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Jack(device)Wikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Jack(device)
FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia

Ajackisamechanicaldeviceusedaasaliftingdevicetoliftheavyloadsortoapplygreatforces.A
mechanicaljackemploysascrewthreadforliftingheavyequipment.Ahydraulicjackuseshydraulic
power.[1]Themostcommonformisacarjack,floorjackorgaragejack,whichliftsvehiclessothat
maintenancecanbeperformed.Jacksareusuallyratedforamaximumliftingcapacity(forexample,1.5
tonsor3tons).Industrialjackscanberatedformanytonsofload.

Contents
1 Jackscrew
1.1 Vehicle
1.2 Housejack
2 Hydraulicjack
2.1 Bottlejack
3 Pneumaticjack
4 Strandjack
5 Farmjack
6 Safetystandards
7 Seealso
8 References

Jackscrew
Vehicle
Scissorcarjacksusuallyusemechanicaladvantagetoallowahumantoliftavehiclebymanualforce
alone.Thejackshownattherightismadeforamodernvehicleandthenotchfitsintoahardpointona
unibody.Earlierversionshaveaplatformtoliftonavehicle'sframeoraxle.
Electricallyoperatedcarscissorjacksarepoweredby12voltelectricitysupplieddirectlyfromthecar's
cigarettelighterreceptacle.Theelectricalenergyisusedtopowerthesecarjackstoraiseandlower
automatically.Electricjacksrequirelesseffortfromthemotoristforoperation.[2]

Housejack
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Ahousejack,alsocalledascrewjack,isamechanicaldevice
primarilyusedtoliftbuildingsfromtheirfoundationsforrepairsor
relocation.Aseriesofjacksisusedandthenwoodcribbing
temporarilysupportsthestructure.Thisprocessisrepeateduntilthe
desiredheightisreached.Thehousejackcanbeusedforjacking
carryingbeamsthathavesettledorforinstallingnewstructural
beams.Onthetopofthejackisacastironcircularpadthatthe
jackingpostrestson.Thispadmovesindependentlyofthehouse
jacksothatitdoesnotturnastheacmethreadedrodisturnedwith
ametalrod.Thispiecetiltsveryslightly,butnotenoughtorender
thepostdangerouslyoutofplumb.

Hydraulicjack

Jackscrewsareintegraltothe
scissorjack,oneofthesimplest
kindsofcarjackstillused.

In1851,inventorRichardDudgeonwas
grantedapatentfora"portablehydraulicpress"
thehydraulicjack,ajackwhichprovedtobe
vastlysuperiortothescrewjacksinuseatthe
time.[3]

2.5tonhousejackthat
stands24inchesfromtop
tobottomfullythreaded
out

Hydraulicjacksaretypicallyusedforshop
work,ratherthanasanemergencyjacktobe
carriedwiththevehicle.Useofjacksnot
designedforaspecificvehiclerequiresmore
thantheusualcareinselectingground
conditions,thejackingpointonavehicle,and
toensurestabilitywhenthejackisextended.
Hydraulicjacksareoftenusedtoliftelevators
inlowandmediumrisebuildings.

Threadedrod,7inches
fullyextended

Ahydraulicjackusesaliquid,whichisincompressible,thatisforcedintoa
cylinderbyapumpplunger.Oilisusedsinceitisselflubricatingandstable.Whentheplungerpulls
back,itdrawsoiloutofthereservoirthroughasuctioncheckvalveintothepumpchamber.Whenthe
plungermovesforward,itpushestheoilthroughadischargecheckvalveintothecylinder.Thesuction
valveballiswithinthechamberandopenswitheachdrawoftheplunger.Thedischargevalveballis
outsidethechamberandopenswhentheoilispushedintothecylinder.Atthispointthesuctionball
withinthechamberisforcedshutandoilpressurebuildsinthecylinder.
Inafloorjack(aka'trolleyjack')ahorizontalpistonpushesontheshortendofabellcrank,withthe
longarmprovidingtheverticalmotiontoaliftingpad,kepthorizontalwithahorizontallinkage.Floor
jacksusuallyincludecastorsandwheels,allowingcompensationforthearctakenbytheliftingpad.
Thismechanismprovidesalowprofilewhencollapsed,foreasymaneuveringunderneaththevehicle,
whileallowingconsiderableextension.

Bottlejack
Abottlejackorwhiskeyjack[4]isahydraulicjackwhichresemblesabottleinshape,havinga
cylindricalbodyandaneck,fromwhichthehydraulicramemerges.Inabottlejackthepistonisvertical
anddirectlysupportsabearingpadthatcontactstheobjectbeinglifted.Withasingleactionpistonthe
liftissomewhatlessthantwicethecollapsedheightofthejack,makingitsuitableonlyforvehicleswith
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arelativelyhighclearance.Forliftingstructuressuchashousesthehydraulicinterconnectionofmultiple
verticaljacksthroughvalvesenablestheevendistributionofforceswhileenablingclosecontrolofthe
lift.
Theyhaveacapacityofupto50tonsandmaybeusedtoliftavarietyofobjects.Typicalusesinclude
therepairofautomobilesandhousefoundations.Larger,heavydutymodelsmaybeknownasabarrel
jack.[5]
Thistypeofjackisbestusedforshortverticallifts.[6]Blocksmaybeusedtorepeattheoperationwhena
greateramountofelevationisrequired.[7]

Pneumaticjack
Apneumaticjackisahydraulicjackthatisactuatedbycompressedairforexample,airfroma
compressorinsteadofhumanwork.Thiseliminatestheneedfortheusertoactuatethehydraulic
mechanism,savingeffortandpotentiallyincreasingspeed.Sometimes,suchjacksarealsoabletobe
operatedbythenormalhydraulicactuationmethod,therebyretainingfunctionality,evenifasourceof
compressedairisnotavailable.

Strandjack
Astrandjackisaspecializedhydraulicjackthatgripssteelcablesoftenusedinconcert,strandjacks
canlifthundredsoftonsandareusedinengineeringandconstruction.

Farmjack
ThefarmjackisalsoknownasaHiLiftJack.Thefarmjack,
inventedin1905,consistsofasteelbeamwithaseriesofequally
spacedholesalongitslength,andahandoperatedmechanism
whichcanbemovedfromoneendofthebeamtotheother
throughtheuseofapairofclimbingpins.Typicalsizesforthe
farmjackare4feet(1.2m),5feet(1.5m)and6feet(1.8m)
referringtothelengthofthebeam.
Thejack'sversatilitystemsfromitsuseforsuchapplicationsas
lifting,winching,clamping,pullingandpushing.Itisthis
versatility,alongwiththelongtravelitoffersanditsrelative
portability,whichmakethefarmjacksopopularwithoffroad
drivers.

Safetystandards
Nationalandinternationalstandardshavebeendevelopedto
standardizethesafetyandperformancerequirementsforjacks
andotherliftingdevices.Selectionofthestandardisan
agreementbetweenthepurchaserandthemanufacturer,andhas
somesignificanceinthedesignofthejack.IntheUnitedStates,

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack_(device)

Afarmjackattachedtoavehicle

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ASMEhasdevelopedtheSafetyStandardforPortableAutomotiveServiceEquipment,lastrevisedin
2014,includingrequirementsforhydraulichandjacks,transmissionjacks,emergencytirechanging
jacks,servicejacks,forkliftjacks,andotherliftingdevices.[8]

Seealso
Palletjack

References

Lookupjackin
Wiktionary,thefree
dictionary.

1."DifferentTypesofJacks|MetroHydraulic".www.metrohydraulic.com.Retrieved20160205.
2.ElectricScissorJacks,JackMaster."ElectricScissorJacks".Retrieved8February2014.
3.Dudgeon,JlUjbrichard(Jan25,1859),Richarddudgeon,retrieved20160205
4.WilliamCox(July2001),"LightTalkonHeavyJacks",OldHouseJournal:37
5.BrianS.Elliott(2006),"AirOverHydraulicJacks",Compressedairoperationsmanual,McGrawHill
Professional,pp.5658,ISBN9780071475266
6.GeorgeWilliamSutcliffe(1895),Steampowerandmillworkprinciplesandmodernpractice,Whittaker&
Co.,p.828,"Thebottlejackisexceedinglyfirmandsafeforshortverticallifts,butisnotconvenientfor
pushinginahorizontalorobliquedirection."
7.JohnNorman(2009),FireDepartmentSpecialOperations,FireEngineeringBooks,p.51,ISBN9781
593701932
8.[1](https://www.asme.org/products/codesstandards/pase2014safetystandardportableautomotive)

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