Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
by
Dr, Elemer Makay
Technical Director
Energy Research & Consultants Corporation
Morrisville, Pennsylvania
Pump problems, as well as pump-caused feed water system
problems, can be categorized in the following way:
Vendors.
o
e
e
o
ABSTRACT
12.5
100
t;
INTRODUCTION
25
50
75
'""
'PROPOHD
> ...
TE5TED
100
1'25
46
e
Purchasing equipment.
when observing part (a) or part (b) of Figure 3. Part (c) of Figure
shows shaft axial vibration as the measuring stick of what the
minimum pump flow should be. Part (c) of Figure 4 shows that a
very low beat frequency response is also present. In the power
station, without a magnetic tape recorder, only low frequencies
showed up, using a chart recorder alone. The information was
then put on magnetic tape and analyzed with more sophisticated
electronic equipment such as frequency analyser, as shown in
Figure 4 (b). This tape was played hack 24 times slower to see
the exact formation of pressure waves at different fi-equencies.
The blade passing fi-equency is not only clear, but its amplitude
is significant, almost half of the overall total amplitude.
.3
(c)
(b)
1-
'
'
.
!A
;j
L,_
!I
'
'
t-1
'
r:
i+
'I,,,,
I
'i
!""
I;,
.J
_,
i:G
I+ l1t "':T
,j
f'
-ciJ4'
a
EI- ,J"'
L: tcf i"
1-
,.
1'1 ..
::
I-"-
" : -
' ' . _, .
:-t
t i
L 1--
1-,
,
L h
'
:
,.,
: ll
i
7
e;; ;:.,
1
2
NON-DIMENSIONAL FREQUENCY - Hz (CPS)/ N(RPS)_
...,...,
I!'
G' HY'
I , L-
-, -
i
..
'
!-
- ,....
'It
AXIAL
SHAFT
MOTION
.I
,_
,. i
'-,c
SKAFT
PUMP
!.c. ,., ..
-'-
!J
f:'''l 'l
li't.
'
; ,,
-:-
''
, ,
:"'1
;.
:
--"--
IT'r-1 H
: ; +I f
! }
i---
.T
...
j-
c '
I
I'
'
L-
! +
F'
f,
'
l+
!-
(a)
'l'IMING, REVOLUTION OF
I'
r ;
! .I
I :
!!'
!''
(a)
t
i':'
j;
!---
'
I -
+-- 1-Ji\::: r-
{}
47
<.?
:.!-
i5 l.
i
"'
a
'"
w Q
><O
"'
.8
---
"'
!-<<><
'
----1
---
-- --
r' OF %
/;:
FLOW
F UNCTION
;; ;0 T ;;-;D
DIFF.
N
TYPES. MINIMIZED IN ONE CASE WITH TILT-PAD,I
ANOTHER WITH WEAR-RING REDESIGN. RUBBING CAUSED
;.__W%_1-y_::r..........
!:;!<><- 1
)'.
'
.3
- --
'
'I
.:
------
---;..
,..,...,.
. ...,,.,..,.
.... .
.. :f... ....
.2
.1
NORMAL
TURBULENT
BOUNDARY LAYER
25
50
75
100%-FLOW
125
--
150
--
/,
;":::
:- ..:. LARGE TRANSITORY SEPARATION
:1 ... -::- IN CORNER AT Fl.DOR
WALL-
----""'
17LEXIBLE
:-.,. ...-*'
(a)
FULLY DEVELOPED
STALL AREA
Turbulence.
Cavitation.
(b)
FORMATION OF STALL IN
AN
ANGLE
Hydraulic unbalance.
The last two items are not really flow mechanisms, but are
important phenomena to be listed. Both may cause many unde
tectable headaches for centrifugal pumps, especailly, for nu
clear primary coolant pumps.
48
bushing) type seals. Also, for the more complex seal types
continuous skilled attention is needed at the site which often is
not available. Labyrinth seals are the least demanding work
horses of utility pumps. In order to avoid future disputes, insist
on having labyrinth seals. The only reason for other seal types
(mechanical, controlled leakage, etc. ) is to bring hydraulic los
ses (leakage) down, so the apparent efficiency of the machine
looks good, and guaranteed commitments can be achieved.
BALANCING DEVICES
Wear-ring interaction.
Casing interaction.
This question comes up frequently in power stations which one do you recommend? It really depends on the indi
vidual designer's ability, flow range, efficiency and stability.
Formation of instability in the diffuser passages strongly
depends on the deceleration rate of the fluid flow. The diffuser
decelerates the flow, therefore, it is more receptive to separa
tion and stall formation; hence to part load instability. On the
other hand, at the end of a volute the flow usually is dumped into
the discharge nozzle which then creates other problems. This is
due to the fact that the accumulated effects of the blades, volute
tongue, and diffuser blade passing frequencies, affect the con
trol system, especially for a boiling water reactor system where
the reactor water level control is a sensitive item.
SEALS
l.:ij (l.BS/IR)
with Various Bearing Types. Turbine and feed pump are con
nected u:ith a flexible coupling, hence the critical speeds repre
sent the turbine only.
49
3.0
I
i
RiZJICTOilfl::f:O?UMP:
S!NGLt:STACE
OOUliLt:SUCTJOI>
DISCKARCENOZZL.t
UP
5,1.00 RPM
1.0
o.oi:l.V
1.
2.
OPERATING RPM/FIRST CRITICAL RPM
ROTOR VUIRATlON
- RPS
50
DYNAMIC BALANCING
8 10.
20.
PRBQUUCY
40.
(CPS)
60.
100
200
400
51
"'
..
40.
30.
..
20.
.:
.,
..
6
...
10.
"'
..
10.
20.
40.
30.
% PUMP FLOW
50.
60.
fREQUENCY
ANALYZER Ol!f?liT:
X1
1\
FREQUENCY
(a)
FREQUENCY
CPS
. 1_1 .
/..
NO.
{b) RECIRC,
IHCREASED BY 10 %
FLOW
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
RPM
2,700
3,100
4,000
5,000
5,050
5,100
3,100
peed:
CRITICAL
FlliST
FIRST
orbit:
mila
MAXIIIUII
1.45
4
3
3.8
4
4
N7
I..J
,..,
I I
I I
52
700
10
J!!
;:
600
:s
u:i
::::; 8
'0
..
..,
"'
500
g
:s
HYDRAULICALLY
UNSTABLE
REGIME
::= 6
.5
;;,
z
..,
"'
"'
400
5l..., 4
:;:::
300
;:;
"'
"'
0.
200
2
100
I
Pump flow,
10(
of rated
53
Figure
20. Chart
Efficiency
vs
Specific
Speed
N,
:l ----t------'
OJl-----1---....:...
OJ
25%
PUMP
501
FLCM OR
PLANT
70%
LOAD
IIEP
54