Phy 1

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Q.1.
400 S
Q.2.
Activity = N =
0.693
N
T1 / 2 0
6 10 3
6.023 10 23 16.8 1019
215
0.693
A=
16.8 1019 1165
.
10 24 Becqurel
100 10 6
Where N0 =
Q.3.
Moseleys law
1
1
Rz 12 1 2 for K- lines where n =2,3,4,.....................
n
(a) For K-absorption edge
z 1 1
R
or z =
0.171 10 1.097 10 1 74
10
The element is Tungsten.

1
1
(b) K-line
R74 12 1 2
2
0.228 A
K -line
1
1
2
R74 1 1 2
= 0.192 A
1
1
2
R74 1 1 2
K - line
= 0.182A
(c) Cut off wavelength

hc
6.63 10 34 3 108
min =
E
100 1.6 10 19
Q.4.
= 124A
The speed of light in a

ny medium is given as
C
where C = 3 108 m/sec.
v
n
The ratio of speeds of light in water and glass is given as
http://www.rpmauryascienceblog.com/
ng
v w C / nw
vg
C / ng n w
Since frequency f of light does not change, vw = wf and v g = gf we obtain,

ng
vw w
vg
g nw
Q.5.
Q.6.
w 3 / 2 9
g 4 / 3 8
w g
g
98 1
8
8
1
.
g 8
Momentum of a photon = h/
momentum of electron = mv
so = h / mv
6.63 10 34
=
9.1 10 31 2 105
= 3.6 nm
N
1
1
( T ) t / T
1/ 2
N0 e
2 1/ 2
N
1
also 1
or
t1 = 2T1/2
N0 4
N
1
& 2
or
t2 = 3T1/2
N0 8
t = 10 = t2 t1 = T1/2
T1/2 = 10 sec.
T
Tmean = 1 / 2 = 14.43 sec.
0.693
Q.7.
= a(z - b)
&
c
a( z1 b)
1
c
a( z 2 b)
2
. . . . (i)
. . . (ii)
1
1
c
= a(z1 - z2 )
2
1
a = 5 107 (Hz)1/2
From (i) - (ii),
From (i) /(ii),
2
z b
1
1
z2 b
b = 1.37
Q.8.
Removal of an electron results into He+, and energy required to remove an electron from He+ = z2
13.6 eV
= 4 13.6 = 54.4 eV
so total energy required
= 54.4 + 24.6
= 79 eV.
Q.9.
According to Bohr theory

1
1
1
RZ 2
n2
n 22
1
Thus
Z2
More the atomic number, smaller is the wavelength obtained in the transition of electron (for
identical transition).
Q.10.
v R( Z b )
1
or
( Z 1) 2
(If b is small)
2
u
46

si
91
u = 0.146 A
1
1
Q.11. E2 E1 = hc

2 1
hc
=
(1 2 )
1 2
taking approximation that
if y 2 then
1 2
( 12 )1/ 2
2
E2 E1 = 2 10-3 eV.
Q.12.
Q.13.
hc hc hc
1 2 3
1 2
3 =
.
1 2
dN
n N
dt
N
dN t
n N dt
N
0
0
1 n N0
=t
ln
n N
N=
n
n
N0 et

Q.14. Current is independent of work function of metal. It depends on photon density only
hence I1= I2
Q.15. Let at time t number of radioactive nuclear be N.
dN
Net rate of formation of nuclear of A is
= N
dt
dN
Or,
= dt
N
N
t
dN
1
or
= dt this gives N = N0 et
N0 N
0
Q.16.
Q.17.
hc / 1 2
hc / 2 1
= 1.05 eV
v R( Z b )
1
or
( Z 1) 2
(If b is small)
2
Q.18.
u
46

si
91
u = 0.146 A
hc / 1 2
hc / 2 1
= 1.05 eV
Q.19. Q = total energy released

1
1
= mv2 +
myvy2
. . . . . (i)
2
2
by conservation of momentum
mv + myvy = 0
. . . . . (ii)
from equation (i) and (ii)
m
1
Q=
mv 2 1
my
2
Q = 5.3410 MeV
also Q = (Mx my m) 931.5
Mx = 239.048 amu.
Q.20. Velocity of neutrons =
2eV
mn
2 1.6 10 19 0.0327
1.67 10 27
= 6.29 10 6 m / s = 2.5 103 m/s
Time taken by neutron to cover the distance 10 m
10
t=
4 10 3 seconds
3
2.5 10
N
Now
e t
N0
where N is number of neutron after t seconds i.e. fraction of neutron decayed after t seconds will be
3
4
N
e 410 9.910
N0
0.693
9.9 10 4 / sec
700
1-
= 4 10-6
Q.21. According to Moseleys equation for k radiation ;

1
1
1
R(z 1)2 2 2
2
1
1
(z 1)2
0 .7092
1.5405
( z1 1)
z = 29 for cu, hence z1 1 = 28
1.5405
= 27
1.6578
or z1 = 4z
Impurity is molybdenum
(z 1)2
1.65768
similarly ; 2
2
1 ( z 2 1)
1.5405
or z2 1 = 28
1.5405
27
1.6578
z2 = 28
It is atomic number of Nickel.
Hence the other impurity is Nickel.
Q.22. Energy of a photon = E =
hc 12400
= 206 eV
6000
= 2.06 1.6 10-19 J

= 3.3 10-19 J
IA
1400 1
Photon flux =
E 3.3 10 19
21
= 4.22 10 photon/sec.
133
. 10 6 1.6 10 19
E
c
3 10 8
-22
= 7.0910 kgms-1
Using momentum conservation recoil energy of the
Q.23. Momentum of the photon , p=
60
22 2
7.09 10
Ni is E =
= 2.5110-18 J = 1.57 10-5 MeV

2 m 2 60 1.67 10 27
Recoil speed of the nucleus, v =
p
7.09 10 22
7.07 10 3 m / s
m 60 1.67 10 27
hc
= 3.975 10-19 J
No. of photons falling on surface per second & being absorbed,

10J
n=
= 2.52 1019 eV
2.48eV
h h
(ii)
The linear momentum of each photon = p =
c
Total momentum of all photons (falling in one sec.)
nh
10J
=
= 3.33 10-8 N-s

8
c
3 10
dp
Rate of change of momentum = Force =
= 3.33 10-8 N.
dt
Q.24. (i) Energy of each photon = E =
Q.25. By relation,
hc
eV =
, where is work function
Differentiating w.r.t. , we get

dV
hc
e
2
d
hc
or dV = - 2 d
e
6.623 10 34 3 10 8 2 10 10
dv = ( 4000 10 10 ) 2 (1.6 10 19 )
= - 1.56 mV.
Q.26. Moseleys law
1
1
n
For K-absorption edge
z 1 1
R
or z =
0.171 10 1.097 10 1 74
10

Q.27. Current is independent of work function of metal. It depends on photon density only hence
I1
=1
I2
Q.28. Velocity of neutrons =
2eV
mn
2 1.6 10 19 0.0327
1.67 10 27
= 6.29 10 6 m / s = 2.5 103 m/s

Time taken by neutron to cover the distance 10 m
10
t=
4 10 3 seconds
3
2.5 10
N
Now
e t
N0
where N is number of neutron after t seconds i.e. fraction of neutron decayed after t seconds will be
1-
3
4
N
e 410 9.910
N0
0.693
9.9 10 4 / sec
700
= 4 10-6
Q.29. At time t lets say there are N atoms. In time dt, dN1 decays and dN2 produces
dN2 =
10 4 dt
1.6 1019 1000
Total production in time dt

N0
dN
6.25 10 11 N
dN1 = N dt.
1
dN =
N dt
12
1.6 10
3600
dt
0
1
6 .25 1011 N0
log
3600
6.25 1011
N0 = 1.8 108 . (given)
0.6931
t1/2 =
= 8.66 106 sec.
8
8 10
= 100.26 days.
Q.30.
= 8 10-8
1
1
1
RZ 2 2 2
n1 n2
1
1
1
109678 4 2 2
7
121 10
n2
2
n2 = 4
velocity in that orbit
no. of revolution per second =
circumference
v 0n / z
f=
= 4.09 1014 Hz.
n2
2 r0
z
hc
after putting the values we get

n=4
possible lines in the resulting emission spectrum = 6.
0.6931
N3
1
2
Q.32.
1 =
1
e 2 t
e 1t
N0 2 1
2 1
30
Q.31. En E1 =
2 =
0.6931
, t = 60 min.
45
= [1 + (-3) (2)-4/3 - (-2) (2)-2 ]

= [1 - 3 (2)-4/3 + 2(2)-2 ]=0.71
Q.33.
hC
= + (KE)max
3.1 = 2.5 + (KE)max

(KE)max = 0.6 ev = 0.6 1.6 1019 J = 9.6 1020 J
E=
p = 2mK = 2 9.1 10 31 9.6 10 20

= 4.2 1025 kg m/sec
Q.34. (a) En
13.6 Z 2
n2
1
1
Excitation energy = E = E3 - E1 = -13.6 (3)2 2 2
3
1
= +13.6 (9) [1 - 1/9] = 13.6 (9) (8/9) = 108.8 eV.

6.6310 34 3 108 = 114.3 A
hc
Wavelength
E
108.8 1.6 1019
(b) From the excited state (E3), coming back to ground state, there can be 3C2 = 3 possible
radiations.
Q.35. Mass defect
m = (2 2.0141 4.0026) amu
or m = (2 2.0141 4.0026) 931 MeV
Energy used in reactor per reaction
=
25
(2 2.0141 4.0026) 931 = 5.9584 MeV
100
= 9.5334 10-13 Joule.

Total energy obtained per day
= (200) MW 24 60 60 sec.
Mass of deuterium required
=
(0.6691 10 21 )(200 10 6 24 60 60 )
9 .5334 10 13
= 120 g.
Q.36.
dN
q - N
dt
q = rate of production of nuclei
N = number of nuclei in radionuclide at any instant
ln 2
= decay constant =
T
T = half life
dN
N ln 2
q - N = q dt
T
dN qT N ln 2
dt
T
dN
dt
. . . (1)
qT N ln 2 T
integrating equation (1)
N
t
dN
1
0 qT N ln 2 T 0 dt
N=
t ln 2
qT
1000 1620
1 e T =
1 e
ln 2
ln 2
3240 ln 2
1620
= 1.753 106
t ln 2
Hence, rate of decay A = N = q 1 e T
Hence rate of release of energy at this time,

= AE0 = qE0 (1 - etln2/T) = 1000 200 (1 e(3240 ln2/1620))
= 150 103 MeV/sec.
Total number of nuclei decayed upto this time = q t N
hence total energy released upto this time
= (qt N) E0 = 297.43 106 MeV.
Q.37. Let at time t number of radioactive nuclear be N.

dN
Net rate of formation of nuclear of A is
= N
dt
dN
Or,
= dt
N
N
t
dN
1
or
= dt this gives N =
N0 e t
N0 N
0
Q.38. (a) E =
hC
= + (KE)max
1242
= + (KE)max
400
3.1 = 2.5 + (KE)max
(KE)max = 0.6 ev = 0.6 1.6 1019 J = 9.6 20 J
p = 2mK = 2 9.1 10 31 9.6 10 20
= 4.2 1025 kg m/sec
KEmax = 0.6 volt
(b) Stopping potential
e
Q.39. Let be decay constant
dN
N = Rate of formation of nuclei
dt
dN
dt
N
Integrating both side we get
n
ln ( - N) 0 = - t
N
i.e. ln
t

(at t = 0, N = 0)
N
e t
(1 e t )
i.e. N =
so as t , e-t 0
so after very long time
N=
cons tan t
T1 / 2
or N =
0.693
Q.40. The maximum energy of photon during de-excitation will be if transition takes place between (2n)
states to ground state.
1
1
hence, 204 = 13.6 2 z2
(i)
1 4n
1
1
also 40.8 = 13.6 2 2 z 2
(ii)
4n
n
dividing (i) by (ii) we get
4n2 1
5=
n=2
3
substituting n = 2 in equation (i)
15 2
15 =
z
16
z2 = 16
or z = 4
The minimum energy during de-excitation will be if transition takes place between two outer most
adjacent orbit. i.e. n = 4 to 3.
1
1
Emin = 13.6 2 2 42
4
3
= 10.57 eV
Q.41. Mass defect m = 2mD mT mP

= 2 2.01458 3.01605 1.00728
= 0.00583 amu.
hence E = 0.00583 930 1.6 10-19 106
= 8.675 10-13 J
The efficiency of the retardation is 60 %
Eavailable = 0.6 8.675 10-13 J
= 5.205 10-13 J
Total energy required in one hour
E = 108 3600 = 36 1010 J
Hence number of deuterium nuclides required
2E
=
1.38 1024
E
Q.42. (i) A = 228 + 4 = 232
& 92 = z + 2
z = 90
m v 2
qv B
v = 1.59 107 m/s

r
From COM, m v = my v y
Thus, energy released or the sum of kinetic energies of the products
1
m2 v 2
2
=
m v
2
m y
= 5.342 MeV
= 0.0057 amu.
Applying COE,
Mass of 92 X 232 = my + m + 0.0057 amu.
= 232.0387 amu
Mass defect = 92 (1.008) + 140 (1.009) - 232.0387
= 1.9573 amu = 1823 MeV
(ii)
Q.43. Reactant
23
10 Ne 22.9945-10me
Products
23
11 Na 22.9898-11me
0
1
me
0
Total
22.9945-10me
22.9898-10me
mass defect = 22.9945-22.9898=0.0047u
Since, 1u = 931.4 MeV
Energy release = (0.0047)(931.4)
= 4.4MeV
The major portions of this energy is shared by particle and anti-neutrino. Hence the energy range
of
- particle varies from 0 to 4.4 Mev.
Q.44.
1
1
h1 = 13.6 (2)2 1.6 10-19 2
(n 1)2
n
1 1
h f = 13.6 (2)2 1.6 10-19 2
h(f - 1) =
13.6 (2)2 1.6 1019
f - 1 = 3.3 1015
(n 1)
(n + 1)2 = 4
n=1
(given)
hc
13.6 (2)2 1.6 10-19
1
1 = 303 A0.
1
1
1
.
4
Q.45. At time t lets say there are N atoms. In time dt, dN1 decays and dN2 produces
dN2 =
10 4 dt
dN1 = N dt.
1.6 10 19 1000
dN =
N dt
12
1.6 10
Total production in time dt

N0
dN
6.25 1011 N
3600
dt
1 6.25 1011 N0
ln
3600
6.25 1011
N0 = 1.8 108 . (given)
= 8 10-8
0.6931
t1/2 =
= 8.66 106 sec.
8
8 10
= 100.25 days.
Q.46. Mass diff. = 2 2.015 (3.017 + 1.009) = 0.004 amu.

energy released = 0.004 331 MeV = 3.724 MeV
1
energy released per deuteron = 3.724 MeV
2
6.02 10 26
No. of deuteron in 1 kg =
2
energy released / kg = 1.862 0.301 1026 MeV
9 1013 J.
hc
= 3.975 10-19 J
No. of photons falling on surface per second & being absorbed,

10J
n=
= 2.52 1019 eV
2.48eV
Q.47. (i). Energy of each photon = E =
(ii).
A = 228 + 4 = 232
& 92 = z + 2
z = 90
(1.v) A radioactive nuclide with half life period T is produced at the constant rate of n per second.
The number of radioactive nuclide at t = 0 is N0 , find
(i) the number of radioactive present at time t
(ii) the maximum number of these radioactive nuclei
(1.v)
dN
n N
dt
Where N is maximum,
Nt
N0
dN
n n N0 e t
dt Nt
n N
dN
0
dt
N=
Q.48. (a)
mv 2
Ze2
r
40r 2
nh
& mvr =
2
. . . (i)
. . . (ii)
From (i) & (ii), r =

(b)
n2h2 0
624mee2
n2h2 0
Zme 2
Here z = 3 & m = 208 me, r =
h2 0
(c) En = Total Energy = -
624me e2
n 25
mee2
n2h2 0
ze2
z 2me 4
80r
802n2h2
1872 mee 4
n2 820h2
1872
= 13 .6 eV
n2
E1 = -25.4 keV ; E3 = -2.8 keV & E3 - E1 = 22.6 keV .
hc
Required wavelength = =
= 55 pm.
E
=
Q.49. Mass defect

m = (2 2.0141 4.0026) amu
or m = (2 2.0141 4.0026) 931 MeV
Energy used in reactor per reaction
=
25
(2 2.0141 4.0026) 931 = 5.9584 MeV
100
= 9.5334 10-13 Joule.

Total energy obtained per day
= (200) MW 24 60 60 sec.
Mass of deuterium required
=
(0.6691 10 21 )(200 106 24 60 60)

9.5334 10 13
Q.50. For photons of 1 = 4000A, energy E1 =
= 121 g.
12375
eV = 3.094 eV
4000
12375
eV = 2.061 eV
6000
Thus photo-electronic emission is possible with 1 only, which experience Lorenz force and move
along circular path. The ammeter will indicate zero deflection if the photoelectrons just complete
semi-circular path before reaching the plate P. Thus separation d = 2r = 10 cm
r = 5m
and for 2= 6000A, energy E2 =
but,
r=
mv
qB
Bmin =
mv
qr
1
hc
mv 2
W 3.094 2.39eV
2
1
Substituting the value for v, m, q and r,
Bmin = 5.6610-5T
h
h
Q.51. de-Broglie wavelength 1 =
=
p
2mve
hc
Shortest X-ray wavelength 2 =
ve
1
ve
1 ve
2
c
2m
c 2mve
Now,
Substituting the values,

Q.52.
1
1
2
3 10 8
10 10 3
1.8 1011 = 0.1
2
(a) Using Einsteins relation

Emax = hf - W o
here
Emax = hf - W o = 13.6 eV
hc
6.63 10 3 3 108
5
and
Emax = h f Wo
= 10.2 eV
12.15 10 8 1.6 1019

6
From the above two equations,
hf
3.4 eV
6
63.4 1.6 10 19
or f =
= 4.92 1015 Hz
34
6.63 10
(b)
W o = hf - 13.6 = 6(3.4) - 13.6 = 6.8 eV
1
2
m v max
2
= 1.82 + 0.73 = 2.55 eV
Q.53. (i) E = +
(ii) En =
13.6
n2
eV
(for hydrogen atom)
E1 = -13.6 eV, E2 = - 3.4 eV, E3 = -1.51 eV, E4 = -0.85 eV
clearly E4 E2 = -0.85 (-3.4) = 2.55 eV.

Hence quantum levels involved are 4 and 2.
h
(iii) = n
2
change in angular momentum = 4 - 2
h h
= (4 2)
2
(iv) If P = linear momentum, then
E
P=
= 1.36 10-27 kg ms-1
c
If v = recoil speed of hydrogen atom of mass M, then from COM,
Mv = P
P
or v =
= 0.85 ms -1.
M
A
Q.54. (a) Number of photoelectrons emitted from plate A upto
4
16
(5 10 ) 10
t =10 s
ne
10 5 107
10 6
(b) Charge on plate B at t = 10 sec
Qb = 33.7 10-12 5 107 1.6 10-19
= 25.7 10-12 C
also Qa = 8 10-12 C
1
E B A
(QB Q A )
2 0 2 0 2A 0
d =1 cm
17.7 10 12
= 2000 N/C
5 10 4 8.85 10 12
(c) K.E. of most energetic particles
= (h -) + e(Ed) = 23 Ev
Q.55.
1
1
1
10 1
. (i)
1 2 10 m
1500 p
hc
hc
1
hc 1010
1
10
1 2 eV
or E =
10
J
=
2
19
1500 P
1500 (0.6 10 p
1
= 8.28 1 2 eV
p
(a) wavelength of the most energetic photon is corresponding to p = ,
= 1500 10-10 m = 1500 A0
wavelength of least energetic photon. corresponding to
p = 2, hence again
4
= 1500 10-10
= 2000 A0
4 1
(b) According to equation
P2 1
8.28
8.28
E = 8.28 2
= 2 eV
2
P
n
P
2
(1 P )
8.28
or En = eV
n2
for n = 1, E1 = - 8.28 eV
n = 3_______ - 0.92 eV
for n = 2, E2 = - 2.07 eV
n = 2_______ -2.07 eV
for n = 3, E3 = -0.92 eV
n = 1_______ -8.28 eV
(c) Ionization energy = - E1 = 8.28 eV
Hence ; ionization potential = 0.28 volt.
mv 2
Ze2
Q.56. (a)
. . . (i)
r
40r 2
nh
& mvr =
. . . (ii)
2
n2h2 0
From (i) & (ii),
r=
Here z = 3 & m = 208 me,
Zme 2
r =
(b)
n2h2 0
624mee 2
n2h2 0
624mee2
h2 0
mee2
(c) En = Total Energy = -
n 25
ze2
z 2me 4
80r
802n2h2
1872 mee 4
n2 802h2
1872
= 13 .6 eV
n2
E1 = -25.4 keV ; E3 = -2.8 keV
& E3 - E1 = 22.6 keV .
hc
Required wavelength = =
= 55 pm.
E
=
Q.57.
= a(z - b)
c
a( z1 b)
1
c
a( z 2 b)
2
&
. . . . (i)
. . . . (ii)
1
1
c
= a(z1 - z2 )
2
1
a = 5 107 (Hz)1/2
From (i) - (ii),
From (i) /(ii),
Q.58.
2
z b
1
1
z2 b
b = 1.37
Q value of the reaction, Q = (2 4 7.06 7

5.6) MeV
Q = 17.28 Mev
Applying C.O.E for collision
kp + Q = 2 k
. . . (i)
2mpk p = 2 2mk cos

kp = 16 k cos 2
kp = k ( cos = )
Li
Putting in (i) we get
kp = Q = 17.28 MeV
Q.59. The quantum number of the initial state is given by n, where
n(n 1)
= 15, i.e. n = 6
2
The work function of the photo cathode (B) is given by

6.63 10 34 3 108
E=
eV
830 10 9 1.6 10 19
= 1.5 eV.
The maximum velocity of the emitted photoelectrons is given by
E
3.7 10 2
v= 0
= 3.7 105 m/s
3
B0
10
the kinetic energy of the fastest photoelectrons is
1
1 9.1 1031 (3.7 105 )2
Emax = mv 2
eV
2
2
1.6 10 19
= 0.39 eV
The energy of the emitted photons is
1.5 eV + 0.39 eV = 1.89 eV
If the atomic number of the atoms is Z, and the quantum number of the final state is m, then
1
1
13.6 Z2 2 2 1.89
6
m
Rewriting this equation in the form:
1.89 / 13.6 1 62 m2
z=
1
1
7 6 2 m2
m2 6 2
6m
or, z =
7(36 m2 )
We get by substituting possible values of m : 5, 4, 3 etc ; for the only possible integral value of
z.
The correct values are: n = 6, m = 4 and z = 2.
Q.60. (a) Radius of circular path r =
mv
qB
2mk
qB
(rqB )2
= 0.86 eV
2m
(b) E3 E2 = 13.6 (1/22 1/32) = 1.9 eV
= h - (KE)max
= 1.04 eV
k=
(c) E = hc/
3 108 6.6 10 34
=
= 6513 A0.
1.9 1.6 10 19
Q.61. (a) The wavelength of emitted radiation is given as
1
1
1
= z2R
n 2 n 2
2
1
for the Lithium atom z = 3
1
1
1
7
= 9R
= 32R
2
2
144
4
3
(b)
(c)
= 2.08 10-7 m
Relation orbit of the electron
mv
r=
qB
qBr
v=
= 1.18 106 m/s
m
1
KE of the electron =
mv 2 = 3.96 eV
2
hc
KEmax =
-
hc
=
- KEmax = 2eV
Q.62. a) n=4 --------------------n=3 ---------------------
E4 = 1.125 eV
E3 = 2.0 eV
n=2 ---------------------
E2 = 4.5 eV
n=1 ---------------------
E1 = 18eV
b) Excitation potential for state n = 2 is 18-4.5 = 13.5 V

c) Energy of the electron accelerated through a potential difference of 16.2 V is 16.2eV
At the most, it can excite electron fron n=1 to n=3
The number of possible wavelength are 3
1 18 1.6 10 19 1
1
2 2x
hc
n1 n2
For transiton 3-2, n1 =2, n2 = 3.
32 = 4970 A
For 3-1; n1 = 1;n2 =3
31 = 777 A
For 2-1;n1 = 1;n2 = 2
21 = 920 A
d) No
The energy corresponding to = 2000 A is
34
hc
6.63 10
3 10 8
E=
2 10 7 1.6 10 14
= 6.21 eV
The minimum excitation energy is 13.5 eV.
e) Minimum photoelectric wavelength is
hc
min =
A
690
18 1.6 10 19
Q.63. The nucleus reaction can be written as
n1 + C12 Be9 + He4
Q value of the reaction
mass of the t arg et

= - Tth
mass of the t arg et mass of the projectile
Be
n0
He
12
= - 6.17
MeV
1 12
[k1, k3, k4 [mn, mBe mHe is the kinetic energy and masses of n1, Be9, He4 then corresponding
momentum is
2mnk1 ,
2mBek 3 ,
2mHek 4
Conservation of momentum
2mnk1 =
2mBek 3 cos
2mHek 4 = 2mBek 3 sin

From (i) and (ii) we get
mn k1 + mHe k4 = mBe k3
nn = 1 mHe = 4 mBe = 9
k1 + 4k4 = 9k3
conservation of energy
k1 + Q = k3 + k4
From (iv) and (v) we get,
k 1 4k 4
= k1 Q k 4
9
8k1 9Q
k4 =
13
= 2.2 MeV.
. . . (i)
. . . (ii)
. . . . (iii)
. . . . . (iv)
. . . . (v)
1
2
m v max
2
= 1.82 + 0.73 = 2.55 eV
Q.64. (i) E = +
(ii) En =
13.6
n2
eV
(for hydrogen atom)
E1 = -13.6 eV, E2 = - 3.4 eV, E3 = -1.51 eV, E4 = -0.85 eV
clearly E4 E2 = -0.85 (-3.4) = 2.55 eV.

Hence quantum levels involved are 4 and 2.
h
(iii) = n
2
change in angular momentum = 4 - 2
h h
= (4 2)
2
(iv) If P = linear momentum, then
E
P=
= 1.36 10-27 kg ms-1
c
If v = recoil speed of hydrogen atom of mass M, then from COM,
Mv = P
P
or v =
= 0.85 ms -1.
M
Q.65. (a) For 1 = 5000 A0, E1 =
hc 12400
eV = 2.75 eV
1
4500
hc
= 2.06 eV
2
and for 3 = 12000 A0 E3 = 1.03 eV
2 = 6000 A0 E2 =
The energy of excitation of H atom (n = 2 to n = 4)

1
1
= 13.6 2 2 eV 2.55 eV
4
2
The work function of the material = (2.75 2.55) eV = 0.2 eV
The maximum energy P.E.'s have energies of 2.55 eV and 2.06 0.2 = 1.86 eV and 1.03 0.2 =
0.83 eV
12400
12.400
12400
The de-Broglie wavelengths are
A0 ,
A0 ,
3
3
10 1.9
10 1.86
1000 0 .83
or 8.99A0, 9.09 A0, 13.6 A0
(b) All three wavelengths will cause photo emission.
Number of photoelectrons /sec
1
1
1
1
NPE = 1.44 102 0.2 1 10-4
19
19
19
3
1.6 10 2.75 1.6 10 2.06 1.6 10 1.03
The photocurrent = 1.74 mA
(c) If the work function was 40 % lower, the third wavelength would also cause photoemission.
The stopping potential = (2.75 - 0.2)V = 2.55 V.
Q.66. (a) According to the problem, decay is given by,
A
228
+
92X zY
A
i.e. 92X zY228 + 2He4
A = 228 + 4 = 232
Z = 92 2 = 90
[1]
(b) Since particle moves in a circular orbit in the magnetic field
2
m v
qv B
r
rqB
v =
1.59 107 m/s
m
From law of conservation of momentum
mv = myvy
2
2
m v
Ey =
2m y
[1]
[1]
So the sought energy E = E + Ey

2
2
m v m v m
1
2
E = m v 1
[1]
2
my
2 m y
5.342
= 5.342 MeV =
0.0057 amu
931.5
Applying the principle of conservation of energy, mass of 92X232 = my + m + 0.0057 amu
= 228.03 + 4.003 + 0.0057 = 232.0387 amu
Since 92X232 contains 92 protons and 140 neutrons , binding energy = mass defect
= 92(1.008) + 140(1.009) 232.0387
= 1.9573 amu = 1.9573 931.5 = 1823 MeV
[1]
Q.67. (a) En
13.6 Z 2
n2
1
1
Excitation energy = E = E3 - E1 = -13.6 (3)2 2 2
1
3
= +13.6 (9) [1 - 1/9] = 13.6 (9) (8/9) = 108.8 eV.
6.631034 3 108 = 114.3 A
hc
Wavelength
E
108.8 1.6 1019
(b) From the excited state (E3), coming back to ground state, there can be 3C2 = 3 possible
radiations.
Q.68. (a) If x is the difference in quantum number of the two

states
then x 1 C2 6 x = 3
z 2 (13.6 eV)
0.85eV
...(i)
n2
z2 (13.6eV)
and
0.544eV
.. .(ii)
(n 3)2
solving (i) and (ii) we get
n = 12 and z = 3
(b) Smallest wavelength is given by
hc
(0.85 0.544)eV
Solving, we get
4052 nm.
n+3
Now, we have
n
Smallest
Q.69.
1
1
h1 = 13.6 (2)2 1.6 10-19 2
(n 1)2
n
1 1
h f = 13.6 (2)2 1.6 10-19 2
h(f - 1) =
13.6 (2)2 1.6 1019
f - 1 = 3.3 1015
(n 1)
(n + 1)2 = 4
hc
1
13.6 (2)2 1.6 10-19
1
1
0
1 = 303 A .
n=1
1
.
4
Q.70. Moseleys law

1
1
2
n
(a) For K-absorption edge
z 1 1
R
or z =
0.171 10 1.097 10 1 74
10

1
1
(b) K-line
R74 12 1 2
2
0.228 A
K -line
1
1
2
R74 1 1 2
= 0.192 A
1
1
R74 12 1 2
K - line
= 0.182A
(c) Cut off wavelength

hc
6.63 10 34 3 10 8
min =
E
100 1 .6 10 19
= 12
(given)

Phy 1

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Rz 12 1 2 for K- lines where n =2,3,4,.....................

The element is Tungsten.

(c) Cut off wavelength

The speed of light in a

Since frequency f of light does not change, vw = wf and v g = gf we obtain,

From (i) - (ii),

From (i) /(ii),

According to Bohr theory

Q.19. Q = total energy released

Q.20. Velocity of neutrons =

Q.21. According to Moseleys equation for k radiation ;

z = 29 for cu, hence z1 1 = 28

= 2.06 1.6 10-19 J

Q.23. Momentum of the photon , p=

= 2.5110-18 J = 1.57 10-5 MeV

Recoil speed of the nucleus, v =

No. of photons falling on surface per second & being absorbed,

= 3.33 10-8 N-s

Q.24. (i) Energy of each photon = E =

Differentiating w.r.t. , we get

Rz 12 1 2 for K- lines where n =2,3,4,.....................

The element is Tungsten.

Q.28. Velocity of neutrons =

= 6.29 10 6 m / s = 2.5 103 m/s

Total production in time dt

after putting the values we get

= [1 + (-3) (2)-4/3 - (-2) (2)-2 ]

3.1 = 2.5 + (KE)max

p = 2mK = 2 9.1 10 31 9.6 10 20

= +13.6 (9) [1 - 1/9] = 13.6 (9) (8/9) = 108.8 eV.

= 9.5334 10-13 Joule.

Hence, rate of decay A = N = q 1 e T

Hence rate of release of energy at this time,

Q.37. Let at time t number of radioactive nuclear be N.

Q.41. Mass defect m = 2mD mT mP

v = 1.59 107 m/s

13.6 (2)2 1.6 1019

Total production in time dt

Q.46. Mass diff. = 2 2.015 (3.017 + 1.009) = 0.004 amu.

No. of photons falling on surface per second & being absorbed,

Q.47. (i). Energy of each photon = E =

From (i) & (ii), r =

Here z = 3 & m = 208 me, r =

(c) En = Total Energy = -

Q.49. Mass defect

= 9.5334 10-13 Joule.

(0.6691 10 21 )(200 106 24 60 60)

Q.50. For photons of 1 = 4000A, energy E1 =

Substituting the values,

(a) Using Einsteins relation

12.15 10 8 1.6 1019

(for hydrogen atom)

E1 = -13.6 eV, E2 = - 3.4 eV, E3 = -1.51 eV, E4 = -0.85 eV

clearly E4 E2 = -0.85 (-3.4) = 2.55 eV.

(c) En = Total Energy = -

From (i) - (ii),

From (i) /(ii),

Q value of the reaction, Q = (2 4 7.06 7

2mpk p = 2 2mk cos

The work function of the photo cathode (B) is given by

Q.62. a) n=4 --------------------n=3 ---------------------

b) Excitation potential for state n = 2 is 18-4.5 = 13.5 V