Latest Standards, Classification and Resources on AM

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

What's in the Name

Rapid Prototyping
Rapid Tooling
Rapid Manufacturing
Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF)
Layered Manufacturing
3D Printing
Additive Manufacturing
Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

What's in the NameWhats behind the Name

Rapid Prototyping

Not interpreting itself in terms of

other processes, but by its own

Rapid Tooling

distinctiveness

Rapid Manufacturing

Lesser emphasis on the CAPP part

and more on the processes (eg:

Solid Freeform Fabrication (SFF)

Rapid Machining)
Relative words lose meaning after

Layered Manufacturing

a time (high speed steel, high

speed machining)

3D Printing
Additive Manufacturing

Winner

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Additive Manufacturing Standards

ASTM Committee F42 on Additive Manufacturing Technologies
formed in 2009
ISO/TC 261 committee on Additive Manufacturing created in 2011

Subtractive

Additive

Formative

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

New Grouping based on Processing Similarities

Binder Jetting
Direct Energy Deposition
Material Extrusion
Material Jetting
Powder Bed Fusion
Sheet Lamination
Vat photo-polymerization
Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Sheet Lamination
LOM Process

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Sheet Lamination
Solido

Matrix 300+

Fabrosonic

Cubic Technologies (successor

Ireland based mcor

Ultrasonic Consolidation of

organization of Helisys)

technologies

metals

Polythene based

Standard A4 paper

Attached to a CNC machine

Anti-glue used facilitate easy

Blade for cutting

Cost: 4-6 crores approx.

deblocking

Cost: 25 lakhs approx.

Cost: 8 lakhs approx.

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Material Extrusion
Fused Deposition Modeller (FDM)

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Material Extrusion
Stratasys

RepRap versions

Bioplotter

The smallest being Mojo (ABS

Lot of make-it-yourself

From Envision tech, Isreal For

plastic)
Nylon also available these days
Cost: 8-10 lakhs approx.

versions available these days

Cost: 1-3 lakhs approx.

BioPrinting of tissue
engineering parts
Cost: 1.5 crores approx.

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Powder Bed Fusion

Selective Laser Sintering (SLS)

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Powder Bed Fusion

EoS

The Original SLS

Cost: 2-5 crores approx.

Other Variants

Arcam

SLM from Renishaw

Electron Beam based

Similar variants like Phenix

Cost: 1.5 crores approx.

Systems, Concept Laser, 3D

Systems, ReaLizer, SLM
Solutions: each catering to a
specific segment Cost: 2-5
crores approx.
Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Binder Jetting
Binder in place of direct fusion: ZCorp

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Binder Jetting
3D Systems

Voxeljet

ExOne

PXL composite

PMMA acrylic

For Metals & Ceramics

Cost: 15-150 lakhs approx.

Cost: 1 - 3 crores approx.

Cost: 1 - 3 crores approx.

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Material Jetting
Direct deposition of material

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Material Jetting
Objet (Stratasys)

Solidscape

Aerosol (Optomec)

Multi color and multi material

Thermoplastic

Cost: 75-150 lakhs approx.

Cost: 40 lakhs approx.

Nanomaterials, electronic
conductors
Cost: 1.5 to 2 crores approx.

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Direct Energy Deposition

Focused thermal energy (laser, electron beam or arc) used to
fuse materials as they are being deposited

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Direct Energy Deposition

Optomec

Commercial Variants

Non-Commercial
Laser Engineered Net Shaping (LENS)
Directed Light Fabrication (DLF)
Direct Metal Deposition (DMD)
3D Laser Cladding
Laser Generation
Laser-Based Metal Deposition (LBMD)

BeAM, France

Laser Freeform Fabrication (LFF)

Trumpf, France

Laser Direct Casting

InssTek, Korea
Cost: 5 Crores approx.

LaserCast

Sciaky, US

Laser Consolidation

Cost: 5 Crores approx.

3D Welding
3D Welding and Milling
3D Micro Welding (3DMW)
Hybrid Layered Manufacturing (HLM)
Hybrid Plasma Deposition and Milling
(HPDM)
Shape Deposition Manufacturing
(SDM)

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Photopolymerization
Point-by-point (SLA)
Perfactory (whole layer at a time)

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Photopolymerization
EnvisionTec

Pico Pinter

Other Variants

Lithoz, Australia
Innovation MediTech (Bio
Material)
DWS, Italy

CMET, Japan
Focus on Jewellery industry

Small components

Cost: 75-200 lakhs approx.

Cost: 8-10 lakhs approx.

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad

Thank you

Suryakumar S., Department of Mechanical & Aerospace Engineering, IIT Hyderabad