EMM 3108

Strength of Materials 1
Chap. 5b: Deflection of Beams
By: Dr. Che Nor Aiza Jaafar

Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering Department

Engineering Faculty
University Putra Malaysia (UPM)

Contents Review
Chapter 5b: Deflection of Beams
What you will learn?
Displacement of bending beam (deflection): Elastic
curve, moment curvature Relationship, slope and
displacement by integration, boundary and
continuity conditions, method of superposition.

Bending of symmetrical beams

BEAM: long structural member which are designed to support loading
applied perpendicular to their axis.

ELASTIC CURVE

The deflection diagram of the longitudinal axis that passes

through the centroid of each cross-sectional area of the
beam is called the elastic curve, which is characterized by
the deflection and slope along the curve.
2 Typical examples of the elastic curves for loaded beam.

The Elastic Curve

For elastic curve, positive internal moment tends to bend the beam

concave upward, and vice versa.

There must be an inflection point at point C, where the curve
changes from concave up to concave down, since this is a point of
zero moment.

Chapter 12: Deflection of Beams and Shafts

Mechanics of Material 7th Edition
2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

The Elastic Curve

Moment-Curvature Relationship
Due to loading, deformation of the beam is caused by both

the internal shear force and bending moment.

If material is homogeneous and behaves in a linear-elastic
manner, Hookes law applies thus,

EI

= radius of curvature at a specific point

M = internal moment in the beam at the point
E = materials modulus of elasticity
I = beams moment of inertia computed about the neutral axis
EI = flexural rigidity

Chapter 12: Deflection of Beams and Shafts

Mechanics of Material 7th Edition
2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

Deflection of beams
During our previous studies of beam loaded, we assume that the
beam and shaft are not deflect (shape does not change and the
shape remains the same ever under the loading given.
However in reality, there will be occasion when the load will make
those beam and shaft deflect.

The beam and shaft will change in shape and a maximum

deflection will occur at certain point or position.
There are THREE techniques that could be employed to find the
shape of this deflection as well as the maximum deflection and its
position.
a) Slope and displacement by Integration Technique
b) Method of superposition
c) Slope and displacement moment area method.

Slope and Displacement

by Integration
For most problems the flexural rigidity will be

constant along the length of the beam.

The slope and displacement relationship of the beam
is:

Each integration is used to solve for all the constants

to obtain a unique solution for a particular problem.

Chapter 12: Deflection of Beams and Shafts

Mechanics of Material 7th Edition
2008 Pearson Education South Asia Pte Ltd

SLOPE AND DISPLACEMENT

BY INTEGRATION
Sign convention:

Positive load acts upward on the beam.

Positive deflection, upward as a result positive slope angle, will be
measured anticlockwise from the x axis when x positive to the right.
We know that tan = d/dx
When tan is very small, therefore = d/dx and in radian unit.

SLOPE AND DISPLACEMENT

BY INTEGRATION (conti)

Boundary and Continuity Conditions

The constants of integration are determined by
evaluating the functions for shear, moment, slope, or
displacement.
These values are called boundary conditions.

EXAMPLE 1

(12.1)

The cantilevered beam shown in Figure (a) below is

subjected to a vertical load P at its end. Determine the
equation of the elastic curve. EI is constant.

Method of Superposition

The differential equation

satisfies the two
necessary requirements for applying the principle of
superposition.
a) Load is linearly related to the deflection.
b) Load is assumed not to change suddenly.

Using tabulated results from Appendix C (Hibbeler, 8 Edition, page

808), we are able to find the slope and deflections at a point
on a beam subjected to loadings.

Example 2
Determine the displacement at point C and the slope at the support A of
the beam. EI is constant.

Solution:
The loading can be separated into two component parts.
The displacement at C and slope at A are found using the table Appendix C, page 808.

Determine the displacement at point C and the slope at the support A of the beam. EI is
constant.
The loading can be separated into two component parts.

The displacement at C and slope at A are found using the

table,
-

For the 8-kN concentrated force:

Total displacement at C and the slope at A are:

TERIMA KASIH