GS Ii

SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Table of Contents
Polity & Governance .............................................................................................................. 6
Topic: Indian Constitution-features ..................................................................................................... 6

Q) Do you think defamation in India should be decriminalised? Is defamation and contempt law
anachronistic? Justify with suitable examples. (200 Words) ..................................................................... 6
Q) Do you think the Article 26(b) of the Indian constitution which grants to religious denominations the
right to manage their own affairs in the matter of religion is antagonistic to other fundamental rights
enshrined in it? Critically analyse. (200 Words) ........................................................................................ 7
Q) In India, court rulings have furthered the reformist agenda of the Indian state at the expense of
religious freedom and neutrality. Critically analyse. (200 Words)........................................................... 8
Q) In India a religious minority is debarred from establishing a university inasmuch as a university can
only be established by a legislature. Do you agree with this statement? Justify. (200 Words) ................ 9
Topic: Constitution features; Devolution; RPA ..................................................................................... 9
Q) Recently the Supreme Court upheld the legality of a Haryana law which disqualifies as candidates
for panchayat seats those without requisite educational qualifications among other similar
criterion. What implications do you think this decision has on democracy? Critically analyse. (200
Words) ........................................................................................................................................................ 9
Topic: Powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies. ................................... 10
Q) Evaluate the role played by the Indian Election Commission in increasing voter base and voters
participation in elections. (200 Words) .................................................................................................... 10
Q) As long as parties pursue their own political interests rather than abide by the Constitution, it will
be left to the courts to uphold federal norms. In the light of recent controversial instances of imposition
of Presidents rule in certain states based on Governors recommendations and the manner of appointing
Governors, critically comment on the statement. (200 Words) ................................................................ 10
Topic: Functioning of the Judiciary .................................................................................................... 11
Q) Unrestrained judicial activism in India, unmoored in sound principles, doing a disservice to
governance in the country and damaging its economic growth prospects. Do you agree with statement?
Are we witnessing judicial hyper-activism which is harming India? If yes, how to restrain judiciary?
Critically comment. (200 Words) ............................................................................................................. 11
Q) Contempt of court is one of the explicitly spelled out restrictions to the guaranteed right to freedom
of speech under the Constitution. Do you think speech in criticism of the courts should be allowed
without punishment in democracy like India? Critically comment. (200 Words) ................................... 12
Topic: Parliament and State Legislatures structure, functioning, conduct of business, powers
& privileges and issues arising out of these................................................................................... 13
Q) Why is it said that money bills have a special place in our Constitution? Do you think the Insolvency
and Bankruptcy Bill, 2015 recently introduced in Lok Sabha fits the definition of money bill? Critically
examine. (200 Words) .............................................................................................................................. 13
Q) Discuss various situations in which proclamation of Presidents Rule is made, the constitutional and
legislative provisions to be met before proclaiming such Rule. (200 Words) ........................................ 13
Q) In the light of the European Councils Convention 108, discuss the concept and importance of data
privacy, the measures needed to ensure privacy in this digital age. (200 Words).................................... 14
www.InsightsIAS.com
www.InsightsonIndia.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Topic: Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and finances up to
local levels and challenges therein. ..................................................................................................... 15
Q) It is said that the Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC) adopted an approach that contributes to
building trust between three layers of governmentunion, state and local by stating in its report that
the rewards of placing trust would far exceed the costs of administering the conditionalities. How does
this trust factor work? Examine the merits and demerits of FFCs new approach. (200 Words) ............ 15
Topic: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies; Dispute redressal mechanisms
and institutions ............................................................................................................................... 16
Q) What do you understand by the new commercial courts system? Critically examine the significance
of the Commercial Courts, Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate Division of High Courts
Act, 2015 for the Indian economy and judiciary, and the challenges in implementation of this Act. (200
Words) ...................................................................................................................................................... 16
Topic: mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and betterment
of vulnerable sections ......................................................................................................................17
Q) Child slavery continues to exist in countries like India despite efforts by countries and NGOs to stop
it. Which policies in India strive to end this practice? What are their weaknesses and what needs to be
done to stop child slavery in India? Discuss. (200 Words) ...................................................................... 17
Q) Some argue that India has a young pension industry and it needs to deepen pension coverage.
Discuss why pension needs to be deepened, challenges facing the existing pension schemes and
measures to be taken by government to deepen pension coverage and address pension challenges. (200
Words) ...................................................................................................................................................... 18
Q) Uniform civil code needed for gender justice. Critically comment. (200 Words) .......................... 18
Q) Do you think only tribals and other forest dwellers should have rights to manage their forests under
Forest Rights Act or should state also have stakes in it? Critically discuss. (200 Words) ....................... 19
Q) Recently the Supreme Court asked Parliament to enact a separate law providing for harsh
punishment to criminals raping infants and children below 10 years. Critically analyse if existing laws
are not sufficient to stop crimes like this and there is a need for separate law. (200 Words) .................. 20
Topic: Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various groups
and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders ............................................... 21
Q) To address some of the pressing socio-economic problems, it is necessary for government to work
together with civil society and NGOs. Do you think this partnership is working well in India? If no,
what needs to be done by both to work together efficiently and transparently? Discuss. (200 Words) .. 21
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues arising out
of their design and implementation ..................................................................................................... 22
Q) The inclusion of CSR spending in the Companies Act suggests a basic misunderstanding of the role
of corporate activity in an economy. What do you understand by this statement? In the light of recent
data on CSR spending by companies, elaborate the statement. (200 Words) .......................................... 22
Q) Why was the Mudra Yojana launched despite the presence of similar schemes? How different is this
scheme? Critically examine. (200 Words) ............................................................................................... 23
Q) A recent World Bank report has found that rather than the poor, the more affluent sections have
garnered a disproportionate share of the benefits of rapid digital expansion. Why do you think this has
happened and what measures should be taken to address this anomaly? Discuss. (200 Words) ............. 23
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) Discuss the objectives and design of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and examine how will this
scheme benefit farmers. (200 Words)....................................................................................................... 24
Q) The growing focus on climate policy in India requires effective institutions that are needed for the
design, coordination and implementation of environment related policies. Critically examine formation
and functioning of such institutions in India. (200 Words) ...................................................................... 25
Q) The challenge of efficiently delivering government benefits to the large mass of poor farmers and the
working population in rural areas is crucial to the revival of the rural economy at a time when it is
clearly in stress. How should government deliver efficiently? Discuss. (200 Words) ............................. 26
Topic:Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and States and
the performance of these schemes; ................................................................................................ 27
Q) Critically analyse the impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme (MGNREGS) on rural economy. (200 Words) ........................................................................... 27
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating to
Education, Human Resources. ....................................................................................................... 28
Q) The New Education Policy on the anvil should encourage academic talent and innovation to make
the system of higher education more responsive to the needs of various stakeholders instead of just
attempting to create a uniform standardised structure. Who are the various stakeholders mentioned in
the statement? What are the demerits of creating a uniform standardised structure in higher education?
Critically discuss. (200 Words) ................................................................................................................ 28
Q) Even though it is mandatory to implement the Section 135 of the Companies Act 2013, the desired
result is not seen on the ground. In your opinion how the provisions of this Section can be implemented
effectively? Critically discuss. (200 Words) ............................................................................................ 29
Q) It is argued that internet is hardening the divide that already exists between the literate and the
illiterate. Do you agree with this view? Critically comment. (200 Words).............................................. 29
Q) The Alma Ata Declaration on Universal Healthcare (WHO 1978) was a clarion call for nations to
focus on health for all their peoples. In this regard, critically examine the problems in primary
healthcare in India with special reference to mental health care. (200 Words)........................................ 30
Q) Recent India renewed its partnership with GAVI, the global vaccine alliance. Discuss the
significance of this partnership, role of GAVI in immunising India and challenges ahead. (200 Words)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 31
Q) Analyse the finding of the first phase of the latest national family health survey ( NFHS-4). (200
Words) ...................................................................................................................................................... 32
Q) Maternity entitlements are an important policy tool for encouraging better maternal health. In this
regard, critically examine if the provisions of the National Food Security Act (NFSA) and the Indira
Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) are sufficient in ensuring better maternal health. Examine
shortcomings of these schemes and governments role in better implementation of these schemes. (200
Words) ...................................................................................................................................................... 33
Q) The latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data has revealed that the number of people
suffering from hypertension in rural India is, in many cases, higher than in urban parts. What are the
possible reasons for this change? Critically examine. (200 Words)......................................................... 34
Q) Across the world, prisons are increasingly used as instruments of social control. With its huge
undertrial population in jails, India is headed in the same direction. Do you agree? Critically comment
on the issue of undertrials in India and suggest what needs to be done to address this issue. (200 Words)
.................................................................................................................................................................. 34
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) It is imperative that the data coming out of NFHS-4 lead to the charting of a new policy course that
makes access to nutrition and health a right for all. In this regard, what needs to be done? Discuss. (200
Words) ...................................................................................................................................................... 35
Q) Despite the findings of the fourth National Food Health Survey (NFHS-4) that has given India plenty
of reasons to cheer, it is said that many concerns remain for India. Critically examine what these
concerns are and how they should be addressed. (200 Words) ................................................................ 36
Q) It is found that there has been increase in tobacco consumption level by children below 18 years of
age in India. What multipronged approach is necessary to keep the young ones away from tobacco?
Discuss. (200 Words) ............................................................................................................................... 36
Q) Do you think welfare schemes have played their role in improving the health of population in India?
Critically analyse in the light of preliminary results of the National Family Health Survey4. (200
Words) ...................................................................................................................................................... 37
Topic: Role of civil services in democracy .......................................................................................... 38
Q) It is said that good administrators may not always turn out to be good policymakers and there is need
to professionalise the bureaucracy for efficient governance. How can professionalism be brought in
bureaucracy? Discuss. (200 Words) ......................................................................................................... 38
Topic: Transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures........................................ 39
Q) Are weaker anti-corruption institutions to blame for corruption in India? In your opinion, what needs
to be done to strengthen anti-corruption systems and processes? Discuss. (200 Words) ........................ 39
Q) The Lodha Committee report has the power to become the lodestone through which Indias
substandard sports governance can be reined in. Discuss. (200 Words) ................................................ 40
Topic: Important aspects of governance, ............................................................................................40
Q) What are the important issues that you think must be addressed by the government to promote good
governance in India? Analyse. (200 Words) ............................................................................................ 40
International Relations ........................................................................................................ 41
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations ...................................................................................... 41

Q) In a major bid to facilitate cross-border transportation and trade, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India and
Nepal signed the landmark Motor Vehicle Agreement in June 2015. Is this agreement capable of
unlocking the huge trade potential of these countries and deepening regional integration in a region
known to be the least integrated in the world? Examine. (200 Words).................................................... 41
Q) Discuss how can India and China play a constructive role in rebuilding Afghanistan politically and
economically. (200 Words) ...................................................................................................................... 42
Q) During last few decades, India has re-engaged Islamabad after previous terrorist attacks emanating
from it with no appreciable gains to show for it. Do you see any flaws in Indias Pakistan policy? What
corrections should India make? Critically discuss. (200 Words) ............................................................. 43
Q) It is said that the current state system in the Indian sub-continent is not cast in stone and there are
many forces reshaping the subcontinents economic and political architecture towards regional
integration. Do you agree with this view? Critically examine. (200 Words) .......................................... 44
Q) In recent years, Pakistan has tried to deal with terrorists, especially with Pakistan Taliban, more
sternly. Yet, terrorist attacks on its cities havent come down. What are the reasons for this?
Examine the implications of further inaction by Pakistan on regional security. (200 Words)................. 44
Q) India recently welcomed the first round of amendments of the new Nepal Constitution. Examine
these amendments and discuss what they mean to Indias relationship with Nepal. (200 Words) .......... 45
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) It is said that India may have to find a way to initiate dialogue not only with the civilian government
of Pakistan but also with the armed forces to establish between two of them and end terrorism. Were
such attempts made previously? Is it possible to make such attempts now? How? Critically examine.
(200 Words) .............................................................................................................................................. 46
Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on Indias interests, .......... 46
Q) In your opinion, whose interests will Chinas one belt, one road initiative serve better Chinas or
participating countries? What will India gain from this initiative? Critically examine. (200 Words) .... 46
Q) A plunge in Chinese stock markets and its weakening economy have affected economies worldwide.
How is India affected and why? Examine. (200 Words) .......................................................................... 47
Q) The rapid rise in the number of expatriate Indian technologists in USA comes in the decade when
Indiaconcerned about brain-drainhas launched a plethora of schemes to attract highly-qualified
scientists back to India. Why do you think USA continues to attract best brains from India? Is it a good
trend? Critically discuss. (200 Words) ..................................................................................................... 48
Q) Recently, economic sanctions against Iran were lifted following IAEAs confirmation of Iran
fulfilling its obligations under an agreement last summer to limit its nuclear programme. What
implications this will have on India? Critically examine. (200 Words) ................................................... 49
Q) It is said that persistently low crude oil prices will impact India in several positive ways. How should
India capitalise on persisting low crude oil prices? Comment. (200 Words) ........................................... 50
Q) The official start of the lifting of crushing Western sanctions on the Iranian economy is generally
said to benefit India. But some commentators argue that it also throws various challenges to Indias
relationship with Iran. Examine. (200 Words) ......................................................................................... 50
Q) Some argue that the international community and stakeholders including India should make peace
with Taliban that is holding highly objectionable religious and political views. Do you support
this? Shouldnt efforts be aimed at ensuring that the Taliban are defeated, both militarily and
ideologically? Critically comment. (200 Words) ..................................................................................... 51
Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate. ..... 52
Q) Discuss why another multilateral development bank is needed such as the Asian Infrastructure
Investment Bank (AIIB) needed and how the AIIB will be different from the World Bank or the Asian
Development Bank. (200 Words) ............................................................................................................. 52
Q) Write a note on the Zika virus outbreak, its causes, consequences and the role of international
agencies in dealing with this outbreak. (200 Words) ............................................................................... 52
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or affecting Indias
interests ............................................................................................................................................ 53
Q) Critically discuss the role of business and businessmen in improving relations between India and
other countries. (200 Words) .................................................................................................................... 53
Q) It is argued that in recent years India has shifted from non-alignment to multi-alignment. Discuss the
reasons for this shift and its benefit for India. (200 Words) ..................................................................... 54
Q) It is argued that India should exit BRICS as it has nothing to gain from the forum. Do you agree?
Examine why such argument is made and justify your stance. (200 Words) ........................................... 55
Q) Panchsheel was promoted by China and India as an instrument for advancing their respective
national interests in the mid-1950s. Discuss. (200 Words) .................................................................... 55
Q) Critically analyse how Indias stand on various issues in WTO has changed since 2001 to recent
negotiations. (200 Words) ........................................................................................................................ 56
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) Write a critical note on South China Sea dispute and examine the purpose and consequences
of Indias joint naval exercises with Japan and USA near the South China Sea region. (200 Words) .... 57
Q) Critically analyse Indias deepening strategic relationship with Israel and its benefits for both the
countries. (200 Words) ............................................................................................................................. 58
Q) To secure Indias vast and vital interests in the Middle East and to prevent the fires there
enveloping the subcontinent, Delhi needs to liberate its policy from narrow domestic political
considerations, look beyond oil and diaspora, and embark on a substantive strategic engagement with
the region. Discuss. (200 Words)............................................................................................................ 58
Q) Briefly examine the aims of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), the International Renewable
Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Policy Network, Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency
Partnership and Global Green Growth Institute. Also examine Indias role in these institutions. (200
Words) ...................................................................................................................................................... 59
Q) Discuss the nature of relation between India and the Arab League and challenges both need to
address together to bring peace in the Arab region. (200 Words) ............................................................ 60
Q) France has emerged, steadily since the 1990s, as Indias most trusted international partner. But has
this goodwill resulted in economic and strategic benefits to India? Critically examine. (200 Words) .... 61
Q) Russia may be Indias oldest and biggest military supplier, the U.S. Indias newest close defence
partner, and China Indias biggest trading partner, but it is France that was Indias first strategic
partner. Elaborate. (200 Words) ............................................................................................................. 62
Q) Do you think China is better placed than any other power including India in a post-sanctions Iran?
Analyse. (200 Words) ............................................................................................................................... 62
Polity & Governance

Topic: Indian Constitution-features
Q) Do you think defamation in India should be decriminalised? Is defamation and contempt law
anachronistic? Justify with suitable examples. (200 Words)
The Indian Express

Batman
Defamation has been criminalized through section 499 and 500 of the Indian Penal Code. However,
recently there have been demands to decriminalize as it has increasingly become a ploy in hands of
politicians to silence dissenting voices.
Defamation should be decriminalized on following grounds:
1)Present structure of law imposes arbitrary restrictions instead of reasonable restrictions and thus
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
there will be regular arrests even for criticizing government

2)Acts can be misused to settle political scores and thwart others freedom of speech
3)Structure of section 499/500 dates back to 1860 and thus the law is not in tune with the present
trends of promoting free speech
Defamation and contempt doesnt suit the modern trends of promoting free speech as is evident from
repeal of section 66A of IT Act by Supreme Court and dismissal of sedition charges against cartoonist
Assem Trivedi by the Bombay HC. Defamation does more harm than good as it gives a chilling effect on
free speech. Defamation and criticism provides conduits for improvement as concerns of people are
heard and corrective actions are taken. It also an important element of democracy and allow the people
to put forward their views.
Thus, it can be said that criminalizing defamation should be done away with and instead suitable
amendments be made to allow the authorities to frame charges as civil offence in case there is a
malafide intention behind such defamatory acts.
Q) Do you think the Article 26(b) of the Indian constitution which grants to religious
denominations the right to manage their own affairs in the matter of religion is antagonistic to
other fundamental rights enshrined in it? Critically analyse. (200 Words)
The Hindu
47
Article 26(b) grants to religious bodies the right to manage their own affairs in the matter of religion.
With the help of this right they were able to frame rules and follow practices applicable to any person
who visited a holy place which was administered by them. However, Article 26(b)'s spirit is in conflict
with
1.Article 25(2) which allows state intervention in religious practice, if it is for the purpose of "social
welfare or reform or the throwing open of Hindu religious institutions of a public character to all
classes and sections of Hindus".
2. Article 25(1) which gives persons the right to worship. The SC has also noted that access to places
having a "particular significance for a religion" is constitutionally protected.
3. Article 17 declares preventing any person from entering any place of public worship or from
worshipping therein as an offence.
The Supreme Court has come up with the following guidelines over the years to resolve any conflict
between Article 26(b) and other rights:
1. It has itself restricted the scope of religious protection clause to only "essential practices of the
religion". If the SC feels that banning women from worshipping is not an essential practice, it would
not protect such a right of the religious denomination.
2. Article 25(1) is enforceable only against the state and not against other individuals, or corporate
bodies. The SC has held that bodies that are "functionally, financially and administratively" under the
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
control of the state can be equated to the state for the purpose of fundamental rights. By doing this it
has equated most of the governing bodies of significant holy places to the state.
3. When a private body prevents a private individual from exercising their constitutional right, then it
is the duty of the state to restrain the former from continuing with its obstruction.
4. While personal law is exempt from the constitution, mere "custom" is not. So any arbitrary customs
which violate the spirit of the constitution would be struck down.
Our constitution itself has been built on conflicting and clashing philosophies. So there is no need to
particularly consider Article 26(b) as antagonising to other fundamental rights. We are a relatively
younger nation and are still evolving to strike a balance between our ancient customs and the modern
values of gender justice, equality, liberty etc. Any conflicts between constitutional principles will be
resolved with time surely.
Q) In India, court rulings have furthered the reformist agenda of the Indian state at the expense
of religious freedom and neutrality. Critically analyse. (200 Words)
The Hindu
rajan
Article 25(1) of the constitution provides the right to freedom of professing, following and propagating
one's own religion. At the same time, article 25(2) empowers the state to make necessary provisions for
public benefit, even at the cost of religious freedom.
The supreme court has upheld this reformist agenda in the following ways
1. Shah Bano Case- The Supreme court going against the Muslim Personal Law, said that it is the duty
of the husband to provide alimony
2. Santhara - Rajasthan high court quashed the controversial practise of Santhara, which critcs said
was equivalent to suicide. The HC thus went against the religious citings which said santhara was an
integral part of Jainism.
3. Sabrimala entry - The SC observed that not allowing women to enter the Sabrimala temple is a gross
violation of their fundamental rights
4. The honourable Courts have interfered at numerous occasions to allow Dalits to pray inside the
temple
Nonethelss, the court rulings have also balanceed reform with the neutrality and freedom of religion as
seen below
1. In Bonnai case, SC ruled that secularism was a basic part of the constitution
2. In Shah Bano case, SC called for enacting of Uniform Civil Code to bring equality between religions
3. SC backed the appointment of priests in Tamil Nadu as per the age old practise of Agamas
4. It did not ban the bursting of fireworks during Diwali
Hence, judidicary has played a vital balancing role. Now, the legisalture and executive should take over
and ensure that the legislations and their implementations are apolitical, neutral and reformatory
while ensuring that it does not harm the freedom of religion
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) In India a religious minority is debarred from establishing a university inasmuch as a

university can only be established by a legislature. Do you agree with this statement? Justify.
(200 Words)
The Indian Express
Hangul
A University is an educational institution which can only be established by the legislature by passing a
statute. Article 30 (1) of the Constitution gives a fundamental right to the religious and linguistic
minorities to establish and administer an educational institution of their choice. However, a confusion
arises as to whether an 'educational institution' under this article includes a University as a University
cannot be established by a private person or body, but can only be established by a statute.
In the 1967 case of Azeez Basha v. Union of India, the Supreme Court held that religious or linguistic
minorities cannot establish Universities. This limited the scope of Article 30 (1) in as much as such
minorities can only establish, at the most, a deemed University. Limiting the fundamental right this
way curtails the right to preserve culture and traditions of a minority community. In fact, the Article
uses the word "of their choice" implying that it is the community's choice of what kind of institution it
wants to establish.
The debate is regarding whether the secular ideals of our Constitution could permit an educational
institution established by Parliament for particular community. It is important that this right be
allowed as our Constitution follows the scheme of substantive equality which aims to empower the
minority communities. A statute establishing a University should merely be seen as a recognition of
such institution as a University. The Parliament had amended the Aligarh Muslim University Act in
1981 to reflect the same. This should be adopted as a trend and minority communities should be given
the right to establish Universities. Not doing so would be restricting the scope of Article 30.
Topic: Constitution features; Devolution; RPA

Q) Recently the Supreme Court upheld the legality of a Haryana law which disqualifies as
candidates for panchayat seats those without requisite educational qualifications among other
similar criterion. What implications do you think this decision has on democracy? Critically
analyse. (200 Words)
Livemint
Cityboy
The SCs ruling on Haryana governments decision for prescribing educational qualifications for
Panchayat candidates will impact democracy in the following manner
1. It will exclude Weaker sections like women, SCs/STs, OBCs etc. with low level of education from
politics and democracy
2. It weakens democracy at the grassroots level when state does not fulfil its responsibility under Art
41 of DPSP which charges States with the responsibility of providing education
3. By prescribing the educational qualifications, the act has diluted the diversity of
panchayats which needs healthy brainstorming capacity to solve rural problems that may not always
be easy to solve by the educated minds alone.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
However, the decision certainly holds merits due to the following reasons
1. Womens education will undoubtedly strengthen democracy as participants in politics become
educated
2. Better education will ensure better implementation of state and centre schemes and ensure
more accountability as educated people aware of their rights can demand more transparency
3. Social revolution At the grassroots, an educated village leader will encourage people to strive for
education
Hence, although the SCs decision may in short-term prevent numerous deserving candidates from
contesting elections, in the longterm, such measures will encourage people to strive for education and
gender-sensitivity. This will strengthen democracy in the long term.
However, such decisions need to be associated with capacity building from the States to ensure that the
State as well as the citizens are fulfilling their DPSP and FD respectively.
Topic: Powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.

Q) Evaluate the role played by the Indian Election Commission in increasing voter base and
voters participation in elections. (200 Words)
The Indian Express

Batman
The steady increasing electoral participation points out to the positive interventions made by Election
Commission of India to secure the same. Free and fair elections attract more voters. The measures
taken by ECI to attract voters include:
Employing Awareness Observer across the country in order to compile a report on voting numbers
and reasons behind low or high participation in each constituency so that ECI can work upon the
hurdles
Introducing Voter Verifiable Paper Audit Trail (VVPAT) to make voting process interactive by
showing the details of their votes
Introducing Short Message Service and Toll Free Numbers so that people can ask details regarding
enrolment process and address of polling station
Live Monitoring of Sensitive Areas to ensure that no mischievous activities are carried at the polling
station
Systematic Voters Education and Electoral Participation (SVEEP) to increase awareness and
education about the electoral process
Replacing ballot papers through electronic voting machine to make the voting process easier
Organizing National Voters Day, Voter Fest and employing school children and renowned
personalities as ambassadors to persuade people to cast their votes
Q) As long as parties pursue their own political interests rather than abide by the Constitution,
it will be left to the courts to uphold federal norms. In the light of recent controversial instances
of imposition of Presidents rule in certain states based on Governors recommendations and the
manner of appointing Governors, critically comment on the statement. (200 Words)
The Hindu
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Sahil Garg
President's rule imposition in the states and manner of appointing the governor has been under
scrutiny for long. There are some specific reasons for this :
Appointment of governor :
1. The constitution requires governor to be appointed by the president (on advice of COMs) , rather
than being elected. This has led to the ruling party making misuse of the power to appoint their
favorites to the position.
2. Persons which are appointed as governors often happen to be closely related to active politics, rather
some eminent personality`,as it should be, thus questioning the legitimacy and integrity of the office.
President's rule and related :
1. The governor has been accused of creating situations for dismantling the state government if it
happens to be different party which is at the center, and thus calling for imposition of president's rule
(Art 355 & 356). This, action militates against the spirit of federalism , and strives towards a unitary
form of govt. Eg : Recent controversy in Arunachal Pradesh
2. Governors are accused of going beyond their discretionary powers, and stalling the welfare process
of the state govt. This hinders the development process. Eg : Delhi CM-Lt.Governor controversy.
Though , this misrule is visible in today's era of rise of regional parties, but this is more of an exception
rather being a rule. After the Bommai vs Union Judgement, regarding the judicial review, and
honorable SC guidelines stating the conditions for president's rule, the cases of it have reduced
drastically, and govt's both at the centre and state tend to work with cooperation and collaboration.
The situation of completely eliminating the misrule can be created by agreeing to Sarkaria commision's
recommendation of appointing some eminent personality as a governor , instead of him being from the
political circles.
Topic: Functioning of the Judiciary

Q) Unrestrained judicial activism in India, unmoored in sound principles, doing a disservice to
governance in the country and damaging its economic growth prospects. Do you agree with
statement? Are we witnessing judicial hyper-activism which is harming India? If yes, how to
restrain judiciary? Critically comment. (200 Words)
Livemint
Batman
Judiciary keeps a restraint on legislative and executive misadventures through the idea of judicial
activism. Positive examples of judicial activism include the ruling on 2G scam, commonwealth scam
and drafting Vishaka guidelines.
However, in the recent past, the line between judicial activism and judicial hyper-activism (or
overreach) is thinning down as evident by the following cases:
Order to double the tax on diesel vehicles entering Delhi would hamper free movement and hamper
the economic growth
Striking down the National Judicial Appointment Commission Act that could have brought efficiency
in the court system and expedited governance
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Reserving premium seats at five times the normal prices in Delhi Metro for car users affected by Oddeven system
Such kind of instances have the potential to hamper Indias growth and governance system as
unnecessary taking up the cases without due introspection sets a precedent whereby people are
motivated to approach courts even in irrelevant instances. The court remains burdened and stay orders
issued by court doesnt allow the executive to move forward on taking some growth-propelling
measures.
In order to deal with this negative phenomenon in the otherwise good judiciary, following steps
should be taken:
Drafting guidelines for Special Leave Petition that allows litigants to challenge any order issued by
other court/tribunal
Establishing a Division Bench in courts to decide PIL/SLP for inspecting them before admission
Accountability mechanism for court whereby people can move to court against the court for frivolous
judgments that hampered economic growth
In my opinion, the judiciary has not wholly crossed the limits imposed by constitution and it is the
right that some corrective measures be put in the system to keep the judiciary good in spirit for the
benfit of everyone.
Q) Contempt of court is one of the explicitly spelled out restrictions to the guaranteed right to
freedom of speech under the Constitution. Do you think speech in criticism of the courts should
be allowed without punishment in democracy like India? Critically comment. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Xavi
Article 19 empowers us with the power of free speech and expression.But the same article limits our
freedom on various grounds, which includes contempt of court.
Why this restriction is needed?
-Judiciary is the guaranteer and protector of citizens rights.Contempt of court is against our own
protector.
-Contempt of court may even leads to chaos and anarchy, as it may lead even lead to non
implementation of judicial verdicts.
-Judiciary keeps checks and balances over both executive and legislature.So if contempt of court
becomes a right, there is a chance that executives and legislatures may become uncontrollable.
-Citizens will lose their belief in judiciary system if contempt of court is encouraged.
Why the ambit of free speech should be increased even to the contempt of courts?
-Even judiciary system is not free within the holds of corruption and nepotism. Criticism of courts will
probably help to maintain a check on corruptions in judiciary.
-In a democratic country like India, every citizen should have the complete right to criticize each and
every machinery under which he/she is governed.
-Various acts like Contempt of courts Act 1971, are seen to be misused by the judiciary to shut the
mouth of the public who tries to criticise the judicial system.
eg:Contempt of court case against Ms:Arundathi Roy
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
So, criticizing the judicial system has both positives and negatives. Honourable judical system should
understand that not every criticism is against our constitution. They should be able to differentiate
between positive criticisms and actual contempt of court. And it is also our responsibility as citizens to
respect our judiciary system as it is our protector of all our fundamental rights.
Topic: Parliament and State Legislatures structure, functioning, conduct of business,

powers & privileges and issues arising out of these.
Q) Why is it said that money bills have a special place in our Constitution? Do you think the
Insolvency and Bankruptcy Bill, 2015 recently introduced in Lok Sabha fits the definition of
money bill? Critically examine. (200 Words)
The Indian Express

Pacify
Money bill unlike other bills passed by parliament holds a special place in our constitution as per
Article 110 a money bill is the bill which must have provision dealing with the imposition, abolition,
remission, alteration or regulation of any tax, the regulation of borrowings by GoI and the regulation of
CFI including appropriation etc. It is also said to be special in a manner that can only be introduced by
LS and RS can only recommendations and that too are not binding on LS.
Following aspects of the bill make it explicitly clear that it does not fits into the definition of money bill
--> Sections 243 to 245 of the proposed code amend laws relating to central excise, income tax and
customs to safeguard the priority rights of secured creditors over tax dues but these amendments
cannot fall under the category of imposition, abolition, remission, alteration or regulation of any tax
Eg. Special Economic Zones Act, 2005, which inserted Section 10AA in the Income Tax Act, 1961, and
granted tax exemptions was not money bill.
-> Section 224 of the code creates an insolvency and bankruptcy fund that will receive grants from the
Central government, deposits from any person or any other source but as per article 110 main object of
a bill is to create a new charge on the CFI or on money provided by Parliament but this does not deals
with exactly that. Ex. Section 16 of the University Grants Commission Act, 1956, provides for a fund of
the commission to which the Central government grants money but not comes under money bill
category .
Though the presence of word "only is deceptive because if the bill does all these things and at the same
time does something else also which have not been mentioned in the Article 110 then it will not be a
money bill. There feels a need to better clarification on this clause in this regard.
Q) Discuss various situations in which proclamation of Presidents Rule is made, the

constitutional and legislative provisions to be met before proclaiming such Rule. (200 Words)
The Hindu
The Hindu
Silver Lining
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
The President, on the advice of the Union Cabinet, may make a proclamation whereby the executive
powers of the State Government and the legislative powers of the State Legislature, are taken over by
the President and Parliament respectively (subject to ratification by both Houses of Parliament, within
a period of two months of such proclamation being made) this is known as Presidents Rule.
Such a proclamation can be made under the following Articles contained in the Emergency Provisions
of the Constitution:
Article 355, which states that, the Union shall protect the States from external aggression and internal
disturbance, and ensure that the government of the State is carried on in accordance with
Constitutional provisions;
Article 356, which states that, if the President is satisfied that a situation has arisen in which the
government of a State cannot be carried on in accordance with Constitutional provisions (he may make
such a proclamation);
In short, when there is a breakdown of Constitutional machinery in the State.
[One could delve into the larger grounds for the imposition of direct rule by the Union Government
(under Article 352 when the security of India is threatened), but such an occurrence would be known
as an Emergency in its absolute form, whereby even civil
liberties are suspended (as opposed to Presidents rule, where the High Court remains functional)].
In practice, Presidents Rule has been imposed largely on grounds of (a) a loss/lack of majority for the
Government of the day (due to defections, breakdown of coalitions) and (b) a law and order exigency
deemed to be beyond the capacity of the State government to address.
Auxiliary insight into the initial conditions to be met before the use of Article 356 can be obtained from
the following:
(i) Dr. B. R. Ambedkar, in the Constituent Assembly debates, had hoped for Article 356 to remain a
dead letter provision.
(ii) The Sarkaria Commission recommended that this provision be used only sparingly, as a measure of
last resort, only when all alternatives to rectify the breakdown (of Constitutional machinery in the
State) have been exhausted.
(iii) In the Bommai Case, the SC further clarified that (a) the bona fide or mala fide nature of the
Presidential order was subject to judicial review and (b) a situation of maladministration in a State
when a duly constituted Ministry enjoys the confidence of the Legislature, does not constitute a
breakdown of Constitutional machinery.
Q) In the light of the European Councils Convention 108, discuss the concept and importance
of data privacy, the measures needed to ensure privacy in this digital age. (200 Words)
Livemint
gajanan ghuge
European council signed a historic convention for the protection of individual with regard to automatic
processing of personal data in 1981,known as convention 108. It is a first legally binding international
treaty for data privacy and protection.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Data Privacy:
It means to safeguard user's data collected for official or non official purpose. This includes technical
,administrative, physical safeguards for data collected.
Importance:
- privacy is fundamental entitlement of citizen as implicated in article 21 of constitution. Data privacy
protect the person from expose in public domain.
- it also ensure the prohibition of misuse of personal data from third party over internet eg- identity
theft.
- it also protect from monetary losses during online transactions.
Measures:
- widening the scope Information Technology Act to ensure data privacy.
- roadmap of data privacy suggested by A P Shah expert group constituted by planing commission in
2012 should be implemented
- use of Privacy Enhancing Technology
- the use of data encryption and authentication for access
- to make privacy as fundamental entitlement as earlier as possible.
Topic: Issues and challenges pertaining to the federal structure, devolution of powers and
finances up to local levels and challenges therein.
Q) It is said that the Fourteenth Finance Commission (FFC) adopted an approach that
contributes to building trust between three layers of governmentunion, state and local by
stating in its report that the rewards of placing trust would far exceed the costs of administering
the conditionalities. How does this trust factor work? Examine the merits and demerits of FFCs
new approach. (200 Words)
EPW
SAURABHSHARAN
Unlike TFC's incentive based approach, FFC adopted a trust based approach which works as follows:
1) The approach focuses on changing the sharing pattern of Centrally sponsored Scheme which aims at
increasing the fiscal responsibility of States in implementation of this Scheme. This includes inter alia
augmentation of Consolidated Fund of State or transferring the fund directly to Local bodies.
2) The states share from the divisible pool has been increased from 32 to 42 % and Centre has decided
to delink support for those schemes which are in state subject.
3)Such increase necessitates condition for strengthening SFC, PRI and ULBs. The trust factor is that
the new approach shifts it paradigm from fiscal discipline to more freedom for states to decide the
grants.
4)The grants has been divided into two parts: a. basic grant b. Performance grants. In rural areas the
ratio of Basic to performance grant is 90:10 and in urban areas it is 80:10. The basic grant is to be
given for enhancing the efficiency and quality of basic services such as roads, street lights, drinking
water, sanitation etc. and performance grant is to be given for maintenance of accounts and audits,
improve revenue form own resources. The States are not mandated for Certification mechanism and
are allowed to administer independently.
5) The unspent performance grant by any local body would be relocated to those local bodies which
spent the amount and improved upon its requirements.
Merits:
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
1) Greater participation of States in deciding upon resource utilisation

2) Strengthening SFC and augmenting Consolidated Fund of States
3)Greater access to performance grants
Demerits:
1) Though this approach strengthens SFC, but it doesn't mandates its composition, constitution so it
might defeat the purpose of increasing fiscal prudence.
2)Per Capita grants: Since the entire formulae is based on population and area, there may be
differentiation in the per capita grants between Urban and rural local bodies.
3)Lack of political will in collecting revenues, taxes, cess, fees may end up in making SFC ineffective.
4) Reforms initiated by TFC may not be continued as they are not in FFC.
Topic: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies; Dispute redressal

mechanisms and institutions
Q) What do you understand by the new commercial courts system? Critically examine the
significance of the Commercial Courts, Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate
Division of High Courts Act, 2015 for the Indian economy and judiciary, and the challenges in
implementation of this Act. (200 Words)
Business Standard
Batman
The new commercial court system is equivalent to a district court that would be established in
consultation with respective state government to hear cases related to commercial disputes.
The recently enacted Commercial Courts, Commercial Division and Commercial Appellate Division of
High Courts Act, 2015 seeks to establish these commercial courts and separate commercial division
bench in High Courts with original jurisdiction (i.e. power to hear case for the first time). The act has
the following benefits:
Economy1)Establishes cost follows the vent regime whereby entire cost of litigation would be borne by the part
against which decision has been made. This would act as deterrent to the defaulters and promote
ethical practices in business
2)Improves ease of doing business in India as it expeditiously delivers the judgment in set time frame
and hence attracts investment and promote entrepreneurship in lines with programs like make in India
and Start Up India
Judiciary1)Seeks to reduce the present burden of such commercial disputes on High Courts and allow them to
work efficiently
2)Brings out a new class of judges leading to specialization in fields of dealing with commercial
disputes
Challenges in implementation:
1)The act covers too much ground i.e. almost every dispute is covered under its ambit which may lead
to generation of huge number of cases
2)The financial threshold is set up at 1 crore which may again pose burden to these courts
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
3)Onus of establishing requisite infrastructure in form of training for judges or the courts lies on the
shoulders of state government which may not be having adequate finance
Thus, it can be said that the act is a good move in the right direction but state government should come
up with innovative financing mechanism for turning the dreams into reality.
Topic: mechanisms, laws, institutions and Bodies constituted for the protection and
betterment of vulnerable sections
Q) Child slavery continues to exist in countries like India despite efforts by countries and NGOs
to stop it. Which policies in India strive to end this practice? What are their weaknesses and
what needs to be done to stop child slavery in India? Discuss. (200 Words)
Livemint
why_so_serious?
Article 23 calls for the right against exploitation and Article 24 talks about protection to child rights-one of the provision of which is no child below the age of 14 years shall be employed in factories. The
policies in India that work for this :
1) In Protection of Child Rights Act 2005, National/State Commission for Protection of Child Rights
and Children courts have established for speedy trial of offences against children or of violation of child
rights.
2)The Right to education act which has a provision of to provide free and compulsory education for
children till the age of 14.
3)The Mines Act 1952 and the Factories Act 1948 prohibit the employment of children in hazardous
factories and mines below 18 and 14 years respectively.
4)The Child Labour (Prohibition and Regulation) Act of 1986: which prohibits the employment of
children below the age of 14 years in hazardous occupations identified in a list by the law.
The weaknesses :
1) Lacunae in implementation of the laws.
2)Some families having low income have no other option but to send there children to work.
3) The distance of school in some cases from a vulnerable child is far away and thus he cannot afford to
go there.
4) Trafficking of children had been a common thing in the present and FIR's even if registered, the
concerned authorities have a snail speed for recovery.
5)Lack of Awareness of these laws have also been a major deterrent in it's implementation of ground
level.
6) Some genuine NGO's who were working for this, after the FCRA the funds have been regulated
which poses problems for them to spread awareness and act accordingly.
The most basic things that needs to be done is spread awareness among the people about the laws
present and education be provided to every child by filling all the gaps. This may include increasing
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
proximity to nearest schools. Further, proper surveillance on the human trafficking incidences and
inspection of the work being done by National commissions is the need of the hour.
Q) Some argue that India has a young pension industry and it needs to deepen pension coverage.
Discuss why pension needs to be deepened, challenges facing the existing pension schemes and
measures to be taken by government to deepen pension coverage and address pension
challenges. (200 Words)
Livemint
Shiuli
The factors which necessitate the need for deepening the pension industry are
1. Structural changes in Indian society which is moving away from the Joint Family system
2. Large number of unorganized sector workers remain outside pension coverage
3. With increasing number of retirees, burden on public pension companies is increasing
4. Low product-diversity due to low private-sector penetration
Challenges faced by existing pension Schemes
1. Civil Servants Pension These pensions are often higher than private sector pensions and are
accused of adding to fiscal pressure
2. Mandatory programmes by Employees Provident Fund Organization Issues with account
movement during job-transfers
3. Unorganized sector pension schemes under National Social Assistance Programme Low awareness
about various pension schemes and issues with migration
Steps which the government can take to deepen financial coverage
1. Accept Bajpai Committee recommendation of lowering Minimum Annual Subscription for NPS
2. Make recent schemes like APY, PMSBY, PMJJBY etc. more attractive by increasing pension
compensation
3. Provide online portals and ensuring smooth pension account transfers
Steps for addressing pension challenges
1. Unifying regulators as per FSLRC recommendation such as PFRDA and IRDA which often deal with
similar product buckets
2. Develop schemes which specifically aim for post-retirement pension instead of the long-term savings
scheme currently followed in EPF, PPF etc.
3. Introduction of Universal Pension Scheme which is being lobbied for by organizations like HelpAge
India
Q) Uniform civil code needed for gender justice. Critically comment. (200 Words)
Business Standard
black mamba
A Uniform Civil Code essentially means a common set of laws governing personal matters for all
citizens of the country, irrespective of religion. Most of Indian personal laws are patriarchal + promote
the imbalance of powers between the genders1) A Hindu woman cant adopt a child in her own name + brunt of Hindu Marriage Act falls on the
second wife who is denied her rights.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
2) In Islam men follow the practice of 'triple talaq + entitlement of daughters is significantly less than
sons.
3) Christian mothers have no right in the property of their deceased children who left no will.
A uniform civil code would change the alternate judicial system of personal laws by bringing uniform
CODIFIED law. It would give more rights to women, ensure their right to equality (bring them at par
with husbands in issues of divorce, adultery, succession etc) and enable their economic independence.
HURDLES:
1) The question of cultural relativism-Right of the religious community as a whole over and above
individual rights. Thiss led to politicisation of UCC.
2) Change in laws in favour of women like Hindu inheritance Act has neither brought about any
significant change in the percentage of property held by women nor in their status.
UCC is indeed a step towards gender justice but it alone cannot empower and emancipate women. We
simultaneously need to revamp our socio-economic structure and planning. It can be done by 1) GENDER INCLUSIVE policies such as gender budgeting, employment and education besides gender
specific initiatives.
2) Reforming criminal law where marital rape is still legitimate.
3) Social reform, gender sensitisation+education and increased women safety.
Q) Do you think only tribals and other forest dwellers should have rights to manage their forests
under Forest Rights Act or should state also have stakes in it? Critically discuss. (200 Words)
Business Standard
Mahsin A Ahmed
Management of forests and rights of forest dweller/tribals has been a contentious issue since
independence. whether the state or the indigenous population should be given the right to manage the
forest is a difficult case to evaluate. Both sides seem to have a reasonable ground to claim.
Arguments for Tribals:
1. They are indigenous people and hence have organic knowledge of the forests which have been passed
on from generations.
2. No/ less any use of modern technology by the indigenous groups also ensures safety of the
environment.
3. Scale of exploitation of the forest are kept under sustainable levels.
4. Depriving the tribals of their rights causes dissatisfaction which often expresses itself in the form of
extremist forces such as present day naxalism or the santhal rebellion in the british era.
Arguments in favour of the state:
Even though the tribals should be given the right to their land, there may be instances where state
intervention may be necessary to safeguard national interests.
1.Resources which are rare such special medicinal plants or species of immense economic potential
might need special treatment. eg. Tendu leaves, sandalwood, bamboo.
2.The indigenous populations may not always have the technical know-how to protect certain
resources.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
3. The government also needs to keep track of negative forces such as terrorism etc who use forests as
their hiding ground.
In short, the state and the forest dwellers need to work in consonance. The concept of the interference
by the state should not be totally discarded but kept at minimal levels. In all such cases where the state
feels an intervention is required, it should consult the concerned ministry and avoid taking any
arbitrary steps.
Q) Recently the Supreme Court asked Parliament to enact a separate law providing for harsh
punishment to criminals raping infants and children below 10 years. Critically analyse if
existing laws are not sufficient to stop crimes like this and there is a need for separate law. (200
Words)
The Hindu
Mahsin A Ahmed
Rising number of victims of rape under 10 years is a cause of serious concern. The penalty for rape
under the present law is seven years but may extend to imprisonment for life, and shall also be liable to
fine. In aggravated situations, punishment will be rigorous imprisonment for 10 years or may be for life
along with a fine. The Protection of Children from Sexual Offenses Act(POSCO) also provides for
criminalising pornography involving children, fast trial process for rape cases etc.
The supreme court recently asked the parliament to enact a separate law to provide harsher
punishment to criminals raping children below 10 years of age. Though it is a progressive move , it may
not ensure safety of the minor. Here is why1. Rape on an infant and children below 10 is a product of an excessive brutal perversion . These
individuals are unlikely to be affected by a harsher law if present laws do not serve the purpose of
deterrence for them.
2. Recently the Law commission in its report stated that it is not severity of punishment that serves the
purpose of deterrence but it is certainty of punishment that does so. Most people committing crimes
believe they can get away with it.
3. A harsher law also means more potential for its abuse. There have been cases where many women
used rape as weapon to blackmail men.
Therefore, I believe , it is not that the laws are inadequate but it is its implementation that is.
What could be the probable solutions.1) Certainty of punishment needs to be ensured hence focus should be on better prosecuting
mechanisms and training of law enforcing agencies. Maximising the extent of CCTv coverage can be
one such move. This must be incorporated in the upcoming Smart cities Scheme.
2) Community participation : We can take the example of singapore where Neighbourhood Watch
Scheme is implemented which encourages mutual care and help among neighbours, through residents
keeping an eye out for each others premises.
3) School Security Committees (SSCs) can be setup.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
4) better implementation of POSCO ACT.

In the long run focussing on education to build a society of no criminals should be the goal. The
ultimate role of law should be to reform the society and not to take revenge.
Topic: Development processes and the development industry- the role of NGOs, SHGs, various
groups and associations, donors, charities, institutional and other stakeholders
Q) To address some of the pressing socio-economic problems, it is necessary for government to
work together with civil society and NGOs. Do you think this partnership is working well in
India? If no, what needs to be done by both to work together efficiently and transparently?
Discuss. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Shiuli
Civil Society and CSIs like NGOs act as a bridge between the government machinery which is
characterised by rules, procedures, hierarchy etc. and the general public who are informal and valuedriven.
CSIs derive strength from Art 19(1)(c), which grants Indian citizens with the fundamental right to form
associations and the National Policy on Voluntary Sector. This partnership has seen both successes and
failures as seen below
1. Successes
(i) Operation Flood, which was a collaboration between National Dairy Development Board and Amul
was a resounding success
(ii) SHGs have been at the forefront of facilitating institutional credit to rural poor alongwith NABARD
2. Failures
(i) Acharya Vinoba Bhaves Bhoodan and JPNs Gramdan movement was not backed up by effective
land reform legislations
(ii) Various CSI oriented provisions such as RTI, Citizens Charter, Social Audit etc. are afflicted by
problems of corruption, bureatic red-tapism etc.
Various measures to enhance government-CSI relationship can be
1. The 2nd ARC had recommended setting up a National Accreditation Council to devise an
accreditation system for voluntary organizations obtaining funds from government
2. Encouraging the extension of SHG movement to urban and peri-urban areas
3. To improve women groupss financing, the operations and capital of the Rashtriya Mahila Kosh
should be enhanced
4. Encouraging CSI participation in Self-regulatory Authorities such as UGC, BCI, MCI etc.
Hence, govt. should act as a facilitator to CSI rather than regulators in their objective of enhancing
India's social capital.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Topic: Government policies and interventions for development in various sectors and issues
arising out of their design and implementation
Q) The inclusion of CSR spending in the Companies Act suggests a basic misunderstanding of
the role of corporate activity in an economy. What do you understand by this statement? In the
light of recent data on CSR spending by companies, elaborate the statement. (200 Words)
Business Standard
Lord buddha
The companies act 2013 stipulates the CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY under section 135 of
the act which mandates the corporates having a minimum net worth of 5oo crore or turnover of 1000
crore or a net profit of 5 crore to spend minimum 2% towards CSR.
Although the companies seems to be in line with the CSR pertaining to sec135 but the role of the CSR
has been grossly misunderstood because of the following reasons:
1.The interpretation of the CSR as an alternative mechanism for the developmental works.
2.The attitude of the corporates towards CSR as an end in itself.
3.Confinement of the CSR projects to the ambit of their operations.
4.Tendenciy to view CSR as the strategic need for reshaping their image.
5. Utilizing CSR as a chest thumping and advertising platform.
The CSR spending is no doubt a noble idea for the development of society with a hand in hand
approach but given the deep penetration of government and its schemes the CSR is no match and
should be regarded as only a "Drop in the Ocean".
# Misinterpretation of data:
The data suggetss a 75% increase in the social spending by corporates in 2014-15 but Institutional
Investor Advisory Services (IiAS), suggests that the rather looking healthy number of approximately
5000 crore is 26% lower than what actually supposed to be according to the law.
# A way forward:
The democratically chosen government can not abrogate its responsibilities and leaving the fate of
developement on the corporates which are more or less a profit seeking entities.
A better policy framework, Improved tax regime(GST) & Direct tax code, deeper penetration of social
welfare schemes are some of the long term solution and ultimate panacea for a developing country like
india.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) Why was the Mudra Yojana launched despite the presence of similar schemes? How
different is this scheme? Critically examine. (200 Words)
The Indian Express
Prakash
Already existing Similar schemes were:

~ Micro Finance Institution which operates through Bank Mitra or Business Correspondent.
~Self Help Group formation and then get licensed and get get loan from Grameen Bank or Cooperative
Bank.
Why Mudra launched despite presence of similar scheme and difference from other
schemes:
~ MUDRA scheme has larger budget fund allocation pool. Right now Govt has decided to provide
annual fund of Rs. 1 trillion.
~ MUDRA bank is also acting as a regulator of MFIs and hence larger role
~ Already running scheme are debt-ridden and sick.
~MUDRA is directly under Central government and mandated under Union Budget 2015 hence,
outside purview of State politics.
~Earlier loans by MFIs have instances of suicide because of unethical extortion method by Finance
institutions. But MUDRA repay methods are very simple. Interest charged on daily basis from the ATM
card.
~ Pre-payment options are available in MUDRA loans.
~MUDRA banks completes the Financial Inclusion objective of FY12 Faster, more inclusive and
sustainable growth. Also it comletes the objective and picture of J-A-M through providing financial
assistance.
~Target set for Shishu(40%, under 50,000), Kishore(35%, 50,000-5 lakhs) and Tarun(25%, 5lakhs10lakhs), hence MUDRA bank is compartmentalised to benefit more to smaller business.
~Simple and Hazzle-free process of loan approval.
But there are instances in Andhra Pradesh and Karnataka where people with fake identity are taking
loans and then diverting it in open market for higher interest.
Hence, MUDRA offers wider range of benefits to small businessmen, which otherwise were never
included in formal lending sector.
Q) A recent World Bank report has found that rather than the poor, the more affluent sections
have garnered a disproportionate share of the benefits of rapid digital expansion. Why do you
think this has happened and what measures should be taken to address this anomaly? Discuss.
(200 Words)
Business Standard
rrv
Though digital service have expanded since past two decades, but due to following reasons there have
been disproportionate digital expansion:
1. Linguistic barrier: as internet carry more than 60% of content in English, it becomes harder for
poor to fetch the benefits of digitalisation.
2. Affordability: due to high cost of infrastructure development to penetrate the services to the
remotest areas, has led to lack of purchasing power by the poor.
3. Digital illiteracy: poor lacks knowledge and education to work with upgrading technology, leading to
slow adaptably.
4. Lack of Physical infrastructure: In India, more households own a mobile phone than have access to
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
electricity or clean water.

5. It is also evident that the reach of digital economy has not penetrated at a similar pace in rural areas
than in urban regions.
Measures:
1. Inclusion of private sector, to vigorously pursue the expansion of broadband and IT infrastructure
throughout the country. It would be imperative that a PPP model is built to implement NOFN.
2. Encouraging entrepreneurs, NGOs in expanding digital literacy and to convert the content in
different languages.
3. Gram Panchayats should be encouraged to disseminate the benefits of digitalisation.
4. Digital empowerment of citizens, especially poor; by making universal digital literacy. Schemes like
Digital India will boost this.
5. Establishing special booths for public internet located in remote areas, which gives services at a
subsidised rate; encouraging poor to adapt new technology.
Since digital technologies have over the past decades succeeded in bringing the excluded sections of
society into the formal system; it would be beneficial that schemes like Digital India, National Rural
Internet Mission etc. are implemented at a faster pace.
Q) Discuss the objectives and design of Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana and examine how
will this scheme benefit farmers. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Business Standard
Livemint
Village boy
Government has launched a new crop insurance scheme - Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana with
considerable improvement over the existing National Agriculture Insurance Scheme.
The new scheme has a number of added features which may make agricultural insurance popular
among the farmers besides extending more protection to them against calamities.
------Following are the main features of the Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana:
1.There is reduced premium for crop insurance:
for Rabi crops 1.5%, Kharif crops 2% and for commercial/horticultural crops 5%. (Under NAIS, there
was a cap on coverage implying that farmer can get only a fraction of the losses.)
2.No cap on Premium:
under the new scheme, there is no cap on subsidy on premium. This means that the government will
bear the cost even if the balance premium. (Similarly, the premium for commercial and horticultural
crops were as high as 25 %.)
3.Reduces leakages and avoids intermediaries:
the scheme uses the mobile based DBT platform under which money is directly transferred to the
farmer. Initially 25% of the compensation will be provided through DBT.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
4.The scheme covers localized calamities:

the scheme gives crop insurance cover to the farmers against hailstorm, landslide, inundation, etc.
There is post harvest coverage for cyclonic and unseasonal rainfall occurs nationally.
5.More coverage:
the scheme aims to give crop insurance coverage to half of the countrys cropped area in the next three
years. At present, the coverage is 23%.
6.Budget allocation and sharing with states:
The budget allocation for crop insurance will be enhanced from the present Rs.2, 823 crore in 2015-16
to Rs.8000 crore in 2018-19. Centre and states will share the expenses equally.
7.Use of technology for mapping and uploading of crop loss data:
The scheme aims to use smart phones to capture and upload data on crop cutting (to estimate loss in
yield) to reduce delays in settling claims. Remote sensing will be used to map crop loss information.
The new scheme contains attractive features which may make crop insurance more interesting for
farmers. Similarly, higher financial commitment by the government and reduction of premium may
invite farmers to adopt Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana.
Q) The growing focus on climate policy in India requires effective institutions that are needed
for the design, coordination and implementation of environment related policies. Critically
examine formation and functioning of such institutions in India. (200 Words)
EPW
Rini
Some institutions/policies framed to address climate change in India have been:

1. National Clean Development Mechanism(2003) in assistance to Kyoto Protocol.
2. PMs Special Envoy on Climate Change(2008) engaging in domestic and international climate policy
3. National Action Plan for Climate Change(NAPCC) 2008
4. PM Council on Climate Change(in 2007) reconstituted in 2014 to coordinate with NAPCC
5. Judicial bodies like the National Green Tribunal(2010)
6. National Mission for Green India(GIM) in 2011 under NAPCC engaging public and multiple levels of
government
7. Engaging scientific bodies eg ISRO and Indian Council of Forestry Research and Education.
These have played important role in policy formulation, implementation and coordination functions
but they need to be strengthened because:
1. Formation of these climate institutions has often been ad hoc instead following development-focused
approach
2. Lack of continuity of institutions eg special envoy on Climate Change was dismantled after 2yrs.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
4. Ebbing coordination across various parts of the government because of different institutional
configurations.
5. Absence of mechanism for sustained and consistent strategic thinking
6. Limited capacity of personnel and cross-sectoral linkage within government
7. Few opportunities for public input and processes being bureaucratically driven. GIM is an exception.
8. State climate plans mostly have been hasty and thus inadequate
Thus climate policies in India require to be strengthened by robust mechanism and strategic planning
to translate ideas into action.
Q) The challenge of efficiently delivering government benefits to the large mass of poor farmers
and the working population in rural areas is crucial to the revival of the rural economy at a time
when it is clearly in stress. How should government deliver efficiently? Discuss. (200 Words)
Livemint
Shiuli
Efficient delivery of government services to poor farmers and rural areas is necessary to improve rural
demand and address the issue of poverty. Efficient delivery of services can be achieved through the
following ways
1. Universalization of PDS The Chhattisgarh and TN model of PDS show that universal PDS lead to
lower leakages as grain-traders get no benefit from hoarding
2. Enhancement of social capital SHG-Bank linkage model with a mentor Self-Help Promoter
Institution(SHPI) should be encouraged as the preferred mode for financial intermediation and
bringing cooperatives under a single law(currently regulated by various State laws) to improve their
functioning as recommended by 2nd ARC
3. Convergence of schemes To prevent multiple-targeting and overlapping of schemes which
ultimately end up benefiting rich farmers, an integrated credit-cum-crop-livestock-human health
insurance package can be developed as suggested by MS Swaminathan Commission
4. Use of technology Measure such as JAM, mKisan app etc. can reduce leakages in agro-subsidies
and enhance information dissemination to ensure that there is sufficient demand for govt. shemes
5. Institutional revamping Various State governments need to address issues of cartelization in
APMCs to ensure that farmers post-harvest losses are minimal and government services are not misutilized
Hence, a multi-pronged strategy needs to be adopted to ensure that government services effectively
address the issues of rural poor.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Topic:Welfare schemes for vulnerable sections of the population by the Centre and
States and the performance of these schemes;
Q) Critically analyse the impact of the Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee
Scheme (MGNREGS) on rural economy. (200 Words)
Business Standard
Batman
MGNREGS is a demand driven scheme that seeks to enhance livelihood security in rural areas by
providing at least 100 days of wage employment in a financial year to every household whose adult
member volunteers to do unskilled manual work. The scheme has drawn praise as well as criticism for
its impact on rural economy.
Positive impact of MNREGS on rural economy Increased the wages of people by providing them work even during the lean agricultural season
Creation of rural assets and infrastructure like water conservation and harvesting and rural road
connectivity increased growth
Boosted agricultural development through reclamation of wasteland/fallow land and construction of
post harvest storage facilities
The supplementary income generated gave a fillip to rural entreprenurship
Increased income was spent on health and nutrition which ensured that more potential could be
extracted out of rural masses
Curbed migration which ensured that there was better utilization and outcome from existing rural
infrastructure
However, there are certain challenges which are hampering the overall potential of MNREGS in
spurring rural economy Wages have not been indexed with rural inflation rates thus the wage growth is lower as compared to
the inflation growth
Instances of unproductive assets being created and withering away of resources that could be used in
other growth-propelling projects
Rise in farm wages is being attributed more to pull effect of boom in construction sector (raised
demand for labor) than to push effect of MNREGS
Cases of rural people having trouble in getting work and being paid
Indexing salaries to inflation rate and independent social audits to keep a check on works done and
wage disbursal to realize the true objective of scheme should be the way forward.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating

to Education, Human Resources.
Q) The New Education Policy on the anvil should encourage academic talent and innovation to
make the system of higher education more responsive to the needs of various stakeholders
instead of just attempting to create a uniform standardised structure. Who are the various
stakeholders mentioned in the statement? What are the demerits of creating a uniform
standardised structure in higher education? Critically discuss. (200 Words)
EPW
LUCKY SOUL
New Education Policy (NEP) initiated by Ministry of Human Resource and Development in 2015, aims
to bring forth quality education by equipping students with necessary skills and knowledge and
bridging the manpower shortage in science, technology, academics and industry.
Unlike the previous initiatives aimed at improving the education scenario, this policy follows a
multilateral and bottom- up approach, which involve attempts to reach out as many stakeholders as
possible and consultations at grassroots level, before coming to a conclusive policy.
The stakeholders involved are a cross section of people, including not only academicians and students,
but also various private players and industry representatives, with an eye for investment in Education
sector. Along with this it includes the various NGOs and local government members, who help the
Government formulate policies favorable to the vulnerable sections of society.
The critics of Higher Education in India, have often argued that, this sector has been plagued by over
centralization, which hampers its qualitative growth. The are in favor of academic autonomy and
interdisciplinary syllabi. Uniform Standardized structure in higher education results in following
maladies:
a. Political interference in appointments to top posts, such as Vice Chancellors and Deans.
b. The trickle down to political appointments, is feudalisation of an educational institution, wherein
meritocracy is marginalized.
c. The Choice Based Credit System, which is an outcome of uniform standardization, is facing practical
hurdles, as some institutions lack resources to offer choice to students.
d. Imposed compulsory syllabus, often erodes the skill development component of education. As our
country is diverse in culture, so are its employment needs.
d. The Academic Performance Index (API), for recruitment and promotion, has mechanized and
undermined the qualitative aspect of teaching profession.
e. Shortage of faculty, owing to various bureaucratic hurdles in new appointments, has aggravated the
academic output. Universities produce more of rote learners than scholars.
Role of Private Sector, has been often discussed in improving higher education. It too has its positives,
as regards resource availability, decentralization and flexibility, along with vocational and employable
education. But it can never be a replacement to Public Sector. Private sector is driven by market forces
and Education can never be put at the mercy of market upheavals.
Education is a holistic concept and a long term investment and accountability to society. In order to
reap the skill and demographic dividend, it should be promoted in Qualitative terms, independent of
market and political subjugation.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) Even though it is mandatory to implement the Section 135 of the Companies Act 2013, the
desired result is not seen on the ground. In your opinion how the provisions of this Section can
be implemented effectively? Critically discuss. (200 Words)
Livemint
Amrita a month ago
Section 135 of companies act 2013 deals with Corporate social responsibility. ie Activities done by a
company to give social-economic-environmental benefits to the society.
Example
Installation of hand pumps/bore well/tube wells/submersible pumps, rainwater harvesting projects.etc
CSR activity is not new to India, however by passing the companies act 2013 now it is mandatory for a
company to spend 2% of their last 3 years profit in CSR activities.This 2% applies to the co whose net
profit before tax is 5 crore or more.
Certain Problems associated with CSR are.
1)Non availabilty of well organized NGOs in rural and remote areas, that can assess and identify real
needs of the community and work accordingly.(thus many CSR activities takes place in URban areas)
2)there are no clear cut statutory guidelines to give a definite direction to the activities of CSR.
3)There exist little or low knowledge about CSR activities within the local communities and thus there
is lack of interest in local community in participating in the activity of the company.
Measures to improve the efficiency.
1)There should be a balance between Urban and Rural area and govt must act as an enabler to engage
local govt and state govt to make sure communities are aware and engage themselves.
2)Clarity over CSR guidelines, its definition regulation, role of companies must be made clear.
3)Scope of CSR may be enhanced by engaging co's in Make in India, skill India program.
4)Regular auditing of Co.
One example of CSR is SNAPDEAL adopts a village in UP and residents named it Snapdealnagar.com.
Q) It is argued that internet is hardening the divide that already exists between the literate and
the illiterate. Do you agree with this view? Critically comment. (200 Words)
Business Standard
why_so_serious?
There has always been a debate on whether internet as a whole has been a bane or a boon. Prior to the
invention of the internet, people to people contact was confined to the movement from one corner to
the other. The coming of the virtual world made sure this interaction became more prominent and also
that a lot of information was shared online making sure of accountability and transparency in some
processes too. But apparently, it has also resulted in the gap between the literate and the illiterate :
1) There is a big dividend that doesn't have access to basic education. Working on the internet seems a
distant dream.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
2) The literate uses this as an oppurtunity and cases of cyber theft, like unethically using the
information of illiterate card holders to commit cyber theft has been prominent.
3)Income difference of the different section has further augmented the gap.Due to lower income levels,
poor neighborhoods lack the infrastructure available in affluent areas.
4)The digital divide continues to widen along very specific racial lines. For example : In the AfricanAmerican community, it was observed that African-Americans, historically, have had negative
encounters with technological innovations.
But everything isn't that bad :
1) It has helped to increase the number of start-up's dependent on internet, which increases purchasing
power parity through employment oppurtunities. This increased oppurtunities in turn can fill the
lacuna between the varied income groups.
2) Digital literacy has been on the rise. Comparatively lesser number of people are now unknown to use
internet then back in the 90's. It means digital literacy is "ever-rising".
3) OCED reports have made it clear that merely getting a digital classroom equipped with internet
doesn't guarantee better literacy and analytical skills.
4)It has been a booster of the varied differences within the society. People have been become more
aware and hence have given up prejudices.
The only way out is looking towards the positive side of it and accept this ever increasing internet
literacy accordingly.
Q) The Alma Ata Declaration on Universal Healthcare (WHO 1978) was a clarion call for
nations to focus on health for all their peoples. In this regard, critically examine the problems in
primary healthcare in India with special reference to mental health care. (200 Words)
EPW
Mahsin A Ahmed
The Alma Ata declaration was surely a clarion call for nations to improve their overall healthcare.It also
led to initiation of many pilot projects in various parts of the world. However, as of now, much lacunae
exists in its actual realisation.
Examination of primary healthcare with respect to mental health:
IssuesEconomic:
1. Infrastructure: Lack of proper investment in the primary health health infrastructure has curbed the
modernisation of public hospitals.
2. Human capital: proliferation of seats in medical and health care institutes are a need of hour. while
various health issues can be dealt with secondary mediums such as ASHA workers,mental
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
healthcare,however, requires the approach of a consultant which cannot be provided but by a qualified
doctor.
3. Employment: Lack of employment opportunities causes poverty leading to depression and anxiety.
Social:
1) Gender Inequality : Leads to deterioration of mental health of women.
2) Social stigma associated with mental illness prevents people from seeking help.
3) Globalisation has led to people aspiring for more. When these aspirations fail to materialise, they
lead to depresion and sucidal tendencies. The popular sociologist Emile Durkheim has a found in his
research that better off countries have a higher rate of suicides.
Technical:
Lack of techniques and processes to demarcate mental illness from normal human distress.
What can be done1. Better implementation of programmes such as National Mental Health Programme to upgrade
psychiatric wings of the GOvt. Med colleges and modernisation of hospitals.
2. Adopting The mental health care bill 2013 which deals with the various rights of the mentally ill.
3. More training institutes for psychiatrists.20% of the indian population suffers from mental illness
but only about 3500 psychiatrists in the country.
4. Investments in sanitation, housing, immunisation ,nutrition through SBM, AMRUT, Mission
Indradhanush and R&D in agriculture should be made for long term gains.
5. Relaxation of FDI norms to improve quality of infrastructure in various sectors and development of
education and employment.
Present situation primary health suggests the state needs to allocate more funds to health. Also, with
regard to mental health, awareness campaigns need to run to break the taboo associated with mental
illness. technical input to integrate mental healthcare into primary healthcare will also be needed.
Q) Recent India renewed its partnership with GAVI, the global vaccine alliance. Discuss the
significance of this partnership, role of GAVI in immunising India and challenges ahead. (200
Words)
Business Standard
The Sherlock
GAVI, the global vaccine alliance, which aims to Save childrens lives and protecting peoples health by
increasing access to immunisation (new and underused vaccines) in poor countries.
Significance and Role of GAVI in immunising India:
- Reports claim that in 2011-2015 period, GAVI have successfully achieved goals of immunising 250 mn
children and preventing 3.9 mn deaths.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
- Around 16 companies are participating in the program and hence vaccine availability have increased
and costs have reduced significantly in recent years.
- India is leading supplier of vaccines even for other poor countries, way ahead of big economies like
USA, China etc.
- GAVI and the GoI can work together to help create a more sustainable global and domestic vaccine
manufacturing base within India.
Examples:
- Introduction of modern, highly-efficacious vaccines, will help protecting children against the leading
causes of disease, including pneumonia and severe diarrhoea.
- Introduction of human papillomavirus vaccine will help protect women against cervical cancer and so
on.
- SMS-based monitoring system and Electronic Vaccine Intelligence Network programme have improved
vaccine supply chains considerably.
Challenges:
- Some key challenges are health systems weaknesses and the issue of equal access.
- Infrastructure issues like modernising the cold-chain equipment and information systems, in
managing vaccine supply chains is still a huge challenge.
- Even though India is a leading supplier for outside world but it's own child population lacks full
access, so it puts a challenge to come up with effective implementation of goals in coming years.
Focus on innovation and programs like Make in India or Digital India could be quite helpful in realizing
the health goals of country. With the success of recent partnership, it will be a huge advantage for India
to continue the partnership in achieving domestic and international immunisation goals.
Q) Analyse the finding of the first phase of the latest national family health survey ( NFHS-4).
(200 Words)
The Hindu
Business Standard
Shreya
The findings of the first phase of National Family Health survey portray a mixed picture.
Improvements :
1) Both Female and Male literacy have shown an improvement, thus showing progress in primary
school enrollment.
2) Lesser number of infant deaths as number of institutional deliveries has gone up and access to antenatal care has expanded. This reflects the considerable success of ICDS , Mother and Child Tracking
System, New Born Action Plan and Janani Suraksha Yojana.
3) Rates of anaemia have declined although it is still widespread, thus exhibiting the partial success of
Weekly Iron folic Supplementation Programme (WIFS).
4) Number of child marriages have also declined. However, state like Kerala with an otherwise high
HDI exhibit a high number of child marriages thus remaining a cause of concern.
Poor Performance:
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
1) Decline in Sex ratio in 9 out of 11 states, including the worst performing states such as Haryana, thus
exhibiting that the programmes such as Beti Bachao Beti Padhao are yet to show results.
2) While other reports such as Global Nutrition Report 2015 highlight the high number of stunted and
undernourished children in India, the NFHS shows that over nutrition and obesity have emerged as a
cause of concern, thus highlighting the gross inequality across the country.
3)Total Fertility rates have not reduced to replacement level in high population growth rate states of
Bihar and Madhya Pradesh.
The above findings reveal that discrimination against females should be dealt with much greater vigor,
by improving access to education, changing societal attitudes and financial empowerment and greater
stress must be laid on family planning and birth control in high fertility states.
Q) Maternity entitlements are an important policy tool for encouraging better maternal health. In
this regard, critically examine if the provisions of the National Food Security Act (NFSA)
and the Indira Gandhi Matritva Sahyog Yojana (IGMSY) are sufficient in ensuring better
maternal health. Examine shortcomings of these schemes and governments role in better
implementation of these schemes. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Affu
The National Food Security Act, 2013, maternity entitlement is a combination of three elements viz.
the right to a meal, free of charge the right to breastfeeding counseling and the right to maternity
benefit of not less than rupees six thousand
The IGMSY provides partial wage compensation to pregnant and lactating women in order to promote
rest and healthy feeding practices, as well as increase utilisation of healthcare services. The scheme is
conditional on timely registration, complete vaccination, attending counselling sessions and exclusive
breastfeeding of the child
India's relatively high maternal morality rate manifests shortcomings of these schemes:
(A) Lack of awareness among women regarding their entitlements and also among the frontline
workers on the criteria for eligibility.
(B) lack of adequate supply of healthcare services, medication, staff and healthcare centres.
(C) Cash entitlements under the scheme are to be transferred to the beneficiaries bank account. the
absence of universal financial inclusion, What exacerbates this issue in undue delay in transferring the
benefits.
(D) The idea behind the scheme IGMSY is to compensate women for the wage losses during and after
pregnancy . Given that the wage rate for unskilled agricultural labour is around Rs 200, the amount of
Rs. 6000 compensates women for a measly 30 days. This amount falls way short of the make,
considering that the scheme seeks to encourage 6 months of exclusive breast feeding.
Though these schemes have helped in reducing MMR and improving nutrition levels,there is a lot more
work to be done to achieve global standards in terms of education,spreading financial literacy through
financial inclusion, influencing change in societal attiudes through NGOS ,enhancing availability of
personnel,infrasturcture at PHC to meet the constitutional obligation under article 42 which provides
for maternity relief as directive to state policy
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) The latest National Family Health Survey (NFHS) data has revealed that the number of
people suffering from hypertension in rural India is, in many cases, higher than in urban parts.
What are the possible reasons for this change? Critically examine. (200 Words)
The Hindu
SVSR
A healthy nation lies in the hands of healthy citizens. Apart from the maladies of malnourishment and
stunted growth of children, the recent NFHS observed growing new trends of health disorders like
hypertension and obesity, not only in urban areas but also in rural areas.
Reasons:
1) Changing lifestyles and gradual accustoming to faulty diet practices.
2) High level stress existing in rural areas due to low incomes, low agricultural productivity and their
instability.
3) Uncontrolled food inflation in the economy has led to consumption of non-nutritious food,
especially in rural areas.
4) Changed cropping patterns led to the low availability of cereals and grains like raagi, jowar etc., and
are causing micro-hunger (deficiency in micro nutrients like iron, zinc etc.)
5) Consumption of low potassium foods due to high costs of fruits and vegetables.
6) Poor income levels due to lack of fair employment opportunities and rural-urban migrations.
7) Mechanization agriculture and lifestyles reduced physical effort.
It is the need of the hour for the government to control food inflation by widening resource base,
establishing national agricultural market, liberalising APMC Act, encouraging diversified cropping,
shoot-up illegal cartelling and sound PDS system with low cost logistic systems. These are very
essential to ensure food security in India. In addition, conducting awareness programmes on balanced
diet and leading healthy lifestyles in schools, colleges and community centres by encouraging NGOs
and civil society is the need of the hour.
Q) Across the world, prisons are increasingly used as instruments of social control. With its
huge undertrial population in jails, India is headed in the same direction. Do you agree?
Critically comment on the issue of undertrials in India and suggest what needs to be done to
address this issue. (200 Words)
EPW
jolly_fish
From the dawn of human civilization prison has been used to incarcerate a segment of people who are
not deemed worthy for the society. Only in last one decade prison has been also seen as reformatory
institution. However plight of under trials especially in India tells a different story. Chhattisgarh with
93-98% under trial prison, Jharkhand close to 80% under trial points out to the following factors for
such menace
Poor socioeconomic profile( Dalit and st constitute 39% population and over 70% undertrials), slow
judicial process resulting massive over pending cases, prejudice amongst sc st minorities during
investigation, inadequate expensive and complex legal services, bail in norm and jail an exception not
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
followed by indian court. In Bheem singh vs UOI trial court Supreme Court has allowed self bail
however it seems like a dead letter
Overcrowded prison(chattisgarh having 260% average occupancy rate), made to work like bonded
labor as no remuneration, no segregation of juveniles, often put in same cell with hardened criminals,
lack of sanitation health and poor nutrition, prison violence, solitary confinement, harsh punishment is
way of life for under trial in prison.
Need to explicitly follow model code provided by home minister in 2003 NHRC has also suggested
ways to humanize prison ,adequate funding, surprise inspection, ramping up NALSA clinic inside
prison,fast track corts, implementing Bheem singh verdict, more prudence need by court and
investigation agency, skill being provided only in big prison like Tihar need to expanded to other parts
of country, literacy mission again tihar campus placement can be emulated , special care for women
and minorities under trials as they are often shunned by community and family, jail audits to find the
actual numbers like bihar prison report 2015 is way forward.
Q) It is imperative that the data coming out of NFHS-4 lead to the charting of a new policy
course that makes access to nutrition and health a right for all. In this regard, what needs to be
done? Discuss. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Shiuli
The NFHS-4 has shown a mixed picture of the healthcare scenario in India. For instance, decrease in
infant deaths due to rising institutional deliveries, lower anaemia rates etc. are largely positive
outcomes, issues such as decline in sex ratio, regional disparities in nutrition and hidden hunger and
high population growth rates are causes of concern.
In this scenario access to nutrition and health for all assumes significance as
1. Health being a State subject and achieving better levels of healthcare being the common objective of
all States, a uniform countrywide policy could address regional disparities in nutrition, gender-ratio
etc.
2. Indias poor Perforfamce in MDG 1,5,6 could be attributed to regional disparities to a large extent
To achieve these objectives the following measures could be undertaken
1. Institutional
(i) Set up a statutory body in lines of NCHR, NCW etc. as an independent healthcare sector agency
(ii) Setting up more institutions of excellence like AIIMS throughout the country
2. Structural
(i) Integrating the large AYUSH practitioners within the mainstream to address worker shortages
(ii) Government should choose between the roles of a primary provider or primary payor in lines
with global practices
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
2. Economic
(i) Improving healthcare insurance cover from the current level of 25%
(ii) Increase healthcare spending to 6-7% of GDP as suggested by a 2012 McKinsey Report
Q) Despite the findings of the fourth National Food Health Survey (NFHS-4) that has
given India plenty of reasons to cheer, it is said that many concerns remain for India. Critically
examine what these concerns are and how they should be addressed. (200 Words)
Livemint
Affu
The recently revealed first phase of NFHS-4 has given the nation reasons to cheer due to decline in
IMR,Uner5 mortaity,rates of anaemia,total fertility with increase in nutrition levels,institutional
deliveries,health insurance.However,the picture is not entirely rosy as the absolute number of people
suffering from anaemia,the number of deaths especially in children due to preventable diseases are
large.RSOC has pointed out that around 40% of India's children under the age of five are stunted (low
height-for-age), nearly 15% are wasted (low weight-for-height) and 30% are underweight (low weightfor-Age)
MAJOR CONCERNS: Nutritition levels,hidden hunger especially among children,women ,deaths due
to preventable diseases pointing towards expansion of immunisation,sanitation,clean water,increasing
BP ,Obesity among rural and urban areas respectively pointing towards unhealthy lifestyle habits.
measures to be taken;
STRUCTURAL :FUNDS: enhancing fund allocation which today stands at meagre 1% of GDP along
with measures to enhance efficiency of funds allocated
FUNCTIONARIES: increasing doctor:patient ratio,primary health care workers,enhancing capacity
building
INFRASTRUCTURE: preparing a comprehensive localised infromation regarding health care facilities
ranging from number of doctors to beds avaialble and measures to enhacne infrastructure
OPERATIONAL:the exisitng schemes to address malnutrition like ICDS,MDM etc needs to monitored
strictly considering outsourcing to private players along with regulation of quality of foof through labs
and fortification to remove hidden hunger
All these steps shall go along way in meeting our global obligations under SDG and constitutional
obligation of improved standards of living to people
Q) It is found that there has been increase in tobacco consumption level by children below 18
years of age in India. What multipronged approach is necessary to keep the young ones away
from tobacco? Discuss. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Sahil Garg
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Tobacco consumption level has proliferated amongst the children below 18 yrs age. This calls for a
strict and multi-faceted approach to tackle this problem, given the harmful effects of this life taking
drug.
1. Legal approach :
(i)The earlier penalties for selling tobacco to children had been a very meager sum, which has been
addressed to a long extent by Juvenile Justice Act , 2015 by providing for Rs 100000 penalty or even
imprisonment.
(ii)Taxation on tobacco products need to be increased.
(iii)Pictorial warnings covering almost the entire packets must be introduced.
(iv)Ban on tobacco and advertisements within school proximity must be enforced
(v)School curriculum may be modified to bring awareness from the start.
2. Awareness :
State must engage with volunteers, NGOs in spreading awareness thorough campaigns . Effective
programmes (slogans, logos) that resonate with the local population must be started. Posters near
informal vendor shops, in schools, coaching areas, fitness centres will help in spreading awareness.
3. Education :
(i) Schools must conduct monthly awareness programmes, with effective inputs from health experts
,counselors,parents.
(ii) Parents have the responsibility of teaching their children, the ill effects of tobacco. Since they are
the first ones to sense any wrong action by their kids , they must take the child to health expert at the
earliest.
An unhealthy mind cannot think and act creatively. The importance of health is clearly emphasized in
our constitution by Right to health , and DPSP of prohibiting drugs. Thus, the efforts must complement
the vision of the constitution makers of a healthy India.
Q) Do you think welfare schemes have played their role in improving the health of population in
India? Critically analyse in the light of preliminary results of the National Family Health
Survey4. (200 Words)
EPW
RajaRaviVarma
Welfare schemes have not just provided minimum support to the social well being of population but
also helped improve the child and maternal health on various parameters like mental, physical health
and economic development of society.
In this regard, lets analyse some Welfare schemes catering to health of population of India:
1. ICDS
Positive: has been instrumental in improving the maternal and child health (reduction in IMR, MMR
an indicator) .
Challenges: Reduction in proportion of undernourished children in India has been modest, and still a
large percentage are underweight especially in rural areas
Way Forward: redirect it towards younger children (0-3 years) and better target towards those who
need it most
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
2. Janani Suraksha Yojana and Janani Shishu Suraksha Yojana

Positive: Institutional deliveries have risen especially in backward states like Bihar.
Challenges: Other indications of motherhood intervention havent fared well, for eg, women benefiting
from post-natal checkups, consuming iron and folic acid tablets.
Way forward: Increase the scope and incentives for women availing JSY, JSSY and ASHA activists.
3. Sabla
Positive: In improving health and nutritional status of adolescent girls in age group of 11-18 yrs, it has
been a great success.
Challenges: Due to budgetary constraints it is restricted only to 205 districts.
Way forward: Expand it by way of funds and resources.
4. Mid Day Meal Scheme
Positive: Worlds largest school feeding programme, has provided nutritious diet, andhelped bring
thousands of students back to school
Challenges: Structural problems, the biggest being lack of proper monitoring mechanism. For eg, In
Bihar the food served caused death of children.Children are getting low quality or insufficient food.
Way forward: Ensure accountability and reduce corruption by involving more local citizens in its
management
Topic: Role of civil services in democracy

Q) It is said that good administrators may not always turn out to be good policymakers and there
is need to professionalise the bureaucracy for efficient governance. How can professionalism be
brought in bureaucracy? Discuss. (200 Words)
Livemint
Sepoy No 1446
Due to growing complexities of 21st century, information and technological revolution, globalisation,
network administration and the recent emphasis on "minimum government, maximum governance", it
has become essential to have a " coalition of actors " in administration. This means only the "career
bureaucrats" won't be able to provide good policy decision. We will need specialists, experts, third
party consultants, international advisory agency etc to bring efficient governance.
This means we must ensure professionalism in bureaucracy. This can be done by considering
following:
-2nd ARC has recommended extensive appraisal, first at 13th year of service and second at 20th year of
service. At second appraisal a decision will be taken over continuity and retention of civil servants
based on their performance.
- Performance measurement through Results framework documents (RFD).The department as a whole
will be responsible which will transfer accountability to "Babu's"
-Repealing article 309 and 310 and amending article 311 to remove complacency and bring
accountability.
-Lateral entry: of specialists especially in middle and top level.Same recommended by first and second
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
ARC.
-Private involvement: for example Nandan Nilekani in AADHAR project and Ratan Tata in Kayakalp
project (Railway reforms) sets "precedent" and "experience"
Thus both internal reforms and external engagement are needed to bring professionalism in
bureaucracy.
Topic: Transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.

Q) Are weaker anti-corruption institutions to blame for corruption in India? In your opinion,
what needs to be done to strengthen anti-corruption systems and processes? Discuss. (200
Words)
The Indian Express

Batman
Institutional framework to handle the cases of corruption in India includes Central Vigilance
Commission, Comptroller and Auditor General, Central Bureau of Investigation and Lokapal and
Lokayuktas (yet to be established).
These institutions suffer from the following weaknesses:
1)CVC: It doesnt have an exclusive investigation wing has limited jurisdiction. Further, it needs
permission from competent authorities in certain cases while carrying out investigation
2)CBI: Its autonomy is hampered because they mostly work under the garb of government and extend
their services to CVC in few instances
3)CAG: it has no authority to ensure compliance with its recommendations and thus problems
continue to persist
However, it is not only about weak institutions but also the authorities (legislature) that have instituted
them in a way to ensure that political interference is maintained. Further, some of the archaic rules and
acts e.g. skewed definition of the term corruption
In PCA, the right to appeal in higher courts and provision of forfeiture of wrongly acquired properties
only after conviction works against these institutions.
Following steps can be taken to strengthen the anti-corruption systems and processes:
1)Expand the definition of corruption in line with Second ARCs recommendations so that greater
number of cases can be taken up
2)Place CBI under the authority of CVC for full-time
3)Enact long pending legislations like The Corrupt Public Servants (forfeiture of property) bill to
ensure that forfeiture of wrongly acquired properties can be made in time; The Whistleblower
protection Bill for providing prote ction to whistleblowers
4)Make suitable amendments in constitution to make Parliament accountable for taking steps on
CAGs recommendations
5)Repeal article 310 and 310 that give excessive protection to civil servants and provide requisite
protection through amendments in article 309
6)Fast track the establishment of institutions of Lokpal and Lokayukta
7)Expand the ambit of RTI to include political parties within its purview
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Stemming corruption through requisite measures to ensure the welfare of people should be the way
forward.
Q) The Lodha Committee report has the power to become the lodestone through which Indias
substandard sports governance can be reined in. Discuss. (200 Words)
EPW
Shiuli
The Lodha Committee report is primarily aimed at restructuring the functioning of BCCI. However, its
recommendation can be used as overarching framework to reform sports functioning in the country.
The changes recommended can be seen as follows
1. Structural
(i) Separating the governance/policy formulation body from daily management body This would
ensure that the think-tanks are not involved in micro-management of the body
(ii) Creation of Players Association Give an institutional backing to concerns of players instead of the
current informal arrangement
(iii) Uniform voting power of States in the sports body This would ensure equal emphasis on the
standard of sports being played in all States
2. Procedural
(i) Appointment of CEO Would reduce the logistical burden of the body which is expected to bring
professionalism and transparency in the bodys functioning
(ii) Inclusion of CAGs office Would solve the quagmire of regulation of a private body performing
public functions
(iii) Norms regarding conflict of interest This would ensure that officials who have personal stakes in
the bodys functioning are not given administrative roles, thus promoting higher ethical standards
Other issues like regulation of bodies registered as Societies whos funding are not open to scrutiny can
also be considered. The 2nd ARC had recommended setting up of a National Accreditation Council for
this purpose.
Topic: Important aspects of governance,

Q) What are the important issues that you think must be addressed by the government to
promote good governance in India? Analyse. (200 Words)
Business Standard
Batman
Good governance has become a must for ensuring success of schemes and putting the country on a
path of welfare for everyone. Following issues may be considered for attaining good governance:
1)Removal of corruption and red-tape: This can be done through widening the definition of corruption
and ensuring autonomy of anti-corruption agencies like CVC and CBI
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
2)Accountability and Transparency: Systems have to build to be built in such a manner so as to ingrain
accountability and transparency into them. Smart systems can be employed to maintain transparency
3)Greater power to lower tiers: The third tier of the government i.e. Panchayats and Municipalities
needs to be strengthened through appropriate financial mechanisms and enforcement powers so that
objectives of different policies can be reaped
4)Increased interaction with citizens: Political leaders need to increase the level of interaction with the
population of their surrounding areas so as to get a better understanding of their needs. Mohalla
Sabhas is a good initiative in this direction
5)Restructuring roles: Multiple controls over single programs or policies needs to be removed. E.g.
National Optic Fiber Network is currently being monitored by ministries of telecom, power and
railways
6)Removing ad-hocism: Proper rules and regulation or even institutions may be established to remove
ad-hocism and ensure predictability on government policies e.g. cancellation of future and forward
trading on commodity markets should be checked
7)Improving decision making: Decision-making has wide ranging impacts and Big Data systems may
be adopted to yield better results e.g. in recent Pathankot attacks , Para SF commandos despite being
better placed to handle the crisis were not used
Good governance seems to be the panacea of all the current problems existing in socio-economic
framework and thus should be promoted.
International Relations
Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations

Q) In a major bid to facilitate cross-border transportation and trade, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India
and Nepal signed the landmark Motor Vehicle Agreement in June 2015. Is this agreement
capable of unlocking the huge trade potential of these countries and deepening regional
integration in a region known to be the least integrated in the world? Examine. (200 Words)
EPW
Patience
The North Eastern part of India has an estimated 100 billion $ cross border trade potential. Yet it is
one of the least integrated regions. The Motor Vehicle Agreement (MVA) signed between India,
Bhutan, Nepal and Bangladesh is a much needed step in this regard. It can have following positive
outcomes:
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
1. The agreement will reduce costly and time-consuming unloading and loading of people and goods at
the border crossing
points making cross-border trade more efficient.
2. With further confidence building, it may became an Economic Union as seen in Europe
3. It will give boost to tourism and people to people contact in a region which boasts of 2 Biodiversity
Hotspots, The Great Himalayas and the Sunderban Mangroves to name a few
4. It would provide India with an alternate and more convenient route via Bangladesh to North East
and further to Myanmar
5. Its success can be a push for the implementation of the BCIM and Mekong Ganga Project in the East
and a similar agreement with Pakistan and Afghanistan in the West.
Beyond the obvious benefits, the success and utility of this MVA would act as a shot in the arm of the
dwindling SAARC grouping. It further gives a chance to India to justify its big-brotherly tag.
Q) Discuss how can India and China play a constructive role in rebuilding Afghanistan
politically and economically. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Mrinal Mukherjee
The two mammoth South Asian nations India and China can play a critical role in rebuilding
Afghanistan , a nation which has always succumbed to the terror cloud and has seen little development
in the past .
Role of India :
Extend its Look West policy t0 Afghanistan by providing duty free exports and cut red tape.
Granting VISA on arrival to Afghanistan will be a win win for both the countries thereby
strengthening their bilateral ties
India, which has the second largest army base in the world and the largest peacekeepers can play a
vital role in ousting the Talibanis
Much like the admission of Afghanistan in ASEAN , India can work relentlessly in garnering support
for Afghanistan's entry to the AIIB and SCO
The development of the Chabhar port in Iran will serve as a hub for the transportation of transit
goods
Construction of new parliamentary complex for the Afghan govt is being totally born by India
Inflow of FOREX in Afghan coffers from India in the TAPI project
Role of China :
Rolling of the benefits of CPEC to Afghanistan
Extending Beijings new Silk Route Initiative under OBOR to Afghanistan can augment trade in the
region
Once a member of the AIIB , China can play a significant role in developing Afghanistans
infrastructure
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Development of the oil blocs in the Amu Darya Basin by the China National Petroleum Corporation
Can play a pivotal role in compromising relations between Pakistan and Afghanistan
Q) During last few decades, India has re-engaged Islamabad after previous terrorist attacks
emanating from it with no appreciable gains to show for it. Do you see any flaws in Indias
Pakistan policy? What corrections should India make? Critically discuss. (200 Words)
Livemint
The Hindu
The Indian Express
Business Standard
Pujar
India desires peaceful, cooperative and friendly relations with Pakistan. This requires an environment
free from violence, terrorism and enemy attitude. Which is seems to be difficult by observing current
disturbances like terrorist attack and ceasefire violations. From the history we can infer, whenever both
countries initiate peace talk or cooperation policy , it will followed by terrorist attack or ceasefire
violation at borders. One of the main reason above reason is lack of effective and efficient policy.
Flaws in Indias Pakistan policy
1. Lack of coherence on policy regarding threat information.
2. Lack of provision for supervision of policies.
3. Much policy does not address issue directly like Jammu Kashmir issue.
4. Not involving non-state actors in peace talks or policy making, where most problems created by
Non-State actors. example Indias national security doctrine.
5. NO specific and firm strategy to deal with terrorist threats that are now the prime challenge to the
state.
6. No command and control structures for meeting eventualities such as terror strikes. Most damage
created by delayed response.
7. Many peace talks and policies are orally done, less written, not binding and less monitored.
Some suggestion for Correction to policy
1. Provision for People to people contacts, which may lead to change the enemy mindset from both
side.
2. Involvement of non-state actors, who can mitigate and reduce enemy attitude among terrorist and
other problem creators.
3. Every peace talk and policy should be written, made mandatory to follow.
4. Involving international institutions for monitoring policy implementation.
5. More provison for cohesive command and control structure for agencies that are to provide security
cover and neutralise
terrorist threats.
As Abraham Lincoln said I destroy enemy,when I make them friends. India should move forward in
making friendly relation by overcoming flaws in policies and strategies.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) It is said that the current state system in the Indian sub-continent is not cast in stone and there
are many forces reshaping the subcontinents economic and political architecture towards
regional integration. Do you agree with this view? Critically examine. (200 Words)
The Indian Express
Scorpion
Economic, Cultural and Political Development are the dynamic process and thy keep on evolving with
time, however in the past few decades economic and political integration amongst the countries in
Indian subcontinent is more explicitly visible.
1. Political: Regional Cooperation through SAARC and BIMSTEC allows the countries to come to
common consensus more frequently
2. Economic: South Asian FTA and SAARC to integrate economic ties, TAPI pipeline, BCIM Corridor
allows NE India to have access to Chittagong Port
3. People to People : P2P contact leads to better integration of regional ties, recent India-MyanmarThaliand corridor connect three countries though highway.
4. Strategic & Military: Indian Naval Base at Maldives, India-SL Nuclear Deal, allows for securing the
region.
However there are challenges that need to be looked upon:
1. Barrier to Trade: Tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers have also played their role in keeping the
level of integration low. Pakistan has not extended MFN status to India and so many items have been
put under the negative list.
2. China Issue: CPEC, closer ties to China with SL, along with its ambitious project like Cilk Route
arouses concern for India in strategic and Political domain.
3. Business Environment: Though India Ranking on Ease of Doing Business have bettered, but lack of
transparency, failure to ensure single window clearance and lack of Infrastructure have inhibited the
growth potenital as compared to the demographic advantage it possess.
4. Terrorism: A global concern, has led the countries to spend more to security of the region and at
times dilutes the talks between the nations (such as India-Pakistan).
Q) In recent years, Pakistan has tried to deal with terrorists, especially with Pakistan Taliban,
more sternly. Yet, terrorist attacks on its cities havent come down. What are the reasons for
this? Examine the implications of further inaction by Pakistan on regional security. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Born for ias
Although Pakistan delievered stern and belligerent response to massacre involving terrorist activity in
peshawar millatary school, yet lack of comprehensive anti-terorist strategy witnessed terrorist attack
on another educational institution.
Various factors have been responsible for faliure of pakistan in this respect-it has dealt with countering terrorist infrastructure rather than its policy.
-it failed to counter radicalisation of youth
-lack of multi-pronged strategy such as attacking their financial base and cyber netwrk.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
-time and again army's encouragement to haqqani network, afghani taliban and other anti-india
terrorist factions.
Implications shall be-it might further dilute international cooperation and trust with pakistan in its anti-terrorist stand
-weaken projects like TAPI thus putting energy interests at stake
-encourage militancy in afghanistan.
- add to further complications to kashmir issue.
-weaken democratic governance system in pakistan
Thus, it is high time that pakistan evolve holistic action plan on terrorism by shedding of its dubious
stand,fostering institutional coordination with India to prevent massacre of innocent civilians on both
the sides and thereby ensure stabilised and secured region.
Q) India recently welcomed the first round of amendments of the new Nepal Constitution.
Examine these amendments and discuss what they mean to Indias relationship with Nepal. (200
Words)
The Hindu
47
The following amendments have been made to the Nepalese constitution:

1. Amendment of Article 42:
The marginalised communities of Nepal would have the right to employment in state structures and
public service on the basis of the principle of proportional inclusion. The previous version of the article
did not include the word 'proportional'.
Article 84 creates a House of Representatives with a strength of 275 members. 165 of the 275 members
would be elected through the first past the post election system from 165 constituencies which are
delineated with population as the first priority and geography as the second priority. The previous
version of the article did not give primacy to population.
The constituency delimitation exercise will be carried out with population as the first priority and
geography as the second priority. The previous version did not give primacy to population.
The new amendments have addressed 2 main demands of the madhesis, proportional representation
and prioritising population while delineating and delimiting electoral constituencies. However, it does
not address their demand of redrawing federal boundaries. The Madhesis are reluctant at the prospect
of being split into two and forced to share their provinces with the hill districts that they fear will
predominate.
These amendments are a step in the right direction as India has always sympathised with the cause of
Madhesis and wanted a more inclusive Nepal. Also, Nepal seemed to move closer to China during
recent times which was a cause of concern. Hopefully, these amendments would bring more trust and
confidence in our relationship with Nepal.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) It is said that India may have to find a way to initiate dialogue not only with the civilian
government of Pakistan but also with the armed forces to establish between two of them and end
terrorism. Were such attempts made previously? Is it possible to make such attempts now?
How? Critically examine. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Michelin
Pakistan has time and again fostered terrorism against India and engaged in proxy wars to destabilize
India. The instability in its democratic structure stems from the fact that its political leadership is
influenced by the military establishment.
Eg: Karachi talks between the PMs of both the countries were derailed due to Kargil war; Lahore talks
were followed by 2001 attacks on Indian Parliament, and more recently, the Pathankhot attacks proved
an impediment to resumption of dialogue between both the countries
In this context, it is important for India to establish a standard doctrine to engage with Pakistan rather
than be guided by the political passions and whims of the political leadership. Talks to engage with
civilian leadership have not necessarily been fruitful. Therefore, dialogue must be initiated with the
military leadership and take both the actors into confidence albeit with the civilian leadership getting
primary recognition. Such attempts were made in the past with the ISI chief and army chief expressing
desire to negotiate with India but in the absence of an effective Pakistan policy, responses from India
were filled with ad hocism and shallow engagement.
South Asian region holds a lot of promise when it comes to its economic potential and the demographic
dividend. Ergo, it should not be squandered by hostilities between India and Pakistan. India must do
everything as an aspiring global leader to ensure diplomacy over war even if it means engaging with
Pakistani army.
Topic: Effect of policies and politics of developed and developing countries on Indias interests,
Q) In your opinion, whose interests will Chinas one belt, one road initiative serve better
Chinas or participating countries? What will India gain from this initiative? Critically examine.
(200 Words)
Livemint
Leiter The Leader
China's "One belt One road" aims to connect middle east, Europe and Africa and Asia through Land
locked central Asian countries and Littoral countries in the Indian ocean and South East Asian
Countries.
Benefits for China:
1.Helps to develop Western and Southern provinces of China through Infrastructure development.
2.Helps to counter USA's Pivot to Asia and TPP.
3.Access to new markets and secure sea lanes of Communication.
4.Helps to assert itself as regional powerhouse.
5.It helps to leverage China's Soft power, projecting China as a benevolent state.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Benefits for other countries:

1.Create much need Infrastructure like road, rail link and port facilities.
2.Helps in improving trade and commerce b/w countries.
3.Increased economic prosperity may stabilize the region.
India's Gain's:
1.Increased connectivity and port facilities will help to further its trade activities Central Asia and
Middle East.
2.Improve India-China relationship further.
However,India has been cautious of China's proposed "One belt One Road",though it appears to be
purely commercial venture,no knows the hidden objects of this project.Moreover,China has not
released full details of how this project will be implemented.Furthermore,increased presence of China
in Indian Ocean will erode India's stature of "Security guaranteer in Indian ocean ".
Hence,India should ask more details about the project from China before taking any decision on this
Project.
Q) A plunge in Chinese stock markets and its weakening economy have affected economies
worldwide. How is India affected and why? Examine. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Business Standard
Sukhwinder Singh
China is World's second largest economy, a slowdown is expected to have negative repercussion in
World economy.
China is largest contributor to world GDP (35%), it is also India's top trading partner. India's is not as
isolated from slowdown in China as our policymakers think.
How China slowdown is bad for India
1. Dumping of steel, tires and electronics from china is bad for Indian companies.
2. Lower demand of our Exports.
3. Iron ore export and Automobile producers will be worse affected. India is China's biggest iron ore
exporter.
How it is good 1. India's stock market can gain from slowdown.
2. Cheaper commodities could help in India's infrastructural need (Smart cities)
3. Oil prices would further see fall with reduce demand from China.
4. Electronics like mobiles will get cheaper.
5. Gold prices will fall with fall in demand from china
what India should do1. increase anti-dumping duty on steel and other commodities.
2. Invest in infrastructure - roads, railways etc
3. Reforms to improve business condition in India
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) The rapid rise in the number of expatriate Indian technologists in USA comes in the decade
when Indiaconcerned about brain-drainhas launched a plethora of schemes to attract
highly-qualified scientists back to India. Why do you think USA continues to attract best brains
from India? Is it a good trend? Critically discuss. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Yani a month ago
Brain Drain(aka Human Capital Flight): Exodus of highly educated and skilled workers from
developing countries to more advanced industrialised nations
Reasons for US attracting India's best brains:
1. High standards of living with high salaries
2. Industrialization: More lucrative job opportunities
3. Escape from extreme terrorism,religious persecution, politucal instability,economic turmoil,civil
conflict
4. Favourable Migration Policy: eg. Labour Mobility Partnership with India
5. Availability of best Infrastructure: equipments and labs required for engineering and scientific
experiments.
6. Low Demographic dividend: high demand for Indian trained youth.
Advantages of this trend:
1. Knowledge flow
2. Global cooperation-better international relation
3.High remittances to sending country(India has largest)
4. Exchange of management experience-dur to international mobility
4. Brain Gain for sending country: if people return they can make significant contributions to India
Disadvantages:
1. Talent loss
-Devastating Technological loss(main requirement for India is Technology)
- Loss of skills,ideas and innovations
- Loss of critical services in Health and Education sectors
2. Economic Loss:
-Loss of Nation's investment in education
-Loss of Nation's tax revenues
3. Social :
-Brain overflow:misuse and downgrading of immigrants in host country
-Regional Inequalities: relatively higher migration from 1 place
-Strain on Families: emotional impact and schooling of children
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
However since last decade(esp. After 2008's global crisis) there has been 'Reverse Brain Drain' and
Govt. is also taking many initiatives to attract the best brains back,some of which are:
1. Ramanujam Fellowship Program: For Indian brilliant scientists and engineers all over world
2. CP-STIO(Collaborative Projects with Scientists and Technologists of Indian Origin Abroad)
3.Senior Research Associates Program(by CSIR)
4. Welcome Trust Fellowship Program,etc.
With reversal of Brain Drain, India will again become a reservoir of Brain, that will be the best Brain
Gain for India.
Q) Recently, economic sanctions against Iran were lifted following IAEAs confirmation of Iran
fulfilling its obligations under an agreement last summer to limit its nuclear programme. What
implications this will have on India? Critically examine. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Business Standard
Business Standard
Business Standard
Sonia mehra
Even during sanctions, India has maintained cordial relation with Iran, with limited economic
engagement. The opening of Iranian economy with lifting of sanctions provides much opportunity and
challenges to India.
Positive Implications
1. Reuction in CAD= Irans reentry into the global oil market, will reduce the oil price and thus
reducing Indias CAD. As per ICAR, a 1$ reduction in oil price will help India save 6500 crore INR.
2. Connectivity= Iran is a key to oil and gas rich central asia and Indias plan to link Afghanistan to sea
through Chahbahar port. This will gain an impetus.
3. Overseas market= for Indian auto-components, machine tools, fertilisers, pharmaceuticals and
capital goods equipment to commodities such as rice and tea
4. Both countries could do away with convulted ruppe payment structure
5. India could again bid for Farzad-B gas field, which ONGC Videsh limited discovered in 2008
6. Finance cost of bilateral trade will reduce with establishment of direct banking relation.
Negative implications
1. Low oil price will affect the economy of Saudi Arabia, which employs the majority of Indian
expatriates to West asia, thus affecting employment of Indians.
2. Payment in dollar may act as a double edged sword
3. Low oil price, will affect profitability of Indias petroleum products.
4. A free Iran, may not be inclined to give three month credit and concessionary price which it used to
provide to India.
Thus opportunity outweigh the challenges with opening of Iranian economy. Now it is upto Indian govt
and Indian business community to make the most out of the cordial relations of the past.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) It is said that persistently low crude oil prices will impact India in several positive ways.
How should India capitalise on persisting low crude oil prices? Comment. (200 Words)
Business Standard
Shiuli
The various advantages which India can accrue of due to falling crude prices can be seen under the
following heads
1. Economic
(i) Reduced import bill may lead to lower fiscal deficit and hence the government should attempt to
achieve its obligations (3% of GDP) under the FRBM Act
(ii) Accelerate the completion of critical infrastructural projects since the energy costs for completing
the project will be significantly lower
2. Strategic
(i) Expedite the building up of Strategic Oil Reserves
(ii) Enter into futures-prices contracts with Oil exporting countries for long durations
3. Social
(i) Deregulate the prices of kerosene and gas to revoke the entrenched subsidy culture
(ii) Use the low gas prices to enhance low-cost fertilizer production which could immensely benefit
farmers
4. Environmental
(i) Low crude prices will ease pressure on coal plants and can be used to modernize coal-plants to
ensure minimum environmental safeguards
(ii) Impose the Special fuel upgradation Cess on petrol and diesel to upgrade Indias oil refineries to
Bharat Stage 4 and 5 as recommended by Saumitra Chaudhri Committee
5. Policy-making
(i) The Integrated Energy Policy 2006 should be restructured to allow considerations of using Strategic
Oil reserves during high-crude price phase
(ii) Expedite domestic oil exploration and non-crude energy development to prevent shocks from
political trouble in West Asia
These measures could allow the government to fully utilize the benefits of low-crude price phase to
allow Indian economy to enter into higher growth trajectories.
Q) The official start of the lifting of crushing Western sanctions on the Iranian economy is
generally said to benefit India. But some commentators argue that it also throws various
challenges to Indias relationship with Iran. Examine. (200 Words)
Livemint
vengeancee
The historic lifting of ban on Iran after decades is expected to have an instrumental effect on Indo-Iran
relations. India has been connected to for more than 4 millenniums & both have been one of the oldest
civilizations the world has ever seen.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
This move can be benificial for India as:

1) Gas swap deal between India, Iran & Turkmenistan.
2) India's large Shia population can become an effective bridge by pursuing Track II doplomacy.
3) Chabahar port will connect India to Afghanistan directly bypassing Pakistan.
4) Progress in Oman-Iran-India pipeline.
The benefits of lifting of sanctions will be manifold, but there are few fears of cautions:
1) Indias negative vote against Iran in IAEA is not a long lost memory.
2) Indias deepening engagement with Israel, Saudi Arabia & other GCC nations.
3) China occupying the position of Irans top trading partner with more than 100 Chinese firms
creating grounds.
4) Pakistans relations with Iran have been thawing due to active involvement like a mediator of
formers efforts in stabilizing Afghanistan.
5) Stiff competition from other Western nations which are technologically much more advanced than
India.
India can take several steps to counter these fears:
1) IPI pipeline should get started.
2) Finalization on South Asia Gas Enterprise (SAGE) pipeline project.
3) Indias presence must be enhanced by Connect Central Asia Policy
Iran has made a new beginning after almost 4 decades, and this is time India needs to prove its
diplomacy & glimpses of being a regional superpower. Iran is the gateway to Central & West Asia &
considering its large oil & gas reserve, it can prove to be a vital partner for India in years to come.
Q) Some argue that the international community and stakeholders including India should make
peace with Taliban that is holding highly objectionable religious and political views. Do you
support this? Shouldnt efforts be aimed at ensuring that the Taliban are defeated, both militarily
and ideologically? Critically comment. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Hangul
The Taliban is a group which demands governance in Afghanistan using violent means. The people of
Afghanistan, USA, Pakistan, and India have been victims of their terrorist activities. However, in the
recently conducted Doha Dialogue by the Pugwash Conferences, Taliban representatives have stated
that they will be willing to give up arms and provide rights to women and children if they are made
partners along with the Afghanistan Government in governing the country. India or any other country
has no claims in the domestic issues of Afghanistan. However, as a regional power and as a victim of
Taliban attacks, it is imperative that India takes part in the developments.
India needs to look at this issue in a statesmen-like manner. Taliban may not have any legitimacy to
govern the area they have committed violence on. Hence, the only remedy could be to curb their
activities and dismantle their organisation. But this has proved to be very difficult. NATO troops led by
the USA were deployed for over a decade in Afghanistan and have failed to eliminate the Talibans. It is
due to this reason that Talibans could be given a seat at the table for negotiations. Their demands need
to be heard and further actions need to be taken. But, preconditions should be set that for such
negotiations to happen, Taliban will completely give up violent means to harm their own countrymen
or people of other countries.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Dealing with terror outfits is not a rare occurrence. India has had talks with various militancy
organisations operating in the North-East to bring peace to the region. One example could be the Bodo
Liberation Tigers surrendering their terrorist activities and forming the Bodo People's Progressive
Front, a political party which takes part in democratic elections. Similarly, Taliban can also be
transformed and when it cannot be eliminated, this is a safer way out to bring in peace in Afghanistan
and its neighbourhood.
Topic: Important International institutions, agencies and fora- their structure, mandate.
Q) Discuss why another multilateral development bank is needed such as the Asian
Infrastructure Investment Bank (AIIB) needed and how the AIIB will be different from the
World Bank or the Asian Development Bank. (200 Words)
Livemint
Surya
Two multilateral development banks have been formed recently. Asian Infrastructure Investment
Bank(AIIB) and New Development Bank(NDB) . The reasons for formation of these, inspite of having
old Bretton Wood Institutes and Japan lead ADB are as follows:
1. Quota rules : In both WB and ADB lending and decisions are based not the quota allocated to the
countries. Quota is allocated based on contributions that county makes.
2. Terms and conditions : Development projects, infrastructures projects sponsored by them comes
with their conditions. Often undermines the sovereignty and economic policies are imposed.
3. Vested interested : Loans from ADB usually follows, free trade and market access to Japan.
4. Governance : Developed countries have major say in decisions making.
5. Environment aspect and equity : Recent decision of WB to stop funding coal based projects is a
setback for LDCs and developing countries.
6. US influence : US Asia Pivot policy and its growing influence in Indo-Pacific region.
Critics have attributed AIIB formation to Chinese vested interests, It want to project it benevolent
character. It will help China in One Belt One Road project. However, increasing competition among
MDBs is a boon for developing countries to strengthen their infrastructure and economy. More third
world countries could be lifted up. India did a right move by joining AIIB and thus made a neutralising
move.
Q) Write a note on the Zika virus outbreak, its causes, consequences and the role of international
agencies in dealing with this outbreak. (200 Words)
The Indian Express
Mr.DESIRE
Zika Virus is a mosquitoes borne virus & it gets its name from zika forest in uganda of africa where it
was first identified in rhesus monkey in 1947.
1) Recently,it is widespread in American areas especially in Brazil, Colombia, Guatemala, Mexico,
Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico & Venezuela etc.
2) Denmark and Switzerland also on 2016 joined a growing number of European countries to report
Zika infections among travellers returning from Latin America.
3) The virus is transmitted by the Aedes aegypti mosquito which is also responsible for the spread of
dengue and chikungunya. Zika virus spread to pakistan,malayasia,indonesia in 1970's and micronesia
in 2007 then to french polynesia in 2013 to recent alarming rate in brazil & america.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Causes of Zika Virus outbreak:

1. It is primarily transmitted through the bite of infected Aedes aegypti mosquitoes.
2. No vaccine for prevention thus leading to spread the virus .
3. It can also be transmitted from a pregnant mother to her baby during pregnancy or around the time
of birth.
4. Blood transfusion & sexual transmission are some other major causes to spread of zika virus.
Conseuence of Zika virus:The Main host are monkeys and humans.
1. The main consequence of it is Microcephaly which means abnormal smallness of head with
incomplete brain development especially among babies born with microcephaly. This case is recently
found in brazil.
2. Zika fever mainly among adults.
3. Spreading fast across world mainly in south and north america for ex about 150 cases in 2013 in
brazil to more than 2500 in 2015.
4. zika virus causes such as joint pain red eye/conjectivities,rash & Other include headache, pain
behind the eyes and vomiting.
Role of international agency:
There is no vaccine to prevent zika virus but can be managed and protected from it.
1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention in the United States have issued travel advisories,
warning people to protect themselves from mosquito bites. Symptoms treated with patients being put
on bed rest, increasing fluid intake and having fever medication.
2. National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases began to develop vaccine to deal zika virus
outbreak.
3. World Health Organization warned that the virus is likely to spread to nearly all countries of the
Americas & recommended that its member states establish & maintain the capacity to detect and
confirm Zika virus cases and to prepare health facilities.
The spread of the virus has prompted governments across the world to advise people particularly
pregnant women against going to the areas where it has been detected and Health safety NGO's &
societies across world should create awareness to prevent zika virus.
Topic: Bilateral, regional and global groupings and agreements involving India and/or
affecting Indias interests
Q) Critically discuss the role of business and businessmen in improving relations between India
and other countries. (200 Words)
The Hindu
raman
From Harappans to East India Company to present, business and trade has played a crucial role in
international relations. For India, it has played :
Positive roles like
1 IT services like google, facebook, Infosys, Wipro, Skype, amazon etc have engaged people to people
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
interactions with countries like US, Europe etc

2 Businessmen have served as diplomats and ambassadors like Tatas, Ambanis, Birlas in Asean,
African and European nations
3 Trade opportunities have triggered greater emphasis on relations as India is presently trying to woo
central Asian countries, Africa SAARC and East asia.
4 organisations like World Economic Forum have brought India closer to other nations as well
However
1 Trade with China has not helped border disputes while despite low business engagement with
russians, it has not affected relations.
2 Tax disputes, disasters like Bhopal gas tragedy, unaccountability, accusations of stealing jobs etc has
strained many channels
3 Despite common interests and bonhomie, engagements with South America is poor.
Therefore business plays a significant role in India's foreign policy and overall has helped further its
diplomacy.
Q) It is argued that in recent years India has shifted from non-alignment to multi-alignment.
Discuss the reasons for this shift and its benefit for India. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Night Fury
Reasons for shift of Indias policy from Non-Aligned to Multi Aligned

1) Changing Global scenario from Unipolar to a Multi-Polar world with rising Asian economies (End of
Cold War age)
2) Indias growing needs for Infrastructure and Energy requirements.
3) Need for upgradation of Indias Defense technology to protect border from hostile neighbors
4) Rising global terrorism threat to Indias national security.
India changed foreign policy is reflected by :
1) Indo-USA Partnership on High Technology under Defence Technology and Trade Agreement
2) Indian Russia Nuclear,Space, Energy and Defence Cooperation
3) Indo Japan Nuclear, Defence, Technology and Foreign Policy collaboration
Benefits for India:
1) Boost to Indias growth, attracting FDI , boost to India's Make in India Initiative
2) Creation of employment opportunities and tapping Indias huge demographic Dividend
3) Infrastructure boost. Recent Indo-Japan agreement on high speed train.
4) India's strategic Interests in Indian-Ocean region and Maritime Security.
5) Indias bid for Permanent Membership in UNSC will be strengthened.
India's current foreign policy, Act east link west, Project Mausam, Indian Ocean overreach,
Neighbourhood First policy, SCO, BRICS etc. are steps in right direction which will be beneficial for
India.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) It is argued that India should exit BRICS as it has nothing to gain from the forum. Do you
agree? Examine why such argument is made and justify your stance. (200 Words)
Livemint
cosviny
In increasingly multipolar world of 21st century , The multilateralism is at high but its tangible benefits
are far fetched in many cases. Similar is happening with forum like BRICS which ready to participate in
8th summit going to be held in New Delhi this year. The relevancy of BRICS for India seems diluted
due to following reasons:1. The 7th meeting was a combined meeting of BRICS-SCO-EEU, such a joint agenda undermine the
particular forum.
2. Russia and china are now quite different economies in interest and order than other Emerging
economies like India. Asymmetries prevail in terms of global power capabilities.The India-China huge
bilateral trade, AIIB and chin's OBOR project undermines ADB and multilateral engagement of BRICS.
3. India is already willingfull to engage with Russia at EEU and with China in SCO. The RIC forum is
already under evolution and can be given emphasis to target specific issues.
4. The BRICS lacks IBSA's diverse development prog regarding LDC's and support to NAM.
5. India is already a member of so many multilateral forums like ASEM, BIMSTEC, IOR-ARC,G-8+O5, G-20, IBSA etc.
6. The Brazil is in deep economic crisis,China is facing economic slowdown and Russian economy is
battered by collapse of oil prices. In such scenario multilateral forum like BRICS has less relevancy
except to learn for correctives to become resilient to future economic shocks. India is bit more inclined
to counter forces like US, and Japan.
But on the other hand :1. BRICS declarations are more concise and self-disciplined like demand of redrafting of SDR and
reform of Global governance.
2. BRICS is alone counterweight to US influence.
Thus for democratization of international economic relations BRICS is significant. For India,
cooperation with BRICS is more important in addressing food secuirty, energy security
issues,combating terrorism. China would help in building Infrastructure, Russia to ensure oil supply ,
Brazil and South Africa as case studies for economic policy correctives and cooperation for mobilizing
developing world at various forum of WB, IMF, UNSC, SDG's & UNFCCC and other.
Q) Panchsheel was promoted by China and India as an instrument for advancing their
respective national interests in the mid-1950s. Discuss. (200 Words)
EPW
BigB@ng
The Five Principle of Peaceful Co-existence, known as Panchasheel in India, are series of principles for
relationship between India-China.Five principles of Panchasheel are as 1. Mutual Respect for Sovereign & territorial integrity
2. Mutual non-aggression
3. Mutual non-interference in internal affairs
4. Equality & cooperation for mutual benefits
5. Peaceful co-existence
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
This Panchasheel treaty was signed in 1954 between both countries helps for advancing their respective
national interest during early cold war era
Panchasheel for India:
1) Peaceful co-existence between India-china helps to improve mutual trust
2) Minimises danger of Chinas aggressive policy in South Asia
3) Ensures stability in Indias internal affairs reducing support of China to Indian communists
4) Most significant was it strengthen non-alignment in South-East Asia after US support to Pakistan
5) Ensures stability in small non-aligned nations by respecting their sovereignty & non-interference
from Communist China,also from US
Panchasheel for China:
1) Significant tool for new diplomatic policy of China in International situation arises after Korean war
2) Ensures safety from Capitalist US by peaceful co-existence treaty between non-aligned states like
Laos, Burma.
3) To weaken US ties in intermediate zones-Asia, Africa and European allies of US by strategy of
peaceful co-existence.
4) Non-interference with India ensures sole control of China over Tibet, minimising critics from Nehru
on International platform.
5) Treaty provide time to focus on internal stability & economical developement thrugh trade to
European countries.
Different approach & perspective towards panchasheel by both countries proved to be instrument for
promoting their self, such that it proved to be basis of non-alignment in 1961 & strengthen it in SouthEast Asia from Indian perspective. Its also important tool for China to framework new diplomatic
policy with help of its peaceful co-existence.
Q) Critically analyse how Indias stand on various issues in WTO has changed since 2001 to
recent negotiations. (200 Words)
The Indian Express
rajan
As a founder member of the WTO, India realises it s potential to expand India's trade and commerce
and attain economic prosperity.
Following stands of India remains unchanged
1. Differntiatinng between developing and developed countries- India and G33s demand has forever
been to provide justice and protection to the developing countries
2. Protection from cheap agricultural imports- India has seeked a protection right from the begining. It
was only recently, in the Nairobi declarations, did India manage to seek WTO
permission to impose Special Safeguard Mechanism (SSM) to protect its farmers
3. Opposition against more concealed developed countries subsidies
4. Allowing permanent exemption from agricultural stocktaking limits in order to help feed the poor
5. As seen in the Nairobi declaration, India still desires to progress on the Doha Round of talks which
began in 2001
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Yet, India's stand seem to have vacillated on certain other issues

1. India today desires lesser tariff protection to help India's exports grow. During the early days, she
wanted more tarriffs to protect the domestic industry
2. Having realised the difficulty of consensus building in WTO, we are gearing more towards Regional
Trade Agreements like RCEP to bypass the WTO deadlock
Change symbolises adjustments with time, and is a regular phenomenon that each institution and
nation shows.
India's behavior is therefore not abnormal
Q) Write a critical note on South China Sea dispute and examine the purpose and consequences
of Indias joint naval exercises with Japan and USA near the South China Sea region. (200
Words)
The Indian Express
Bhagat Singh
South China dispute represents series of disputes originated by China and involves many countries in
Pacific ocean including Taiwan, Malaysia, Bornei, Vietnam, Indonesia and others. China has not only
claimed several disputed islands in this region but have also started building artificial islands to protect
her interests that includes naval and defence bases in disputed islands. Such aggressive territorial
claims have invited criticism from all parts of world including India, Japan, US.
Purpose of India's joint naval exercise with Japan and US (Exercise Malabar)
-> Strengthen navies and protect interests of each other (also involves non permanent members like
Singapore, Australia)
-> Provides strength and sense of security to smaller nations like Vietnam, Cambodia, Philipines who
can't confront China
-> Such exercises can also be seen as warning to China for her territorial claims and in tandem with Act
East policy of India
-> Counter to China's policy of encircling India with nations like Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Pakistan
Consequences of India's joint exercise:
-> Secured allies and instill confidence of smaller countries involved in the region
-> Demonstrates strength of India and discourages China to involve into any type of confrontation
-> Due to such exercises, India has gained trust and trade prospects in the region (Vietnam-ONGV
Videsh oil exploration)
-> Showcase India's capability to protect interests of other nations and instill world peace(claiming
permanent UNSC membership)
However such exercises have confronted China which has often emphasized that bilateral disputes will
be resolved with involved neigbours and third country shouldn't interfere which India should respect
keeping her stands on bilateral disputes involving neigbours Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) Critically analyse Indias deepening strategic relationship with Israel and its benefits for
both the countries. (200 Words)
The Indian Express
Bhagat Singh
Even though historical differences over certain issues including establishment of Israel on religious
lines, India and Israel have maintained cordial relationship ranging from defence, space to even
agriculture.
Engagements and benefits for both Israel and India:
-> Transfer of Technology: India has only handful of nations who are comfortable with transfer of
technology and Israel is one among them (which is necessary for Make in India campaign)
-> Mossad and RAW: Both can work in tandem to overcome rising radicalization in West Asia.
-> Defence & Space cooperation: World knows Israel' technological capability and India can develop low
cost technology. Both the nations together can capture fair share of market (recent jointly developed
Barak missile, RISAT 2)
-> Agriculture, irrigation management, climate change: Israel has already overcome problems of
salinity, climate change, water management which India is facing now with the help of technological
advancements. India can gain such technologies and save her agriculture from current distress
(Recent Olive tree plantation in Rajasthanwith help of Israel is one such example)
-> Entrepreneurship Ecosystem: Both can have level of engagement for entrepreneurship (along Start
up India)
-> Cultural and educational ties: Both the countries enjoy immense people to people
connection (students, residents)
Looking at flip side of Indo-Israel relations:
-> Israel enjoys hostility from major blocs of West Asia (Iran and Saudi Arabia) which is not in India's
interests
-> Relationship with Israel is a matter of regime change in India which has traditionally being more
favorable to Palestine is concern for both the nations (not sustainable relationship)
In addition, India can benefit many inputs from Israel for her Namami Ganga project, high speed rail
etc but India should also keep in mind her traditional partners like Iran, Palestine and have balanced
relationship.
Q) To secure Indias vast and vital interests in the Middle East and to prevent the fires there
enveloping the subcontinent, Delhi needs to liberate its policy from narrow domestic political
considerations, look beyond oil and diaspora, and embark on a substantive strategic engagement
with the region. Discuss. (200 Words)
The Indian Express
rajan
Indian Middle east policy is currently driven mainly by 2 considerations

1. Ensuring sustained supply of oil from Middle east
2. Safety and well beng of the Indian diaspora
However, Indian policy also needs to expand the strategic engagements because
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
1. Protecting Trade route - Major chunk of India's trade passes through the Gulf of Aden, which faces
threats from pirate activities. Pan regional alliance is needed to protect this route
2. China - China is building a naval base in Dijibouti , to increase its hegemony. Strategic partnership is
therefore utmost important to counter this
3. Terrorism - Most of the terrrorist organisation originate in the middle east region. Joint information
sharing, technology cooperation, etc is needed to tackle the menace
4. Similarities - India & Saudi Arabia are the 2 largest defence importers. Co-development of weapons,
sharing of platforms can be used to tide against burgeoning defence costs
5. Cold War - The tensions between Saudi- led Sunni faction and Iran-led Shia faction can potentially
erupt into a world war, which could also engulf India. Therefore, she needs to engage her good
relations with both sides to bring peace.
6. Israel - Israel is fast developing into one of India's most trusted defence partners. Strategic
engagement is required to cement this relation and develop more weapons together like the recently
tested Barak-8 missiles
Moreover, middle east is one of India's largest trade partners. PM's "look west" policy highlights the
growing need for engagement with the region. The more we do, the more secure and prosperous, we all
can be
Q) Briefly examine the aims of the International Solar Alliance (ISA), the International
Renewable Energy Agency, Renewable Energy Policy Network, Renewable Energy and Energy
Efficiency Partnership and Global Green Growth Institute. Also examine Indias role in these
institutions. (200 Words)
Business Standard
Dexter
The International Solar Alliance(ISA) was launched by India on the first day of the recently concluded
COP21 in Paris. The alliance recognizes the need for energy security and aims to launch a common
platform for cooperation among solar rich countries. Using capacity building measures and financial
instruments the ambition of the alliance is to mobilize 1000 Billion dollars of investments by 2030 that
are needed for the massive deployment.
India's Role: India is the founding member along with France and is investing the initial 30 million
dollars to set up the headquarters in India.
International Renewable Energy Agency (IRENA) on the other hand has a wider scope in renewable
energy proliferation. An inter- governmental organization with 175 members, the agency supports and
promotes widespread use of all forms of renewable energy, including bio-energy, geothermal, solar
energy and others.
India's role: India is one of the founders of IRENA and has set up a target of reaching 9% of renewable
energy generation capacity,excluding hydro power by 2018. India chaired the ninth meeting of IRENA
Council.
Renewable Energy Policy Network (REN 21) unlike the above two includes non state actors and is
multi- stakeholder network connecting governments, governments, nongovernmental organisations,
research and academic institutions, international organisations and industry. The agency provides with
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
comprehensive study and status of renewable energy markets and efficiency and case studies of
successful programmes. It expects policy maker to utilize its findings in policy decision making and
hence, it neither forecasts or analyzes.
Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Partnership(REEEP) is a non profit organization similar to
REN21 but with opposite functions. It invests in clean energy market in developing countries based on
funds provided by sovereign nations, multi- network organizations.It monitors the market and
evaluates suitable opportunity for investment and identifies barrier to success.
India's Role: India is a recipient of many REEEP programs focused on providing affordable and
sustainable electricity and many others.
Global Green Growth Institute (GGGI): GGGI is probably the only organization among them all with
an interdisciplinary approach. The organization is focused towards a 'Green Growth' model which aims
to implement strategies to simultaneously achieve, poverty reduction, social inclusion,environment
sustainability and economic growth.
India's Role: Local agencies in India like Energy and Resource Institute, national Institute of Urban
Affairs, Indian Institute of Science and various others are leading the program in India.
Q) Discuss the nature of relation between India and the Arab League and challenges both need
to address together to bring peace in the Arab region. (200 Words)
The Hindu
mahesh
The nature of relationship between League of Arab States(LAS) and India is well understood from the
fact that she is the only country in the world to have observer status in LAS without having a
considerable Arab speaking population.The economic relationship between both are laudable as the
bilateral trade between LAS nations and India stood at around 180 billion usd in 2012-13.India's 60
percent crude oil imports are from Arab countries.LAS peace plans for Syria and Arab Peace Initiative
to settle Israel-Palestine issue were well supported by India in United Nations.India has entered into
military pacts with many LAS nations like Oman,UAE and Qatar and she provides naval training to
these nations. India's bid for permanent membership in UNSC was well supported by LAS.
Challenges for both to bring peace in Arab region
1.Incoherence among Arab nations over strategies to deal with ISIS.One such example is that Egypt's
air strikes against ISIS in Libya was opposed by Qatar.
2.Though article ii of LAS charter says that its purpose is to safeguard their independence and
sovereignty,Qatar and Saudi backs rebel factions in Syria to topple Iran backed Assad government.
3.The suspension of syria from LAS is no longer going to help their joint initiatives against ISIS as
declared in Manama declaration, because major revenue of ISIS is from Syrian oil fields.
4.Saudi-Iran rivalry which reignited after execution of shia cleric nimr al nimr will be a big hurdle.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
5.Arab peace initiative to settle Israel Palestine disputes requires india to play a major role as she is the
only nation to have better relations with Israel and Palestine
There are few concerns between Arab nations and India which needed to be sorted out and that
includes the wage parity of Indian workers with others,human right issues faced by Indians in Arab
counties and high oil premium charges for India compared to the west.India needs 1 trillion
investments in infrastructure by 2020 and Arab countries can play a big role just like what UAE did.If
India and LAS can do well in combating extremism,nuclear disarmament,UNSC reforms,enhancing
peace and security as mentioned in Manama declaration it will be a win win situation for both.
Q) France has emerged, steadily since the 1990s, as Indias most trusted international partner.
But has this goodwill resulted in economic and strategic benefits to India? Critically examine.
(200 Words)
Livemint
The Indian Express
Shiuli
Indo-France relationships have rarely seen conflicts and has been of multi-dimensional character.
Since early 1990s this relationship has grown as can be seen under
1. Techno-economic
(i) Signing of Nuclear Cooperation deal and agreement for building reactors in Jaitapur
(ii) Recent declaration for cooperation in off-shore tax evasion
(iii) Launching of Indian satellites through Ariane space agency of France which Indias current
launcher PSLV is incapable of
2. Strategic
(i) France being a major historic naval player in the IOR, the naval exercises Varuna are significant
(ii) Indias procurement of Mirage aircrafts and the advanced nuclear Scorpene submarine from France
(iii) Support for Indias inclusion in NSG to ensure uninterrupted Uranium supply
However, this relationship has not been able to achieve its full potential due to various structural and
procedural reasons
1. Structural
(i) Indias nuclear liability bill and Arevas financial issues have delayed the Jaitapur plant
(ii) Indias complex business and labour laws which has discouraged French investments
2. Procedural
(i) The agreement over the purchase of Rafale aircrafts has seen numerous alterations, preventing the
deals finalizing
(ii) Low growth in bilateral trade which has rendered the Indo-France relationship primarily based on
geopolitical issues
However, India-France relations have been largely positive and inspite of minor issues, remain the
model for other bilateral realtionships of India.
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
Q) Russia may be Indias oldest and biggest military supplier, the U.S. Indias newest close
defence partner, and China Indias biggest trading partner, but it is France that was Indias first
strategic partner. Elaborate. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Shanks
Indian soldiers fought for freedom of France during World War 1 and France being the oldest
democracy has been an inspiration for the Indian freedom movement where the principles of liberty,
equality and fraternity are enshrined in our constitution.
REASONS:
a. France was the first country which supported for dilution of economic sanction after India's pokhran
nuclear test.
b. Active supporter of India's permanent membership to United Nations Security Council.
c. After India got exemption from Nuclear Supplier Group France was first to conclude the civil nuclear
agreement.
d. Mutual geostrategic interest in West Asia and Indian Ocean enabled France to be the major supplier
of defence equipments like Scorpene submarine and Dassault Mirage fighter jet.
e. Four decades of cooperation between CNES and ISRO in setting up of Sriharihota launch pad
resulted in launch of Indo-French satellites like SARAL.
f. Sophisticated technology transfer like Centuare and Viking rocket engine and joint production is
proposed in Rafale fighter jets.
Continuous time tested cooperation and mutual interests like multi polar world makes France different
from other countries. Moreover emerging convergence on counter terrorism, internet governance and
smart city development can strengthen the strategic partnership to new levels.
Q) Do you think China is better placed than any other power including India in a post-sanctions
Iran? Analyse. (200 Words)
The Hindu
Batman
The lifting of nuclear sanctions on Iran is being seen as an opportunity where China can play greater
role in dealing with Iran than any other country because:
China proposed modification in Arak nuclear reactor of Iran in order to resolve the deadlock between
P5+1 and Iran
China continued to engage with Iran in economic terms despite the sanctions imposed by western
powers e.g. trade in oil, arms, nuclear technology transfer
China has regarded Iran as an important player in One Belt-One Road initiative and there are plan to
construct a railway line to link China and Tehran
India acceded to US and reduced the level of engagement with Iran during the sanction era thus
www.InsightsIAS.com
SECURE 2016
GS II
JANUARY
giving an upper hand to China in dealing with Iran

Chinas image in Middle East is quite clean with no history of misadventures unlike US and Russia
However, there are certain counters to this argument Post-sanctions Iran is free to negotiate with any country according to the cost-benefit ratio of every
deal and thus can engage with any country
European companies are also keen to do business with Iran that can sideline China
Thus, it can be said that even though China stood along with Iran during the tough time, a free Iran
may decide the priorities on its own and actual events will unfold with progress of time.
www.InsightsIAS.com

GS Ii

Hochgeladen von

Dokumentinformationen

Originaltitel

Copyright

Verfügbare Formate

Dieses Dokument teilen

Dokument teilen oder einbetten

Freigabeoptionen

Stufen Sie dieses Dokument als nützlich ein?

Sind diese Inhalte unangemessen?

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

GS Ii

Hochgeladen von

Copyright:

Verfügbare Formate

SECURE 2016

Topic: Indian Constitution-features ..................................................................................................... 6

Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations ...................................................................................... 41

Polity & Governance

The Indian Express

there will be regular arrests even for criticizing government

Q) In India a religious minority is debarred from establishing a university inasmuch as a

Topic: Constitution features; Devolution; RPA

Topic: Powers, functions and responsibilities of various Constitutional Bodies.

The Indian Express

Topic: Functioning of the Judiciary

Topic: Parliament and State Legislatures structure, functioning, conduct of business,

The Indian Express

Q) Discuss various situations in which proclamation of Presidents Rule is made, the

1) Greater participation of States in deciding upon resource utilisation

Topic: Statutory, regulatory and various quasi-judicial bodies; Dispute redressal

4) better implementation of POSCO ACT.

Already existing Similar schemes were:

electricity or clean water.

4.The scheme covers localized calamities:

Some institutions/policies framed to address climate change in India have been:

Topic: Issues relating to development and management of Social Sector/Services relating

2. Janani Suraksha Yojana and Janani Shishu Suraksha Yojana

Topic: Role of civil services in democracy

Topic: Transparency & accountability and institutional and other measures.

The Indian Express

Topic: Important aspects of governance,

Topic: India and its neighborhood- relations

The following amendments have been made to the Nepalese constitution:

Benefits for other countries:

This move can be benificial for India as:

Causes of Zika Virus outbreak:

interactions with countries like US, Europe etc

Reasons for shift of Indias policy from Non-Aligned to Multi Aligned

Yet, India's stand seem to have vacillated on certain other issues

Indian Middle east policy is currently driven mainly by 2 considerations

giving an upper hand to China in dealing with Iran

Das könnte Ihnen auch gefallen