MTH 233 STATISTICS

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1
Which of the following statistics are unbiased estimators of population parameters?
Choose the correct answer below. Select all that apply.

A.
Sample median used to estimate a population median.

B.
Sample proportion used to estimate a population proportion.

C.
Sample standard deviation used to estimate a population standard deviation.

D.
Sample range used to estimate a population range.

E.
Sample variance used to estimate a population variance.

F.
Sample mean used to estimate a population mean.

When two births are randomly selected, the sample space for genders is bb, bg, gb, and gg.
Assume that those four outcomes are equally likely. Construct a table that describes the
sampling distribution of the sample proportion of girls from two births. Does the mean of the
sample proportions equal the proportion of girls in two births? Does the result suggest that a
sample proportion is an unbiased estimator of a population proportion? For the
entire population, assume the probability of having a boy is
one half12,
the probability of having a girl is
one half12,
and this is not affected by how many boys or girls have previously been born.
Determine the probabilities of each sample proportion.
Sample proportion of girls
0
0.5
1

Does the mean of the sample proportions equal the proportion of girls in two births?

A.
Yes, both the mean of the sample proportions and the population proportion are
one third13.

B.
Yes, both the mean of the sample proportions and the population proportion are
one half12.

C.
Yes, both the mean of the sample proportions and the population proportion are
one fourth14.

D.
No, the mean of the sample proportions and the population proportion are not equal.
Does the result suggest that a sample proportion is an unbiased estimator of a
population proportion?

3
Assume a population of
44,
55,
and
99.
Assume that samples of size
nequals=2
are randomly selected with replacement from the population. Listed below are the nine
different samples. Complete parts a through d below.
44,44

44,55

44,99

55,44

a. Find the value of the population standard deviation

sigma.
sigmaequals=
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
b. Find the standard deviation of each of the nine samples, then summarize the sampling
distribution of the standard deviations in the format of a table representing the probability
distribution of the distinct standard deviation values. Use ascending order of the sample
standard deviations.
s

Probability

0
0.707
2.828
3.536
(Type integers or fractions.)
c. Find the mean of the sampling distribution of the sample standard deviations.
sigma overbarequals=
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
d. Do the sample standard deviations target the value of the population standard deviation?
In general, do sample standard deviations make good estimators of population
standard deviations? Why or why not?

A.

55,55

The sample standard deviations do target the population standard deviation, therefore,
sample standard deviations are unbiased estimators.

B.
The sample standard deviations do not target the population standard deviation, therefore,
sample standard deviations are unbiased estimators.

4
The population of current statistics students has ages with mean
mu
and standard deviation
sigma.
Samples of statistics students are randomly selected so that there are exactly
6060
students in each sample. For each sample, the mean age is computed. What does the central
limit theorem tell us about the distribution of those mean ages?
Choose the correct answer below.

A.
Because
ngreater than>30,
the sampling distribution of the mean ages can be approximated by a normal distribution with
mean
mu
and standard deviation
sigma.

B.
Because
ngreater than>30,
the sampling distribution of the mean ages can be approximated by a normal distribution with
mean
mu
and standard deviation

StartFraction sigma Over StartRoot 60 EndRoot EndFraction 60.

C.
Because
ngreater than>30,
the sampling distribution of the mean ages is precisely a normal distribution with mean
mu
and standard deviation
StartFraction sigma Over StartRoot 60 EndRoot EndFraction 60.

D.
Because
ngreater than>30,
the central limit theorem does not apply in this situation.

5
The capacity of an elevator is
1212
people or
20402040
pounds. The capacity will be exceeded if
1212
people have weights with a mean greater than
2040 divided by 12 equals 170 pounds.2040/12=170 pounds.
Suppose the people have weights that are normally distributed with a mean of
179 lb179 lb
and a standard deviation of
32 lb32 lb.
(a)
Find the probability that if a person is randomly selected, his weight will be greater than
170170
pounds.
The probability is approximately
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
(b) Find the probability that
1212

randomly selected people will have a mean that is greater than

170170
pounds.
The probability is approximately
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
(c) Does the elevator appear to have the correct weight limit? Why or why not?

A.
No,
12
randomly selected people will never be under the weight limit.

B.
No, there is a good chance that
12
randomly selected people will exceed the elevator capacity.

C.
Yes, there is a good chance that
12
randomly selected people will not exceed the elevator capacity.

D.
Yes,
12
randomly selected people will always be under the weight limit.

6
Which of the following is NOT a conclusion of the Central Limit Theorem?
Choose the correct answer below.

A.
The standard deviation of all sample means is the population standard deviation divided by
the square root of the sample size.

B.

The distribution of the sample means

x overbarx
will, as the sample size increases, approach a normal distribution.

C.
The mean of all sample means is the population mean
mu.

D.
The distribution of the sample data will approach a normal distribution as the sample size
increases.

7
Fill in the blank.
The _______ states that if, under a given assumption, the probability of a particular observed
event is exceptionally small (such as less than 0.05), we conclude that the assumption is
probably not correct.
The states that if, under a given assumption, the probability of a particular observed event is
exceptionally small (such as less than 0.05), we conclude that the assumption is probably not
correct.

8
Find the critical value
z Subscript alpha divided by 2z/2
that corresponds to the given confidence level.
8383%
z Subscript alpha divided by 2z/2equals=
(Round to two decimal places as needed.)

9
Express the confidence interval
left parenthesis 0.049 comma 0.125 right parenthesis(0.049,0.125)
in the form of

ModifyingAbove p with caret minus Upper E less than p less than ModifyingAbove p with
caret plus Upper E<="" path="">pE<p<<="" path="">p+E.
less than p less than<p<
(Type integers or decimals.)

10
Use the sample data and confidence level given below to complete parts (a) through (d).
A research institute poll asked respondents if they felt vulnerable to identity theft. In the poll,
n equals 997n=997
and
x equals 505x=505
who said "yes." Use a
90 %90%
confidence level.
LOADING...
Click the icon to view a table of z scores.
a) Find the best point estimate of the population proportion p.
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
b) Identify the value of the margin of error E.
Eequals=
(Round to four decimal places as needed.)
c) Construct the confidence interval.
less than p less than<p<
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
d) Write a statement that correctly interprets the confidence interval. Choose the correct
answer below.

A.
There is a
9090%
chance that the true value of the population proportion will fall between the lower bound and
the upper bound.

B.
One has
9090%
confidence that the interval from the lower bound to the upper bound actually does contain
the true value of the population proportion.

C.
9090%
of sample proportions will fall between the lower bound and the upper bound.

11
A clinical trial tests a method designed to increase the probability of conceiving a girl. In the
study
670670
babies were born, and
335335
of them were girls. Use the sample data to construct a
9999%
confidence interval estimate of the percentage of girls born. Based on the result, does the
method appear to be effective?
less than< pless than<
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
Does the method appear to be effective?

NoNo,
the proportion of girls
is notis not
significantly different from 0.5.
This is the correct answer.

YesYes,
the proportion of girls
isis
significantly different from 0.5.

12
An online site presented this question, 'Would the recent norovirus outbreak deter you from
taking a cruise?' Among the
34 comma 94734,947
people who responded,
6666%
answered 'yes'. Use the sample data to construct a

9595%
confidence interval estimate for the proportion of the population of all people who would
respond 'yes' to that question. Does the confidence interval provide a good estimate of the
population proportion?
less than<p p less than<
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
Does the confidence interval provide a good estimate of the population proportion?

A.
No, the responses are not independent.

B.
Yes, the sample is large enough to provide a good estimate of the population proportion.

C.
Yes, all the assumptions for a confidence interval are satisfied.

D.
No, the sample is a voluntary sample and might not be representative of the population.

13
In a poll of
517517
human resource professionals,
43.143.1%
said that body piercings and tattoos were big grooming red flags. Complete parts (a)
through (d) below.
a) Among the
517517
human resource professionals who were surveyed, how many of them said that body
piercings and tattoos were big grooming red flags?
(Round to the nearest integer as needed.)
b) Construct a 99% confidence interval estimate of the proportion of all human resource
professionals believing that body piercings and tattoos are big grooming red flags.
less than p less than<p<
(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
c) Repeat part (b) using a confidence level of 80%.

less than p less than<p<

(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
d) Compare the confidence intervals from parts (b) and (c) and identify the interval that is
wider. Why is it wider?
Select the correct choice below and fill in the answer boxes to complete your choice.

A.
The
confidence interval is wider than the
confidence interval. As the confidence interval widens, the probability that the confidence
interval actually does contain the population parameter increases.

B.
The
confidence interval is wider than the
confidence interval. As the confidence interval narrows, the probability that the confidence
interval actually does contain the population parameter increases.

C.
The
confidence interval is wider than the
confidence interval. As the confidence interval widens, the probability that the confidence
interval actually does contain the sample parameter increases.

D.
The
confidence interval is wider than the
confidence interval. As the confidence interval narrows, the probability that the confidence
interval actually does contain the sample parameter increases.

14
A researcher wishes to estimate the proportion of adults who have high-speed Internet
access. What size sample should be obtained if she wishes the estimate to be within
0.040.04
with
9595%
confidence if

a) she uses a previous estimate of

0.360.36?
b) she does not use any prior estimates?
a)
nequals=
(Round up to the nearest integer.)
b)
nequals=
(Round up to the nearest integer.)

15
Do one of the following, as appropriate. (a) Find the critical value
z Subscript alpha divided by 2z/2,
(b) find the critical value
t Subscript alpha divided by 2t/2,
(c) state that neither the normal nor the t distribution applies.
Confidence level
9898%;
nequals=1919;
sigma is known is known;
population appears to be
very skewedvery skewed.
Click here to view a table of critical t-values.
LOADING...
Click here to view page 1 of the standard normal table.
LOADING...
Click here to view page 2 of the standard normal table.
LOADING...
Find the critical value.

A.
t Subscript alpha divided by 2t/2equals=2.2142.214

B.
t Subscript alpha divided by 2 Baseline equals 2.552t/2=2.552

C.

z Subscript alpha divided by 2 Baseline equals 2.33z/2=2.33

D.
z Subscript alpha divided by 2z/2equals=2.0552.055

E.
Neither normal nor t distribution applies.Neither normal nor t distribution applies.

16
Do one of the following, as appropriate. (a) Find the critical value
z Subscript alpha divided by 2z/2,
(b) find the critical value
t Subscript alpha divided by 2t/2,
(c) state that neither the normal nor the t distribution applies.
Confidence level
9595%;
nequals=1717;
sigma equals 21.1=21.1;
population appears to be
normally distributednormally distributed.
Click here to view a table of critical t-values.
LOADING...
Click here to view page 1 of the standard normal table.
LOADING...
Click here to view page 2 of the standard normal table.
LOADING...
Find the critical value.

A.
t Subscript alpha divided by 2 Baseline equals 2.120t/2=2.120

B.
z Subscript alpha divided by 2 Baseline equals 1.96z/2=1.96

C.
z Subscript alpha divided by 2z/2equals=1.6451.645

D.
t Subscript alpha divided by 2t/2equals=1.7461.746

E.
Neither normal nor t distribution applies.Neither normal nor t distribution applies.

17
A data set includes
106106
body temperatures of healthy adult humans for which
x overbarxequals=98.998.9degreesF
and
s equals 0.62 degrees Upper Fs=0.62F.
Complete parts (a) and (b) below.
Click here to view a t distribution table.
LOADING...
Click here to view page 1 of the standard normal distribution table.
LOADING...
Click here to view page 2 of the standard normal distribution table.
LOADING...
a. What is the best point estimate of the mean body temperature of all healthy humans?
The best point estimate is
degreesF.
(Type an integer or a decimal.)
b. Using the sample statistics, construct a
9999%
confidence interval estimate of the mean body temperature of all healthy humans. Do the
confidence interval limits contain
98.6degreesF?
What does the sample suggest about the use of
98.6degreesF
as the mean bodytemperature?
What is the confidence interval estimate of the population mean
mu?

degreesFless than<muless than<degreesF

(Round to three decimal places as needed.)
Do the confidence interval limits contain
98.6degreesF?

YesYes

NoNo
What does this suggest about the use of
98.6degreesF
as the mean body temperature?

A.
This suggests that the mean body temperature could
very possibly bevery possibly be
98.6degreesF.

B.
This suggests that the mean body temperature could
be higher thanbe higher than
98.6degreesF.

C.
This suggests that the mean body temperature could
be lower thanbe lower than
98.6degreesF.

18
Twelve different video games showing substance use were observed and the duration times
of game play (in seconds) are listed below. The design of the study justifies the assumption
that the sample can be treated as a simple random sample. Use the data to construct a
9999%
confidence interval estimate of

mu,
the mean duration of game play.
40574057

38833883

38493849

40284028

43164316

Click here to view a t distribution table.

LOADING...
Click here to view page 1 of the standard normal distribution table.
LOADING...
Click here to view page 2 of the standard normal distribution table.
LOADING...
What is the confidence interval estimate of the population mean
mu?
less than<muless than<
(Round to one decimal place as needed.)

19
An IQ test is designed so that the mean is 100 and the standard deviation is
1212
for the population of normal adults. Find the sample size necessary to estimate the mean IQ
score of statistics students such that it can be said with
9595%
confidence that the sample mean is within
22
IQ points of the true mean. Assume that
sigmaequals=1212
and determine the required sample size using technology. Then determine if this is a
reasonable sample size for a real world calculation.
The required sample size is
(Round up to the nearest integer.)
Would it be reasonable to sample this number of students?

YesYes.
This number of IQ test scores is a fairly
smallsmall
number.

48204820

NoNo.
This number of IQ test scores is a fairly
largelarge
number.

NoNo.
This number of IQ test scores is a fairly
smallsmall
number.

YesYes.
This number of IQ test scores is a fairly
largelarge
number.

20
Fill in the blank.
The _____________ is the best point estimate of the population mean.
The
is the best point estimate of the population mean.