Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
CIGRE 2012
SUMMARY
Powerlink Queensland (Powerlink) is the Electricity Transmission Authority in the State of
Queensland Australia, operating at voltages up to 330kV, with an overall strategy in place to move the
organisation towards full IEC 61850 substation solutions incorporating both process and station bus
networks. This paper focuses mainly on process bus using Non Conventional Instrument Transformers
(NCITs) and details steps already taken to gain design and service experience as well as projects
currently in progress to further develop this learning, and then maps the progressive strategy in rolling
out process bus for future projects.
Consequently, market maturity of NCITs is assessed with respect to IEC 61850 applications on the
basis of more simplified and compact primary layout as well as improved safety, reliability,
environmental footprint and reduced cost. The integration and/or mounting possibilities with
conventional HV plant will be considered in terms of layout flexibility. Other areas requiring
direction, include, Merging Unit (MU) concepts, redundancy considerations and unresolved issues in
products and international standards.
While being aware of the ongoing development of the IEC 61850 suite of standards, this strategy will
achieve an IEC 61850 process bus solution to be implemented across Greenfield, Brownfield and
HV plant replacement applications. Each of these scenarios has different solutions depending on site
specifics and the technical environment to which they interface.
KEYWORDS
Non conventional instrument transformer, fibre optic current transformer, merging unit, stand alone
merging unit, IEC 61850-9-2 process bus, sampled value, time synchronisation to IEEE 1588,
IEC 61869, redundancy
INTRODUCTION
Powerlinks internal Engineering Group develops in-house standard substation designs based on
commercially available products from global suppliers. Project specific designs based on the standard
designs are implemented by the in-house Engineering Group as well as external contractors. The
organisation is currently undergoing an extensive program of research, development and the
implementation of IEC 61850 based system solutions.
ahenrion@powerlink.com.au
The intention is to move towards an IEC 61850 process bus in two major steps. The first step is the
development and implementation of a new multi-vendor Substation Automation System (SAS)
standard design based on IEC 61850 station bus [1] by 2013 (design in progress). The second step
includes the implementation of technology facilitated by an IEC 61850-9-2 process bus [2], including
NCIT stand alone applications as well as their combined application with conventional instrument
transformers. This paper focuses on the second step, with timing depending upon the ongoing
development of international standards and the availability of product compliant to those standards.
1.1
Primary
Sensor
Primary
Converter
Primary Power
Supply
Transmitting
System
Secondary
Converter (SC)
Output
Signal
Secondary
Power Supply
1.2
using a Fibre Optic Current Transformer (FOCT) in compliance with IEC 61850. In continuing
this learning, a project currently in progress is a SAS system replacement solution of the
existing six intelligent hybrid substations mentioned above. These three projects are described
in more detail below.
1.2.1
1.2.2
1.2.3
MARKET MATURITY
2.1
NCITs Development
Introduction of the IEC 61850-9-2 process bus standard and the incorporation of NCITs into
IEC 61869 are drivers for both technology and the market to move towards a digital interface
through NCITs to substation metering, protection and control IEDs. While many NCITs have
been developed, tested and are available commercially, others are still in the development
phase. Discussion of NCIT development and application follows.
2.1.1
2.1.2
2.1.3
2.1.4
2.2
of accepting CT and VT analogue input signals and providing an IEC 61850 compliant digital
output transmission to IEDs.
In looking to implement a SV process bus, the lack of commercially available products,
particularly for MUs, is often a constraint. Western protection manufacturers are yet to bring a
MU for connection of conventional instrument transformers and switched Ethernet to market,
while China manufacturers have process bus product available but with sufficient home market
demand there is little promotion of their products in Australia.
A major impediment to the wide spread introduction of 9-2 process bus is the very limited
availability of SV subscribing revenue meters, phasor measurement units and transducers.
3
3.1
3.2
Merging Units
In the application of IEC 61850, MUs are an integral component of the process bus with their
distribution either within the switchyard environment or within the control building. With
respect to FOCTs, the MU is generally considered a proprietary component of the FOCT and
connected by fibre optic cable, with no real advantage of exposing these devices unnecessarily
within the switchyard environment, and Powerlinks experience to date with digital input MUs
supports this reasoning.
However, connection of analogue VT devices as well as connection of analogue CT devices in a
Brownfield application of IEC 61850 process bus, leads to choice of a SAMU (to be defined by
the IEC 61869 standard and discussed in 1.1 and 2.2 of this paper). These devices can accept
digital and analogue from different devices (mixed mode), however there is no clarity around
mixed mode solutions in the standards, resulting in some manufacturers achieving this within
the control and protection IEDs rather than SAMUs. In consideration of this, SAMU devices are
preferred at this point, in all analogue VT and CT applications of IEC 61850, and due to the
considerable savings in multi-core cabling costs, these devices are to be distributed within the
switchyard as close as possible to the associated HV Plant.
3.3
Level of Redundancy
With respect to the National Electricity Rules (NER), a compliant level of duplication of
protection systems is required, which will influence both process and station bus strategies. In
considering NCITs, this extends to primary sensor head, primary converter, transmission system
and secondary converter . As result, the ongoing strategy will be to duplicate sensor heads (or
multiple cores and dual windings in conventional current and voltage measurement
respectively), as well duplication of MU devices and the associated data/signal transmission
cabling (fibre or multi-core cable).
In terms of duplicate fibre optic sensors for CT applications, in line with long term convention,
it would be acceptable to contain the duplication within the same housing and on the same
structure. Should this solution not be available, it is of little consequence to have separate
housings on the same structure.
While the utilisation of embedded ECTs and EVTs within Dead Tank Circuit Breakers
(DTCBs), Hybrids and Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) may well be a future step (with
consideration of distributed CTs either side of the CB), Powerlinks focus is currently on its
conventional AIS standard, which is a CT on one side of a CB only. This philosophy will be
extended to NCIT solutions detailed in the next section of this paper. Should CT measurement
on both sides of the CB be required in the future, the strategy will be revised to suit this need.
In the application of an IEC 61850 process bus, it is important to be able to adjust the strategy to
accommodate market changes and changes to the IEC 61850 suite of standards. With this in mind this
strategy targets intermediate steps in Greenfield and Brownfield applications while attempting to preempt the final solution (best described in a Greenfield application). Figure 2 indicates major decision
making areas in the targeted scenarios and the following sections expand on these scenarios.
FINAL
GREENFIELD
SOLUTION
ECT
EVT
Application dependant
Integrated into CB's
as applicable
Duplicate sensors
Common sensors
Duplicate
Duplicate
Duplicate fibre
To IEEE Std 1588
Control room
Duplicate
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Duplicate
Digital
Integrated LAN's
INTERMEDIATE SOLUTIONS
GREENFIELD BROWNFIELD BROWNFIELD
(new circuit)
(Secondary
System)
FOCT
Conventional VT
Stand alone
Use other
structures
Duplicate sensors
Conventional CT/
VT Metering Units
Duplicate
Duplicate
Duplicate fibre
To IEEE Std 1588
Control room
Duplicate
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Duplicate
Digital
Integrated LAN's
FOCT
Conventional VT
Stand alone
Use other
structures
Duplicate sensors
Conventional CT/
VT Metering Units
Duplicate
Duplicate
Duplicate fibre
To IEEE Std 1588
Control room
Duplicate
SAMU
Close to HV Plant
Duplicate
Duplicate
Digital
Separate LANs
Conventional CT
Conventional VT
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Conventional CT/
VT Metering Units
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
Duplicate fibre
To IEEE Std 1588
Not Applicable
Not Applicable
SAMU
Close to HV Plant
Duplicate
Duplicate
Digital
Separate LANs
4.1
Greenfield sites
Greenfield application is clean in that integration with old systems has mostly been removed,
other than at remote feeder ends, resulting in possible protection IED replacements at those
sites. The strategy illustrated in Figure 3 considers a full 1 CB diameter with both process and
station bus compliance with IEC 61850. The protection is fully duplicated.
4.2
4.2.1
Brownfield
Diameter/Bay Replacements
In roll-out of any new standard there is an expectation that it would encompass new
augmentations to substations, but there will always be exceptions. In the short term, such
exceptions may dominate potential IEC 61850 roll-outs to Brownfield sites, in favour of
conventional means. However, a strategy is still essential in order to grow and ultimately gain
ascendency over conventional means.
With this in mind, such a strategy has been developed to allow augmentation of a new HV
circuit into an existing substation. This strategy is illustrated in Figure 4 in the completion of
an existing two Circuit Breaker 1 CB diameter (conventional ITs) with an additional third
CB and associated Plant, as well as an integrated process and station bus compliant with
IEC 61850. The protection is fully duplicated.
SAS Replacements
With SAS replacements within substations occurring, as a general rule, at least once during the
expected life of HV plant, rolling out an IEC 61850 solution for a Brownfield site
incorporating conventional HV plant becomes an important strategy, and most likely to be
consistently taken up by the organisation from the outset. This strategy is illustrated in Figure
FUTURE CONSIDERATIONS
Given that application of IEC 61850 is still evolving due to different market drivers and change to the
IEC 61850 suite of standards, it is a challenge for utilities to map the most likely architecture.
In the strategy outlined in this paper and in an attempt to pre-empt and adjust direction accordingly,
several likely developments (or product maturity) have already been mentioned, namely;
- Establishment of FOVT technology
With only protection and control considered in the strategy documented, a further development likely
is the integration of HV plant functions into the process bus data stream (e.g. status and on-line
monitoring).
The advantages of NCITs and IEC 61850 process bus implementation in the primary area of HV
substations have been documented in this paper, and these include safety, cost, reliability, environment
and space saving. Of these advantages, space savings largely depend on market direction in the
development of HV plant (e.g. NCIT combinations and/or integration within DTCBs, Hybrids and
GIS). While reduced AIS substation footprints are evident in many installations around the world
(among them being Powerlinks implementation of intelligent hybrid switchgear), such examples are
often one off sites or the implementation of one manufacturers product at multiple sites. For
sustainable primary applications, in order to maximise space saving opportunities, market focus and
multi vendor options are essential.
One consequence of primary plant development in the hybrid context, accelerated by NCITs, could
see a reduction of primary components (namely Disconnectors). This does venture into organisational
operation and maintenance philosophies and is outside process bus drivers, but further space savings
in an AIS environment may lay with change in that direction.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1. IEC 61850-8-1 2004, Communication networks and systems in substations Part 8-1:
Specific communication service mapping (SCSM) Mappings to MMS (ISO 9506-1 and ISO
9506-2) and to ISO/IEC 8802-3, IEC 61 850-8-1:2004(E), First Edition, May 2004.
2. IEC 61850-9-2 2004, Communication Networks and Systems in Substations Part 9-2:
Specific Communication System mapping (SCSM) Sampled Values Over ISO/IEC 802-3,
First Edition, May 2005.
3. IEC 60044-8 2002, Instrument transformers Part 8: Electronic current transformers, First
Edition, July 2002.
4. UCAIug. (2004), Implementation guideline for digital interface to instrument transformers
using IEC 61850-9-2. UCA International Users Group. Raleigh, NC, USA. [Online].
Available: http://tc57wg10.info/downloads/digifspec92ler21040707cb.pdf
5. IEC 61588 (IEEE 1588-2002), dual logo standard, Precision clock synchronization protocol
for networked measurement and control systems, September 2004.
6. Cigr Australia Panel B5, SEAPAC Conference 2009: An IEC 61850 Process Bus Solution for
Powerlink's iPASS Substation Refurbishment Project, Pascal Schaub & Anthony Kenwrick Powerlink Queensland, March 2009.
7. Cigr Australia Panel B5, SEAPAC Conference 2011 Test and Evaluation of Non
Conventional Instrument Transformers and Sampled Value Process Bus on Powerlinks
Transmission Network, Pascal Schaub, John Haywood, David Ingram, Anthony Kenwrick &
Geoff Dusha - Powerlink Queensland, March 2011.
8. IEEE Bucharest Power Tech Conference 2009 Reducing Conventional Copper Signalling in
High Voltage Substations with IEC 61850 Process Bus System, D Mc Ginn, M Adamiak, M
Goraj, J Cardenas - GE Digital Energy
10