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NETWORK TOPOLOGIES
Topology
- comes form the Greek word topos, which means place
- refers to the configuration of cables, computers, and other
peripherals. It is the geometric representation describing the
relationship of all the links and linking devices, called nodes, to one
another.
2.
Advantages:
1. Easy to install and connect
2. Cheaper
3. If any computer or device being down, it does not affect
the aothers
4. Fast relative to ring topology
Disadvantages:
1. cant connect a large number of computers
2. difficult faulty isolation
3. collision may occur
4. signal reflection at the taps can cause degradation in
quality
5. entire network shuts down is there is a break in the main
cable
6. Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone
cable
7. Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution in a
large building
RING TOPOLOGY
- In ring topology, each device has a dedicated point-to-point line
configuration only with the two devices on either side of it.
- It forms a closed loop or circle
- Each device or computer in the ring incorporates a repeater.
- Token passing is used in Token Ring networks. The token is passed
from one computer to the next, only the computer with the token can
transmit. The receiving computer strips the data from the token and
sends the token back to the sening computer with an
acknowledgment.
Advantages:
1. Less expensive since it requires less cabling
2. Fault isolation is simplified.
Disadvantages
1. Traffic is unidirectional
2. If one node goes down, it takes down the whole network
3. Slow
4. To add one node, the whole network must be down first
and after addition the network starts working
Advantages:
1. Easy to install, reconfigure and wire
2. If one link fails, only that link is affected
3. Faster relative to ring topology
4. Multiple devices can transfer data without collision
5. Eliminates traffic problem of bus topology
6. No disruptions to the network then connecting or
removing devices
7. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts
8. Supported by several hardware and software vendors
Disadvantages in addition to star topology:
1. More devices can be attached due to secondary hub or
switch
2. Due to secondary devices distance signal can travel are
increases
STAR TOPOLOGY
The devices are not directly linked to one another
It does not allow direct traffic between devices. Each device
has a dedicated point-to-point link to central controller, called
a hub or switch
If one device wants to send data to another, it sends the data
to the controller, which then relays the data to the other
connected device
The hub or concentrator manages and controls all functions
of the network. It also acts as a repeater for the data flow
HYBRID TOPOLOGY
It is composed of one or more interconnections of two or
more networks that are based upon different physical
topologies or a type of network topology.
Advantages:
1. Easy to install, reconfigure and wire
2. If one link fails, only that link is affected
3. Fast relative to ring and bus topology
4. Multiple devices can transfer data without collision
5. Eliminates traffic problem
6. No disruptions to the network then connecting or removing
devices
7. Easy to detect faults and to remove parts
8. Supported by several hardware and software vendors
Disadvantages:
1. If the central node (hub or switch) goes down then entire
network goes down
2. More cabling is required than bus topology, thus expensive
than bus topology
3. More expensive than bus topologies because of cost of the
concentrators (hub or switch)
MESH TOPOLOGY
Each device has a dedicated point-to-point link to every other
device
The mesh topology connects each computer on the network
to the others
Fully connected mesh network has n(n 1)/2 links for n
devices. Every device on the network must have n1
input/output (I/O) ports.
CATEGORIES OF NETWORK
1. Local Area Network (LAN)
2. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)
3. Wide Area Network (WAN)
Factors that determine types of network:
1. size of the network
2. ownership
3. distance covered
4. physical architecture
LOCAL AREA NETWORK (LAN)
Advantages:
1. Each connection can carry its own data load due to
dedicated link
2. Eliminates traffic problem
3. If one link becomes unusable, it doesnt affect other
systems
4. Privacy or security because of dedicated line
5. Point-to-point link make fault identification easy
Disadvantages
1. More cables are required than other topologies
2. n1 Input/Output ports are required for n devices
3. Installation and reconfiguration is very difficult
4. Expensive due to hardware requirements such as cables
and input/output ports
TREE TOPOLOGY (OR HIERARCHICAL TOPOLOGY)
It is a variation of star topology.
In this topology, not every device plugs to the central hub.
Majority of devices connect to a secondary hub that in turn is
connected to the central hub.