Ice Hockey World Championships

Ice Hockey World Championships - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1
Ice Hockey World Championships

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia
The Ice Hockey World Championships are an annual ice hockey tournament organized by the Ice Hockey World Championships
International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF). First officially held at the 1920 Summer Olympics, it is the Current season or competition:
sport's highest profile annual international tournament . The IIHF was created in 1908 while the European 2010 Men's World Ice Hockey Championships
Championships, the precursor to the World Championships, were first held in 1910. The tournament held
at the 1920 Summer Olympics is recognized as the first Ice Hockey World Championship. Between 1920
and 1968, the Olympic hockey tournament was also considered the World Championship for that year.
The first World Championship that was held as an individual event was in 1930 in which twelve nations
participated. In 1931, ten teams played a series of round-robin format qualifying rounds to determine
which nations participated in the medal round. Medals were awarded based on the final standings of the
teams in the medal round. This basic format would be used until 1992 (although small variations were
made). In 1951, thirteen nations took part and were split into two groups. The top seven teams (Pool A)
played for the World Championship. The other six (Pool B) played for ranking purposes. During a
congress in 1990, the IIHF introduced a playoff system. As the IIHF grew, more teams began to
participate at the World Championships, so more pools (later renamed divisions) were introduced.
The modern format for the World Championship features 16 teams in the championship group, 12 teams
in Division I and 12 teams in Division II. If there are more than 40 teams, the rest compete in Division III. A gold medal awarded at the 2001 Championships.
The teams in the championship play a preliminary and qualifying round, then the top eight teams play in
Sport Ice hockey
the playoff medal round and the winning team is crowned World Champion. Over the years, the
tournament has gone through several rule changes . In 1969 body-checking in all three zones in a rink was Founded 1920 (1920 Summer Olympics)
allowed, helmets and goaltender masks became mandatory in the early 1970s and in 1992 the IIHF started 1930 (First individual event)
using the shootout. The current IIHF rules differ slightly from the rules used in the NHL. The World
Championships have been open to all players, both professional and amateur, since 1977. The IIHF No . of teams 16 in the Top Division
requires that players are citizens of the country they represent and allow players to switch national teams 12 in Division I
provided that they play in their new nation for a certain period of time . 12 in Division II
9 in Division III
Canada was the tournament's first dominant team, winning the tournament 12 times between 1930 and
1952. The United States , Czechoslovakia, Sweden, Great Britain and Switzerland were also competitive Most recent Russia
during this period. The Soviet Union first participated in 1954 and soon became rivals with Canada. From champion (s)
1963 until the nation's breakup in 1991, the Soviet Union was the dominant team, winning 20 Official IIHF.com (http://www.iihf. com/
championships. During that period, only three other nations won medals: Canada, Czechoslovakia and website home-of-hockey/championships /
Sweden. Russia first participated in 1992 and the Czech Republic and Slovakia started competing in 1993.
world -championships.html)
In the 2000s, the competition became more open as the "big seven" teams – Sweden, Canada, the Czech
Republic, Russia, Finland, the United States and Slovakia - became more evenly matched .
The 2009 World Championship was held in Zürich and Berne , Switzerland. In the final, Russia won their second consecutive championship. The 74th
championship will be held in 2010 in Germany and 48 teams will participate.
Contents
1 Background
2 History
2.1 1920–1928: Olympic Games
2.2 1930–1953: Canadian dominance
2.3 1954–1962: Canada-Soviet Union rivalry
2.4 1963–1976: Soviet dominance
2.5 1976–1987: First years of open competition
2.6 1989–1992: Fall of the Iron Curtain
2.7 1993–present
3 Tournament structure
4 Rules
4.1 Game rules
4.2 Player eligibility
5 Divisions
5.1 Championship
5.2 Division I
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships 6/5/2010 8:52:08 AM

5.3 Division II
5.4 Division III
6 Directorate Awards
7 Other men's national team tournaments
8 See also
9 Notes
10 References
11 External links
Background
The International Ice Hockey Federation (IIHF), the sport's governing body, was created on 15 May 1908 under the name Ligue Internationale de Hockey sur
Glace (LHG).[1 ] In 1908, organised ice hockey was still relatively new; the first organised indoor ice hockey game took place on 3 March 1875 at Montreal's
Victoria Skating Rink.[2 ] In 1887, four clubs from Montreal formed the Amateur Hockey Association of Canada (AHAC) and developed a structured schedule.
Lord Stanley donated the Stanley Cup and the trustees decided to award it to either the best team in the AHAC, or to any pre-approved team that won it in a
challenge.[3 ] the Eastern Canada Amateur Hockey Association (ECAHA) was formed in 1905,[4 ] which mixed paid and amateur players in its rosters. The
ECAHA eventually folded and as a result of the dissolution , the National Hockey Association (NHA) formed .[5 ]
The Ice Hockey European Championships, first held in Les Avants, Switzerland in January 1910, were the precursor to the World Championships. It was the
first official tournament meant for national teams, the participating nations were Great Britain, Germany, Belgium and Switzerland.[6 ] In North America,
professional hockey was continuing to grow, the National Hockey League (NHL), the largest professional hockey league in the world, was formed in 1917. [7]
The European Championships were held for five consecutive years but were not held between 1915 and 1920 due to World War I.[8 ]
History
1920–1928: Olympic Games
See also: Ice hockey at the Olympic Games
The IIHF considers the ice hockey tournament held at the 1920 Summer Olympics to be the first Ice Hockey World
Championship.[9 ] It was organized by a committee that included future IIHF president Paul Loicq. The tournament was
played from 23 April to 29 April. Seven teams participated : Canada, Czechoslovakia, the United States , Switzerland,
Sweden, France and Belgium.[10 ] Canada, represented by the Winnipeg Falcons, won the gold medal, outscoring
opponents 27–1.[11] The United States and Czechoslovakia won the silver and bronze medals respectively.[12] Following
the 1921 Olympic Congress in Lausanne, the first Winter Olympics were held in 1924 in Chamonix, France, though they
were only officially recognized by the International Olympic Committee (IOC) as such in the following year.[13] The gold medal -winning
Winnipeg Falcons (representing
Subsequently, the Olympics and World Championships occurred concurrently , and every Olympic tournament until 1968 Canada) en route to the 1920
is counted as the World Championship. Canada won the gold medal at both the 1924 and 1928 Winter Olympics.[14 ][15] Summer Olympics.
In 1928, the Swedish and Swiss teams won their first medals–silver and bronze, respectively–and a German team
participated for the first time, finishing ninth .[16]
1930–1953: Canadian dominance

The first World Championship that was held as an individual event was in 1930. It was held in Chamonix, France; Vienna, Austria; and Berlin, Germany.
Canada defeated Germany in the gold medal game and Switzerland won the bronze. [9] Canada won the following year and at the 1932 Winter Olympics.[17]
At the 1933 World Championships in Prague, Czechoslovakia, the United States won the gold medal , becoming the first non-Canadian team to win the
competition. As of 2009, it is the only gold medal the United States has won at a non-Olympic tournament.[18]
Two days before the 1936 Winter Olympics in Germany, Canadian officials protested that two players on the British
team—James Foster and Alex Archer—had played in Canada but transferred without permission to play for clubs in
the English National League. The IIHF agreed with Canada, but Britain threatened to withdraw if the two could not
compete . Canada withdrew the protest before the games started. Britain became the first non-Canadian team to win
Olympic gold, with Germany taking bronze .[19 ] Canada won the remainder of the World Championship tournaments
held in the 1930s . The 1939 World Championships marked the first time that a team from Finland competed in the
tournament. [20] World War II forced the cancellation of the 1940 and 1944 Winter Olympics and the World
Championships from 1941 to 1946.[9 ][21 ]

Following World War II, Czechoslovakia's team was quickly improving. They won the 1947 World Championships ,
although a Canadian team had not participated in the event. In 1949, they became the third nation to win a World
Championship tournament that Canada participated in. [22] During the run-up to the 1948 Winter Olympics in St.
Moritz , Switzerland, a conflict broke out between the two American hockey bodies: the American Hockey
Association (AHA) and the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU). The AAU refused to support the AHA's team because
they believed that AHA players were "openly paid salaries" and at the time, the Olympics were strictly for amateur
players.[23] A compromise was reached that the AHA team would be allowed to compete but would be considered
unofficial and unable to win a medal. By the end of the tournament, the AHA team finished fourth in the standings
but was disqualified .[23][24] Both Czechoslovakia and the RCAF Flyers of Canada won seven games and tied when
they played each other . The gold medal winner was determined by goal difference: Canada won the gold because
they had an average of 13.8 compared to Czechoslovakia's average of 4.3. [25]
At the 1952 Winter Olympics in Oslo, Norway, the Edmonton Mercurys won Canada's second consecutive Olympic
A gold medal won by Canada's
Whitby Dunlops at the 1958 World gold medal. It was the last time that a Canadian team would win an Olympic gold medal in hockey for 50 years.[26 ]
Championships . The 1953 tournament featured only three teams that played all of their games: Sweden, West Germany, Switzerland.
Sweden finished the tournament undefeated and won their first World Championship.[27]
1954–1962: Canada-Soviet Union rivalry

The 1954 World Championships has been described by the IIHF as "the start of the modern era of international
hockey." [28] It was the first year to feature the participation of the Soviet Union. The Soviet Union had only started
playing ice hockey in 1946, having previously focused on bandy.[28] Led by coach Arkady Chernyshev and consisting of
the top players in the nation, the Soviets finished their first six games undefeated . Canada, represented by the East York
Lyndhursts, was also undefeated and, in the final game of the tournament, the two teams met for the first time in
international competition . The Soviet Union won the game 7–2, becoming the fifth team to win a World Championship
tournament.[28 ] The 1955 World Championship was held in West Germany, and the two teams again met in the final
game of the tournament. The game was so high profile in Canada that announcer Foster Hewitt flew to Germany to The game between Canada and
provide play-by-play coverage. Both teams were undefeated and Canada, represented by the Penticton Vees, defeated the the Soviet Union at the 1954
Soviets 5–0 to reclaim the World Championship.[29] At the 1956 Winter Olympics in Cortina d'Ampezzo, Italy, Canada's World Championships , which
Kitchener-Waterloo Dutchmen lost to both the Soviets and the United States in the medal round and won the bronze . the Soviets won 7–2.
The Soviets went undefeated and won their first Olympic ice hockey gold medal.[30] It would be seven years until the
Soviet Union won another World Championship. [22]
The 1957 World Championships were held in Moscow. Canada and the United States did not participate in protest of the
Soviet occupation of Hungary. Most of the games were held in the Luzhniki Sports Palace, but the Soviet officials
decided to hold the final game in a nearby outdoor soccer stadium. The game was attended by at least 50,000 people,
which is still a World Championship attendance record. In the final game, Sweden tied the Soviet Union to finish with
six wins and one tie (the Soviet Union had five wins and two ties ) and won the gold medal. [31] Canada returned to the
The final game at the 1957
World Championships in World Championship in 1958 and won two consecutive titles, with the Soviets winning silver both times.[22] At the 1960
Moscow was played at the Winter Olympics in Squaw Valley, California, Canada, the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia and Sweden were the top four
Luzhniki Stadium. It was teams heading into the Games. All four were defeated by the American team, which won all seven games en route to its
attended by at least 50,000 first Olympic gold medal. [32]
people, a tournament record.
In 1961, Czechoslovakia defeated the Soviet Union and tied Canada to make it a three-way race for gold. In the final
game, Canada defeated the Soviets 5–1 to win their nineteenth gold medal. The Trail Smoke Eaters became the final
club team to represent Canada. The following year, Canada implemented a national team program , led by Father David Bauer . Canada would not win another
world championship gold until 1994. [33] In 1962, the World Championships were held in North America for the first time . The tournament was held in
Denver, United States , and was boycotted by the Soviet and Czechoslovak teams. Sweden defeated Canada for the first time in the history of the competition
and won their third gold medal. [27]
1963–1976: Soviet dominance

At the 1963 World Championships in Stockholm, the Soviet Union won the gold medal, beginning a streak of nine consecutive
World Championship golds. The 1964 Winter Olympics in Innsbruck, Austria marked the first time that Canada failed to win an
Olympic medal in hockey. The Soviet Union won all seven of their games and the gold medal, but Canada finished the
tournament with five wins and two losses , putting them in a three-way tie for second place with Sweden and Czechoslovakia.
Prior to 1964, the tie-breaking procedure was based on goal difference from games against teams in the medal round and under
that system, Canada would have placed third ahead of the Czechoslovaks. The procedure had been changed to count all games
and that meant the Canadians finished fourth.[35] However, the Olympics also counted as the World Championships, and under
IIHF rules, Canada should have won a bronze .[36 ] In April 2005, the IIHF admitted that a mistake had occurred and announced

that they had reviewed the decision and would award the 1964 Canadian team a World Championship bronze medal .[37]
However, two months later, the IIHF over-turned their decision and rejected an appeal in September. [38][39]
The Soviets dominated the remainder of the decade. Following 1963, the team went undefeated in Olympic and World
Championship competition for four years. Their streak was broken by Czechoslovakia at the 1968 Winter Olympics. Despite the
loss, the Soviets still won gold.[40 ][41 ] It was the last time that the Olympics were also counted as the World Championships.[42]
In 1969, the Soviet Union and Czechoslovakia played "the most emotionally charged games in the history of international
hockey." [43] The rights to host the tournament had originally been awarded to Czechoslovakia but they were forced to decline the
rights following the Soviet-led Warsaw Pact invasion of the nation in August 1968. [43] The tournament was held in Stockholm,
Sweden, and with these international tensions, the Czechoslovak team was determined to defeat the Soviets. They won both of
their games 2–0 and 4–3 but despite these wins, the Czechs lost both of their games to Sweden and won bronze.[43]
In 1962, Father David
With European teams constantly improving, the Canadian Amateur Hockey Association (CAHA) Bauer established a
national team made up
felt their amateur players could no longer be competitive and pushed for the ability to use players
of Canada's top amateur
from professional leagues. At the IIHF Congress in 1969, the IIHF voted to allow Canada to use [34 ]
players.
nine non-NHL professional players[45] at the 1970 World Championships. The rights to host the
tournament were awarded to Canada for the first time –in Montreal and Winnipeg.[46 ] However, the
decision to allow the use of professionals was reversed in January 1970. IOC president Avery Brundage was opposed to the idea
of amateur and professional players competing together and said that ice hockey's status as an Olympic sport would be in
jeopardy if the change was made. In response, Canada withdrew from International ice hockey competition. [45][47] Canada's ice
hockey team did not participate in the 1972 and 1976 Winter Olympics.[45 ] Canada also waived their rights to host the 1970
World Championship, so it was held in Stockholm, Sweden instead.[46]
Vladislav Tretiak is one Led by goaltender Vladislav Tretiak and forwards Valeri Kharlamov, Alexander Yakushev, Vladimir Petrov and Boris
of two players Mikhailov, the Soviet Union won gold at the 1970 and 1971 World Championships and the 1972 Winter Olympics.[48 ] 1972
(Alexander Ragulin marked the first time that both the Olympics and World Championships were held in the same year as separate events. At the
being the other) to win
World Championships in Prague, the Czechoslovak team ended the Soviet team's streak and won their first gold since 1949.[42]
ten World
[44 ] The Soviet team quickly returned to their winning ways, winning 1973 and 1974 World Championships. However, during the
Championships . latter tournament, the Czechoslovak team defeated the Soviets 7–2. It was one of the biggest margins the Soviet team had ever
lost by in an official game.[48] The 1976 World Championships were held in Katowice, Poland. On the opening day of the
tournament, Poland defeated the Soviet Union 6–4 thanks to a hat-trick from forward Wieslaw Jobczyk and the goaltending of Andrzej Tkacz. It was one of
the biggest upsets in international hockey history; two months earlier at the 1976 Winter Olympics, Poland had lost 16–1 to the Soviets. The Soviets lost two
more games and won the silver, and Czechoslovakia won gold. Poland finished seventh and was relegated to Pool B, the division in which teams play for
ranking purposes and not the championship (now known as Division I).[49]
1976–1987: First years of open competition

Günther Sabetzki became president of the IIHF in 1975 and helped to resolve the dispute with the CAHA. The IIHF agreed to allow "open competition"
between all players in the World Championships, and moved the competition to later in the season so players not involved in the NHL playoffs could
participate. However, NHL players were still not allowed to play in the Olympics, because of both the unwillingness of the NHL to take a break mid-season
and the IOC's strict amateur-only policy. The IIHF also agreed to endorse the Canada Cup, a competition meant to bring together the best players from the top
hockey-playing countries.[50] The 1976 World Ice Hockey Championships in Katowice were the first to feature professionals although in the end only the
United States made use of the new rule, recalling eight pros from the Minnesota North Stars and Minnesota Fighting Saints. The first fully open World
Championship was held in 1977 in Vienna, Austria, and saw the first participation of active Canadian NHL players, including two-time NHL MVP Phil
Esposito. Many of the players on the Canadian team were not prepared for the tournament and were unfamiliar with the international game. The team finished
fourth, losing both games to the Soviet Union by a combined score of 19–2. Czechoslovakia won gold, becoming the third team (after Canada and the Soviet
Union) to win consecutive championships. [51]
With NHL players participating in the tournament, IIHF officials began to fear that true amateurs and young players were losing their places. As a result, full
world championship status was given to the IIHF World Under-20 Championship, which had been held annually since 1974 as an unofficial invitational
tournament. Colloquially known as the World Junior Hockey Championship, the event was structured after the World Championships, but limited to players
under the age of 20.[52 ] The World Under-18 Championship was established in 1999 and typically held in April. It usually does not involve the top North
American players because they are involved in University or junior league playoffs at the time .[53]
Starting in 1978, the Soviet team won five consecutive World Championships, and had an unbeaten streak that lasted from 1981 through the 1984 Winter
Olympics and until 1985.[54] During that period, Canada remained competitive, winning three bronze medals. World Championship tournaments were not held
in 1980, 1984 or 1988–the Olympic years.[22] The 1987 World Championships in Vienna were over-shadowed by several controversies. At the beginning of
the tournament, the roster of the West German team included Miroslav Sikora, a Polish-German forward who had previously played for Poland at the 1977
World Under-20 Championship. Sikora became a naturalized citizen of West Germany and played in the first three games, scoring a goal in a 3–1 win over
Finland. Following the game, Finland launched a protest , demanding that the result be over-turned because the Germans had used an ineligible player. At the

time, IIHF rules did allow players to switch nationalities under any circumstances and the IIHF agreed to overturn the result and award the two points to
Finland. This angered German officials, who filed a protest in an Austrian court . The court agreed with the Germans, overturning the IIHF decision and
allowing them to keep their points. The result affected the final standings because had the IIHF's decision stood, Finland would have advanced to the medal
round instead of Sweden. [55] However, the Finns finished out of the medal round, and Sweden won their first gold medal since 1962. The tournament format
also became controversial because the Soviet Union finished undefeated but the Swedish team, which had lost three games in the preliminary round, won
because of an inflated 9-0 win over Canada. [56]
1989–1992: Fall of the Iron Curtain

Before 1989, players that lived in the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia, and other nations behind the Iron Curtain were not allowed
to leave and play in the NHL. [58] In March 1989, Sergei Pryakhin became the first member of the Soviet national team who was
permitted to play for a non-Soviet team. [59] Several Soviet players, including Igor Larionov and Viacheslav Fetisov, wanted to
leave and play in the NHL. Soviet officials agreed to allow players to leave if they played one final tournament with the national
team. Players agreed to this, and the Soviet Union won its 21st World Championship.[57 ] Shortly after, Soviet players began to
flood into the NHL.[60] Many of the Soviet Union's top players left, including the entire "Green Unit"–Larionov, Fetisov,
Vladimir Krutov, Sergei Makarov and Alexei Kasatonov.[61] The following year, the Soviet team was in disarray but still
managed to win the 1990 World Championships . It was the final championship the Soviet team would win. In 1991, Swedish
forward Mats Sundin–the first European player to be drafted first overall in the NHL–led his team to the gold medal. The Soviets
won bronze –the last medal the team would ever win.[62]
The Soviet Union dissolved in December 1991. Nine former soviet states became part of the IIHF and started competing in
international competitions, including Belarus , Kazakhstan, Latvia and Ukraine. Russia was named the successor to the Soviet
Soviet forward Igor
Union. With this flood of new teams, the IIHF expanded the number of spots from eight to twelve.[63 ] From 1963 to 1991, only
Larionov won four
four teams won a World Championship medal: the Soviet Union, Czechoslovakia (failing to win a medal only three times),
World Championships
Sweden and Canada. The Soviets won a medal in every tournament they participated in (1954 to 1991).[22 ] At the 1992 World before departing to play
Championships, Sweden won their second consecutive gold. Finland won the silver medal, the nation's first ever World [57]
in the NHL in 1989.
Championship medal (the Finnish team had previously won a silver at the 1988 Winter Olympics).[64]
1993–present
Czechoslovakia split into the Czech Republic and Slovakia in January 1993. The IIHF recognized the Czech Republic's team as the successor to
Czechoslovakia and it retained its position in the top division. Slovakia's team started in the lowest division (Pool C) in 1994 and was forced to work its way
up.[65] Following this, the next decade was dominated by the so-called "big six"–Canada, the Czech Republic, Finland, Russia, Sweden and the United States.
[66] From 1992 to 1996, five different teams won the World Championship. At the 1993 World Championships , Russia won its first title as an independent
nation and the Czech Republic won its first medal (bronze ).[22 ] In 1994, the Canadian team finished the preliminary round undefeated and defeated Finland in
the final to win their first World Championship since 1961.[67 ] The following year in Sweden, the Finnish team won its first ever World Championship. Led
by their top line of Saku Koivu, Ville Peltonen and Jere Lehtinen, the Finns defeated rival Sweden in the gold medal game.[68] At the 1995 Pool B
championships, Slovakia, led by Peter Šťastný won Pool B and was promoted to the top division, where it has remained ever since.[69] In 1996, the Czech
Republic won its first World Championship as an independent nation. During this period, the United States was the only one of the "big six" not to win the
World Championship, [22] although they did win the 1996 World Cup of Hockey.[70 ] In the mid 1990s , several new teams such as Latvia, Belarus and Ukraine
were quickly improving and older nations such as Austria, Italy and Switzerland were at risk of being relegated to Pool B. The IIHF feared that it would lose
advertising revenue if that happened, so the number of teams was increased to 16 starting in 1998.[71]
From 1996 to 2001, the Czech Republic won six consecutive World Championship medals, including World
Championship gold from 1999 to 2001, as well as gold at the 1998 Winter Olympics.[72 ][73] In 2002, the Czechs were
favoured to win, but were upset in the quarter final by Russia. In the gold medal game between Russia and Slovakia,
Slovakian Peter Bondra scored in the final two minutes of the game and the nation won its first ever World
Championship.[74] At the 2003 World Championships, Sweden made one of the biggest comebacks in tournament
history, rallying from a 5–1 deficit in their quarterfinal game against Finland to win 6–5.[75] The gold medal game
between Canada and Sweden went into overtime. Canada's Anson Carter scored the winning goal 13 minutes into play,
Alexander Semin scores a goal but the goal had to be reviewed for ten minutes to determine if the puck had crossed the line.[76] In a rematch between
in the gold medal game between the two nations the following year, Canada won and repeated as champions.[77 ]
Canada and Russia at the 2008
World Championships. The 2004–05 NHL season was locked out, and eventually cancelled , because of a labour dispute between the league and
the players.[78 ] The 2005 World Championships, which featured more top players than normal, was won by the Czech
Republic.[79] At the 2006 Winter Olympics, Sweden won the gold medal over Finland. Three months later , Sweden defeated the Czech Republic and won the
2006 World Championships. They became the first team to win Olympic and World Championship gold in the same year. [80] At the 2007 World
Championship in Moscow, Canada defeated Finland to win the gold medal.[81] The following year, the tournament was held in Canada for the first time.

Russia defeated the home team to win their first gold medal since 1993.[82] The Russian team successfully defended their title with a 2-1 win over Canada in
2009.[83] In 2009, NHL Players' Association director Paul Kelly suggested that the World Championships be held every other year and that the NHL go on
break to allow full player participation. IIHF president René Fasel responded that the tournament has television contracts and hosting commitments and that a
large change would be difficult to put in place.[84]
Tournament structure
The first World Championship to be held as an individual event was in 1930. Twelve different nations participated.
Canada's team was given a bye to the gold medal game, and the rest of the nations played an elimination tournament to
determine which nation would also play for the gold.[85 ] In 1931, the World Championships switched to a similar format
to what was used at the Olympics. Ten teams played series of round-robin format qualifying rounds were played to
determine which nations participated in the medal round. Medals were awarded based on the final standings of the teams
in the medal round. [85] The format was changed several times in the 1930s , in some years there was a gold medal game,
while in others the gold medal was awarded based on points.[85 ] In 1937, the tournament format was again switched to
being similar to the version used at the Olympics. A preliminary round involving 11 teams was played, then the top four
Members of the 2008 World
advanced to the medal round and medals were awarded based on points; no gold medal game was played. A gold medal
Champion Russian team with
game was played in 1938; it was the last gold medal game played in the World Championships until 1992.[85 ] In
1951, President Dmitry Medvedev.
thirteen nations took part and were split into two groups. The top seven teams (Pool A) played for the World
Championship.[85 ] The other six (Pool B) played for ranking purposes . Generally eight teams played in the top-level
Championship, although the number varied over the years, going as low as three (in 1953) and as high as twelve (in 1959). The same format was used until
1992.[85] The format was criticized because often the gold medal winner was decided before the final game was played, such as at the 1988 Winter Olympics.
During a congress in 1990, the IIHF introduced a playoff system.[9 ][86 ] As the IIHF grew, more teams began to participate at the World Championships, so
more pools were introduced. Pool C games were first played in 1961 and Pool D was introduced in 1987.[87] In 2001, the pools were renamed : Pool B became
Division I, Pool C became Division II and Pool D became Division III. [88][89]
The modern format for the World Championship features a minimum of 40 teams: 16 teams in the main championship
group, 12 teams in Division I and 12 teams in Division II. If there are more than 40 teams, the rest compete in Division
III.
The main group features 16 teams. The 16 teams are split into four groups (Groups A through D ) based on their world
ranking . The ranking is based on the standings of the last Winter Olympics and the last four World Championships. The
results of more recent tournaments have a higher weight in the ranking . The last World Championship has 100% value,
the tournament before 75% and so on. The Olympic tournament has the same value as the World Championship the
same year.[90 ] The teams play each other in a round robin format preliminary round, and the top 3 teams in each group
advance into the qualifying round. The qualifying round is another round of group play with two groups of six. In the
qualifying round, teams maintain their results from the preliminary round against other teams who have also advanced
Peter Forsberg's silver medal and only play against teams which they have not previously played against. The top four teams in each qualifying round
from the 2003 tournament. group advance into the knockout playoff stage . In the quarterfinals , the first place team from one group plays the fourth
place team from the other group, and the second place team from one group plays the third place team from the other
group. The winners advance to the semi-finals . The winners of the semi-finals advance to the Gold medal game, and the
losers advance to the Bronze medal game.[91 ]
The bottom four teams in the preliminary round play in another group as well; this group will determine relegation. After a round-robin format, the bottom two
teams are usually relegated to play in Division I the following year.[91] Division I is split into two groups of six, both groups play in round robin tournaments
independent of each other and the championship division . The top team from both divisions is promoted to the championship, while the bottom team is
relegated to Division II. Division II works similarly to Division I, with two six-team groups where each last place team is relegated to the Division III group.
There is no relegation from Division III.[92 ]
Between 1998 and 2004, the IIHF held a "Far East " qualifying tournament with an automatic berth in the championship division on the line. Japan always
won this tournament, but finished last at every World Championship. The team would then be relegated from the Championship and the qualifying tournament
would be held again. The IIHF discontinued the practice following the 2004 Championships, and Japan was relegated to compete in Division I.[93]
Rules
Game rules
See also: Ice hockey rules
At the first tournament in 1920, there were many differences from the modern game: games were played outdoors on
natural ice, forward passes were not allowed,[94] the rink was 56x18 metres (the current International standard is

61x30 metres) and two twenty minute periods were played. [10] Each side had seven players on the ice, the extra position
being the rover.[9 ] Following the tournament, the IIHF held a congress and decided to adopt the "Canadian rules"–six
men per side and three periods of play.[94]
At an IIHF congress in 1969, officials voted to allow body-checking in all three zones in a rink similar to the NHL. Prior
to that, body-checking was only allowed in the defending zone in international hockey. The IIHF later described the rule
change as "arguably the most substantial and dramatic rule changes in the history of international hockey" because it
allowed for a more aggressive game. [95] The rule, which was first applied at the 1970 World Championships, was A game between Canada and
controversial: IIHF president Bunny Ahearne feared it would make ice hockey "a sport for goons." [95] Several other rule Sweden during the 1928 Winter
changes were implemented in the early 1970s : players were required to wear helmets starting in 1970 and goaltender Olympics.
masks became mandatory in 1972.[9] In 1992, the IIHF switched to using a playoff system to determine medalists and
decided that tie games in the medal round would be decided in a shootout.[96] The IIHF decided to test a new rule in 1997 that would allow two-line passes.
Prior to that, the neutral zone trap had slowed the game down and reduced scoring. At the 1997 World Championships, teams were allowed to decide if they
wanted to test the rule. Although no team accepted the offer, the rule was adopted. The IIHF described it as "the most revolutionary rule change since allowing
body-checking in all three zones in 1969. [...] The new rule almost immediately changed the game for the better. The 1999 IIHF World Championship in
Norway was a stark contrast to the finals the year before with many more goals scored and with end-to-end action – not defence – dominating play." [97 ]
The current IIHF rules differ slightly from the rules used in the NHL.[98] One difference between NHL and IIHF rules is rink dimensions: the NHL rink is
narrower, measuring 61x26 metres (200x85 feet), instead of the international size of 61x30 metres (200x98.5 feet).[99] Another rule difference between the
NHL and the IIHF rules concerns how icings are called . In the NHL, a linesman stops play due to icing if a defending player (other than the goaltender)
touches the puck before an attacking player is able to,[100] in contrast to the IIHF rules where play is stopped the moment the puck crosses the goal line.[100]
The NHL and IIHF differ also in penalty rules. The NHL, in addition to the minor and double minor penalties called in IIHF games, calls major penalties
which are more dangerous infractions of the rules, such as fighting, and have a duration of five minutes.[101] This is in contrast to the IIHF rule, in which
players who fight are ejected from the game.[102]
Beginning with the 2005–06 season, the NHL instituted several new rules. Some of them were already used by the IIHF, such as the shootout and making the
two-line pass legal.[103] Others which were not picked up by the IIHF, such as requiring smaller goaltender equipment and the addition of the goaltender
trapezoid to the rink.[104] However, the IIHF did agree to follow the NHL's league's zero -tolerance policy on obstruction and required referees to call more
hooking, holding and interference penalties .[105][106] In 2006, the IIHF voted to eliminate tie games and institute a three point system: wins in regulation time
would be worth three points, overtime wins would be two points and over-time losses would be worth one point . The system was first used at the 2007 World
Championships.[107]
Player eligibility
The World Championships have been open to all players, both professional and amateur, since 1977.[51] The IIHF lists the following requirements for a player
to be eligible to play:[108]
"Each player must be under the jurisdiction of an IIHF member national association ."
"Each player must be a citizen of the country he represents ."
If a player who has never played in an IIHF competition changes their citizenship, they must participate in national competitions in their new country for at
least two consecutive years and have an international transfer card (ITC).[108] If a player who has previously played in an IIHF tournament wishes to change
their national team, they must have played in their new country for four years. A player can only do this once. [108]
Divisions
As of 2009, the IIHF World Championships are split up into four different divisions. This is the alignment of the divisions, accurate as of the 2009 IIHF World
Ranking. Teams that are not ranked are not included here , for a full list of IIHF members, see List of members of the International Ice Hockey Federation.
Keys:
Promoted
Never been promoted/relegated (started in that division )
Relegated
Championship
See also: List of IIHF World Championship medalists

The Championship division comprises the top sixteen hockey nations in the world. The 74th championship will be held between 7 and 23 May 2010 in
Cologne, Mannheim and Gelsenkirchen, Germany.[92] An IIHF rule is that the host of the next tournament cannot be relegated, which is in place to help make
a tournament more successful.[109]
Group IIHF Ranking Member of Member of

Nation Ref.
(as of 2010) (as of 2010) IIHF since division since
Belarus Group A 9 1992 2005 [110]
Canada Group B 1 1920 1951 [111]
Czech Republic Group C 6 1908[A] 1993 [112]
Denmark Group D 13 1946 2003 [113]

Finland Group D 3 1928 1951 [114]
France Group C 16 1908 2008 [115]
Germany Group D 12 1909 2007 [116]
Italy Group B 15 1924 2010 [117]
Kazakhstan Group A 19 1992 2010 [118]
Latvia Group B 10 1931 1997 [119]
Norway Group C 11 1935 2006 [120]
Russia Group A 2 1952[B] 1992 [121]
Slovakia Group A 7 1993 1996 [122]

Sweden Group C 4 1912 1951 [123]
Switzerland Group B 8 1908 1998 [124]
United States Group D 5 1920 1985 [125]
^ A. The IIHF recognizes Bohemia, which joined in 1908, and Czechoslovakia as the predecessors to the Czech Republic, which officially became a member
in 1993. [112]
^ B. The IIHF recognizes the Soviet Union, which joined in 1952, as the predecessor to Russia, which officially became a member in 1992.[121]
Division I
Main article: IIHF World Championship Division I
Twelve teams comprise Division I. They are broken into two groups, with the winner of each group gaining promotion to the World Championship pool for the
following year. The tournament was held 11–17 April 2009. Group A games were played in Vilnius, Lithuania, and Group B games were in Toruń, Poland.[92 ]

Nation Ref.
Austria Group A 14 1912 2010 [126]
Croatia Group B 27 1992 2008 [127]
Great Britain Group B 24 1908 1995 [128]
Hungary Group B 20 1927 2010 [129]
Japan Group A 21 1930 2005 [130]
Lithuania Group A 23 1938 2005 [131]
Netherlands Group A 25 1935 2000 [132]
Poland Group B 22 1926 2003 [133]
Serbia Group A 29 1939[C] 2010 [134]

Slovenia Group B 18 1992 2009 [135]
South Korea Group B 33 1960 2010 [136]
Ukraine Group A 17 1992 2008 [137]
^ C. The IIHF recognizes Yugoslavia, which joined in 1939, as the predecessor to Serbia, which officially became a member in 2007.[134 ][138]
Division II
Main article: IIHF World Championship Division II

Twelve teams comprise Division II. They are also broken into two groups competing to advance into Division I. Group A games were held in Novi Sad, Serbia,
7–13 April 2009 and Group B games were held in be Sofia, Bulgaria, 6–12 April 2009.[92 ]

Nation Ref.
Australia Group A 34 1938 2010 [139]
Belgium Group A 36 1908 2005 [140]
Bulgaria Group A 31 1960 1999 [141]
China Group B 36 1963 2008 [142]
Estonia Group B 26 1935 2009 [143]
Iceland Group B 39 1992 2007 [144]
Israel Group B 38 1991 2007 [145]

Mexico Group A 32 1985 2006 [146]
New Zealand Group B 40 1977 2010 [147]
Romania Group B 28 1924 2010 [148]
Spain Group A 30 1923 2000 [149]
Turkey Group A 37 1991 2010 [150]
Division III
Main article: IIHF World Championship Division III
Division III is made up of two group of four teams. The top two in each year's tournament are promoted to Division II. The most recent Division III
tournament was held in Dunedin, New Zealand , 10–16 April 2009. [92]

Nation Ref.
Armenia Group B 48 1999 2004 [151]
Greece Group A 46 1987 2008 [152]
Ireland Group A 42 1996 2009 [153]
Luxembourg Group A 44 1912 2005 [154]
Mongolia Group B 45 1999 2007 [155]
North Korea Group B 43 1944 2010 [156]
South Africa Group B 41 1937 2010 [157]
United Arab Emirates Group A — 2001 2010 [158]
Ranked teams not participating in 2010
IIHF Ranking Member of

Nation Ref
(as of 2010) IIHF since
Bosnia and Herzegovina 47 2001 [159]
Directorate Awards
Main article: List of IIHF World Championship directorate award winners
Since 1954, the IIHF has given awards for play during the World Championship tournament . Voted on by the tournament directorate, the first awards
recognised the top goaltender, forward and defenceman.[160 ] In 1999, an award for the most valuable player was added . There is also an all-star team voted on
by members of the media. In 2004, Canadian Dany Heatley became the first player to lead in scoring, win the MVP award, win the best forward award and be
named to the all-star team in the same year.[161 ] He repeated the feat in 2008.[162]
Other men's national team tournaments

Main article: List of international ice hockey competitions featuring NHL players
World Championships

IIHF World U18 Championships

IIHF World U20 Championship
NHL participation
Ice hockey at the Olympic Games

Canada Cup–An NHL-sanctioned tournament played between professional players from the top teams in the world five times between 1976 and 1991.
[163]
World Cup of Hockey–The successor to the Canada Cup, played in 1996 and 2004.[163]
Summit Series–The series played between Canada and the Soviet Union in 1972.[164]
Other
Spengler Cup–An invitational ice hockey tournament hosted by HC Davos and held in Davos, Switzerland. A Canadian national team–mostly made up
of Canadians playing in Europe–has participated in the tournament since 1984.[165]
World U -17 Hockey Challenge–A tournament held by Hockey Canada played by regional teams from Canada as well as several under-17 national teams
from other nations.[166 ]
Ivan Hlinka Memorial Tournament –An unofficial tournament for players under 18. It was previously known as the U-18 Junior World Cup, but
renamed following the death of Ivan Hlinka .[53]
See also
List of IIHF World Championships by Attendance
IIHF World Women's U 18 Championships
IIHF World Women Championships
Notes
1. ^ "It all started in Paris, 1908" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-
iihf.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
2. ^ Farrell, Arthur (1899). Hockey: Canada's Royal Winter Game. pp. 27.
3. ^ Wong 2001, pp. 41– 45
4. ^ Wong 2001, p . 99
5. ^ Wong 2001, pp. 127 –128
6. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #84– A Swiss Alpine village sees the dawn of international hockey" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-84.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100-top-
stories/story-84. html. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
7. ^ McGourty , John (2006-11-26). NHL celebrates 90th anniversary today (http://www.nhl. com/nhl/app/?service=page &page =NewsPage&articleid=344517) .
National Hockey League. http://www.nhl.com/nhl/app/?service=page& page =NewsPage& articleid=344517 . Retrieved 2009-03-10.
8. ^ "It all started in Les Avants, 1910" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-
home/history/all-medallists.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
9. ^ a b c d e f "International hockey timeline" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/timeline.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/
iihf-home/history/the-iihf/timeline.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
10. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #21– Ice Hockey debuts at the Olympics" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-
anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-21.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/
story-21.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
11. ^ "1920 - Summer Olympics VII (Antwerp, Belgium )" (http://www. tsn.ca /olympics/feature/?fid=9346) . The Sports Network. http://www.tsn .ca/olympics/feature/?
fid=9346. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
12. ^ "United States is second at hockey; Victory Over Czechoslovak Team by 16 to 0 Gives Americans 3 Points in Olympics." (http://query.nytimes.com/gst /
abstract.html? res=9B0 CE4 D81E3CEE 3ABC 4151DFB266838B639 EDE) . The New York Times. 1920-04-29. http://query.nytimes.com/gst /abstract. html?
res=9B0 CE4D81E3CEE 3ABC4151DFB266838 B639 EDE. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
13. ^ "Chamonix 1924" (http://www.olympic.org/uk/games/past /index_uk. asp?OLGT=2 &OLGY =1924) . International Olympic Committee . http://www. olympic.org/
uk/games/past /index_uk. asp?OLGT=2 &OLGY =1924. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
14. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #53– Harry Watson scores at will in Olympics" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-
15. ^ "1928 - Winter Olympics II (St. Moritz , Switzerland)" (http://www.tsn .ca/olympics/feature/? fid=10264) . The Sports Network. http://www.tsn .ca/olympics/
feature/? fid=10264. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
mes
16. ^ Comité Olympique Suisse (1928) (in French) (PDF). Rapport Général du Comité Exécutif des II Jeux Olympiques d'hiver (http://www. la84foundation.org/6 oic/
OfficialReports/1928/1928w1.pdf ) . Lausanne: Imprimerie du Léman. http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1928/1928w1. pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
17. ^ "1932 - Winter Olympics III (Lake Placid, United States)" (http://www. tsn.ca /olympics/feature/?fid=10265) . The Sports Network. http://www.tsn. ca/olympics/
feature/? fid=10265. Retrieved 2009-03-10.

18. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #78– USA wins its first and so far only Worlds in 1933, denying Canada for the first time" (http://
www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-78. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-
iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-78.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
19. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #15– Great Britain wins Olympic gold" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100-
top-stories/story-15.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year -anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-15.html. Retrieved
2009-03-10.
20. ^ "Historia" (http://www.finhockey.fi /info/historia/) (in Finnish). Finnish Ice Hockey Association. http://www.finhockey.fi/info /historia/. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
21. ^ (ed.) Carl Diem (January 1940). "The Fifth Olympic Winter Games Will Not Be Held" (http://www.la84foundation. org/OlympicInformationCenter/
OlympicReview/1940/ORUE 8/ORUE 8c .pdf) (PDF). Olympic Review (Berlin: International Olympic Institute) (8): 8– 10. http://www.la84foundation.org/
OlympicInformationCenter/OlympicReview/1940/ORUE8/ORUE8c .pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
22. ^ a b c d e f g "Past medalists" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/men.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/
history/all-medallists/men.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
23. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #82– USA sends two teams to the 1948 Olympics" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year -
24. ^ "Ice Hockey at the 1948 Sankt Moritz Winter Games: Men's Ice Hockey" (http://www. sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1948/ICH/mens-ice -hockey.html) .
sports-reference.com. http://www.sports-reference.com/olympics/winter/1948/ICH/mens-ice -hockey.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
es
25. ^ Comité Olympique Suisse (January 1951) (in French) (PDF). Rapport Général sur les V Jeux Olympiques d 'hiver St-Moritz 1948 (http://
www.la84foundation.org /6oic/OfficialReports/1948/ORW1948.pdf) . Lausanne: H. Jaunin. pp. 69. http://www.la84foundation. org/6oic/OfficialReports/1948/
ORW1948. pdf. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
26. ^ "1952 - Winter Olympics VI (Oslo , Norway)" (http://www.tsn .ca /olympics/feature/?fid=10270) . The Sports Network. http://www. tsn.ca /olympics/feature/?
fid=10270. Retrieved 2009-03-01.
27. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #57– Tre Kronor’s win over Canada becomes sports lore in Sweden" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
28. ^ a b c Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #4 –Soviets hammer Canada, win gold at their first Worlds" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-4. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100-top-
stories/story-4 .html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
29. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #94– Penticton Vees defeat Soviets to reclaim World Championship gold" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/
the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-94.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year -anniversary/100 -
top-stories/story-94.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
30. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #25– Soviet Union win their first Olympics , starting a new hockey era" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
31. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #71– Worlds final in front of 50,000 fans at soccer stadiuma" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -
year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-71.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100-top-stories/
32. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #16– USA's original but unheralded "Miracle on Ice"" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-
33. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #66– Trail Smoke Eaters' gold ends hockey's amateur era" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-
34. ^ "Father David Bauer" (http://www.legendsofhockey. net:8080/LegendsOfHockey/jsp /LegendsMember.jsp?
mem=b 198901& type=Builder& page=bio& list=ByName#photo) . Legends of Hockey. Hockey Hall of Fame. http://www.legendsofhockey.net:8080/
LegendsOfHockey/jsp /LegendsMember.jsp ? mem=b 198901& type=Builder& page=bio& list=ByName#photo. Retrieved 2009-03-12.
35. ^ "1964 - Winter Olympics IX (Innsbruck, Austria)" (http://www.tsn. ca/olympics/feature/? fid=10273) . The Sports Network. http://www.tsn .ca/olympics/feature/?
fid=10273. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
36. ^ "'64 Team Canada gets bronze medals" (http://www.tsn .ca/canadian_hockey/story/? id=123399& lid=sublink05& lpos=topStory_canadian_hockey) . The Sports
Network. 2005-04-30. http://www.tsn .ca/canadian_hockey/story/? id=123399& lid=sublink05& lpos=topStory_ canadian_hockey. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
37. ^ "1964 Canadian Olympic hockey team to be honoured" (http://www.cbc. ca/sports/story/2005/04/29/olympichockey050429. html) . CBC Sports. 2005-04-29. http://
www.cbc.ca /sports/story/2005/04/29/olympichockey050429.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
38. ^ "IIHF denies Canada 1964 bronze" (http://www.tsn. ca/canadian_ hockey/story/?id =127513 ) . The Sports Network. 2005-06-05. http://www.tsn .ca/canadian_
hockey/story/?id =127513 . Retrieved 2009-03-10.
39. ^ Houston, William (2005-09-21). "IIHF backs off on giving Canadians 1964 bronze medal" (http://www. theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/
LAC/20050921 /TRUTH 21/TPSports /Hockey) . The Globe and Mail. http://www.theglobeandmail.com/servlet/ArticleNews/TPStory/LAC/20050921/TRUTH 21/
TPSports/Hockey. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
40. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #81– Czechoslovakia snaps Soviets' six -year winning streak" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -
th
41. ^ (PDF) X Winter Olympic Games Official Report (http://www.la84foundation.org/6oic/OfficialReports/1968/or1968.pdf) . Comité d'Organisation des xèmes Jeux
Olympiques d 'Hiver de Grenoble . 1969. pp. 386. http://www.la84foundation.org/6 oic/OfficialReports/1968/or1968.pdf . Retrieved 2009-03-10.
42. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #5– 1972 – Soviet streak of nine straight World golds ends" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-
year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-5. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100-top-stories/
story-5. html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.

43. ^ a b c Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #18– Two games Czechoslovakia simply couldn’t lose " (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-
44. ^ "Record book" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/history/all-medallists/men/record-book.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/
history/all-medallists/men/record-book. html. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
45. ^ a b c Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #17– Protesting amateur rules, Canada leaves international hockey" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
46. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #40– Finally, Canada to host the World Championship" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -
47. ^ "Summit Series '72 Summary" (http://www.hhof.com/html/GamesSummarySUM1972.shtml) . Hockey Hall of Fame. http://www. hhof.com/html/
GamesSummarySUM1972.shtml. Retrieved 2009-03-02.
48. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #67– The perfect game against the best team: Czechoslovaks-Soviets 7-2 " (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-
home/the-iihf/100-year -anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-67.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-
anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-67.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
49. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #39– Poland scores biggest shocker in World Championship history" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
50. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #6 –First Canada Cup opens up the hockey world" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-
anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-6.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100-top-stories/
story-6. html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
51. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #13– After a seven-year absence, Canada returns to the Worlds" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-13.html) . http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year -anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-13.html. Retrieved
2009-03-10.
52. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #91– The World U20 Championship takes its place on the IIHF calendar" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/
the-iihf/100-year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-91.html) . http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-anniversary/100-top-stories/story-91.html. Retrieved
2009-03-10.
53. ^ a b "Canada blanks U.S. to win Under-18 gold" (http://www.tsn .ca /story/? id =174055& hubname=main) . The Sports Network. 2006-08-12. http://www.tsn .ca/
story/? id=174055& hubname=main. Retrieved 2009-03-13.
54. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #62– Soviets’ revenge for Lake Placid – 13-1 over Sweden" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-
year-anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-62.html) . http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year -anniversary/100 -top-stories/story-62.html. Retrieved 2009-03-10.
55. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #29–"Sikora case" - Vienna court decides the 1987 Worlds medal race" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
2009-03-10.
56. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #44– Amid turmoil, Sweden wins first gold in a quarter of a century" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-
2009-03-10.
57. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #65– Igor Larionov openly revolts against coach, system" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -
58. ^ Pincus 2006, p. 148
59. ^ Boer 2006, p. 104
60. ^ Duhatschek, Eric (1989-06-18). "GMs figure Soviets one day will flood market". Calgary Herald: p. E4.
61. ^ Sweeping Changes (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/hockey/news/2002/09/27/soviet_ legacy/) . Sports Illustrated. 2002-09-27. http://sportsillustrated. cnn.com/
hockey/news/2002/09/27/soviet_ legacy/. Retrieved 2008-08-08.
62. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #32– Sundin’s marvellous goal ends Soviet Union’s hockey era" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-
63. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #42;Breakup of old Europe creates a new hockey world " (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year -
64. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #95– 1988 Olympic silver – Finland is finally a true hockey power" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/the-
65. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #77– Recently separated, Czechs and Slovaks meet in World Championships final" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-
66. ^ Lapointe, Joe (2002-02-11). "Olympics : Hockey; N.H.L. and Its Teams Send Players to Bench" (http://query.nytimes. com/gst /fullpage.html?
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67. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #45– Luc Robitaille the hero as Canada wins first World Championship in 33 years" (http://www. iihf.com/
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68. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #26– Tupu, Hupu & Lupu take Finland to the top of the World" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-

69. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #75– At 39, Peter Stastny closes circle and promotes his country to the A Pool" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-
70. ^ Lapointe, Joe (1996-09-16). "Maple Leaf Wilts Under Stars & Stripes" (http://query.nytimes.com/gst /fullpage.html?
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71. ^ Gibbons, Dennis (2001). "Preview of the 2001 IIHF World Championship" (http://www. hockeycanada.ca /index.php /ci_id /4787/la_id /1.htm?) . Hockey Canada.
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72. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #10– Czech Republic wins first "open" Olympics" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-
73. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #64– Moravec’s OT winner cements Czech dominance" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year -
74. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #22– Bondra’s bomb – the biggest thing for Slovakia since independence" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/
75. ^ "As good as it gets" (http://sportsillustrated.cnn.com/hockey/news/2003/05/09/swedencanada_ preview_ap/) . Sports Illustrated. 2003-05-09. http://
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76. ^ "Canada clinch world title" (http://news.bbc.co. uk/sport2 /hi/other_sports/3018899.stm) . BBC Sports. 2003-05-11. http://news. bbc.co.uk/sport2 /hi/other_
sports/3018899. stm. Retrieved 2009-03-11.
77. ^ Bulman, Erica (2004-05-09). "Canada beats Sweden for 23rd world hockey title" (http://www. usatoday.com/sports/olympics/winter/2004-05-09-canada-gold_
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78. ^ Canadian Press (2005-01-03). "IIHF not giving up on NHLers in Turin" (http://www.tsn .ca /olympics/story/?id =109955 &hubname=olympics) . The Sports
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79. ^ Marrapese-Burrell, Nancy (2005-05-16). "Canada checks out Czechs derail three-peat try" (http://www.boston. com/sports/hockey/minors/articles/2005/05/16/
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80. ^ The Associated Press (2006-05-22). "Sweden Wins World Hockey Title" (http://www.nytimes.com/2006/05/22/sports/hockey/22world. html) . The New York Times.
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81. ^ "Canada wins world hockey championship" (http://www. cbc.ca/sports/hockey/story/2007/05/13/canada-finland-gold.html) . CBC Sports. 2007-05-13. http://
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82. ^ "Russia beats Canada 5 -4 in overtime to win world title" (http://www.iht.com/articles/2008/05/19/sports/iceworld19.php ) . International Herald Tribune.
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83. ^ "Russia tops Canada, defends world title" (http://sports.espn. go.com/oly/olyhockey/news/story?id =4156467 ) . ESPN. 2009-05-10. http://sports.espn.go.com/oly/
olyhockey/news/story? id =4156467. Retrieved 2009-12-31.
84. ^ Johnston, Chris (2009-05-08). "Future of international hockey debated at world championship" (http://www.ctvolympics. ca/hockey/news/newsid=10462.html?
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85. ^ a b c d e f Hockey Canada. "World Championship statistics" (http://www.hockeycanada. ca/index.php /ci_ id/57519/la_id /1.htm) (PDF). Press release. http://
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86. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #89– Finally, there's a real final game, The IIHF adopts a playoff system" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/
87. ^ "Hong Kong in over its head in Pool D". The Atlanta Journal. 1988-02-20.
88. ^ "IIHF Championships 2000" (http://www.iihf.com/en/iihf-home/history/past-tournaments/iihf-championships-2000.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation.
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89. ^ "IIHF Championships 2001" (http://www.iihf.com/en/iihf-home/history/past-tournaments/iihf-championships-2001.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation.
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90. ^ "2008 Men's World Ranking" (http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/championships/world -ranking/mens-world-ranking/2008-ranking.html) . International Ice
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91. ^ a b "Tournament format" (http://www.iihf. com/channels/iihf-world-championship-oc09/home/tournament-information/tournament-format. html) . International Ice
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92. ^ a b c d e "Championships" (http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/championships.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/home-of-hockey/
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93. ^ Edvinsson , Jan-Ake, ed (November 2003). "News release– Hockey fans are the best in the world" (http://www.iihf. com/fileadmin/user_upload /PDF/The_IIHF/
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94. ^ a b Hansen, Kenth (May 1996). "The Birth of Swedish Ice Hockey — Antwerp 1920" (http://www.la84foundation.org /SportsLibrary/JOH/JOHv4 n2 /
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95. ^ a b Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #19– IIHF allows bodychecking in all three zones" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -year-
96. ^ "All game-winning shot competitions ("shootouts")" (http://stats.iihf.com/archive/Overtimes. pdf) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://stats.iihf.com/archive/
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97. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #27– Dropping the red-line, allowing the two-line pass changes the Game" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/
98. ^ "IIHF Rule Book" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/sport/iihf-rule-book.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/sport/iihf-rule-
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99. ^ "VANOC shrinks Olympic ice" (http://slam.canoe.ca /Slam/Olympics /2010Vancouver/2006/06/08/1620669-sun.html) . The Vancouver Sun . Canadian Online
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100. ^ a b National Hockey League (2005). "Icing the puck" (http://www.nhl. com/rules/rule65.html) . National Hockey League. http://www. nhl.com/rules/rule65.html.
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101. ^ National Hockey League (2005). "Major penalties" (http://www.nhl.com/rules/rule27. html) . National Hockey League. http://www.nhl.com/rules/rule27.html.
102. ^ "Ice Hockey Essentials — International vs. NHL" (http://www. hockeycentral.co.uk/olympics/diff_rules.html) . CBC Sports. 2006. http://www.hockeycentral. co.uk/
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103. ^ Burnside, Scott (2005-07-25). "Rule changes geared toward entertainment" (http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?id =2114523 ) . ESPN. http://
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104. ^ "Olympics vs. NHL : How the rules are different " (http://sports. espn.go.com/nhl/news/story? id=2261075) . ESPN. 2005-12-16. http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/
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105. ^ Burnside, Scott. "Tough test for Turin; cap on the brain" (http://sports.espn. go.com/nhl/news/story? id=2256450) . ESPN . http://sports.espn.go.com/nhl/news/story?
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106. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #31– Zebras told to crackdown — once and for all" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100-year-
107. ^ Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). "Story #93– Tie games are history; a win earns three points for teams" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/the-iihf/100 -
108. ^ a b c "IIHF Eligibility" (http://www.iihf.com/en/home-of-hockey/championships /iihf-eligibility. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/en/
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109. ^ Podnieks, Andrew (2009-05-04). "DEN-AUT – this is it!" (http://www.iihf.com/channels/iihf-world-championship-oc09/home/news/news-singleview-world -
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110. ^ "Belarus" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belarus.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belarus.html.
111. ^ "Canada" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/canada. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/canada.html.
112. ^ a b "Czech Republic" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/czech-republic.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/
countries/czech-republic. html. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
113. ^ "Denmark " (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/denmark. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/denmark.html.
114. ^ "Finland" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/finland.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/finland.html.
115. ^ "France" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/france.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/france.html.
116. ^ "Germany " (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/germany. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/germany.html.
117. ^ "Italy" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/italy.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/italy.html. Retrieved
2009-03-08.
118. ^ "Kazakhstan" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/kazakhstan.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/
kazakhstan.html. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
119. ^ "Latvia" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/latvia. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/latvia.html. Retrieved
2009-03-08.
120. ^ "Norway" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/norway.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/norway.html.
121. ^ a b "Russia" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/russia. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/russia.html.
122. ^ "Slovakia" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovakia.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovakia.html.
123. ^ "Sweden" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/sweden. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/sweden.html.
124. ^ "Switzerland" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/switzerland.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/
switzerland.html. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
125. ^ "United States" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-states.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-
states.html. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
126. ^ "Austria" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/austria.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/austria.html.
127. ^ "Croatia" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/croatia .html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/croatia. html.

128. ^ "Great Britain" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/great-britain. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/great-
britain.html. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
129. ^ "Hungary" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hungary.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/hungary. html.
130. ^ "Japan" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/japan.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/japan.html. Retrieved
2009-03-08.
131. ^ "Lithuania" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/lithuania. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/lithuania.html.
132. ^ "Netherlands" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/netherlands. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/
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133. ^ "Poland" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/poland.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/poland .html.
134. ^ a b "Serbia" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/serbia.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/serbia.html.
135. ^ "Slovenia" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovenia.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/slovenia.html.
136. ^ "Korea" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/korea.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/korea.html. Retrieved
2009-03-08.
137. ^ "Ukraine" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/ukraine.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ukraine.html.
138. ^ "1934-1945" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/the-iihf/epochs/1934-1945.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/history/
the-iihf/epochs/1934-1945.html. Retrieved 2008-03-18.
139. ^ "Australia" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/australia.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/australia.html.
140. ^ "Belgium " (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belgium.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/belgium.html.
141. ^ "Bulgaria" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bulgaria.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bulgaria.html.
142. ^ "China" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/china.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/china. html. Retrieved
2009-03-08.
143. ^ "Estonia" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/estonia.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/estonia.html.
144. ^ "Iceland" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/iceland.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/iceland.html.
145. ^ "Israel" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/israel.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/israel.html. Retrieved
2009-03-08.
146. ^ "Mexico " (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mexico.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/mexico.html.
147. ^ "New Zealand" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/new-zealand. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/new-
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148. ^ "Romania" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/romania. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/romania.html.
149. ^ "Spain" (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/spain.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/spain.html. Retrieved
2009-03-08.
150. ^ "Turkey" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/turkey.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/turkey.html.
151. ^ "Armenia" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/armenia.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/armenia. html.
152. ^ "Greece" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/greece.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/greece.html.
153. ^ "Ireland" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/ireland.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/ireland.html.
154. ^ "Luxembourg " (http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/luxembourg.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/
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155. ^ "Mongolia" (http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/mongolia.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/
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156. ^ "North Korea" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/dpr-korea. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-home/countries/dpr-
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157. ^ "South Africa" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/south-africa.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www. iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/south-
africa.html. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
158. ^ "United Arab Emirites" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/united-arab -emirates.html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/
countries/united-arab-emirates.html. Retrieved 2009-03-08.
159. ^ "Bosnia and Herzegovina" (http://www.iihf.com/iihf-home/countries/bosnia -herzegovina. html) . International Ice Hockey Federation. http://www.iihf. com/iihf-
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160. ^ "IIHF directorate awards and most valuable player" (http://www. hockeycanada.ca /index.php /ci_id /5051/la_id /1.htm) . Hockey Canada. http://
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Pincus, Arthur (2006). The Official Illustrated NHL History. Readers Digest. ISBN 0-88850-800-X .
Szemberg, Szymon; Podnieks, Andrew (2008). IIHF Top 100 Hockey Stories of All-Time. H. B. Fenn & Company, Ltd.. ISBN 9781551683584.
Wong, John Chi-Kit (2001). The Development of Professional Hockey and the Making of the National Hockey League. University of Maryland College
Park. ISBN 978-0-493-36894-8.
External links
International Ice Hockey Federation (http://www.iihf .com ) - official website
World Championships (http ://www.iihf.com/channels/iihf -world-championship-oc09/home.html) - official website
Result archive (http ://www.iihf.com/archive/archive.htm) - Full results for men 's , women's and junior championships since 1999 and medalists for all
tournaments.
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice _Hockey_World_Championships"
Categories: Ice hockey | Ice hockey tournaments | IIHF Men's World Ice Hockey Championships | IIHF Tournaments | Events cancelled due to World War II
This page was last modified on 22 April 2010 at 17:55.

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Ice Hockey World Championships - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Page 1

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1930–1953: Canadian dominance

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1954–1962: Canada-Soviet Union rivalry

1963–1976: Soviet dominance

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1976–1987: First years of open competition

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1989–1992: Fall of the Iron Curtain

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Group IIHF Ranking Member of Member of

Czech Republic Group C 6 1908[A] 1993 [112]

Denmark Group D 13 1946 2003 [113]

Russia Group A 2 1952[B] 1992 [121]

Slovakia Group A 7 1993 1996 [122]

Switzerland Group B 8 1908 1998 [124]

United States Group D 5 1920 1985 [125]

Group IIHF Ranking Member of Member of

Serbia Group A 29 1939[C] 2010 [134]

Ukraine Group A 17 1992 2008 [137]

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Group IIHF Ranking Member of Member of

Iceland Group B 39 1992 2007 [144]

Israel Group B 38 1991 2007 [145]

Group IIHF Ranking Member of Member of

Ranked teams not participating in 2010

IIHF Ranking Member of

Other men's national team tournaments

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IIHF World U18 Championships

Ice hockey at the Olympic Games

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http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships 6/5/2010 8:52:08 AM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships 6/5/2010 8:52:08 AM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships 6/5/2010 8:52:08 AM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships 6/5/2010 8:52:08 AM

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships 6/5/2010 8:52:08 AM

This page was last modified on 22 April 2010 at 17:55.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_Hockey_World_Championships 6/5/2010 8:52:08 AM

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