List of Abbreviations

ACP
ACTM
AEPS
ALI
ALIDES
AMCEN
AOSIS
APEC
ASEAN
ATO
ATS
ATTO
AVR
BAT
Benelux
BNA
CBD
CCAMLR
CC:TRAIN
CCAD
CDM
CE
CEC
CEE
CEL
CEPA
CFCs
CIESIN
CIS
CIT

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African, Caribbean and Pacific Group of States

Antarctic Treaty Consultative Meeting
Arctic Environmental Protection Strategy
American Law Institute
Central American Alliance for Sustainable Development
African Ministerial Conference on the Environment
Alliance of Small Island States
Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation
Association of Southeast Asian Nations
African Timber Organization
Antarctic Treaty System
Asian-Pacific Timber Trade Organization
Archiv des Vlkerrechts
Best available technologies
Belgium, The Netherlands, and Luxembourg
Bureau of National Affairs (Washington, DC)
Convention on Biological Diversity
Convention on the Conservation of Antarctic Marine
Living Resources
Training Programme to Support the Implementation of the
UNFCCC (UNITAR)
Central American Commission of Environment and
Development
Clean development mechanism
Council of Europe
Commission for Environmental Cooperation
(North American)
Central and eastern Europe
Commission on Environmental Law (IUCN)
Canadian Environmental Protection Act
Chlorofluorocarbons
Consortium for International Earth Science Information
Network
Commonwealth of Independent States
Countries in transition

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LIST OF ABBREV IATIONS

CITES

Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species

of Wild Fauna and Flora
COP
Conference of the Parties
CRAMRA
Convention on the Regulation of Antarctic Mineral
Resource Activities
CSD
Commission on Sustainable Development
DDT
Dichlorodiphenyl-trichloroethane
DSU
Understanding on Rules and Procedures Governing the
Settlement of Disputes (WTO)
EB
Executive body
EBRD
European Bank for Reconstruction and Development
EC
European Community
ECA
United Nations Economic Commission for Africa
ECE
United Nations Economic Commission for Europe
ECJ
European Court of Justice
ECLAC
United Nations Economic Commission for Latin America
and the Caribbean
ECOSOC
UN Economic and Social Council
EEA
Agreement on the European Economic Area
EEZ
Exclusive economic zone
EIA
Environmental impact assessment
EIONET
European Environment Information and Observation
Network
ELC
Environmental Law Centre (IUCN)
ELI/PAC
Environmental Law and Institutions Programme Activity
Centre (UNEP)
ELIS
Environmental Law Information System (IUCN)
ELP
Environmental Law Programme (IUCN)
EMS
Environmental management system
EnvLNI
Environmental Law Network International
EPA
Environmental Protection Agency (USA)
ESA
European Space Agency
ESCAP
United Nations Economic and Social Commission on Asia
and the Pacific
ESTs
Environmentally sound technologies
EU
European Union
EURATOM European Atomic Energy Community
FAO
United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization
GATS
General Agreement on Trade in Services
GATT
General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade
GC
Governing Council
GDP
Gross domestic product
GEF
Global Environment Facility

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LIST OF ABBREV IATIONS

GEMS
GESAMP
GHG
GMOs
GNP
Habitat II
HCE
HCFCs
HELCOM
HMS
IAEA
IBRD
ICAO
ICCOPS
ICES
ICJ
ICM
IDB
IDI
IET
IFCS
IFF
IGO
IIASA
ILA
ILC
ILO
IMCAM
IMF
IMO
INC
INF
IO
IOMC
IPCC
IPF
IPPC
IRPTC

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Global Environmental Monitoring Service

Joint Group of Experts on the Scientific Aspects of Marine
Environmental Protection
Greenhouse gas
Genetically modified organisms
Gross national product
UN Conference on Human Settlements
Hexachloroethane
Hydrochlorofluorocarbons
Helsinki CommissionBaltic Marine Environment
Protection Committee
Highly migratory fish stocks
International Atomic Energy Agency
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development
International Civil Aviation Organization
International Centre for Coastal and Ocean Policy Studies
(Genoa, Italy)
International Council for the Exploration of the Seas
International Court of Justice
Integrated Coastal Management
Inter-American Development Bank
Institut de Droit International
International emissions trading
Intergovernmental Forum on Chemical Safety
Intergovernmental Forum on Forests
Intergovernmental organization
International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis
International Law Association
International Law Commission
International Labour Organization
Integrated Marine and Coastal Area Management
International Monetary Fund
International Maritime Organization
Intergovernmental Negotiating Committee
Irradiated Nuclear Fuel
International organization
Inter-Organizational Programme for the Sound
Management of Chemicals
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change
Intergovernmental Panel on Forests
Integrated Pollution Prevention and Control
International Register of Potentially Toxic Chemicals
(now called UNEP Chemicals)

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LIST OF ABBREV IATIONS

ISA
ISM
ISO
ITFF
ITTA
ITTC
ITTO
IUCN

International Seabed Authority

International Safety Management
International Organization for Standardization
Inter-agency Task Force on Forests
International Tropical Timber Agreement
International Tropical Timber Council
International Tropical Timber Organization
International Union for the Conservation of Nature and
Natural Resources
IWC
International Whaling Commission
JI
Joint implementation
JPAC
Joint Public Advisory Committee (CEC)
LBMP
Land-based marine pollution
LMOs
Living modified organisms
LOSC
UN Convention on the Law of the Sea
MAI
Multilateral Agreement on Investment (OECD)
MBr
Methyl bromide
MEAs
Multilateral environmental agreements
MFMP
Multilateral Fund for the Implementation of the Montreal
Protocol
MIF
Multilateral Investment Fund
MOP
Meeting of the Parties
MOU
Memorandum of understanding
NAAEC
North American Agreement for Environmental
Cooperation
NAFTA
North American Free Trade Agreement
NEA
Nuclear Energy Agency (OECD)
NEAFC
North-East Atlantic Fisheries Commission
NEPA
National Environmental Policy Act (USA)
NGO
Non-governmental organization
OAS
Organization of American States
OAU
Organization of African Unity
OCM
Ocean and Coastal Management
ODSs
Ozone-depleting substances
OECD
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development
OPEC
Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries
OSCOM
Oslo Commission (for the Oslo Convention for the
Prevention of Marine Pollution by Dumping from Ships
and Aircraft)
OSPARCOM Oslo and Paris Commission (for the OSPAR Convention
for the Protection of the Marine Environment of the
North-East Atlantic)
PAHs
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons

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LIST OF ABBREV IATIONS

xv

PAHO
PARCOM

Pan-American Health Organization

Paris Commission (for the Paris Convention for the
Prevention of Marine Pollution from Land-based Sources)
PCBs
Polychlorinated biphenyls
PFCs
Perfluorocarbons
PIC
Prior informed consent
POPs
Persistent organic pollutants
PPP
Polluter pays principle
PVC
Polyvinyl chloride
QELRC
Quantified emission limitation or reduction commitment
RECIEL
Review of European Community and International
Environmental Law
ROLAC
Regional Office of Latin America and the Caribbean
(UNEP)
SBC
Secretariat of the Basel Convention on the Control of
Transboundary Movements of Hazardous Wastes and
Their Disposal
SBI
Subsidiary Body on Implementation (UNFCCC)
SBSTTA
Subsidiary Body on Scientific, Technical and Technological
Advice (UNFCCC)
SC
Security Council
SCAR
Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research
SDR
Special drawing right
SEAFO
Southeast Atlantic Fisheries Organization
SIDS
Small island developing states
SMA
Specially managed area (Antarctic)
SPREP
South Pacific Regional Environment Programme
SPS
Agreement on the Application of Sanitary and
Phytosanitary Measures (WTO)
START
Global Change System for Analysis, Research and Training
TAC
Total allowable catch
TBT
Technical barriers to trade
TRAFFIC
Trade Records Analysis of Flora and Fauna in Commerce
TRIPS
WTO Agreement on Trade-Related Intellectual Property
Rights
UN
United Nations
UNCED
United Nations Conference on Environment and
Development
UNCHS
United Nations Center for Human Settlements
UNCLOS
United Nations Conference on the Law of the Sea
UNCOPUOS United Nations Committee on Peaceful Uses of Outer
Space
UNCTAD
United Nations Conference on Trade and Development

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UNDP
UNEP
UNESCO
UNFPA
UNGA
UNGASS

UNICEF
UNIDO
UNITAR
VOCs
WCFSD
WCO
WHA
WHO
WMO
WRI
WTO
WWF
YbIEL

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LIST OF ABBREV IATIONS

United Nations Development Program

United Nations Environment Programme
United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural
Organization
United Nations Population Fund
United Nations General Assembly
United Nations General Assembly Special Session on
Progress Achieved Towards Meeting Objectives of the
Earth Summit
United Nations Childrens Fund
United Nations Industrial Development Organization
United Nations Institute for Training and Research
Volatile organic compounds
World Commission on Forests and Sustainable
Development
World Customs Organization
World Health Assembly (annual meeting of WHO)
World Health Organization
World Meteorological Organization
World Resources Institute
World Trade Organization
Worldwide Fund for Nature (also known as the World
Wildlife Fund)
Yearbook of International Environmental Law

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