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125
Iran-Iraq War
100
75
Low spare
capacity
U.S. spare
capacity
exhausted
9-11 attacks
Saudis abandon
swing producer role
Asian financial crisis
50
25
Iranian
revolution
Arab Oil Embargo
0
1970
1975
1980
1985
1990
1995
2000
2005
2010
2015
WTI
Brent
Mars
Tapis
Dubai
0
Jan '12
Jul '12
forecast year:
Jan '13
2012
Jul '13
2013
Jan '14
2014
Jul '14
2015
Jan '15
Jul '15
2016
Note: Starting in January of each year, each line shows the expected forecast of GDP growth for the specified calendar year, which tends
to move toward the actual realized growth outcome as the year progresses. Expectations continue to evolve into the next calendar year as
revised GDP data become available (e.g., 2008 GDP expectations are revised even during 2009).
150
100
50
-2
-4
-6
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016
Rising oil prices held down global oil consumption growth from
2005-2008, despite high economic growth
2011
2012
forecast year:
2013
2012
2013
2014
2014
2015
2015
2016
10
2.5
100
80
1.5
60
40
0.5
20
-0.5
-20
-1
-40
-1.5
-60
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
11
0
Jan '11
Jul '11
Jan '12
Jul '12
Jan '13
Jul '13
Jan '14
Jul '14
Jan '15
Jul '15
12
13
The years 2003-2008 experienced periods of very strong economic and oil
demand growth, slow supply growth and tight spare capacity
14
250
25
200
20
150
15
100
10
50
-50
-5
-100
-10
-150
-15
-200
-20
2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
15
Open interest in crude oil futures grew over the last decade as
more participants entered the market
number of contracts (thousands)
2,000
1,800
1,600
1,400
1,200
1,000
800
600
400
200
0
2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015
Source: Bloomberg
16
2009
2010
producers/merchants long
2011
2012
2013
producers/merchants short
2014
2015
producers/merchants net
17
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
18
Zinc: 2.4 %
Silver: 4.3 %
Aluminum: 4.6 %
Natural Gas: 8.7 %
Copper: 7.5 %
Gasoline: 3.7 %
Gold: 11.9 %
Cotton: 1.5 %
Corn: 7.2 %
Coffee: 2.2 %
Soy Meal: 2.7 %
Soybeans: 5.7 %
Wheat: 4.5 %
Source: Bloomberg
19
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
20
Date
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
Natural Gas 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 # 0 0 0
2015
000 0
0 0# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1# 0 1 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0#
0 0
Copper
# 0# 0 0 0 0 0# 0 0# 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 0 1 0 1 1 1 1 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0
0 100 0
Silver
0 0# 0 0 0 0# 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0#
0 000 0
Soy
# 0# 0# 0# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0# 0 0# 0
000 0
Corn
# 0## 0 0 0# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0# 0 0 1 0 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0# 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0# 0# 0 0
000 0
Wheat
0 0# 0 0 0 0# 0 0 0 0# 0 0 0 1## 0 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0##### 0
Gold
0 0
00 0
< -0.65
-0.65 to -0.4 -0.4 to -0.25 -0.25 to 0.25 0.25 to 0.4 0.4 to 0.65
> 0.65
Negative correlation
Positive correlation
Note: Correlations computed quarterly
21
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
S & P 500
#### 0 0### 0# 0 0 0# 0 0 0 0# 0# 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 1 1 1# 1 1 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
U.S. Dollar
# # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0 # # 0 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0 # # # -0 # -0 # 0
U.S. Bonds
0 0 0 0 # 0 0 0 # 0 0 # 0 0 # # # 0 # 0 # 0 # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # # 0 # # 0 # -0 # #
< -0.65
-0.65 to -0.4 -0.4 to -0.25 -0.25 to 0.25 0.25 to 0.4 0.4 to 0.65
> 0.65
Negative correlation
Positive correlation
Note: Correlations computed quarterly
22
23