to 0.1 shall be calcu lated
follow s:
Loss on ignition, p ercent = +-

as

x 100

w here
A = loss in w eight, and
B = w eight of m oistu re free sam ple u sed .
N ol~ -The significance of the determination of loss on ignition will vary according
to the nawrc of the sample.
The figure obtained
may include loss due to the
oxidation of any carbonaceous matter and gain due to the oxidation of any fcrrour iron
present.

5.4Silica
5.4.1Fu se one gram of the air-d ried , finely grou nd , sam ple w ith abou t
Raise
7 g of anhyd rou s sod iu m carbonate in a covered p latinu m crucible.
the tem p eratu re slow ly u ntil frothing ceases, then com p lete the fu sion at
1 000C for 30 m inu tes, occasionally sw irling the m elt to ensu re thorou gh
m ixing.
Qu ench the m elt by im m ersing the bottom half of the hot crucible
in cold w ater, then place the crucible and lid in abou t 100 m l of hot w ater
contained in a p latinu m or porcelain evap orating basin. Cover the basin
w ith a clock glass and ad d a few d rop s of absolu te alcohol. Then grad u ally
ad d 30 m l of hyd rochloric acid ( sp gr I.16 ). Warm u ntil the m elt is com pletely d isintegrated and rem ove the crucible and lid , w ashing them
thorou ghly and scru bbing them w ith a ru bber-tip p ed rod . Cru sh any lu m p s
rem aining in the solu tion.
5.4.2 Evap orate the solu tion, obtained from the fu sion, to d ryness breakWhen
ing u p from tim e to tim e the cru st that form s and hind er evap oration.
the resid ue is com p letely d ry, cover the basin w ith a clock glass and d rench
the resid ue w ith abou t 20 m l of hyd rochloric acid ( sp gr 1.16 ). Allow to
stand for a few m inu tes, then ad d abou t 75 m l of hot, w ater to d issolve the
salts. Digest on a steam -bath for 5 m inu tes, then filter throu gh an ashless
filter p ap er ( N o. 40 Whatm an p ap er or equivalent ). Transfer the silica
to the filter w ith a jet of. hot w ater; it is necessary to scru b the basin. Wash
the resid ue five tim es w ith hot d ilu te hyd rochloric acid ( one p ercent )
Reserve the resid ue
follow ed by hot w ater u ntil it is free from chlorid es.
8

rs rl7 2 7 -l!w
a n d pa per for t h e su bsequ en t ign it ion , a n d t r a n sfer t h e filt r a t e a n d wa sh in gs
ba ck t o t h e eva por a t in g ba sin .
5.43 Aga in eva por a t e com plet ely t o dr yn ess, cover t h e ba sin wit h a
clock gla ss a n d ba ke in a n a ir -oven for on e h ou r a t 11OC. Allow t o cool,
t h en dr en ch t h e r esidu e wit h a bou t 20 m l of h ydr och lor ic a cid ( sp gr l-16).
Allow t o st a n d for a few m in u t es, a dd a bou t 75 m l of h ot wa t er a n d digest
for 5 m in u t es on a st ea m -ba t h . F ilt er t h r ou gh a n ot h er a sh less filt er pa per
( No. 40 Wh a t m a n pa per or equ iva len t ) t r a n sfer r in g t h e r esidu e t o t h e
filt er wit h a jet of h ot wa t er a n d scr u bbin g t h e ba sin wit h a r u bber -t ipped
r od. Wa sh five t im es wit h h ot dilu t e h ydr och lor ic a cid ( on e per cen t ),
followed by h ot wa t er u n t il t h e r esidu e is fr ee fr om ch lor ides. Reser ve t h e
filt r a t e a n d wa sh in gs for t h e det er m in a t ion of fer r ic oxide a n d a lu m in a .
5.44 P la ce t h e t wo r esidu es a n d pa per s, wit h ou t dr yin g, in a weigh ed
pla t in u m cr u cible a n d h ea t ca u t iou sly t o dr y t h e r esidu e a n d ch a r t h e pa per s.
Th en bu r n off t h e ca r bon a n d fin a lly ign it e a t 1 100 t o 1 200C for 30
m in u t es a n d t h en t o con st a n t weigh t . Cool a n d weigh t o obt a in t h e weigh t
of im pu r e silica .
5.4.5 Moist en t h e weigh ed r esidu e wit h a few dr ops of dilu t e su lph u r ic
a cid ( 50 per cen t ) a n d a dd a bou t 10 m l of h ydr oflu or ic a cid. E va por a t e
slowly t o dr yn ess on a sa n d-ba t h ( or u n der a su it a ble r a dia n t h ea t er ) in a
fu m e-h ood. Ign it e t h e dr y r esidu e a t 1 050 t o 1 100C for five m in u t es, a llow
t h e cr u cible t o cool a n d weigh . Su bt r a ct t h e weigh t of t h is r esidu e fr om t h e
weigh t of im pu r e silica t o obt a in t h e a m ou n t of silica in t h e sa m ple t a ken .
If t h e r esidu e weigh s m or e t h a n 5 m g, r epea t t h e t r ea t m en t wit h h ydr oflu or ic
a n d r u lph u r ic a cids t o en su r e t h a t a ll t h e silica is r em oved.
NOTB -

For routine analysis,

treatment

with hydrolluoric

acid may be omitted.

5.4.5.1 To t h is a m ou n t of silica , a dd t h e a m ou n t of silica r ecover ed

fr om t h e r esidu e der ived fom t h e com bin ed pr ecipit a t es of a lu m in a a n d
fa r ic oxide a s in dica t ed in 55.4 a n d 5.6.1.
5.4.6 Add O-5 g of sodiu m or pot a ssiu m per su lph a t e t o t h e cr u cible a n d
t r ea t below r ed h ea t u n t il t h e sm a ll r esidu e or im pu r it ies a r e dissolved in
t h e m elt . Cool, dissolve t h e fu sed m a ss in wa t er , a dd it t o t h e filt r a t e a n d
wa sh in gs r eser ved for t h e det er m in a t ion of t h e com bin ed a lu m in a a n d
fer r ic oxide.
5.5 Com bin ed

F er r ic

Ox ide an d Alu m in a

5 .5 .1 To t h e solu t ion obt a in ed in 5.4.6 ( a ppr oxim a t ely 300 m l ) a dd 2

t o 3 g of solid a m m on iu m ch lor ide, wa r m t h e solu t ion t o a bou t 80% a n d
a dd dilu t ed a m m on ia solu t ion ( 50 per cen t ) wit h st ir r in g u n t il pr eciRen der t h e solu t ion ju st a lka lin e t o
pit a t ion a ppea r s t o be com plet e.
m et h yl r ed. Roil t h e a lka lin e solu t ion for t wo m in u t es, a llow t o stand for

five minutes for the precipitate to settle and filter through an ashlesa filter
paper ( N o. 41 Whatman paper or equivalent ). Transfer the precipitate
to the filter and w ash five times w ith hot faintly ammoniacal ammonium
nitrate solution ( one percent ). Reserve the i&ate and w ashings and
transfer the precipitate back to the precipitation beaker. Moisten the
paper w ith hot dilute hydrochloric acid ( 50 percent ) and w ash thoroughly
w ith w ater adding these w ashings to the precipitation beaker. Reserve
the paper for ignition. D issolve the residue in a slight excess of hydrochloric acid, add one gram solid ammonium chloride and dilute the solution
to about 300 ml w ith w ater. Repeat the precipitation as before and w hen
the precipitation is complete add some macerated filter-paper pulp or filter
accelerator and stir vigorously. Filter through another ashless filter paper
( N o. 41 Whatman paper or equivalent ) and w ash the precipitate free
from chlorides w ith hot faintly ammoniacal ammonium nitrate solution and
reserve the precipitate and paper for ignition.
5.5.2 Acidify the combined reserved filtrate w ith hydrochloric acid and
evaporate to about 150 ml. Make it just alkaline to methyl red w ith dilute
ammonia solution ( 50 percent ). Any precipitate should be filtered off,
reprecipitated, w ashed as before and reserved for ignition. Acidify the
solution or the filtrate and w ashings w ith hydrochloric acid and reserve for
the determination of lime and magnesia.
5.53 Place the precipitates and papers reserved for ignition in a w eighed
platinum crucible and heat, slow ly at first, to dry the precipitates and char
the papers. Burn off the carbon and finally ignite the residue at 1050 to
1 100C to constant w eight taking care to prevent reduction.
The w eight
of combined ferric oxide, alumina and titanium oxide ( together represented
as RsO, ) is thus obtained.
55.4 If silica is suspected to be carried into the filtrate used for this estimation, proceed as follow s:
Treat the residue in the crucible w ith a drop of w ater, about 5 ml
of hydrofluoric acid and a drop of sulphuric acid and evaporate
cautiously to dryness. Finally heat the crucible to 1 050 to 1 100%
for one or tw o minutes, cool and w eigh. The difference betw een
this w eight and the w eight previously obtained represents the
amount of residue silica. Subtract this amount from the w eight
of combined ferric oxide and alumina found in 5.5.3. Add the same
amount to the silica already determined in 5.4.5.
5.6

FerricOxide

5.6.1 A separate de termination of the f&c oxide is often not required

but w here called for shall be done as follow s:
I-&at the precipitate ( see N ote below ) obtained in 5.551 w ith
fused potassium or sodium pyrosulphate until solution is complete.
10

D issolve the fused materials in 50 ml of sulphuric acid ( 10 percent )

and evaporate to fumes. Cool, dilute w ith w ater, and filter off the
silica w ashing w ith hot w ater. Reserve the filtrate for the determination of ferric and titanium oxides. Ignite the silica in a
platinum crucible and w eigh. Treat to precipitate w ith 5 ml of
hydrofluoric acid and 2 to 3 drops of sulphuric acid. Evaporate
to dryness, ignite and w eigh. The loss in w eight represents extra
silica w hich should be added to that determined previously in
5.4.5 and also deducted from the w eight of the combined oxides,
R,O,, obtained in 5.5.3.
N crra - Instead of &sing directly in the platinum crucible in w hich the RIO,, w as
ignited, the precipitate may be brushed into a porcelain crucible and then fused w ith
p o t a s a i u m o r s o d i u m pyrcsulphate.
This avoids loss of platinum by the action of the
pyrcsulphate, and nq platinum ia present in the filtrate to interfere w ith the iron deter.
mination.

5.6.2 Evaporate the filtrate obtained in 5.6.1 to about 75 ml. Cool and
dilute to 100 ml in a volumetric flask. Add 25 ml of dilute hydrochloric
acid ( 50 percent ) and heat to boiling. Reduce the iron by adding stannous
chloride solution drop by drop from a pipette w ith con st a n t sw irling of the
beaker until the solution is colourless. Then add one drop in excess.
Cool quickly in running w ater, then add at one stroke 15 ml of saturated
mercuric chloride solution. Allow to stand for 3 minutes and then transfer
w ith the w ashing to a 1 000-ml beaker containing 300 ml of cold distilled
w ater and 25 ml of manganese sulphate solution. Titrate w ith standard
004 N potassium permaganate solution, added very slow ly w hile stirring
constantly, until a permanent pink end point is obtained, and calculate the
amount of ferric oxide present.
5.7 Uunina
- Subtract the w eight of ferric oxide calculated as in 5.6.2
and the small amount of silica found in 5.6.1 from the total w eight of oxides
found under 5.55.
The remainder is the w eight of alumina and of small
amounts of other oxides w hich may also be reported as alumina for purpose
of this analysis.
5.8 CaIeisun Osidt- To the filtrate from 5.5.1 reserved after determination of the combined ferric oxide and alumina, add one gram of ammonium
oxalate. Roil the solution, then add, w ith stirring, dilute ammonia solution
( 50 percent ) until the solution is alkaline, follow ed by an excess of 10 ml
ofdilute ammonia solution ( 50 percent 1. Cover the beaker w ith a clock
glass and digest on a w ater-bath for tw o hours. Allow to cool and stand,
preferably overnight, then filter through a filter paper ( N o. 42 Whatman
paper or equivalent ) and w ash the precipitate four times w ith cold
a m m ot i u m oxa l a t e solution ( one percent ). Reserve the filtrate and w ashings for the dete rmination of magnesia.. Wash the precipitate back into the
precipitation beaker. Moisten the filter paper w ith hot dilute nitric acid
( 50 percent ) and dilute the solution to about 80 ml. Add about Q2
of
solid ammonium oxalate, boil the solution and precipitate the calcium o xa& te
11

IS : 1727 - 1967
a s befor e. Allow t o cool a n d st a n d for a t lea st t h r ee h ou r s. F ilt er t h r ou gh
a filt er pa per ( No. 42 Wh a t m a n pa per or equ iva len t ) a n d wa sh t h e pr ecipit a t e t h or ou gh ly wit h cold a m m on iu m oxa la t e solu t ion ( on e per cen t ).
Com bin e t h e filt r a t e a n d wa sh in g wit h t h e solu t ion r eser ved for t h e m a gn esia
det er m in a t ion a n d a cidify wit h h ydr och lor ic a cid.
5.8.1 Ca r efu lly ign it e t h e pr ecipit a t e a n d pa per s in a weigh ed pla t in u m
cr u cible slowly a t fir st , t o bu r n off t h e ca r bon a n d fin a lly a t 1 100C for
15 m in u t es. Allow t o cool over a good desicca n t a s t h e ign it ed pr ecipit a t e
is ver y h ygr oscopic.
Weigh r a pidly t o obt a in t h e weigh t of ca lciu m oxide.
5.9 Ma g n e s ia - Acidify t h e filt r a t e set a side in 5.8 wit h h ydr och lor ic a cid
a n d con cen t r a t e t o a bou t 150 m l. Add t o t h is solu t ion a bou t 10 m l of
a m m on iu m h ydr ogen ph osph a t e ( 150 g/l ) a n d cool t h e solu t ion by pla cin g
in a bea ker of ice wa t er . Aft er coolin g, a dd a m m on iu m h ydr oxide dr op by
dr op wh ile st ir r in g con st a n t ly u n t il t h e cr yst a llin e m a gn esiu m a m m on iu m
ph osph a t e begin s t o for m , a n d t h en a dd t h e r ea gen t in m oder a t e excess
( 5 t o 10 per cen t of t h e volu m e of t h e solu t ion ), t h e st ir r in g bein g con t in u ed
for sever a l m in u t es. Set t h e solu t ion a side for a t lea st 16 h ou r s in a cool
a t m osph er e a n d t h en filt er u sin g filt er pa per ( No. 42 Wh a t m a n pa per or
equ iva len t ). Wa sh wit h a m m on iu m n it r a t e wa sh solu t ion . P la ce in a
weigh ed pla t in u m cr u cible, slowly ch a r t h e pa per a n d ca r efu lly bu r n off t h e
r esu lt in g ca r bon .
Ign it e t h e pr ecipit a t e a t 1 lOOC, t o con st a n t weigh t ,
t a kin g ca r e t o a void br in gin g t h e pyr oph osph a t e t o m elt in g. F r om t h e
weigh t of t h e m a gn esiu m pyr oph osph a t e obt a in ed, ca lcu la t e t h e m a gn esia
con t en t of t h e m a t er ia l t a ken for t est .
5.10 S u lp h a ric An h y d rid e - To on e gr a m of t h e sa m ple a dd 25 m l of
cold wa t er a n d, wh ile t h e m ixt u r e is bein g st ir r ed vigor ou sly, a dd 5 m l of
h ydr och lor ic a cid. If n ecessa r y, bea t t h e solu t ion a n d gr in d t h e m a t er ia l
wit h t h e fla t t en ed en d of a gla ss r od u n t il it is eviden t t h a t t h e decom posit ion
of t h e pozzola n a is com plet e.
Dilu t e t h e solu t ion t o 50 m l a n d digest for
15 m in u t es. F ilt er a n d wa sh t h e r esidu e t h or ou gh ly wit h h ot wa t er . Set
a side t h e filt er pa per wit h t h e r esidu e. Dilu t e t h e filt r a t e t o 250 m l a n d h ea t
t o boilin g. Add slowly, dr op by dr op, 10 m l of h ot ba r iu m ch lor ide solu t ion
a n d con t in u e t h e boilin g u n t il t h e pr ecipit a t e is well for m ed. Digest t h e
solu t ion on a st ca m ba t h for fou r h ou r s or pr efer a bly over n igh t .
F ilt er t h e
pr ecipit a t e wit h filt er pa per ( No. 42 Wh a t m a n pa per or equ iva len t ), wa sh ,
pla ce t h e pa per a n d con t en t s in a weigh ed pla t in u m or por cela in cr u cible,
a n d slowly in cin er a t e t h e pa per wit h ou t in fla m in g. Th en ign it e a t 800 t o
909X, cool in a desicca t or a n d weigh t h e ba r iu m su lph a t e. F r om t h e
weigh t of t h e ba r iu m su lph a t e obt a in ed, ca lcu la t e t h e su lph u r ic a n h ydr ide
con t en t of t h e m a t er ia l t a ken for t est .
.
5.11 D e te rm in a tio n o f S o lu ble S a lts - Weigh 25 g of t h e sa m ple a n d
t r a n sfer t o a 500~m l bea ker . Add 100 m l of cold dist illed wa t er a n d st ir t h e
con t en t s fr equ en t ly for t h r ee h ou r s. Deca n t t h r ou gh a filt er pa per ( No. 42
Wh a t m a n pa per or qu iva len t ) in t o a 500-m l gr a du a t ed Ila sk. Refilt er t h e
12

Isrrm-l!m
filtrate, if necessary,
Return the tilter paper to the beaker. Add 250 ml
Filter
of distilled water and continue the extraction for another 90 minutes.
and wash the material on the filter paper three times with cold distilled water.
Add the filtrate and washings to the first filtrate in the 500-ml. flask and
Shake the flask well and pipette
make up to the mark using distilled water.
out 200 ml to a weighed platinum dish ( or porcelain dish, glazed inside and
outside).
Evaporate to dryness, and heat to constant weight at 105 to
110C.
Calculate

the percentage weight of the soluble salts as below:

Soluble salts, percent = 10 w

where
w = weight in grams of the dried material.
5.11.1 If the soluble salt content is more than 0.2 percent, analyse it further
for sulphates, chlorides and nitrate in accordance with the relevant standard
methods of chemical analysis.
5.12 Re pro du c ibilit y o f Re s alt s - Make blank determinations on the
reagents for each constituent of the pozzolana and apply corrections, where
necessary.
In all cases, n&&e check determinations
and repeat if satisThe difference between check determinafactory checks are not obtained.
tions shall not exceed O-5 percent for silica and alumina and 0.2 percent
for the other constituents.
6. DETERMINATION

OF FINENESS

6.0 The fineness of pozzolana shall be determined by the procedure given

in 6.1 or 6.2 or by both depending upon the requirements of the specification.
6.1 De t e rm in at io n

o f S pe d&

S dac e

o f Po z z o lan a

6.1.1 Stops - This method of test covers the procedure for determining
by Blaine air permeability apparatus, the fineness of pozzolana as represented
by the specific surface expressed as total surface area in square ccntimetres
per gram of material.
6.1s

Applrratus

Blaine air permeability

apparatus
6.13.1 No&# of a@mttu -The
consists essentially of a means of drawing a definite quantity of air through a
The number and size of the pores in a
prepared bed of definite porosity.
prepared bed of cement of definite porosity is a function of the size of the
particles and determines the rate of air flow through the bed. The apparatus,
E;traa$
in Fig. 1, shall consist specifically of the parts described in 6.14.2
.
.
6.1.2.2 Permeabili&cdl - The permeability cell shall consist of a rigid
cylinder 12.7 f 1 mm in inside diameter, constructed of glass or non-corroding
13

IS t 1 7 2 7 - 1 9 6 7

COUPLING TO FIT
BOTTOM OF CELL

FLAT 3mm

WIDE

FILTER P*PER

COUPLING TO FIT
TOP OF MANOMGTER ) FE&>j
----

PERFORATED METAL DISC

WITH 30 To 60.1 mm d
HOLES EQUALLY DiSTRltiTE

ENLARGED DETAIL OF CELL AND PLUNGER

MANOMETER

All dimensions in millimctrcs.

FIG. 1

BWNE

AIR

PE RME ABILITYAPPARATUS

m et a l. Th e t op of t h e cell s h a ll b e a t r igh t a n gles t o t h e p r in cip a l a xis of

t h e cell. Th e b ot t om of t h e cell s h a ll for m a n a ir t igh t con n ect ion wit h t h e
t op ofjh e m a n om et er . A led ge 0 .5 t o 1 m m in wid t h s h a ll b e a n in t egr a l p a r t
t if t h e cell or iir m ly fixed in t h e cell 5 0 f 1 5 m m fr om t h e t op of t h e cell for
s u p p or t of t h e p er for a t ed m et a l d is k .
6 .1 .2 .3 Dis k - Th e d is k s h a ll b e con s t r u ct ed of n on -cor r od in g metal
a n d s h a ll b e 0 .9 f 0 .1 m m in t lp ick n es s ,p er for a t ed wit h 3 0 t o 4 0 h oles 1 m m
in d ia m et er equ a lly d is t r ib u t ed over it s a r ea . Th e d is k s h a ll fit t h e in s id e
of t h e cell s n u gly.
14

Is :1 7 2 7 9 l!J 6 7
6.1.2.4 Plungt r - The plunger shall fit into the cell w ith a clearance of
not more than 01 mm. The bottom of the plunger shall have sharp square
edges and shall be at right angles to the principal axis. An air vent shall
be provided either in the centre or on one side of the plunger. The top of
the plunger shall be provided w ith a collar such that w hen the plunger is
placed in the cell and the collar brought in contact w ith the top of the cell,
the distance betw een the bottom of the plunger and the top of the perforated
disk shall be 15-O f 1.0 mm.
6.1.2.5 Filter jm@r - The filter paper shall be medium retentive
The filter paper disks shall be
( corresponding to N o. 40 Whatman ).
circular, w ith smooth edges, and shah have the same diameter as the inside
of the w all. (Filter paper disks that are too small may leave part of the sample
adhering to the inner w all of the cell above the top disk. When too large in
diameter, the disks have tendency to buckle and cause erratic results. )
6.11.6
iM,,r+& - The U-tube manometer shall be ,constructed
according to the design indicated in Fig. 1, using nominal 9 mm outside
diameter, standard-w all glass tubing. The top of one arm of the manometer
shall fbrm an airtight connection w ith the permeability cell. The manometer arm connected to the permeability cell shall have a line etched around
the tube at 125 to 145 mm below the top of the side outlet and also others
at distances of 15, 70 and 110 mm above that line. A side outlet shall be
provided at 250 to 305 mm above the bottom of the manometer for use in
the evacuation of the manometer arm connected to the permeability cell.
A positive airtight valve o r clamp shall be provided on the side outlet not
more than 50 mm Tom the manometer arm. The manometer shall be
mounted fumly and in such a manner that the arms are vertical.
6.1.2.7 Marw mct er liquid-The
manometer shall be filled to the midpoint w ith a nonvolatile, nonhygroscopic liquid of low viscosity and density,
such as dibutylphthalate ( dibutyl 1, 2benzenedicarboxylate ) or a light
grade of mineral oil.
6.1.2.8 Timer - The timer shall have a positive starting and stopping
echamsm and shall be capable of being read to the nearest 0.5 second or
%.
The timer shall be accurate to @5 second or less for time intervals up to
60 seconds and to one percent or less for time intervals of 60 to 300 seconds.
6.19

CaMrarion of Appororur

6.1.3.1 Sam# ~%-The calibration of the air permeability apparatus

shall be made using N ational Bureau of Standards Standard Sample
N o. 114 or any other cement sample having specific surface equal to the
appropriate certificate value of N BS Standard Sample N o. 114. The sample
shall be at room temperature w hen tested.
.

N OTE- In the hence of N E3 Standard Sample N o. 114, sampler of Indian cementa

b8viq rpecificsurfice cquivdmt to N B!3 Standard SaunpleNo. 1i4 may be uaal; mxh
nmpla ma be obtainal from the ACC Central Rcaearcb station, Bamhy-m
Rad, P.O. Lgk IadustrialEstate, ( Tbuu ).

15

m 1 1 7 2 7 -1 9 6 7
6 .1 .3 .2 Bulk volumeof compactedbed of powder - The bulk volume of the
com pa ct ed bed of powder sh a ll be det er m in ed by t h e m er cu r y displa cem en t
m et h od a s follows:
P la ce t wo filt er pa per disks in t h e per m ea bilit y cell, pr essin g
down t h e edges wit h a r od sligh t ly sm a ller t h a n t h e cell dia m et er
u n t il t h e filt er disks a r e fla t on t h e per for a t ed m et a l disk; t h en
fill t h a cell wit h m er cu r y, r em ovin g a n y a ir bu bbles a dh er in g t o
t h e wa ll of t h e cell. Use t on gs wh en h a n dlin g t h e cell. If t h e
cell is m a de of m a t er ia l t h a t will a m a lga m a t e wit h m er cu r y, t h e
in t er ior of t h e cell sh a ll be pr ot ect ed by a ver y t h in film of oil
ju st pr ior t o a ddin g t h e m er cu r y. Level t h e m er cu r y wit h t h e
t op of t h e cell by pr essin g a sm a ll gla ss pla t e a ga in st t h e m er cu r y
su r fa ce u n t il t h e gla ss is flu sh wit h t h e su r fa ce of t h e m er cu r y.
Ch eck t h a t n o void or bu bble exist s bet ween t h e m er cu r y su r fa ce
a n d t h e gla ss pla t e.
Rem ove t h e m er cu r y fr om t h e cell, weigh a n d r ecor d t h e
weigh t of m er cu r y. Rem ove on e of t h e filt er disks fr om t h e cell.
Usin g a t r ia l qu a n t it y of 2.80 g of cem en t ( see Not e 1 ) com pr ess
t h e cem en t ( see Not e 2 ) in a ccor da n ce wit h 6.1.3.5, wit h on e
filt er disk a bove a n d on e below t h e sa m ple. F ill t h e spa ce
r em a in in g in t h e t op of t h e cell wit h m er cu r y, r em ove
en t r a pped a ir , a n d level off t h e t op a s befor e. Rem ove t h e
m er cu r y fr om t h e cell, weigh a u d r ecor d t h e weigh t of
m er cu r y.
Th e bu lk volu m e occu pied by t h e cem en t sh a ll be ca lcu la t ed
t o t h e n ea r est 0905 cm a s follows:
yL= Wll- W&
I)

. ..*...........(I)

wh er e

V = bu lk volu m e of cem en t in cm ;
W* = gr a m s of m er cu r y r equ ir ed t o fill cell, n o cem en t bein g in
cell;
=
g r a ms
of m er cu r y r equ ir ed t o fill t h e por t ion of t h e cell
wb
n ot occu pied by t h e pr epa r ed bed of cem en t in t h e cell;
and
D LI den sit y of m er cu r y a t t em per a t u r e of t est in g/cm *
( see Ta ble 1 ).
At lea st t wo det er m in a t ion s of bu lk volu m e of cem en t sh a ll be
m a de, u sin g sepa r a t e com pa ct ion s for ea ch det er m in a t ion .
Th e
bu lk volu m e va lu e u sed for su bsequ en t ca lcu la t ion s sh a ll be t h e
a ver a ge of t wo va lu es a gr eein g wit h in plu s or m in u s 0005 em s.
Th e t em per a t u r e in t h e vicin it y of t h e cell shall be noted and
recorded at the beginning and end of determination.
16

IS8172711967
It ir not nccusary to use the standard sample for the bulk volume
Non Idetermination.
NWX 2 -The
prepared bed of cement shall be firm. If too loose or if the cement
cannot be compressed to the d&red volume, adjust the trial quantity of cement used.

TABLE

DENSFlY

OF MERCURY,

VlSCOSlTY

AT GWEN TEMPERKMJRE

OF AlR (IS) AND

4;

( C&IUS6.1.3.2 )

ROOM

=-T?-

v-

DXNSITYOF

Am,

M X RCU RY

Ill=

PoLwd

0.000 178 8
OX@01798
OWI 180 8
OGOO1818
0.000 182 8
0.000 183 7
o*ooo 184 7
O.@O 185 7
o*OOo186 7
OTJOO
187 6

13.56
13.55
13.55
13.54
13.54
13.53
13.53
13.52
13.52
13.51

16
18
20
22
24
26
28
30
32
34

OF

It,

0*013 37
0.013 41
0.013 44
0.013 48
0.0 13 52
0.013 55
0.013 59
0.013 62
0.01366
0.013 69

*The density of the mercury shall be determined separately.

6 .1 .3 .3 Prejaration of sample -The

contents of a vial of the standard
cement sample shall he enclosed in a 125 gram jar and shaken vigorously for
2 minutes to fluff the cement and break up lumps or agglimerates.
6.1.3.4 Weight of sample -The
w eight of the standard sample used for
the calibration test shall be that required to produce a bed of cement having
a porosity of O-500 f 0905 and shall be calculated as follow s:
W=pV(l-c)

................................................... ( 2 )

w here
W = sample required in grams;
p = specific gravity of test sample ( for Portland cement, a
value of 3.15 shall be used ) ;
Y = bulk v&me of bed of cement in ems, as determined in
accordance w ith 6.1.3.2; and
e = desired porosity of bed of cement ( 0.500 f 0905 ).
6.135

Preparation of bed of ccmcnt -

The perforated diik shall be seated

on the ledge in the permeability cell. A filter paper disk shall be placed on
the metal disk and the edges pressed dow n w ith a rod slightly smaller than the
17

Is :1 7 2 7 -1 9 6 7
cell diameter.
A quantity of cement determined in accordance w ith 6.1.3.4
and w eighed to the nearest 0001 g shall be placed in the cell. The side of the
cell shall be tapped lightly in order to level the bed of cement. A filter paper
disk shall be placed on top of the cement and the cement compressed w ith the
plunger until the plunger collar is in contact w ith the top of the cell. The
plunger,shall then be removed slow ly. Use of fresh disks is required for each
determination.
6.1.3.6 Permeabili~ test - The permeability cell shall be attached to
the manometer tube, making certain that an airtight connection is obtained
( see N ote 1 ) and taking care not to jar or disturb the prepared bed of cement.
The air in the one arm of the manometer U-tube shall be slow ly
evacuated until the liquid reaches the top mark, and the valve shall then be
closed tightly. The timer shall be started as the bottom of the meniscus of
the manometer liquid reaches the second ( next to the top ) mark and shall
be stopped as the bottom of meniscus of liquid reaches the third ( next
to the bottom ) mark. The time interval measured shall be noted and
recorded in seconds. The temperature of test shall be noted and recorded
in degrees centigrade.
In the calibration of the instrument, at least three determinations of
the time of flow shall be made on each of three separately prepared beds of
the standard sample ( see N ote 2 ). The calibration shall be made by
the same operator w ho makes the fineness determination.
N on
1 - If a rubber stopper is used for the connection, it should be moistened w ith
w ater; if a standard-taper joint is used, a little stopcock grease should be applied. The
efficiency of the connection may be determined by inserting stopper at the top of the
cell attached to the manometer and then partially evacuating the one arm of the manometer; then closing the valve. Any continuous drop in pressure indicatm a leak in the
system.
N OTE 2 - Tbc sample may be refluffed and reuxxl for preparation of the teat bed,
provided that it is kept dry and all tests are made w ithin 4 hours of the opening
of the sample.

6 .1 .3 .7 Re-calibration - The apparatus shall be re-calibrated ( SCG

N ote )
at periodic intervals to check:
a) for possible w ear on plunger or permeability cell,
b) if any loss in manometer fluid occtus, and
c) if a change is made in the type or quality of the filter paper used for
the test.
is suggested that a secondary sample be prepared and umd as a linenas
N oTE -It
standard for the check determinations of the instrument betw een regular calibrations
w ith the standard cement sample.

6.1 A Procedure
6.1.4.1 Tempraturt of tht test sample room temperature w hen tested.
18

The pozzolana sample shall be at

ISr1727-1967
6.1.41 S&e of test sam&?e- The w eight of the pozzolana sample used for
the test shall be adjusted so that a firm, hard bed is produced in the cell by
compaction process.
6.1.4.3 Preparation of the bed of test sample - The test bed of pozzolana
sample shahbe prepared in accordance w ith the method described in 6.1.3.5.
6.1.4.4 Permeability test -The
permeability test shall be made in
accordance w ith the method described in 6.1.3.6 except that only one time of
f l o w determination need be made on one prepared bed of pozzolana.
6.1.5 Cakulations - Calculation of specific surface values shall be made
according to the follow ing formulae:
8s

S=

P(l --4dqwT8
8 PI ( 1 --G,) l/&d&d/
dqdZd/,
P (1 -8)

............ ... .............. ......

.....

(a)

(4)

..I......................

w here
S = specifk surface in cm2/g of the test sample;
s, = specific surface in cm/g of the standard sample used in
calibration of the apparatus;
PI = specific gravity of standard sample used in calibration of

apparatus ( assumed to be 3.15 ) ;

e, = porosity of prepared bed of standard

calibration of apparatus;
e

sample used in

= porosity of prepared bed of test sample;

7 = measured time interval, in seconds, of manometer drop

for test sample;
P = specific gravity of test sample ( for Portland cement value

of 3.15 shall be used );

T, = measured time interval in seconds of -nometer
drop for
standard sample used in calibration of the apparatus;
*, = viscosity of air in poises at the temperature of test of the
standard sample used in calibration of the apparatus; and
u k viscosity of air in poises at the temperature of test of the
test sample.
N ATE 1 -Values
respectively.

for t/7;-

aud

t/T

may

be

taken

from

Tables

aud

N ATE 2 -F+ation
3 shall. be used w hen tbe temperature of test and of the test
sample is w ithin *3X
of the temperature of calibration teat of the standard fineness
sample, and quation 4 shall be used if the temperature of tats is outside this range.

19

Is t l7 2 7 -1 %7

TABLE 2 VALUES FOR POROSITY OF CEMENT BED

(C&u 6.1.5)

o-495

O-348

0.496
o-497
O-498
0.499

o-349
od50
Oa52
O-353

0400

0354

O?iOl

0-w

o-502
o-503
O-504

O-356
o-357
O-358

O-505

0459

O-506
O-507
0.508
o-509
o-510

O-360
o-361
O-362
OS3
O-364

O-525
O-526
O-527
O-528
o-529

0*380
O-381
O-383
o-384
O-385

0.530
o-531
o-532
O-533
o-534
o-535

o-386
o-387
o-388
&389
oa90
O-391

20

6.1.6 R&s ts - A r et est sh a ll con sist of t wo det er m in a t ion s m a de a s

pr escr ibed in 6.1.4 a n d 6.1.5, u sin g a fr esh ly pr epa r ed t est bed of t h e sa m ple
for ea ch det qm in a t ion .
Ca r e sh a ll be exer cised in t h e pr epa r a t ion of t h e
t est beds, a n d pr eca u t ion s sh a ll be t a ken t o en su r e a n a ir t igh t con n ect ion
bet ween t h e per m ea bilit y cell a n d t h e m a n om et er a r m . Th e fin en ess va lu e
r epor t ed sh a ll be t h e a ver a ge of t h e va lu es ca lcu la t ed fr om r et est det er m in a t ion s a gr eein g wit h in 2 per cen t of ea ch ot h er .
NOTK-If
tats are done at 8 other than @5, the actual rosity
reported a&n with finenas value, since it is known that the in xated
ehangw with ht e decrease or increase ot the value of e.

6.2 D e te rm h u d o n

value shall be
value for fineness

o f F in e n e s s by S ie v in g

62.1 Sco#c- Th is m et h od of t est cover s t h e pr ocedu r e for det er m in in g

t h e fin en ess of pa r t icles by a sieve a n a lysis.
62.2
u sed:

Ap~a m t u s3OOm icr on

15O-m icr on
lim icr on
45m icr on

F ollowin g sieves con for m in g t o IS : 460-1962* sh a ll be

IS
IS
IS
IS

Sieve
Sieve
Sieve
Sieve

F or
F or
F or
F or

dr y
dr y
wet
wet

sievin g
sievin g
sievin g
sievin g

NOTE- Where the requirements

in the individual
specification
for a pouolanic
material d&r from the proviaionr o f t h i s c l a u a c , the former shall prevail.

6.2.3 P@amtion of Saqlu - A r epr esen t a t ive sa m ple sh a ll be t a ken iu

a ccor da n ce wit h t h e sa m plin g pr ocedu r e given in t h e r espect ive specilica t ion
for t h e m a t er ia l, a n d sh a ll be t h or ou gh ly m ixed. Th e weigh t of t h e
r epr esen t a t ive sa m ple sh a ll n ot be less t h a n 200 g. Th e sa m ple for sievin g
sh a ll be pr epa r ed fr om t h e la bor a t or y sa m ples a s descr ibed in IS : 1607-196Ot .
6.2.4 Dr yin g St ig
-Th e
sa m ple sh a ll be pa ssed su ccessively t h r ou gh
3@0-m icr on IS Sieve a n d GO-m icr on IS Sieve, st a r t in g wit h t h e la r gest .
Sievin g sh a ll be don e a n d t h e r esu lt s r epor t ed in a ccor da n ce wit h IS : X07196ot .
6.223 Wet St in g - Sepa r a t e det er m in a t ion ssh a ll be m a de for t h e per cen t a ge of m a t er ia l pa ssin g 75m icr on IS Sieve a n d 45-m icr on IS Sieve by wet
sievin g.
6.2.5.1 P la ce 100 g of t h e m a t er ia l over ea ch of t h e
t h e m a t er ia l wit h a jet of wa t er a n d keep it well a git a t ed.
con t in u e t ill t h e wa sh in gs a ppea r n o m or e t u r bid. Dr y
r esidu e in a n oven . Br u sh t h e r esidu e Cor n t h e sieve a ft er
on a ba la n c e s e n s itiv et o 01 per cen t of t h e weigh t oft h e

21

t wo sieves. Wa sh
Th e wa sh in g sh a ll
t h e sieve a n d t h e
dr yin g, a n d weigh
t est sa m ple. Th e

Is:1727-1987
percentage of mai;erial passing each sieve on w et sieving shal1 be reported
the nearest 0.1 percent by w eight of the test sample.
7. D ETERMIN ATION

to

OF SOUN D N ESS

7.0 Either of the methods given in 7.1 and 7.2 may be used for determining
soundness of pozzolanic test mixtures.
7.1 6 Le Chatelier
MethodThe
test
shall be done as specified in
IS : 4031-1968*
Methcds of Physical Tests for HydraulicCement
except
that in place of cement, a mixture of pozzolana and cement in the proportion 0.2 Jv: O-8 by w eight, blended intimately shall be used:
w here
Jv _ Specific gravity of pozzolana
Specific gravity of cement
7.2 Autoclave
Test -The
test shall be done as specified inIS : 4031except that a mixture of pozzolana and cement in the proportion as
1968*
indicated in 7.1 shall be used in place of cement.
7.2.1 When determining
soundness by this method, not less than
specimens shall be tested at a time for arriving at an average result.
8. D ETERMIN ATION

OF IN ITIAL

AN D

FIN AL

SETTIN G

six

TIME

8.1 The test for initial and final setting time of pozzolana w ith lime and
cement shall be done in accordance
w ith the requirements
of IS : 4031except that a mixture of pozzolana and cement in the proportion as
1968*
The
indicated
in 7.1 shall be used in place of cement for making the paste.
determination
of
standard
consistency
shall also
be carried out
in
using the mixture of
pozzolana and
accordance
w ith
IS : 4031-1968*
cements in the proportion as indicated in 7.1 instead of cement for making
the paste.
9. D ETERMIN ATION

OF LIMEREACTIVITY

9.1 Scope - This method of test covers the procedure for determining the
reactivity of the pozzolanic material w ith hydrated lime, as represented by
compressive strength of standard mortar test cubes prepared and tested
under specific conditions.
9.2

Size and N umber

9.2.1

of Test

Specimens

The tests specimen shall be 50-mm

*Methods of p h ys ica l t es t s for hydraulic cement.

22

cubes.

IS : 1 7 2 7 - 1 9 6 7
9 .2 .2 Unless otherw ise specified in the relevant specification for the
p ozzolana, three or m ore specim ens shall be m ad e for each period of test
specified .
9.3 Apparat u s
9 3 .1 Cube Moulds - Mou ld s for the 50-m m cu be specim ens shall be of
m etal not attacked by cem ent-p ozzolana or lim e-p ozzolana m ortar and there
shall be su fficient strength and stifbness to prevent spread in.g and w rap p ing.
The m ou ld s shall be rigid ly constru cted in su ch a m anner as to facilitate the
rem oval of the m ou ld ed specim en w ithou t d am age. The m ou ld s shall be
m achined so that w hen assem bled read y for u se the d im ensions and internal
faces shall be accu rate to the follow ing lim its:
The height of the m ou ld s and the d istance betw een the op p osite
faces shall be 50 & O-1 m m for new m ou ld s, and 50 f O-5 m
for
m ou ld s in u se. The angle betw een ad jacent interior faces an Anbetw een interior faces and top and bottom planes of the m ou ld shall
be 90 & O-5, d egrees. The interior faces of the m ou ld s shall be
plane su rfaces w ith a permissible variation of 0.02 m m for new
m ou ld s and 0.05 m m for m ou ld s in u se.
Each m ou ld shall be
provid ed w ith a base p late having a plane su rface m achined to a
tolerance of O-1 m m and m ad e of non-absorbent and non-corrod able
m aterial.
The base p late shall be of su ch d im ensions as to su p p ort
the m ou ld d u ring the filling w ithou t leakage.
9.3.2 Mix&g Apparatus - This shall have com p onents and accessories as
d escribed in 9 .3 .2 .1 to 9.3.2.4.
9 .3 .2 .1 Mixer - The m ixer shall be an electrically d riven m echanical
m ixer of the epicyclic typ e, w hich im p arts both a p lanetary and a revolving
m otion to the m ixer pad d le. The m ixer shall have at least tw o speed s,
controlled by d efinite m echanical m eans.
( Rheostat ad ju stm ent of speed
shall not be accep table. ) The first or slow speed shall revolve the pad d le at
a rate of 140 f 5 rev/ m in, w ith a p lanetary m otion of ap p roxim ately 62
rcv/ m in. The second speed shall revolve the pad d le at a rate of 285 f 10
rev/ m in, w ith a p lanetary m otion of ap p roxim ately 125 rev/ m in. The
electric m otor shall have a p ow er of abou t 150 W. The m ixer shall be
capable of ad ju stm ent so that w hen the bow l is in the m ixing p osition the
clearance betw een the low er end of the pad d le and the bottom of the bow l
shall be ap p roxim ately 2.5 m m bu t not less than the ap p roxim ate d iam eter
of a grain of the stand ard sand ( see 3.3 ).
9.3.2.2 Paddle - The pad d le shall be read ily rem ovable, m ad e of stainless steel, and shall conform to the basic d esign show n in Fig. 2. The
d im ensions of the pad d le shall be su ch that w hen it is in the m ixing p osition
the pad d le ou tline conform s to the contou r of the bow l u sed w ith the m ixer,
and the clearance betw een corresp ond ing p oints on the ed ge of the pad d le
23

IS t 1 7 2 7- 1 9 6 7

All dimsions

F IG.

in milljmetre.
P AD D LE

a n d t h e side of t h e bowl in t h e posit ion of closest a ppr oa ch

a ppr oxim a t ely 4 m m bu t n ot less t h a n O-85 m m .

sh a ll be

$31.3
M ixing bowl - Th e m ixin g bowl sh a ll be r em ova ble a n d sh a ll
h a ve.a n om in a l ca pa cit y of a bou t six lit r es. It sh a ll be of t h e general shape

24

Is t 1 7 2 7 -1 9 6 7
sh own in F ig. 3. It sh a ll com ply wit h t h e lim it in g dim en sion s sh own in
F ig. 2 a n d sh a ll be m a de of st a in less st eel. Th e bowl sh a ll be so equ ipped
t h a t it will be posit ively h eld in t h e m ixin g a ppa r a t u s in a fixed posit ion
It sh a ll be pr ovided wit h a lid m a de of n on du r in g t h e m ixi?g pr ocedu r e.
a bsor bin g m a t e4
a n d n ot a t t a cked by t h e pozzola n ic m ixt u r e.
4

200 DIA

3%

1
__ __ ____ -_____

----------------

-SACK BOWL
PIN ASSV

&+_-d

All dimenaiona

F IG. 3

in millimctres.

MIXING BOWL

9.3.2.4 Scra pn - Th e scr a per sh a ll con sist of a sem i-r igid r u bber bla de
a t t a ch ed t o a h a n dle a bou t 150 m m lon g. Th e bla de sh a ll be a bou t 75 m m
lon g, 50 m m wide, a n d t a per ed t o a t h in edge a bou t 1.5 m m t h ick.
93.3 FLOW Tab& and Acce.wric~ - Th e flow t a ble a n d a ccessor ies sh a ll
con for m t o t h e r equ ir em en t s given in IS : 5512-1969*.
*Flow table for use in tests of hydraulic

cement

25

and pozzolanic

materials.

Is :1727-1967
93.4 Tamping Rod - The tamping rod shall be made of a non-absorptive,
non-abrasive, non-brittle material, such as a rubber compound having a
Shore A durometer hardness of 80 f 10 or seasoned teak w ood rendered
non-absorptive by immersion for 15 minutes in paraffin at approximately
2OOC, and shall have a cross-section of 12 x 25 mm and a convenient
length ( 125 x 150 mm ). The tamping face shall be flat and at right
angles to the length of the tamping rod.
9.3.5 Troroel- This shall have a steel blade 100 to 150 mm in length
w ith straight edge.
9.4 P re p a ra tio n o f Mo u Id s - The interior faces of the specimen moulds
shall be thinly covered w ith mineral oil or light cup grease. After assembling
the moulds, excessive oil or grease shall be removed from the interior faces
and the top and bottom surfaces of each mould. Moulds shall then be set
on plane, non-absorbent base plates that have been thinly coated w ith mineral
oil, or light cup grease.
9.5 P re p a ra tio n o f Mo rta r
9.5.1 Clean appliances shall be used for mixing. The temperature of the
w ater and that of the test room at the time w hen the mixing operation is
being performed shall be from 27 f 2C ( see IS : 196-1966: ).
9.5.2 The dry materials of the standard test mortar shall be lime:
pozzolana : standard sand in proportion 1: 2iU: 9 by w eight blended
intimately:
w here
Specific gravity of pozzolana
Specific gravity of lime
The amount of w ater for gauging shall be equal to that required
to give a flow of 70 f 5 percent w ith 10 drops in 6 seconds as
determined in 9.5.3.
M=

9.5.2.1 The follow ing quantities of materials are suggested for preparation of mortar:
150 g
300 x Mg
1350 g
These quantities
according to 9.6.
9.5.3

Hydrated lime
Pozzolana
Standard sand
w ill suffice for preparing six

test

specimens

Determination of Flow

9.5.3.1 Trial mixing - With dry material as specified in 9.5.2 make

trial mortars w ith different percentages of w ater until specified flow is
*Specification for atmospheric conditiotu for testing ( f&d).

26

IS : 1 7 2 7 - 1 9 6 7
obtained. Make each trial w ith fresh mortar.
The mixing shall be done
mechanically by means of mixing apparatus asdescribed in 9.9.2.
Place the
dry paddle and the dry bow l in the mixing position in the mixer. Then
introduce the materials for batch into the bow l and mix in the follow ing.
manner:
a) Place all the mixing w ater in the bow i.
b) Add the pozzolanic mixture to the w ater, then start the mixer and
mix at the slow speed ( 149 f 5 rev/min ) for 30 seconds.
c) Add the entire quantity of sand slow ly over a period of 30 seconds,
w hile mixing at slow speed.
d) Stop the mixer, change to medium speed ( 285 f 10 rev/min ),
and mix for 30 seconds.
e) Stop the mixer, and let the mortar stand for one and a half minutes.
D uring the first 15 seconds of this interval, quickly scrape dow n into
the batch any mortar that may have collected on the side of the bow l,
then for the remainder of this iuterval, cover the bow l w ith the lid.
f) Finish by mixing for one minute at medium speed ( 285 f 10
rev jm in ) .
g) In any case requiring a remixing interval, any mortar adhering to
the side of the bow l shall be quickly scraped dow n into a batch w ith
the scraper prior to remixing.
Upon the completion of mixing the mixing
shaken to remove excess mortar into the mixing bow l.

paddle

shall be

9.5.3.2 Carefully w ipe the flow -table top clean and dry and place the
mould at the centre. Place a layer of mortar mixed in accordance
w ith 9 .5 .3 .1 about 25 mm in thickness in the mould and tamp 20 times w ith
the tamping rod. The tamping pressure shall be first sufficient to ensure
uniform filling of the mould. Then fill the mould w ith mortar and tamp as
specified for the first layer. Cut off the mortar to a plane surface flush w ith
the top of the mould by draw ing the straight edge of a trow el ( held nearly
perpendicular to the mould ) w ith a saw ing motion across the top of the
mould. Wipe the table top clean and dry, particularly taking care to remove
any w ater from around the edge of the flow mould. Lift the mould aw ay
from the mortar one minute after completing the mixing operation. Immediately drop the table through a height of 12.5 mm, ten times in six
seconds.
The flow is the resulting increase in average base diameter of the
mortar mass, measured on at least four diameters at approximately equispaced intervals expressed as a percentage of the original base diameter.
9.5.4 The materials for each batch of moulds shall be mixed separately
using the quantities of dry materials, conforming to the proportions specified
in 9.!%2 and the quantity of w ater as determined in 9.5.3.
Mixing of mortar
shall be done mechanically as described in 9 3 3 .1 .
27

IS r1 7 2 7 -1 9 6 7
9 .6 MonIding

Te s t Spe c im e n s - Immediately follow ing the preparation

of the mortar in accordance w ith 9.5.4 place the mortar in a 5 0 -m m c u be
mould in a layer of about 25 mm thickness and tamp 25 times w ith the
tamping rod. The tamping shall be just sufficient to ensure uniform filling
of the mould. Then fill the mould to overflow and tamp as specified for the
first layer. On the completion of the tamping, the tops of all cubes shall
extend slightly above the tops of the moulds. Cut off thc.mortar to a plane
surface flush w ith the top of the mould by draw ing the straight edge
of a trow el ( held nearly perpendicular to the mould ) w ith a saw ing motion
across the top of the mould.

9.7 St o rage an d Curin g o f Spe c im e n s - Cover the surface of the specimen in the mould w ith a smooth and greased glass plate. Keep the specimens w ith the moulds along w ith the cover plates under w et gunny bags
for 48 hours. Then remove the specimens from the moulds and cure at
90 to 100 percent relative humidity at 50 f2C for a period of eight days.
Samples shall not be cured under w ater.
N OTE -Th i s
may be achieved by keeping the specimens in a one litrc capacity wide
mouth jar with screwed lid over a galvanized iron sheet platform placed at the bottom
of the jar.
The platform is covered with a piece of paper.
Water is kept to a depth of
about IO mm at the bottom? below the level of the platform.
After placing the spccimen and fitting the lid, thc~ar is scaled with insulation tape and kept in an incubt~
adjusted for 50 f PC for eight days.

9.8 Pro c e du re
o f Te s t -Re m o ve
the specimens after curing for eight
days in the incubator as described above and test for compressive strength
after they reach the room temperature.
Test not less than three cubes.
The cubes shall be tested on their sides w ithout any packing betw een the
cube and steel platens on the testing machine.
One of the platens-shall be
carried on a hall and shall be self-adjusting, and the load shall be steadily
and uniformly applied, starting from zero and at a rate of 35 kgfcma/min.
9.9 GaIeuIation -Calculate
the compressive strength from the crushing
load and the average area over w hich the load is applied. Express the result
nearest to 1 kg/cm*.
9 .1 0 FauIty

Cubes and Retests - Cubes that are manifestly faulty or

that give strengths differing by more than 15 percent from the average value
of alltest specimens, made from the same sample and tested at the same
period, shall not be considered in determining the compressive strength.
After discarding such cubes, if less than tw o strength test values are left for
determining the compressive stength at any given period, a retest shall be
made.
10. D ETZRMIN ATION
OF
PO Z ZOLAN A-CEMEN T

COMPRZSSIVE
.MORTAR

STRZN GTH

OF

1 0 .1 Sc o pe Th ii method of test covers the procedure for determining the

compressive strength of pozzolana mortar as obtained in standard mortar
test cubes prepared and tested under specified conditions.

28

Is r1 7 2 7 -1 9 6 7
1 0 2 s iz e o f s pe dm e n s

-Th e

test specimens shall be 50 mm cubes.

1 0 .3 Apparat u s -Th e
cube moulds, mixing apparatus, flow table, tamping
rod and trow el shall be the same as specified in 9.9.
10.4 Pre parat io n o f Moulds manner as described in 9.4.
105

Preparation

The moulds shall be prepared in the same

of Mo rt ar

103.1 Clean appliances shall be used for mixing and the temperature
of the w ater and that of the test room at the time w hen the mixing operation
is being performed shall be 27 f 2C ( see IS : 196-1966* ).
105.2 The dry materials for the standard test mortar shall be pozzolana :
cement : standard sand in proportion @2 N: O-8 : 3 by weight, blended
intimately,
where
.N=

Specific gravity of pozzolana

Specific gravity of cement

The amount of water for gauging shall be equal to that required to

give a flow of 105 f 5 percent with 25 drops in 15 seconds as determined
in 9LL3.
105.2.1 The following quantities of materials are suggested for preparation of the mortar:
Pozzolana
1OOxJvg
Cement
4QOg
1500 g
Standard sand
These quantities
ing to 10.6.

will suffice for preparing six test specimens

accord-

1 0 5 .3 Th e materials for each batch of mot&b shall be mixed separately

using the quantities of dry materials, conforming to the proportions given
in 103.2 and the quantity of w ater as determined in accordance w ith the
procedure given in 9.!53 to give a %ow of 105 f 5 percent w ith 25 drops in
15 seconds. Mixing of mortar shall be done mechanically as described
in 953.1.
10.6 Mo aldin g Te s t S pe dm e n s - Immediately after mixing the mortar
in accordance w ith 9J.9,
place the mortar in 50-mm cube moulds and
prepare test cubes in accordance w ith the method as given under 9.6.
10.7 Storage and Curing of S~acimena - Keep the cubes at a temperature of 27 f 2C in an atmosphere of at least 90 percent relative humidity
rspccz~tion for rtnlorpheric coaditionrfor tatiag ( fa/f# $).
29

I8 : 1 7 2 7 - 1 9 6 7
for 2 4 h ou r s a ft er com p let ion of com p a ct ion . At t h e en d of t h a t p er iod ,
r em ove t h em fr om t h e m ou ld s a n d im m ed ia t ely s u b m er ge in clea n fr es h
wa t er a n d k eep t h er e u n t il t a k en ou t ju s t p r ior t o b r ea k in g. Th e wa t er
in wh ich t h e cu b es a r e s u b m er ged s h a ll b e r en ewed ever y s even t h
d a y a n d s h a ll b e m a in t a in ed a t a t em p er a t u r e of 2 7 & 2 C. Aft er t h ey
h a ve b een t a k en ou t a n d u n t il t h ey a r e b r ok en , t h e cu b es s h a ll n ot b e a llowed
t o b ecom e d r y.
1 0 .8 Pro c e du re o f Te s t
1 0 .8 .1 Tes t n ot les s t h a n
of t h e p er iod s of 7 , 2 8 a n d
com p let ion of com p a ct ion .
of t h e s t r en gt h s of t h e t h r ee

t h r ee cu b es for com p r es s ive s t r en gt h for ea ch

9 0 d a ys , t h e p er iod s b ein g r eck on ed fr om t h e
Th e com p r es s ive s t r en gt h s h a ll b e t h e a ver a ge
cu b es for ea ch p er iod r es p ect ively.

1 0 .8 .2 Th e cu b es s h a ll b e t es t ed on t h eir s id es wit h ou t a n y p a ck in g
b et ween t h e cu b e a n d t h e s t eel p la t en s of t h e t es t in g m a ch in e. On e of t h e
p la t en s s h a ll b e ca r r ied on a b a s e a n d s h a ll b e s elf-a d ju s t in g, a n d t h e loa d s h a ll
b e s t ea d ily a n d u n ifor m ly a p p lied , s t a r t in g fr om zer o a t a r a t e of
1 4 0 k g/ cm s / m in .
1 0 .9 Ca lcu la t ion - Ca lcu la t e t h e com p r es s ive s t r en gt h fr om t h e cr u s h in g
loa d a n d t h e a ver a ge a r ea over wh ich t h e loa d is a p p lied . E xp r es s t h e
r es u lt n ea r es t t o 1 k gjcm s .
1 0 .1 0 Fau lt y Cu be s an d Re t e s t s - Cu b es t h a t a r e m a n ifes t ly fa u lt y or
t h a t give s t r en gt h s d ifTer m g b y m or e t h a n 1 5 p er cen t fr om t h e a ver a ge va lu e
of a ll t es t s p ecim en s , m a d e fr om t h e s a m e s a m p le a n d t es t ed a t t h e s a m e
p er iod , s h a ll n ot b e con s id er ed in d et er m in in g t h e com p r es s ive s t r en gt h .
Aft er d is ca r d in g s u ch cu b es , if les s t h a n t wo s t r en gt h t es t va lu es a r e left for
d et er m in in g t h e com p r es s ive s t r en gt h a t a n y given p er iod , a r et es t s h a ll
b e m a d e.
1 0 .1 1 Co rre s Fo n din g Te s t o n Plain Ce m e n t s Iu rd Mo rt ar Cu be s For t h e p u r p os e of com p a r is on , s im ila r t es t s wit h cu b es fr om m or t a r con t a in in g n o p ozzola n a s h a ll b e ca r r ied ou t a s follows :
Not les s t h a n t h r ee m or t a r cu b es s h a ll b e p r ep a r ed ou t of a m ix
wit h on e p a r t of or d in a r y Por t la n d cement used in t h is t es t a n d t h r ee
p a r t s of s t a n d a r d s a n d , s t or ed a n d t es t ed in t h e s a m e m a n n er . a s
d es cr ib ed in 1 0 .5 t o 1 0 .9 a n d t h eir a ver a ge s t r en gt h ca lcu la t ed .
1 1 . DETERMINATION
OF
PO Z ZOLANA-CEMFNr

TRANS VER!3 E
MORTAR

S TRENGTH

OF

THE

1 1 .1 8 c o pe -Th is
m et h od of t es t cover s t h e p r oced u r e for d et er m in in g
t h e t r a n s ver s e s t r en gt h of t h e p ozzola n a m or t a r s a s ob t a in ed on s t a n d a r d
r ect a n gu la r s p ecim en s p r qa r ed
a n d t es t ed u n d er a p e&led con d it ion s .

IS : 1 7 2 7 - 1 9 6 7
1 1 .2 Apparat u s
1 1 .2 .1 Miring
specified in 9.3.2.

Apflaratus -

The

mixing

apparatus

shall be same

as

11.2.2 Joltang A@aratus -A

typical design of the jolting apparatus is
show n in Fig. 4. The apparatus shall consist essentially of a rectangular
table rigidly connected by tw o light arms to a spindle at a horizontal distance
of 800 mm from the centre of the table. The table shall incorporate on its
low er face a projecting lug w ith a plane face, beneath w hich is a small stop
w ith a rounded upper surface. When the projecting lug rests on the stop,
its plane face and that of the table shall be horizontal. There shall be provided a cam made of hard or case-hardened steel, by means of w hich the
table can be raised and then allow ed to fall freely from a height of 15 mm
before the lug strikes the stop.
11.2.2.1 The cam shall be driven by means of an electric motor of about
250 W and a reduction gear at a speed of one revolution per second. It is
recommended that the motor be provided w ith a device w hich automatically
stops it after 60 jolts.
11.2.2.2 There shall be arrangements to place the mould shell on the
table,in such a w ay that the length of the three compartments is perpendicular
to the axis of rotation of the cam. The mould shall be located on the table
w ith the aid of suitable reference marks, so that the centre of the central
compartment is directly above the point of percussion. The mould surmounted by its hopper shall be clamped rigidly to the table, for example, by
means of w ing nuts.
11.2.2.3 The combined w eight of the table, mould, hopper and clamps
shall be 20 f 1 kg.
11.2.2.4 The apparatus shall be fixed on a concrete base 1 000 x 300
mm and 800 mm high. The base plates of the tw o frames carrying the cam
and the spindle about w hich the table rotates shall each be fixed to the
concrete base by means of four anchor bolts, and w hen fixing them,
a thin layer of rich mortar shall be placed betw een the base plates
and the concrete base in order to ensure perfect contact.
11.2.2.5 To reduce noise, the concrete base shall be placed on fourrubber pads of suitable size. The table shall be horizontal w hen at rest,
and the common normal through the point of contact of the lug and stop
shall be vertical. The lug striking face and the stop shall be replaced as
soon as the above condition is no longer met. Ball bearings shall be emIf plain
ployed for the spindles about w hich the table and the cam rotate.
bearings are used, the play of the spindles in them shall not exceed 0.1 mm.
11.2.3 Mo da3 - Th e moulds shall be made of hard steel not readily
attacked by the pozzolana mortar and shall embody three compartments
31

800

&-IO04

AU dimensiona in miUimetra,

FIG. 4 JOLTING

AP P NUTUS

IS : 1 7 2 7 - 1 9 6 7
pe rm it t in g the preparation

of three specimens at a time. The internal

dimension of each compartment, w hen assembled ready for use, shall be:
160 f O-4 mm
Length
40 f O-1 mm
Width
40 f

Height

O-1 mm

11.2.3.1 The mould w alls shall be at least 10 mm thick, the internal

opposite faces of 40 x 160 mm shall be plane to w ithin 0.02 mm and the
angle betw een the base and the mould shall be 90 f WY.
11.2.3.2 The mould shall rest on a machined steel base plate to w hich it
shall be securely clamped. The mould shall be rigidly constructed but in
such a manner as to facilitate the removal of the moulded specimen
w ithout damage. The base plate shall accurately fit the mould to prevent
any leakage during filling and the parts of the mould w hen assembled
shall be ensured by suitable methods to be positively held together both
during the filling and subsequent removal of the filled mould from the jolting
apparatus, in order to prevent any damage to the moulded specimen.
11.233
Each compartment shall, in turn, be surmounted by a hopper
made of steel or non-ferrous metal, w ith vertical w alls 20 to 40 mm in height.
D uring filling, the interior vertical surfaces of the hopper shall be w ithin
those of the compartment by a distance not exceeding 0.4 mm.
11.2.4 Apparatus of Transverse Test - The apparatus for testing transverse
strength shall consist of tw o supports in the form of rollers 10 mm in diameter
and spaced 100 mm apart, w here the test prism is placed centrally w ith one
of its faces resting on them, and of a third roller of the same diameter equidistant from the first tw o and transmitting the applied load to the opposite
face of the prism. One of the supporting rollers shall be self-aligning. The
apparatus shall be fixed on to a testing machine w hich is capable of applying
and measuring small loads ( less than 1.00 kg ) w ith an accuracy of one percent in the upper four-fifths of its range.
11.3 Size and

N umber

of Te s t

Spe c im e n s

11.3.1 The specimens shall be in the form of a rectangular bar of dimensions 160 x 40 x 40 mm.
11.3.2 Unless otherw ise specified in the relevant specification for the
pozzolana, three or more specimens shall be made for each period of test
specified.
11.4 Pre parat io n
o f Moulds - In assembling the moulds ready for use,
cover the joints betw een the parts of the mould w ith a thin film of petroleum
jelly and apply a similar coating of petroleum jelly betw een the contact
surfaces of the bottom of the mould and its base plate in order to ensure that
no w ater escapes during vibration.
Treat the interior faces of the mould
w ith a thin coating of mould oil.
33

1 1 .4 .1 The mould and its hopper shall be fixed securely on the table of
the jolting apparatus by means of the clamp.
1 1 .5 Pre pm rat io n

o f Mo rt ar

1 1 .5 .1 Clean appliances shall be used for mixing and the temperature of

the w ater and that of the test room at the time w hen the mixing operation
is being performed shall be 27 f 2C.

11.5.2 The dry materials of the standard test mortar shall be pozzolana,:
cement: standard sand in proportion 0 .2 IV: 0 .8 : 3 by w eight, blended
intimately:
w here
N = Specific gravity of pozzolana
Specific gravity of cement
The w eight of w ater shall be equal to half the w eight of pozzolana
plus cement in the above mixture.
11.5.3 The materials for each batch of moulds shall be mixed separately
using the quantities of materials, conforming to the proportions given
in 11.55.
Mixing of mortar shall be done mechanically as described
in 953.1.
11.6 Mo uldin g Te s t Spe c im e n s - After Iixing the mould and its hopper
on the jolting table, introduce directly from the mixer the first layer of mortar
of about 320 g into each of the moulding compartment ( for example, by
Spread this layer by means of a steel
using a spoon of know n capacity).
plate levelling tool w hich is to be draw n tw ice forw ard and backw ard along
the mould w hile pressing its flanges against the top of the hopper. Give
66 jolts to the frrst mortar layer in 60 seconds. Then introduce a second
identical layer of mortar, level and compact as before. Lift the mould from
the jolting table and remove its hopper. Strike off the excessive mortar
w ith a metal straight edge held nearly vertical and moved slow ly along the
length of the mould w ith a transverse saw ing motion. Then smooth lightly
the surface, using the straight edge held almost flat.
11.7 Storage and Curing of Specimens -After
completion of the jolting, cover the specimens in the mould by steel or rubber sheet and keep them
at a temperature of 27 f 2C in an atmosphere of at least 90 percent relative humidity for 24 hours. At the end of that period, remove them from the
mould w ith due precautions, preferably w ith the apparatus show n in
Fig. 5. Immediately keep them submerged, preferably standing on end, in
saturated still w ater until the time for testing. The specimens shall be kept
apat from each other allow ing free access of w ater to all their faces.
11.7.1 The volume of curing w ater shall be at least four times that of the
test specimens. Half the curing w ater shall be replaced every lifteenth day.
34

I+

421
6--(

All dimcnsiau

FIO. 5

&PAIuTUS

in miuilnetra.

FOR I)EMOULDmO

35

Is : 1727 - 1967

The temperature of curing w ater shall be maintained at 27 f 2%.

The
specimens shall be taken from the w ater only less than 15 minutes before test.
In order to satisfy this condition, they shall be transported to the test machine
in a container full of w ater. They shall then be w iped w ith a clean cloth SO
that any deposit that might have accumulated on them is removed. The
specimens shall not be allow ed to become dry until they are tested.
11.8 P ro c e d u re o f Te s t -Test
not less than three specimens for transverse strength in the apparatus described in 11.2.4 for each of the periods of
7,28 and 90 days, the period being reckoned from the completion of jolting.
The load shall be progressively increased during application at the rate of
5 f 1 kg/set. The transverse strength shall be the average of the strengths
of the three specimens for each period respectively.
11.9 Calcalation
- The transverse strength of the specimen I, shall be
calculated by the formula:
T = 0.234 P
w here
P = applied load in kg at the time of breaking.
The value of T shall be expressed nearest to 1 kg/cm2.
11.10 F a u lty S p e c im e n s a n d Re te s ts -S p e c im e n s
that are manifestly
faulty or that give strengths differing by more than 15 percent from the
average value of all test specimens, made from the same sample and tested
at the same period shall not be considered in determining the transverse
strength. After so discarding, if less than three values are left for determining the transverse strength at any given period, a retest shall be made.
12. D ETERMIN ATION
OF D RYIN G
S HRIN KAGE
P O Z ZOLAN A-CEMEN T
MORTAR

IN

12.1 S c o p e - This method of test covers the procedure for determining the
drying shrinkage of pozzolana-cement mortar as obtained on rectangular
specimens prepared and tested under specified conditions.

12.2 Apparatis
12.2.1 &&-The
scales shall conform to the follow ing requirements:
On scales in use the permissible variation at a load of 1 000 g shall be
f 1.0 g. The permissible variation on new scales shall be one-half of thii
value. The sensibility reciprocal shall be not greater than tw ice the
permissible variation.
12.2.2 W eight s - The permissible variations on w eights in use in w eighing
the cement shall be as prescribed in Table 3.
36

IS t1727-1967
TABUS

-IS

VARIATION S ON WE3GElTS
( CCCRW
12.2.2 )

WBlOIiP

PgRYIgllBLE
VARlATlON
WlUOEiT!J
PLUS

300

250
200
100
50

PaRxrnIllLN

vNUAT3ONON

wEmiTs

IN USE,

OR

8
500

WRfOHT

ON

MINUS

PLUS

OR

IN

USE,

& i I RU S

0.35
0.30
0.25
o-20
o-15
0.10

123.3 Tro w e l- This shall have a steel blad e 100 to 150 m m in length
w ith straight ed ges.
12.2.4 Length Comparator - Changes 3 length of the test specim en shall be
m easu red by a d ial gau ge or m icrom eter com p arator having a range of at
least 7.6 m m . The instru m ent shall be grad u ated to at least O-025 m m and ,
w hen tested at any p oint throu ghou t its range, the error shall be not greater
than fO*050 m m . The d ifference betw een repeated m easu rem ents shall be
not greater than O-025 m m . The com p arator shall be equ ip p ed w ith a steel
reference bar having an insu lating grip and shall be frequ ently checked w ith
this reference bar.
12.2.5 Flow Table - Com p onents,
accessories
( includ ing
m ou ld ),
m ou nting and lu brication of flow table shall conform to IS : 5512-1969*
12.3 S ize a n d N u m be r

o f Te s t

S p e c im e n s

12.3.1 Th e test specim ens shall be in the form

25 x 25 m m in section and 250 m m long.

of rectangu lar

bars

123.2 Unless otherw ise specified in the relevant specification for the
p ozzolana, three or m ore specim ens shall be m ad e for each period of test
specified .
12.4 P re p a ra tio n o f Mo u ld s -Th e
m ou ld s shall be thinly covered w ith
m ineral oil; after this op eration the stainless steel or non-corrod ing m etal
reference p oints shall be set, care being taken to keep them clean and free of
oil.
12b5 P re p a ra tio n o f Mo rta r
12.5.1 Clean appliances shall be u sed for m ixing, and the tem p eratu re of
the w ater and that of the test room at the tim e w hen the m ixing op erations
is being p erform ed shall be 27 &2X,
*Flow table for use in tati of hydraulic cement and pozzolanic mate&&
37

fs:l727-1967
1 2 5 2 The dry materials for the standard test mortar shall be pozzolana :
cement : standard sand in proportion 0*2N : O-8 : 3 by w eight, blended
intimately:
w here
N=

Specific gravity of pozzolana

Specific gravity of cement

The amount of w ater for gauging shall be equal to that required to

give a flow betw een 100 and 115 percent w ith 25 drops in 15 seconds, as
determined in 9.53.
12.5.2.1 The follow ing quantities of materials are suggested for preparation of the mortar:
Pozzolana
6OxN g
Cement
24Og
Standard sand
9OOg
12.5.3 The materials for each batch of moulds shall be mixed separately
using the quantities of dry materials, conforming to the proportions given
in 12.5.2 and the quantity of w ater as determined in accordance w ith the
Procedure given in 9.5.3 to give a flow of 100 to 115 percent w ith 25 drops
m 15 seconds. Mixing shall be done mechanically as described in 96.3.1.
12.6 Mo uldin g S pe c im e n s - Immediately follow ing the completion of
mixing, the test specimen shall be moulded in tw o layers, each layer being
compacted w ith the thumbs and forefingers by pressing the mortar into the
comers, around the reference inserts and along the surfaces of the moulds
until a homogeneous specimen is obtained. After the top layer has been
compacted, the mortar shall be levelled off flush w ith the top of the mould
and the surface smoothed w ith a few strokes of the trow el. D uring the
operations of mixing and moulding, the hands shall be protected by rubber
gloves.
12.7 Roetdura

of Te s t

12.7.1 After filling the moulds, place them immediately in a moist room or
moist closet for 24 f 2 hours. Then remove the specimens from the moulds
and immediately immerse in w ater at 27 f 2C and allow @em to remain
there for six days.
12.7.2 Remove the specimens from the w ater and measure for length
using a length comparator.
Protect specimens against loss of moisture prior
to reading for initial length. The temperature of the test specimens at
the time of initial measurement shall be 27 f,2C.
Store the specimens
in a closet or room maintained at 27 f 2C and 50 f 5 percent rclatk
humidity. Measure the length of the specimens again 28 days after the
Place the specimens in the comparator w ith the same
initial measurement.
38

ls,17!27-I%7
end uppermost w ith respect to the position of the specimens as w hen the
initial measurement w as made. When making the measurements, the
specimens, comparator, and the reference bar shall be at a temperature
of 27 f 2C.
12.3 C&ulatios~ - After the specimens are measured as in 12.7.2 at the
age of 7 and 35 days, calculate the average di&rence in length of the three
specimens to the nearest O-01 percent of the efktive gauge length, and
report this difference as the drying shrinkage.
13. DETRRMINATION

OF THE PRRMRARILITYOFTHE
MORTAR

POZZOLANA-CEMENT

13.1
- This method of test covers the procedure for determining khe
3Yo ty to w ater of the pozzolana mortar prepared and cured under
permeab
specified conditions, by measuring the percolation of w ater through standard
cylindrical specimens.

13.2.1 Pcrmcability Unit - The permeability unit S&II consist of a specimen container ring of 100 mm diameter and 50 mm high, held betw een a
bottom plate and a w ater cell. The hydraulic head for testing shall be
obtained by connecting the unit to a compressor through a w ater pressure
vessel. A pressure regalator and pressure gauge shall be included betw een
the compressor and the w ater pressure vessel to indicate the test pressure.
Water percolating through the specimen shah be collected in a container.
Typical details of an individual unit are given in Fig. 6 and 7. The w ater
cell shall be 100 mm diameter brass cylinder and the top and bottom plates
shall be either of brass or any other non-corroding metal. The connecting
pipeline from the w ater cell to the w ater pressure vessel shall also be of noncorroding metal or of hard board polythene. This requirement is necesssary
since the tests last over a number of days in w hich mild steel or simiIar materials w ill get corroded and the rust formed w ill coat the top of the specimens and affect the permeability.
The connection of units to the air cylinder
shall be done w ith armoured healy-duty rubber hose.
13.2.2 Rammer-A
rammer of the type show n in Fig.
compact the mortar. The rammer shall consist of a
500 f5 g w hich shall fall freely through a height of 150 f
guide. The base of the plunger shall have a diameter of
133

8 shall be used to
plunger w eighing
1 mm in a tubular
50 f 1 mm.

l@tasi&

133.1

The dry materials for the standard test mortar shall be pozzolona :

39

WASHER

CONNECTION TO
AIR CYLINDER

T-L/
z-

-&0r,
t

RUBBER
WASHER

120

2Bp

1 LWATER

INLET

100 g-

11:
#-

tRUBBEi
WASHER

WATER

CELL

I
SO
SPECIMEN
CAST
IN THE CYLINDER

BOTTOM

% p

LWATER

OUTLET

SECTION XX
All dimensions in mihnetres.

FIG. 6

DETAILS OF PERMEABILITYUNIT

40

PLATE

BBER PIPE
ASS OR POLVTIENE

4rs

STAN0 FORAPmRAllls
CONTAINER
wml?

PRESSURE

VESSEL

SECTION xx
MAX PRESSURE

FIG. 7

GENERAL
&mANQEMENT

OF PERMRABILJTY

III+

TES TUNIT

PIPE

AMMER

All cliaumiona

Fr o. 8

TUBULAR

GUIDE

RUBBER

GASKET

in miuimetm.

SPE CIME NCOMPACTINGAPPARATUS

cem en t : s a n d in p r op or t ion 0 *2 X: 0 .8 : 5 b y weigh t , b len d ed in t im a t ely,

wh er e
N=

S p ecific .gr a vit y of p ozzola n a

S p ecific gr a vit y of cem en t

1 3 3 .2 Th e a m ou n t of wa t er for ga u gin g s h a ll b e qu a l t o t h a t r equ ir ed t o

give a flow of 1 0 5 f 5 p er cen t wit h 2 5 d r c~p sin 1 5 s econ d s a s d et er m in ed
in 9 5 .3 .
1 3 .3 3 s a r n d - Th e s a n d t o b c u s ed in t h e p r ep a r a t ion of m or t a r for t h is
t es t s h a ll b e n a t u r a l, r ou n d ed s iliceou s s a n d wit h a m a xim u m p os s ib le a m ou h t
of qu a r t z, Th e s a n d s h a ll p r efer a b ly b e -ob t a in ed Cor n E n n oPe. Th e
42

IS t l7 2 7 -1 %;
part ic le s iz e di&ibu t io n , &t m m in e d by sieving, shall be betw een the linn~
given below :
Cumulative Ibtaitwd ( Percent )
SiCZht
290-mm
1 .7 ~m m

IS Sieve
IS Sieve

1 9 0 -m m

IS Sieve

0
5 f5
33 f 5

5 0 0 micron IS Sieve
1 5 0 micron IS Sieve
7 5 micron IS Sieve
1 3 .4 Pre parat io n

67 f
88 f

5
5

98 & 2

of Mortar

1 3 .4 .1 Clt an appliances shall be used for mixing, and the temperature

of the w ater and that of the test room at the time w hen the mixing operation
is being performed shall be 27 f 2C.
13.4.2 The materials for each batch of moulds shall be mixed separately
using the quantities of dry materials, conforming to the proportions given
in 13.3.1 and the quantity of w ater as determined in accordance w ith the
procedure given in 9.5.3 to give a flow of 105 f 5 percent w ith 25 drops in
Mixing shall be done mechanically as described in 9.5.3.1.
15 seconds.
1 3 .5 Pre parat io n o f S pe iim e n s -Th e
container ring shall be given a
thin coating of neat cement slurry and the mortar shall be placed in it in
tw o layers. Each layer shall be compacted w ith 10 blow s of the rammer
described in 13.2.2, falling freely through a height of 150 f 1 mm in its
tubular guide. D uring compaction the guide of the rammer shall remain
in contact w ith the w all of the container ring. It shall be moved through a
uniform distance after each blow so as to cover the entire periphery of the
container ring after 10 blow s. After compaction the top of the specimen
shall be levelled off w ith a 12 mm diameter rod slow ly and firmly moved over
the surface. N o trow el@ or other type of surface finiih shall be allow ed
13.6 Cssring pnd srrSpoB6pr&mens
- Keep the container ring
the specimens at a ternof 27 f 2C in an atmo@here of at
90 percent relative huoridity for 24 hours. At the end of that period,
merge the specimens in clean fresh w ater and keep there for 27 days,
take it out just prior to testing. The w ater in w hich the specimens are
merged shall be renew ed every seventh day and shall be maintained
temperature of 27 f 2%.

w ith
least
suband
subat a

13.7 Roc&sre
at Te at -Th e
s pc c im c n s s h all t h e n be fit t e d into the
testing apparatus as show n in Fig. 6. Water shall be poured into the w ater
cell till it is nearly filled. The w ater inlet shall than be closed w ith the lid
screw ed tight.
43

lstl727-1967
An in it ia l pr essu r e of a bou t @5 kg/cm sh a ll be a pplied t o t h e
wa t er a n d fr om t im e t o t im e t h e collect in g con t a in er sh a ll be t a ken ou t a n d
weigh ed t o det er m in e t h e r a t e of per cola t ion .
Th e r a t e of per cola t ion will
be com pa r a t ively h igh in t h e in it ia l st a ges a n d will t h en becom e st a bilised.
At t h is st a ge t h e pr essu r e sh a ll be in cr ea sed a ga in by 0.5 kg/em s a n d t h is
pr ocedu r e r epea t ed u n t il a fin a l pr essu r e of 2 kg/cm is r ea ch ed. Wh en a
st a ble flow h a s been r ea ch ed a t t h is pr essu r e r ea din gs of t h e per cola t ion sh a ll
be t a ken a t fixed in t er va ls of t im e for 8 h ou r s.
Th e t est sh a ll bc ca r r ied ou t a t a t em per a t u r e of 27 f
t est t h r ee specim en s sh a ll be t est ed a t a t im e.
131

c 8 lc u lat io n

-Th e

coefficien t

of per m ea bilit y

2C.

F or ea ch

sh a ll be ca lcu la t ed

fr om t h e for m u la z

wh er e
K = coefficien t of per m ea bilit y

in cm /xc/u n it

gr a dien t ,

Q = qu a n t it y of wa t er collect ed in g,
J = t h ickn ess of t h e specim en s, in cm ,
w = den sit y of wa t er in g/cm * n or m a lly equ a l t o on e,
a = a r ea of cr oss-sect ion of t h e specim en in cm *,
T = t im e of collect ion in secon ds, a n d
h = n et pr essu r e h ea d on t h e specim en in cm of wa t er .
Th e a ver a ge for t h r ee specim en s sh a ll be r epor t ed a s t h e per m ea bilit y
oft h epr or b=
ad
Re t e s t s -Spe c im e n s
t h a t a r e m a n ifa t ly
l&9 Fdt y
Spe dlwM
fa u lt y or t h a t give per m ea bilit y va lu es differ in g by m or e t h a n 15 per cen t
fr om t h e a ver a ge sh a ll n ot be con sider ed.
In su ch ca ses, a r et est sh a ll be
m a de.

14. REDucTloIu

IN

B AN D S ILICARELEAS EEY

POZZOLANA
1 4 .1 SupThese tests will h elp t o fin d ou t t h e efh xt iven ess of a few
pozzola n a s in r edu cin g t h e h a r m fu l effect s of a lka li-a ggr ega t e r ea ct ion in
con cr et e. H owever , t h e t est s a r e n ot a pplica ble t o a ll t ypes of pozzola n a .

141 A143.1 Rh n &on con t a &s - Th ese sh a ll be of 50 t o 75 m l ca pa cit y, m a de

of st a in less st eel or ot h er cor r osion -r esist a n t m a t er ia l a n d fit t ed wit h
a ir -t igh t cover s.

IS : 1 7 2 7 1 1 9 6 7
1 4 .3 Re age n t s
a ) Un less ot h er wise in dica t ed, a ll r ea gen t s u sed sh a ll be a n a lyt ica l
r ea gen t s. Wa t er u sed sh a ll be dist illed wa t er , u n less ot h er wise
st a t ed.
b) Standard sodium hydroxide - P r epa r e a 1900 f P O10 N sodiu m
h ydr oxide. solu t ion a n d st a n da r dize t o f OS001 J V. Use wa t er
t h a t h a s been boiled u n t il fr ee of ca r bon dioxide for pr epa r in g t h e
solu t ion .
c) Hydrochloric acid -

sp gr l-16.

d) Standard hydrochloric acid - P r epa r e a ppr oxim a t ely 0.05 X h ydr och lor ic a cid a n d st a n da r dize t o f O*OOO1 J V. St a n da r dize
t h e h ydr och lor ic a cid, for ea ch da ys t est s, a ga in st a n a ppr oxim a t ely
@05 N st a n da r dized sodiu m h ydr oxide solu t ion .
e) Phenoi~hthalein indicatory solution - Dissolve on e gr a m of ph en olph t h a lein in 100 m l of et h a n ol ( 1 : 1 ).
14.4 In it ia l Pre parat io n

1 4 .4 .1 Weigh ou t t h r ee r epr esen t a t ive por t ion s of t h e pozzola n a , ea ch

of 12.50 f 0.05 g. P la ce on e por t ion in ea ch of t h e t h r ee r ea ct ion con t a in er s a n d a dd 25 m l of t h e O+Ol X sodiu m h ydr oxide solu t ion . To a
fou r t h r ea ct ion con t a in er , a dd 25 m l of t h e st a n da r d sodiu m h ydr oxide solu t ion t o ser ve a s a bla n k. Sea l t h e fou r con t a in er s a n d gen t ly swir l t h em t o
liber a t e t r a pped a ir .
14.4.2 Im m edia t ely a ft er t h e con t a in er s h a ve been sea led, pla ce t h em in
a liqu id ba t h m a in t a in ed a t 80.0 f 1.0%.
Aft er 24 f 4 h , r em ove t h e
con t a in er s fr om t h e ba t h a n d cool t h em u n der r u n n in g wa t er for 15 -b 2
m in u t es t o below 3OC.
14.4.3 Im m edia t ely a ft er t h e con t a in er s h a ve been cooled, open t h em
a n d filt er t h e solu t ion fr om t h e t ot a l r esidu e. Use a por cela in Gooch cr u cible fit t ed wit h a disk of r a pid low-a sh filt er pa per , set t in g t h e cr u cible in a
r u bber h older in a fu n n el. P la ce a dr y t est t u be of 35 t o 50 m l ca pa cit y in
t h e filt er fla sk t o collect t h e filt r a t e a n d sea l t h e fu n n el in t h e n eck of t h e
filt er fla sk. Wit h t h e a spir a t or in oper a t ion or t h e va cu u m lin e open , deca n t
a sm a ll qu a n t it y of t h e solu t ion in t o t h e filt er pa per so t h a t it will sea t pr oper ly
in t h e cr u cible.
Wit h ou t st ir r in g t h e con t en t s of t h e con t a in er , deca n t t h e
r em a in in g fr eeliqu id in t o t h e cr u cible.
Wh en t h e deca n t a t ion of t h e liqu id
h a s been com plet ed, discon t in u e t h e va cu u m a n d t r a n sfer t h e solids r em a in in g in t h e con t a in er t o t h e cr u cible a n d pa ck in pla ce wit h t h e a id of a
st a in less st eel spa t u la . Th en a pply a n d a dju st t h e va cu u m t o a ppr oxim a t ely
380 m m of m er cu r y.
Con t in u e t h e filt r a t ion u n t il fu r t h er filt r a t ion yields
filt r a t e a t t h e a ppr oxim a t e r a t e of on e dr op ever y 10 secon ds. Reser ve t h e
filt r a t e for fu r t h er t est s. Recor d t h e t ot a l t im e for wh ich t h e va cu u m is
45

Is r1 7 2 7 -1 9 6 7

applied as the filtration time. Every effort shall be made to achieve an equal
filtration time for all samples in a set, by uniformity of procedure in the
assembly of the filtration apparatus and the packing of the solids in* the
crucible.
14.4.4 Filter the blank according to the procedure described in 14.43
Apply the vacuum for the same length of time as the average filtration time
for the three specimens.
14.4.5 Immediately follow ing the completion of filtration, stir the filtrate
to assure homogeneity. Then take an aliquot of 10 ml of the filtrate and
dilute w ith w ater to 200 ml in a volumetric flask. Reserve this diluted solution for the determination of dissolved silica and reduction in alkalinity.
N OTE
-In some cases, it may become necessary to add more than 25 ml of sodium
hydroxide solution either due to the solution becoming viscous or to the formation of a
gel. In such cases, the quantity of sodium hydroxide may be increased.
14.5 Silica Re le as e

Te s t

14.5.1 Transfer 100 ml of the dilute solution to an evaporating dish,

preferably of platinum.
For the sake of celerity in evaporation, add 5
to 10 ml of hydrochloric acid and evaporate to dryness on a steam-bath.
Without heating the residue any further, treat it w ith 5 to 10 ml of hydrochloric acid, and then an equal amount of w ater, or at once pour 10 to 20 ml
of hydrochloric acid ( 50 percent ) upon the residue. Cover the dish and
digest for 10 minutes on the bath or a hot-plate.
D ilute the solution
w ith an equal volume of hot w ater ( see N ote ) and reserve the residue.
N olZ -The
hydrochloric

w ashing of silica precipitates can be made more effectively by using hot

acid ( one percent ) and then completing the w ashing w ith hot w ater.

14.5.2 Again evaporate the filtrate to dryness, baking the residue in an

oven for one hour a 105C to 110C. Take up the residue w ith 10 to
15 ml of hydrochloric acid ( 50 percent ) and heat on the bath or hot-plate.
14.55 D ilute the solution w ith an equal volume of hot w ater and obtain
and w ash the small amount of silica it contains on another filter paper.
14.5.4 Transfer the
ble ( see N ote ). D ry
bon of the filter paper
at 1 100C to 1200C

papers containing the residue on to a platinum cruciand ignite the papers, first at a low heat until the caris completely consumed w ithout inSaming, and f i na l l y
until a constant w eight is reached.

N orm-Thecmptycruciblemaybc
w eighed if one w ishen to know
information, the magnitude of impurities in the residue of silica

for his ow n

14.5.5 Treat the silica thus obtained, w hich w ilI contain small amounts
of impurities, in the crucible w ith a few drops of w ater, about 10 ml of
hydrofluoric acid, and one drop of sulphuric acid, and M p o r a t c
cautiously
to dryness. Finally heat the residue at 1050C to 1100C f& 1 to 2 minufu

46

xsrl727-1961
cool and w eigh. The difference betw een this w eight and the w eight previously obtained represents the amount of silica.
145.6 Make a blank determina tion, follow ing the same procedure as
dexribed in 14.5.1 to 14.5.4 using the same amount of dilute solution from
the blank and the same amounts of reagents.
14.5.7 Calculate the silica concentration in the solution originahy filtered
( su 14.4s ) as follow s:
W, j x 3 330 ( see N ote )
sc=(Wr-w here
SC = ;zoFtration

of silica in milliioles/litre

in the original

w , = grams bf silica found in 100 ml of the dilute solution, and

w , = grams of silica found in the blank.
NOTE-The
(

Wl -

W,)

dilute
1000

60.06
Would cpntain y

solution

analyscd

millimolcs

ofsilica

conscqucntly

( WI -

WE ) or 3 330 ( WI -

b+g

is equivalent

to 5 ml

of the

original

one litre of the original

IV, )millimola

or

filtrate
of r&x.

14.6 Re du c t io n in AUulinity
14.6.1 Transfer a 20 ml aliquot of the dilute solution obtained as in 14.4
to a 125 ml Erlenmeyer flask. Add 2 or 3 drops of phenolphthalein solution,
uad titrate w ith 0.05 N hydrochloric acid to the phenolphthalein end point.
14.63

Calculate

the reduction

in alkalinity

Re= 2y(y,-

as follow s:

V,) x IO00

w here
R, =
Nv. =
v, =

the re&ction
normality

in alkahnity,

millimoles/litre;

of the hydrochloric

acid used for titration;

volume of dilute solution used in ml;

volume of hydrochloric acid used in ml to attain the
phenolphthalein end point in the blank; and
VS w volume of hydrochloric acid used in ml to attain the
phenolphthalein end point in the test sample.

w.1 Appmtum
l5 .1 .1 The standard Le chatelier
show BitlFii..shallbeused.
47

flask confoaming to the dimenrionr

EWLA

7 ml CAPACITY

TWO 0.1ml GRADUA

EXTENDING ABOVE
BELOW 0 MAR

AudimeAmsinmillimetrts.

FIG. 9

LE CHATBLIERFLASK FOR SPECIFIC GRAVITY T~sr

48

--

1 5 .1 1 Warn B ath -A
suitable
l+~t t lit r fli%S k S h a ll&wed .

water

bath

to accommodate

1 5 4 2 Ma t eAl
- Ker os in e f%e eof wa t er or n a p t h a h a vin g a spcdk
n ot les s t h a n @7 3 1 3 s h a llb eu s ed .

the

gravity

1 5 .5 Pr oced u r e
1 5 3 .1 S p ecific gr a vit y of p ozzola n a s h a ll b e d et er m in ed on t h e m a t er ia l
a s r eceived , u n les s ot h er wis e s p eciiied .
1 5 3 .2 Fill t h e Ba s k wit h k er os in e or n a p t h a t o a p oin t on t h e s t em b et ween
t h e zer o a n d t h e 1 m l m a r k a n d r ep la ce t h e s t op p er . Th en im m er s e t h e
fla s k in a con s t a n t t em p er a t u r e wa t er b a t h , m a in t a in ed a t a b ou t r oom
t em p er a t u r e, for s u fficien t in t er va l t o a void va r ia t ion s gr ea t er t h a n f 0 2 %
in t h e t em p er a t u r e of t h e liqu id in t h e fla s k . Ta k e t h e r ea d in g of t h e liqu id
in t h efla s k .
1 5 .5 3 In t r od u ce a weigh ed qu a n t it y of p ozzola n a in t o t h e fla s k , t a k in g
ca r e t h a t n o p or t ion of it a d h er e t o t h e in s id e of t h e fla s k a b ove t h e liqu id ,
b y s ligh t ly vib r a t in g t h e fla s k . Rep la ce t h e s t op p er a n d r oll t h e fla s k in a n
in clin ed p os it ion t o exp el a n y a ir b u b b le in t h e p ozzola n a . Th e level of t h e
liqu id will b e in it s fin a l p os it ion a t s om e p oin t of t h e u p p er s er ies of gr a d u a t ion s . Th e r ea d in g s h a ll b e t a k en a ft er t h e fla s k s im m er s ed in t h e wa t er b a t h .
N OTE l-A~b~pPdonthe~blemrrykuw dw hcn~~m~tbcBuL.
N ur~ 2--e&rlrnuybeheldin8vatiulpaitioninthcmtahthby~ob
a burette clamp.

1 5 .4 Meu la d on -Th e
d iffer en ce b et ween t h e fir s t a n d fin a l e
r ep r t s e@s t h e volu m e of liqu id d is p la ced b y <t h e weigh t of cem en t u s ed in
t h e t es t . S p ecXc gr a vit y s h a ll b e ca lcu la t ed a s follows :
S p ecXc gr a vit y q

Weigh t of p ozzola n a in g
Dis p la ced volu m e in m l

1 5 .5 B-Du p lica t e
d et er m in a t ion of a p e&fic gr a vit y b y
t h is m et h od s h a ll a gr ee wit h in @Ol.

49

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AMENDMENT

NO. 1 OCTOBER 1 9 9 1
TO
IS 1 7 2 7: 1 9 6 7 METHODS OF TES T FOR POZZOLANIC
MATERIALS
( ~~~ Revision j
( Page 6, chse

the following for the existing clause :

3.1 ) -Substitute

3.1 Hydrated Lime - Standard hydrated lime supplied by National Gnmcii for
Cement and Building Materials, New Delhi shall be used in the tests. The
standard hydrated lime shall have the following composition :
CaO
96 f 0.5 percent
1 f 0.5 percent
MgO
1.0 percent
SiO2, Max
Insoluble

residue, Mar

(P a g e 6, clause 3.2 ) -

1.0 percent

Substitute the following

for the existing clause:

32 Cement - Cement for use in the tests shall be 33 grade ordinary

cement conforming to IS 269 : 1989.
(P u g e 6, clause 5.1.1) (P a g e 6, foot -n ot es ) -

Substitute

IS 1070 : 1977for

Delete foot-notes

Portland

IS 1070 : 1960.

No. 2 and 3, and substitute

Spccificafion for 33 grade ordinary portland cement (/o(lA rev&ion) f o r Sp e c i f i a t i o o lot

o&nary. rapid-hardenrng and low heat Portland cement (rev&J);
and Spccifiation for
water for general lahoralory use (second ~evi.&m~ / or Specification for water, distilled quality
(rcvi.wd).

(P a g e 28, cl u u se 9.7, N ot e) -S u b st i t u t e

the following

for the existing note:

N OT E - For curing the s cimen at the specified relative humidity and tern nturc as giverr
above, it is recommended I%at the controlled humidity and temperature cham c r developed by
National Council for Cement and Building Malcrials may be used for proper pctformaaa.

(CED2)
Printed at Simco Printing Press, Delhi, India

AMENDMENT NO. 2 JUNE 2013

TO
IS 1727 : 1967 METHODS OF TEST FOR
POZZOLANIC MATERIALS
(First Revision)
(Page 7, clause 5.2, sentence 1) Insert the following after sentence 1:
Keep about 10 g sample in a large glass Petri dish and spread it evenly into a
thin layer. Put it in the oven maintained at 105 oC 5 C for 1h to remove any
superficially adsorbed moisture. Take it out and keep in a desiccator and cool it
to room temperature for chemical analysis.
(Page 8, clause 5.3) Substitute the following for the existing clause:
5.3 Loss on Ignition
Heat about 1g of oven dried sample, m1 (accurately weighed up to four decimal
place) for 15 min in a weighed and covered platinum crucible (a porcelain
crucible may also be used) of 20 to 25 ml capacity by placing it in a muffle
furnace at a temperature between 900 C and 1 000 C; cool and weigh. Check
the loss in mass by a second heating for 5 min and reweigh (m2). Calculate the
loss on ignition as follows:

Percent loss on ignition =

m1

m2
m1

100

Round off the calculated value and report up to 1 decimal place.

NOTE The significance of the determination of loss on ignition shall vary according to the
nature of the sample. The figure obtained may include loss due to the oxidation of any
carbonaceous matter and gain due to the oxidation of any ferrous iron present.

(Page 8, clause 5.4.1, line 1) Substitute 'Fuse about 1g of the oven dried
(accurately weighed up to four decimal places)' for 'Fuse one gram of the air
dried'.
(CED 2)
Reprography Unit, BIS, New Delhi, India