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Outline
Definition
Characteristics of biomaterials
History
Biomaterials science
Generations of biomaterials
Examples of biomaterials
Biocompatibility
Challenges
Biomaterials as an emerging industry
Companies
Definition
Characteristics of biomaterials
Physical Requirements
o Hard materials.
o Flexible material.
Chemical requirements
o Must not react with any tissue in the body.
o Must be non-toxic to the body.
o Long-term
replacement
must
not
biodegradable.
be
History
Biomaterials science
Mechanical
Thermal/Electrical Conductivity
Diffusion
Water Absorption
Bio-stability
Biocompatibility
Skin/cartilage
Drug Delivery
Devices
Ocular implants
Polymers
Bone
replacements
Orthopedic
screws/fixation
Heart
valves
Metals
Synthetic
biomaterials
Ceramics
Dental
Implants
Dental Implants
Semiconductor
Materials
Implantable
Microelectrodes
Biosensors
Material
Silicone rubber
Dacron
Cellulose
Poly(methyl-methacrylate)
Polyurethanes
Hydogels
Stainless steel
Titanium
Alumina
Hydroxyapatite
Collagen (reprocessed)
Applications
Catheters, tubing
Vascular grafts
Dialysis membranes
Intraocular lenses, bone cement
Catheters, pacemaker leads
Ophthalmological devices
Orthopedic devices, stents
Orthopedic and dental devices
Orthopedic and dental devices
Orthopedic and dental devices
Ophthalmologic applications,
Biomaterial science
An interdisciplinary field
Bioengineers
Material Scientists
Immunologists
Chemists
Biologists
Surgeons
...
Evolution of biomaterials
Structural
Soft Tissue
Replacements
Functional Tissue
Engineering Constructs
ad hoc implants
Specified by physicians using common and borrowed
materials.
Most successes were accidental rather than by
design.
Examples
gold fillings, wooden teeth, PMMA dental prosthesis
steel, gold, ivory, etc., bone plates
glass eyes and other body parts
dacron and parachute cloth vascular implants
Heart Valve
Artificial Tissue
Dental Implants
Intraocular Lenses
Vascular Grafts
Hip Replacements
Heart valve
Degeneration of Tissue.
Mechanical Failure.
Postoperative infection.
Induction of blood clots.
Artificial tissue
Biodegradable
Polymer
result
of
condensation of lactic
acid and glycolyic acid
Dental implants
Dental implants
Intraocular lenses
Intraocular lenses
Vascular grafts
Must be flexible.
Designed with open
porous structure.
Often recognized by
body as foreign.
Vascular grafts
Vascular grafts
Braids, weaves, and
knits.
Porosity
Permeability
Thickness
Burst strength
Kink resistance
Suture retention
Wall thickness
Tensile properties
Ravel resistance
Braids
Knits
Weaves
Hip replacements
Most
common
medical
practice using biomaterials.
Corrosion resistant highstrength metal alloys.
Very high molecular weight
polymers.
Thermo-plastics.
Hip replacements
Using a Polymethylmethacrylate
(PMMA) cement to adhere the
metal to the bone
Stainless
steel
Ti6A/4V
Cortical
substance
PEEK
Optima
Foam
Degradation problems
Thrombosis
Hemolysis
Inflammation
Infection and Sterilization
Carcinogenesis
Hypersensitivity
Systemic Effects
Biomaterials Companies
Biomaterials Companies
questions