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LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT
NIKE, Inc. Product Comparisons
A footprint includes many different kinds of impacts that
must be measured through the scientific evaluation of all
processes and steps from growing or processing the
materials that go into the product, to how its made, to how
its used and disposed.
To understand our products footprint we have conducted a
thorough analysis of five key environmental aspects: energy
use, greenhouse gas emissions, waste, water use and
chemistry. In this analysis, we look at these five aspects
across three typical-profile running shoes in popular styles
and common sizes.
FY13 data (June 1, 2012 May 31, 2013) - Published May 2014 - 1
METHODOLOGY:
PRODUCT LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT
Whats the total impact of a product? Theres no simple calculation. To
fully understand the footprint of a product, we need to take into account
the materials used (how theyre made and processed), manufacturing
methods (including six or more individual steps), how materials and
products are moved from processing to factory to distribution center then
to retail, as well as the sales infrastructure, the impact at use, and whats
left when the products useful life is over. Our work today does not cover
all of the environmental impacts potentially included in a lifecycle
assessment that could stretch to well over a dozen different impacts
but quantifying these four does provide important insights
OVERALL
WHY
In 2008, NIKE published an energy and carbon footprint of the Air Pegasus
25. This work provided new insight into the footprint of a product.
(http://www.nikebiz.com/crreport/content/environment/4-3-2-highlights-of-ourwork.php?cat=climate-and-energy)
In 2014, we update the footprint with additional data to evaluate water use
and waste, provide a basis for comparison with other styles, and update the
assumptions and data in our previous assessment, as more accurate
information on manufacturing processes, emissions factors, materials impacts
and other data have become available.
FY13 data (June 1, 2012 May 31, 2013) - Published May 2014 - 2
METHODOLOGY:
ABOUT OUR APPROACH
HOW
FY13 data (June 1, 2012 May 31, 2013) - Published May 2014 - 3
RESULTS:
PRODUCT LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT
Air Pegasus 25 (2008) Popular style of running shoe, typical of the range of
available styles. More than 50 component parts. A previous analysis carried out
in 2008 based on available information on inputs, process steps and emissions
factors, but underestimated energy use and over-estimated emissions. The
analysis was updated using new information in 2014.
Air Pegasus 30 (2014) Five years later, Air Pegasus was still a popular style. Due
to updates in design, it was lighter weight, used fewer materials and was less water,
energy and chemically intensive.
IMPACT
MEASURE
SHOE
TOTAL
DESIGN
MAKE
MOVE
SELL
USE
END
OF LIFE
(MATERIALS)
ENERGY
GHG
WATER
WASTE
CHEMISTRY
MJ
kgCO2e
Liters
Kg
kgNMVOCe
204.23
4.32
128.34
48.72
20.83
3.94
0.08
-2.00
178.77
4.32
113.32
38.14
20.83
3.94
0.08
-1.85
156.07
4.32
88.62
39.67
20.83
3.94
0.08
-1.39
13.76
0.27
7.26
4.07
1.53
0.31
0.14
0.18
11.96
0.27
6.35
3.18
1.53
0.31
0.14
0.17
10.88
0.27
5.20
3.31
1.53
0.31
0.14
0.12
4424.42
161.42
1868.26
2113.04
104.21
150.66
3.24
21.83
3733.33
161.42
1636.52
1655.45
104.21
150.66
3.24
21.83
3867.92
161.42
1730.04
1701.99
104.21
150.66
3.24
16.36
1.04
0.01
0.07
0.26
0.03
0.01
0.06
0.59
0.95
0.01
0.06
0.22
0.03
0.02
0.06
0.54
0.67
0.01
0.305
0.09
0.03
0.02
0.06
0.41
0.101
0.000
0.031
0.053
0.016
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.082
0.000
0.027
0.038
0.016
0.000
0.000
0.000
0.081
0.000
0.024
0.039
0.016
0.000
0.000
0.000
FY13 data (June 1, 2012 May 31, 2013) - Published May 2014 - 4
METHODOLOGY:
PRODUCT LIFECYCLE ASSESSMENT
STAGE
PLAN
DESIGN
(Materials)
MAKE
DATA SOURCES
QUALITY
OF DATA
STEPS EXCLUDED
High
Employee commuting
Medium
Mediumhigh
High
SELL
High
USE
Mediumhigh
END OF
LIFE (REUSE)
Mediumhigh
MOVE
Product maintenance
(washing/drying) because it is
uncommon for performance running
shoes
FY13 data (June 1, 2012 May 31, 2013) - Published May 2014 - 5
METHODOLOGY:
External reviews
THIRD-PARTY REVIEW
FURTHER OPPORTUNITIES
The review also identified opportunities for improvement, including:
Expand primary data collection in the supply chain. Due to the
relative significance of a few finished materials in the final
results (i.e, the proportion of impact from materials in the
design stage), improved collection and review of primary data
for key materials (e.g., polyester fabric) would further improve
the accuracy of the results.
Broaden the scope of environmental impacts assessed. The
current project assessed a limited number of aspects.
Recognizing that finished material production and footwear
manufacturing are generally located in developing countries, it
is advised to include impact categories relevant to these
geographies, such as eutrophication, particulate matter
formation, toxicity, and fossil depletion.
Perform further sensitivity and uncertainty analyses: To
improve representativeness and robustness of the results,
additional sensitivity analyses on key parameters and
assumptions and an uncertainty analysis should be conducted.
FY13 data (June 1, 2012 May 31, 2013) - Published May 2014 - 6