Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
PROJECTION OF POINTS
1. A point P is 30 mm infront of VP, 40 mm above HP and 50 mm from RPP. Draw its projections.
2. A point is 30 mm infront of VP, 20 mm above HP and 25 mm infront / behind / from LPP. Draw its
projects and name the side view.
3. A point P is 45 mm above HP, 60 mm behind VP and 30 mm from RPP. Draw the three principles view of
the point. Also state the quadrant in which it lies.
4. A point is 40 mm behind VP, 15 mm above HP and 25 mm infront / behind / from LPP. Draw its
projections and name the side view.
5. A point is 40 mm behind VP, 20 mm above HP and 30 mm infront / behind / from LPP. Draw its
projections and name the side view.
6. A point is 35 mm below HP, 20 mm behind VP and 25 mm behind / infront / from RPP. Draw its
projections and name the side view.
7. A point is 35 mm below HP, 15 mm behind VP and 25 mm behind / infront / from RPP. Draw its
projections and name the side view.
8. Draw all the three views of a point P lying 60mm below HP,70 mm infront of VP and 40mm from RPP.
Also state the quadrant in which it lies.
9. A point is 30 mm behind VP, 30 mm above HP and 25 mm infront / behind / from LPP. Draw its
projections and name the side view.
10. A point is 30 mm behind VP, 30 mm above HP and 20 mm infront / behind / from RPP. Draw its
projections and name the side view.
11. A point is lying on HP, 20 mm behind VP and 25 mm behind / infront / from RPP. Draw its projections
and name the side view.
12. A point is lying on HP, 20 mm behind VP and 35 mm behind / infront / from RPP. Draw its projections
and name the side view.
13. A point is lying on VP, 20 mm below HP and 30 mm behind / infront / from LPP. Draw its projections
and name the side view.
14. A point is lying on VP, 10 mm below HP and 30 mm behind / infront / from LPP. Draw its projections
and name the side view.
15. Point A is 20 mm above HP and in the 1st quadrant. Its shortest distances from the XY line is 40 mm.
Draw the projections determine its distance from VP.
16. Draw the projections of a point A lying 30 mm above HP and in first quadrant. If its shortest distance
from the line of intersection of HP and VP is 50 mm. Also find the distance of the point from VP.
17. A point G is 25 mm below HP and is situated in the third quadrant. Its shortest distance from the
intersection of XY and X1Y1 is 45 mm. Draw its projection and find its distance from VP.
18. A point A is 40 mm infront of VP and is situated in the fourth quadrant. Its shortest distance from the
intersection of XY and X1Y1, is 45 mm. Draw its projections. Also find distance from VP.
19. Draw the projections of point G which is in 1st Quadrant such that it is equidistant from HP and VP. The
point is 25 mm from RPP. Determine its distance from HP and VP.
20. A point 30 mm above XY line is the front view of two points A and B. The top view of A is 40 mm behind
VP and the top view of B is 45 mm infront of VP. Draw the projections of the points and state the
quadrants in which the points are situated.
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ii) its true length and true inclinations with the reference
planes.
30. The top view PQ of a straight line is 70 mm and makes an angle of 60 deg. with XY line. The end Q is 10
mm infront of VP and 30 mm above HP. The difference between the distances of P and Q above HP is 45
mm. Draw the projections. Determine its true length and true inclinations with HP and VP.
31. A point P is 40 mm above HP and 20 mm infront of VP another point Q is 20 mm above HP and 50 mm
infront of VP. The top view of line PQ is inclined at 30 deg. to XY. Draw the projections.
32. A straight line PQ is inclined at 45 deg. to HP and 30 deg. to VP. The point P is in HP and the point Q is
in VP. The length of the straight line is 65 mm. Draw the projections of the straight line PQ.
33. Draw the projections of a straight line AB, 100 mm long, inclined at 45 deg. to HP and 30 deg. to VP.
The end A is in HP and the end B is in VP. Find the shortest distance between the straight line AB and
the line of intersection of planes of projection.
34. The front view of a 90 mm long line which is inclined at 45 deg. to the XY line, measures 65 mm. End A
is 15 mm above the XY line and is in VP. Draw the projections of the line and find its inclinations with
HP and VP.
35. The top view of the line AB 80 mm long measures 65 mm. The midpoint of the line is 40 mm above HP
and 30 mm infront of VP. The point A is in VP. Draw its projections and find its inclinations.
36. Draw the projections of a line AB 90 mm long and find its true and apparent inclinations with HP and
VP, when its end A is on HP and 20 mm infront of VP. Its midpoint M is 20 mm above HP and 40 mm
infront of VP.
37. A straight line AB measuring 80 mm long has the end A in the HP and 25 mm infront of VP. Its midpoint
M is 25 mm above HP and 40 mm infront of VP. Draw the views of the line and determine the inclination
of the line with HP and VP. Also find the distance between end projectors.
38. A straight line AB measuring 80 mm long has the end A in the HP and 25 mm infront of VP. Its midpoint
M is 25 mm above HP and 40 mm infront of VP. Draw the projections of the line and determine the
inclination of the line with HP and VP.
39. A line AB 100 mm long measures 80 mm infront view and 70 mm in top view the midpoint M of the line
is 40 mm from both HP and VP. Draw the projections. Find its inclinations.
40. A straight line PQ inclined at 40 deg. to VP has pq = 60 mm and p'q= 50 mm. The end P is in both HP
and VP, and 40 mm to the right of left profile plane.
41. The front view of the line PQ 80 mm long measures 50 mm and it is inclined to XY at 50 deg. One end
of the line P is 20 mm above HP and 25 mm infront of VP. Draw the front view and top view of the line
and find the inclinations of the line with HP and VP.
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Draw the top view, front view and the left profile view in this position.
47. A mirror 30 mm X 40 mm is inclined to the wall such that its front view is a square of 30 mm side. The
longer side of the mirror appear perpendicular to both HP and VP. Find the inclination of the mirror with
the wall.
48. A hexagonal lamina of 30 mm sides rests on HP with one of its corners touching VP and the surface
inclined at 45 deg. to it. One of its edges inclined to HP at 30 deg. Draw the top and front views of the
lamina in its final position.
49. A circular lamina inclined to the VP appears in the front view as an ellipse of major axis 30 mm and
minor axis 15 mm. The major axis is parallel to both HP and VP. One end of the minor axis is in both
the HP and VP. Draw the projections of the lamina and determine the inclination of the lamina with the
VP.
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30
10
O 63,17
40
O 60
30
O 70
q 90
24. Following figure shows the top view of a cylinder which is centrally mounted on a frustum of a
pentagonal pyramid of 60 mm height. Draw the Isometric projection of the combination of solids.
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20
50
100
O 50
25. A pentagonal pyramid base side - 25 mm and height 65 mm is placed centrally on a rectangular slab
100 mm X 60 mm and 20 mm - thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
26. A frustum of a square pyramid base side - 40 mm, top face side - 20 mm and height 40 mm is placed
centrally on frustum of a cone base diameter 80 mm, top diameter 60 mm and height 20 mm. Draw the
isometric projection of the combination.
27. The frustum of a square pyramid of base 40 mm, top face 20 mm and height 60 mm rest on the centre
of the top of a square block of sides 60 mm and height 20 mm. The base edges of the pyramid are
parallel to the top edges of the square block. Draw the isometric projection of the combination of the
solids.
28. A square pyramid of base side 40 mm and height 70 mm rests symmetrically on a cube of edge 50 mm,
which itself is placed on a cylinder of diameter 80 mm and thickness 30 mm. Draw the isometric
projection of the solids, if the axes of the three solids are in common line.
29. A rectangular pyramid of base - 40 mm X 25 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally on a cylindrical
slab of diameter 100 mm and thickness - 30 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
30. A rectangular pyramid of base - 40 mm X 25 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally on a rectangular
slab sides - 100 mm X 60 mm and thickness 20 mm. draw the isometric projections of the combination.
31. A triangular pyramid base side - 40 mm and height 50 mm is placed centrally on a square slab side - 80
mm and 20 mm - thick. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
32. Draw the Isometric projection of a rectangular prism of 60 X 80 X 20mm
thick surmounting a
tetrahedron of sides 45 mm such that the axis of the solids are collinear and at least one of the edges of
both the solids are parallel to VP.
33. A square prism base side - 40 mm, height 50 mm is placed centrally on a cylindrical slab of diameter
100 mm and thickness 30 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
34. A square prism base side - 40 mm, height 50 mm is placed centrally on a rectangular slab sides - 100
mm X 60 mm and thickness 20 mm. Draw the isometric projection of the combination.
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30
60
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30
60
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30
30
60
O 30
60
35
O 35
35
q 70
30
40
VP
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HP
O 50
q 30
15
20
30
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10
15
25
60
15
45
60
15
20
30
VP
q 35
q 20
HP
O 70
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11
b' (d')
a'
c'
60
50
15
b'
c'
30
a'
11
VP
X
p'
q'
(s')
VP
q'
HP
r'
HP
40
p'
r'
d (s)
(p) a
(p) a
c (r)
c (r)
q
30
40
b (q)
b(q)
Fig (2)
Fig (1)
3. A square prism of base side 30 mm and axis length 60 mm is resting on HP on its base with all the
vertical faces being equally inclined to VP. It is cut by an inclined plane 60 deg. to HP and
perpendicular to VP and is passing through a point on the axis at a distance 50 mm from the base.
Draw the development of the lower portion of the prism.
4. A Square prism of base side 40 mm and axis length 65 mm is resting on HP on its base with all the
vertical faces being equally inclined to VP. It is cut by an inclined plane 60 deg. to HP and perpendicular
to VP and is passing through a point on the axis at a distance of 15 mm from the top face. Draw the
development of the lower portion of the prism.
5. A cube of side 40 mm is resting on HP with its base on HP such that one of its vertical faces is inclined
at 30 deg. to the VP. It is cut by a section plane perpendicular to VP, inclined to HP at an angle 45 deg.
and passes through the mid point of the axis. Draw the development of the lower lateral surface of the
cube.
6. A rectangular prism of base 40 mm X 25 mm and height 65 mm rests on HP on its base with the
longest base side inclined at 30 deg. to VP. It is cut by a plane inclined at 40 deg. to HP, perpendicular
to VP cuts the axis at its mid height. Draw the development of the remaining portion of the prism.
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a' (e')
b'
(d') c'
55
40
20
c'
15
(d')
b'
a'
X
VP
X
p'
q' (s')
HP
r'
VP
q'
(t')
p'
(s') r'
HP
(t) e
d (s)
d (s)
c (r)
(p) a
20
c (r)
a
(p)
b (q)
Fig (4)
q
35
b
(q)
Fig (3)
12. A regular pentagonal prism of height 60 mm and base edge 30 mm rests with its base on HP. The
vertical face closest to VP is 30 deg. to it. Draw the development of the truncated prism with its
truncated surface inclined at 60 deg. to its axis and bisecting it.
13. A pentagonal prism of 30 mm side of base and height 50 mm lies with its base on HP such that one of
the rectangular faces is inclined at 40 deg. to VP. It is cut to the shape of truncated pyramid with the
truncated surface inclined at 30 deg. to the axis so as to pass through a point on it 30 mm above the
base. Develop the truncated portion of the prism so as to produce a one piece development.
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(f')
b'
(e')
(o') c'
a'
d'
(f')
b'
(e')
c'
q' (u')
(u) f
r' (t')
d'
25
55
50
a'
VP
HP
p'
VP
HP
p'
e (t)
(u) f
(p) a
s'
d (s)
(o1) o
(q) b
s'
e (t)
d (s)
(p) a
c (r)
20
Fig (5)
(q) b
25
c (r)
Fig (6)
17. The inside of a hopper of a flour mill is to be lined with thin sheet. The top and bottom of the hopper are
regular pentagons with each side equal to 30 mm and 22.5 mm respectively. The height of the hopper
is 30 mm. Draw the shape of the sheet to which it is to be cut so as to fit into the hopper.
18. A square pyramid of side of base 45 mm, altitude 70 mm is resting with its base on HP with two sides of
the base parallel to VP. The pyramid is cut by a section plane which is perpendicular to the VP and
inclined at 40 deg. to the HP. The cutting plane bisects the axis of the pyramid. Obtain the development
of the lateral surfaces the truncated pyramid.
19. A square pyramid base 40 mm side and axis 65 mm long has its base on HP and all the edges of the
base are equally inclined to VP. It is cut to with an inclined section plane so as the truncated surface at
45 deg. to its axis, bisecting it. Draw the development of the truncated pyramid.
20. A frustum of a square pyramid has its base 40 mm sides, top 16 mm sides and height 60 mm, its axis is
vertical and a side of its base is parallel to VP. Draw the projections of the frustum and show the
development of the lateral surfaces of it.
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o'
o'
60
VP
a'
b'
30
HP
(o 1') (d')
30
25
50
,14
50
56
c'
VP
X
HP
a' (e')
(o )
1 o
25
o
(o 1)
40
b
Fig (7)
c1
c
30
b
Fig (8)
23. A square pyramid of 25 mm base edge and 50 mm height rests with its base on HP with all of its base
edges equally inclined to VP. It is cut by a plane perpendicular to VP and inclined to HP at 60 deg.,
passing through the extreme right corner of base. Draw the development of the lateral surface of the
pyramid.
24. A frustum of a pentagonal pyramid, smaller base sides 16 mm and bigger top face sides 32 mm and
height 40 mm is resting on the HP on its smaller base, with one of its base side parallel to the VP. Draw
the projection of the frustum and develop the lateral surface.
25. A regular pentagonal pyramid of side of base 35 mm and altitude 65 mm has its base on HP with a side
of base perpendicular to VP. The pyramid is cut by a section plane which is perpendicular to the VP and
inclined at 30 deg. to HP. The cutting plane meets the axis of the pyramid at a point 30 mm below the
vertex. Obtain the development of the remaining part of the pyramid.
26. A hexagonal pyramid, base sides 25 mm and height 60 mm, is resting with its base on HP and an edge
of base inclined at 40 deg. to VP. It is cut to the shape of a truncated pyramid with the truncated
surface indicated in the front view at a point on the axis 20 mm from the apex and inclined at 40deg. to
XY. Draw the projections and show the development of the the lateral surface of the remaining portion
of the pyramid.
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(m') (l')
a' b'
c'
(j')
e'
(k')
d'
(h')
f' g'
30
60
o'
120
VP
X
a'
(f') b'
(o1 ')
c'(e')
d'
HP
Y
k
6
18
(o1 ) o
b
c
d
45
Fig 9
Fig 10
40
20
30
Fig (13)
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30
60
60
60
(5)
O 54
Fig (14)
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35
30
70
60
30
d'
j'
a'
(g')
c' b'
(e') (f')
(h')
a'
b' (d')
c'
O 60
e
50
Fig 12
d
Fig (11)
c
b
20
40. Draw the development of the following truncated cone. Fig 15 & Fig.16
O 60
60
50
O 15
30
Fig 15
Fig 16
41. A cone of base diameter 50 mm and height 60 mm is resting with its base on HP. It is cut, as shown in
the following front view of which is as shown in fig.17 & Fig 18. Draw the development of the lateral
surface of it.
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Fig.17
40
60
60
Fig.18
65
10
50
42. Draw the development of the lateral surface of a funnel consisting of a cylinder and a frustum of a cone.
The diameter of the cylinder is 20 mm and top face diameter of the funnel is 80 mm. The height of
frustum and cylinder are equal to 60 mm and 40 mm respectively.
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