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INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION

&TRAINING SERVICES (IITS)

ULTRASONIC
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

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Approved by

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INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION & TRAINING


SERVICES (IITS)

ULTRASONIC
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE
IITS/UT/003, Rev. B
IITS
/2015

This document and all the information contained herein are the
confidential property of Industrial Inspection & Training Services (IITS)
Bangladesh, and may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in
any manner prior to express written authorization by Industrial
Inspection & Training Services (IITS).

INDUSTRIAL INSPECTION
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ULTRASONIC
EXAMINATION
PROCEDURE

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ULTRASONIC
EXAMINATIONPROCEDURE
Rev
B

Date
28/6/2015

Prepared By
IITS

Approved By
Sirajul Islam

Status
Release

Summary:
This Procedure defines the Ultrasonic Testing (UT) techniques to determine a
material's internal volumetric and linear integrity.

Reviewed By:

Sirajul Islam
June 28, 2015
ASNT NDT Level III, #183396
EN ISO 9712 Level III # 08794-2014-02

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This document and all the information contained herein are the confidential
property of Industrial Inspection & Training Services (IITS) Bangladesh, and
may not be reproduced, disclosed, or made public in any manner prior to
express written authorization by Industrial Inspection & Training Services
(IITS).

TABLE CONTAINS:
Section
1.0

Title

Page

Scope...............................................................................................................
3
2.0
Conflicts and
Deviations.................................................................................3
3.0
References......................................................................................................
3
4.0
Personnel........................................................................................................
4
5.0
Equipment and
Accessories..............................................................4
6.0
Calibration..............................................................................
..6
7.0
Examination
Procedure....................................................................8
8.0
Evaluation.........................................................
....9
9.0
Post Examination
Cleaning....................................................................10
10.0
Reports &
Records..........................................................................................10
11.0
Ultrasonic Report
Form..................................................................................18

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1.0 SCOPE
1.1

This Procedure establishes the minimum requirements and


describes the techniques for Ultrasonic Examination on welds
and HAZsof groove welds between the thicknesses 5/16 to 8
(8mm to 200 mm) inclusiveand components conducted in
accordance with the requirements of the referenced
codes/standards.

1.2

This Procedure applies to NDT personnels of Industrial


Inspection & Training Services (IITS) Bangladesh

1.3

Detailed, written, UTInspection procedures shall be used during


all examinations, evaluation and documentation.

2.0 CONFLICTS AND DEVIATIONS


Any conflicts in this procedure and other Materials System
Specifications Standard or industry standards, codes, and forms shall
be resolved in writing by the Company through the Manager,
Industrial Inspection & Training Services (IITS).

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3.0 REFERENCES
ANSI/ASME Section V, Article-4, Article-5 & Article 23
ASTM E114 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Pulse-Echo StraightBeam Examination by the Contact Method
ASTM E 273 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Examination of
Longitudinal Welded Pipe and Tubing
ASTM E 164 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Contact Examination
of Weldments
ASTM E 213 Standard Practice for Ultrasonic Contact Examination
of Weldments
ASTM E 428 Standard Practice for Fabrication and Control of Steel
Reference Blocks Used in Ultrasonic Examination1
ANSI / ASME B31.1 - Inspection, Examination, and Testing
ANSI / ASME B31.3 - Inspection. Examination. and Testing
ANSI / ASME Sec.1 Inspection and Tests
ANSI / ASME Sec. VIII, Div. I Inspection and Tests
ANSI/ASME B 31.4 - Inspection, Examination, and Testing
ANSI / AWS D1.1 - 2008 Edition
API-1104 2008 Edition
API-650 2008 Edition
SNT-TC-1A 2011 Edition
IITS/NDT/WP

4.0 PERSONNEL
4.1

Personnel responsible for NDT activities shall be certified to


Level III in the applicable NDT test methods in accordance ASNT
or ISO 9712 requirements.

4.2

NDE personnel performing NDT test and interpreting test result


shall be qualified and certified in accordance with Industrial
Inspection & Training Services (IITS) Bangladesh written
practiceIITS/WP/002or a written practice that satisfies ASNT
Recommended Practice SNT-TC-1A (2011),CP 189 (2011)
orEN 473 Non-Destructive Testing -Qualification and
Certification of
NDT Personnel -General Principles
or equivalent,
4.3

Personnel evaluating and interpreting indications, and reporting


test results shall satisfy the Level II requirements as a minimum.

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Level I personnel may participate in inspection activities in order


to train as required prior to certifying as a Level II NDT
technician. They shall be under the direct supervision of Level II
or Level III personnel during the inspection activities.

5.0 EQUIPMENTS ANDACCESSORIES


5.1

The ultrasonic instrument shall be the pulse echo type


instrument suitable for use with transducers oscillating at
frequencies between 1 and 6 megahertz. The display shall be an
"A" scan presentation.

5.2

Couplant: The couplant used for Ultrasonic Examination can be


Polycell glue, Oil, Grease, Glycerine, Ultragell or equivalent.

5.3

Search Units:

6.3.1 Straight-beam (longitudinal wave) search unit:


Transducers dimension shall have an active area of not
less than 1/2 square inches (323 square millimetres) nor
more than 1 square inch (645 square millimetres). The
transducer shall be round or square. Transducers shall be
capable of resolving the three reflections when it is
positioned at F on IIW block (Refer Fig 9)
5.3.2 Angle-Beam Search Units: Transducer dimension shall
have width 5/8 inches to 1 inch, Height 5/8 inches to
13/16 inches. Angle is 45, 60, 70 with tolerances 2.
Frequency 2 to 5 MHz. The transducer shall be round or
square. Maximum internal reflectors from each search unit
shall be verified at a maximum time interval of 12 hours
of instrument use. The dimension of the search unit shall
be such that the distance from the leading edge of the
search unit to the index point shall not exceed 1in. (25
mm).
5.4

Basic Calibration Block:


The basic calibration reflectors shall be used to establish a
primary reference response of the equipment. The basic
calibration reflectors may be located either in the component
material or in a basic calibration block (as shown in fig.1). The
reference block shall have following characteristics:

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b)

c)

d)

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Block material shall be of the same product form, material


specification or P- number grouping and with same
acoustic properties to the material to be inspected.
Block surface shall be as much as possible representative
to the member which is to be inspected. The reference
block shown in figure 1 may be used for the construction
of DAC curve and for evaluation of internal reflectors and
planner reflectors.
The calibration block material shall be completely
examine with a straight beam search unit. Areas that
contain an indication exceeding the remaining back
reflection shall be excluded from the beam paths required
to reach the various calibration reflectors.
For ferritic welds in ferritic pipe the basic calibration block
for weldments shall be a section of pipe of the same
nominal size, schedule, heat treatment, and material
specification or equivalent P-number grouping as one of
the materials being examined. For the purpose of this
procedure P-Nos 1, 3, 4 & 5 materials are considered
equivalent. The block size and reflector locations shall be
adequate to perform calibration for the beam angles used.
The surface finish of the calibration block shall be
representative of the surface finish of the piping

MATERIALS WITH DIAMETER 20 INCHES


For examination of materials where the examination surface
diameter is 20" a block of essentially the same curvature or
alternatively, a flat basic calibration block, shall beused.
MATERIALS WITH DIAMETERS <20"
The basic calibration block shall be curved for materials with
diameters less than 20". Except where otherwise stated in this
procedure, a single curved basic calibration block may be used
to calibrate the examination on surfaces in the range of
curvature from 0.9 to 1.5 times the basic calibration block
diameter. The curvature range from 0.94" to 20" diameter
requires curvature as indicated in Fig.2 for any thickness range.
When side-drilled holes are to be used for calibration, the block
shall be as shown inFig.1.
5.5

Basic Calibration Reflectors:

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For Pipe Welds: Calibration reflectors shall be longitudinal


and with circumference notches in both the inner and
outer surfaces. The sizes and locations of the calibration
reflectors are shown in fig. 2. When side drilled holes are
to be used the block shall be as shown infig. 1.
For welds other that pipe welds the basic calibration
reflectors are as shown in figure 1.

6.0 CALIBRATION
6.1

Straight Beam Calibration:

The calibration shall provide the following requirements:


a) Sweep range calibration.
b) Distance-amplitude correction.
When an electronic distance-amplitude correction device is
used, the primary reference shall be equalized on the basic
calibration block at a screen height between 40% and 80% of
full screen height over the distance range to be employed in the
examination.
Sweep Range Calibration:
Calibrate the Sweep range to cover the area of interest required
for the examination. The following is an example using the basic
calibration block side drilled holes.
a) Position the search unit for the maximum first indication from
the T side-drilled hole. Adjust the left edge of this indication
to line 2 on the screen with the delay control (see fig. 3)
b) Position in search unit for the maximum indication from 3/4T
hole.
Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 6 (or other for
convenient measurement) on the screen with the range control.
c) Repeat delay and range control adjustments until the T
and 3/4 Thole reflections start at sweep lines as indicated
above.
Distance Amplitude Correction (DAC)
a) Position for maximum response from the hole which gives
the highest amplitude. See fig. 4.
b) Adjust the sensitivity control to provide an 80% ( 5% of full
screen height) of full screen indication from the hole and
select the point

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c) Position the search unit for maximum response from another


hole indication.
d) Select the peak indication point.
e) Position the search unit for maximum amplitude from the
third hole indication and select the point
f) Connect the screen marks and extend through the thickness
to provide the distance-amplitude correction curve for the
side drilled holes.

6.2 Angle Beam Calibration:


Perform each calibration from the surface corresponding to the
surface of the component from which the examination will be
performed.

Sweep Range Calibration (SEE FIG. 5)


Calibrate the sweep range to cover the area of interest required
for the examination. The following is an example using the basic
calibration block side drilled holes.
a) Position the search unit for the maximum first indication from
the T side drilled hole. Adjust the left edge of this
indication to line 1 on the screen with the delay control.
b) Position the search unit for the maximum first indication from
the T side drilled hole. Adjust the left edge of this indication
to line 2 on the screen with the delay control.
c) Position the search unit for maximum response from the
square notch on line opposite surface. The indication will
appear near sweep line 4.
d) Position the search unit for maximum indication from 1 T.
Adjust the left edge of this indication to line 6 on the screen
with the range control.
e) Position the search unit for maximum response from the
square notch on the upper surface. The indication will appear
near sweep line 8.
f) One division on the sweep equals to T.
Distance-Amplitude Correction (Primary Reference Level)
a) Position the search unit for maximum response from the
hole which gives the highest amplitude.

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b) Adjust the sensitivity control to provide and 80% (5% of


fullscreen height) of full screen indication from the hole. Mark
thepeak of line indication an line the screen.
c) Position the search unit for maximum response from
anotherhole indication.
d) Mark the peak of the indication on the screen.
e) Position the search unit for maximum amplitude from the
thirdhole indication and mark the peak on the screen.
f) Position the search unit for maximum amplitude from the
THole indication after the beam has bounced from the
opposite surface. The indication should appear at sweep line
6. Mark the peak on the screen for 1 1/4 T position.
g) Connect the screen marks for the side drilled holes to
provide thedistance-amplitude curve. Extend the curve to
completely cover the total area of interest.
Calibration Conformation
Calibration shall be performed prior to use of the system in the
thickness range under examination. A calibration check shall
verify the sweep range and distance amplitude correction as
defined below.
Sweep RangeCorrection
If a point on the DAC curve has moved on the sweep line more
than 10% of the sweep reading or 5% of full sweep, whichever
is greater, correct the sweep range calibration and not the
correction in the examination record. If reflectors are recorded
on the data sheets, those data sheets shall be voided and a new
calibration shall be recorded. All recorded indications since the
last valid calibration or calibration check shall be re-examined
with the corrected calibration and their values shall be changed
on the data sheets.
DAC Correction
If any point on the distance amplitude correction (DAC) curve
has decreased 20% or 2 dB of its amplitude, all data sheets
since the last calibration of calibration check shall be marked
void. A new calibration shall be made and recorded and the
voided examination areas shall be re-examined. It any point on
the distance-amplitude correction (DAC curve has increased
more than 20% of 2 dB of its amplitude, all recorded indications
since the last valid calibration or calibration check shall be

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evaluated with the corrected calibration and their values shall


be changed on the data sheets.

7.0 EXAMINATION PROCEDURE


7.1 Surface Preparation

Base Metal: The base metal on each side of the weld shall be
free of weld spatter, surface irregularities, of foreign matter that
night interfere with the examination. Surface preparation is
necessary to ensure that the entire volume of the weld is
scanned with the required angle probe.
Weld Metal: Where the weld surface interferes with the
examination, the weld shall be prepared as needed to permit
examination.

7.2 Scanning

The volume of weld and adjacent base material (volume on


either side of the weld seam) that is to be examined shall be
scanned by straight and angle beam techniques. For typical
scanning technique please refer fig. 7 & 8.

Straight Beam:

The scanning of adjacent base metal shall be performed to


detect reflector that might affect interpretation of angle beam
result. Location and areas of such reflectors shall be recorded.
The weld and base metal shall be scanned, where required by
the referencing code section, to the extent possible with the
straight beam search unit. The scanning shall be performed at a
gain setting of at least 2 times the primary reference level.
Evaluation shall be performed with respect to the primary
reference level.
Angle Beam Scanning for Reflector Oriented Parallel to
the Weld:
The angle beam shall be directed at approximately right angle
to the weld axis from two directions where possible. The search
unit shall be manipulated so that the ultrasonic energy passes
through the entire volumes of weld and the adjacent base
metal. The scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at

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least two times the primary reference level. Evaluation shall be


performed with respect to the primary reference level.
Angle Beam Scanning for Reflector Oriented
Transverseto the Weld:
The angle beam shall be directed essentially parallel to the weld
axis. The search unit shall be manipulated so that the angle
beam passes through the required volumes of weld and
adjacent base metal specified by the referencing code section.
The scanning shall be performed at a gain setting at least two
times the primary reference level. Evaluation shall be performed
with respect to the primary reference level. The search unit
shall be rotated 180 deg. and the examination repeated.

8.0 EVALUATION
Any imperfection which causes an indication in excess of 20% DAC shall be
investigated to the extent that it can be evaluated in term of the acceptance
standards as below:

Acceptance Criteria
Indications characterized as cracks, lack of fusion, or incomplete
penetration are unacceptable regardless of length.
Other imperfections are unacceptable if the indications exceed the
reference level amplitude and have lengths which exceed:
1)
inch for t up to inch.
2)
1/3 t for t from inch to 2 inch.
3)
inch for t over 2 inch.
Where t is the thickness of the weld excluding any allowable
reinforcement. For a butt weld joining two numbers having
different thickness at the weld, t is the thinner of these two
thicknesses. If a full penetration weld includes a fillet weld, the
thickness of the throat of the fillet shall be included on t.

9.0 POST EXAMINATION CLEANING


Remove couplant as much as possible with clean rags

10.0

REPORTS & RECORDS

Record indicating the weld(s) of volume examined, the location of


each recorder reflector, and the identification of the operator who

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carried out each examination or part thereof. See a typical sample on


page 19.
Record
All unacceptable indications
Repairs and results of re-examination
All uncorrected areas which showed responses exceeding 50%
DAC with the area, the response level, the dimensions, the
depth and acceptable rejection classification
All weld areas not completely examination due to stiffness,
attachments, etc. or restricted access and identify

restriction

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Figure-8 Scanning pattern

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Figure-9: Resolution check by A2/V1 block (A-scan presentation)

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ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION REPORT


Requested by & Date:

J.O No / BI No.:

Name of Technician:

Place of Inspection:

Customer:

Report No:

Date:

Date of Inspection:

Description of component Examined:


Material:
Thickness:
Size:
Identification if any:
Acceptance Criteria:
Method:
Calibration Block:
Reference Block:
Reference Sensitivity:
Scanning Sensitivity:
Recording Level
Flaw Detector Manufacturer & Model:
Couplant:
State of Examination:
Surface Condition:
Probe
Angle
Size
Frequency
Defect
Defect
Total
Result
Start
End
Length

Name, Date & Sign of Inspector


Level: II

Client Representative Sign:

House 162, Road 1, DOHS Mirpur-12, Dhaka-1216,


BANGLADESH
Mobile: +880-1967-700721, E-mail: info@iitsbd.com , Web: www.iitsbd.comPage 20

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