Beruflich Dokumente
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Equivalent Fractions
Equivalent fractions are fractions that name the same amount. To find equivalent
fractions, multiply or divide the numerator and denominator by the same non-zero
number.
For example:
Numerator and denominator multiplying by a factor of 2 and dividing by a factor of 6
18 18 2 18 18 6
24 24 2 24 24 6
36 3
48 4
18 36 3
Equivalent fractions
24 48 4
Improper Fraction:
In an improper fraction, the numerator is greater than the denominator.
Example:
71
5
Mixed fraction:
A mixed fraction has a whole number part and a fraction part.
Example:
4
1
9
71
= 71 5
5
1
= 14
5
Convert mixed fraction to improper fraction, can be done by multiplying and adding.
4 1 9 9 13
1
9 9 4 13 9
Adding Fractions
2 1 2( 4) 1(5)
5 4 5 (4) 4 (5)
1. Find the lowest common multiple of denominators.
2. Multiply numerator and denominator of each
8 5
fraction by a factor to make the common multiple.
20 20
3. Add numerators.
4. Reduce the answer to its lowest term where
13
necessary.
20
9 3 9 3
12 2 12 2
10 4 10 4
9 3
14 1. Add whole numbers.
10 4 2. Find the lowest common multiple of
denominators.
9 (2) 3 (5) 3. Multiply numerator and denominator of each
14
10 (2) 4 (5) fraction by a factor to make the common
multiple.
18 15 4. Add numerator.
14 5. Write improper fraction as mixed fractions
20 20
and add to the whole numbers.
33 6. Reduce to the answer to its lowest terms
14 where necessary.
20
13
14 1
20
13
15
20
Subtracting Fractions
8 1 8( 2) 2 (5)
1. Find the lowest common multiple of denominators.
10 4 10 (2) 4 (5)
2. Multiply numerator and denominator of each
16 10
fraction by a factor to make the common multiple.
20 20
3. Subtract numerators.
16 (4) 4. Reduce the answer to its lowest term where
20 (4) necessary.
4
5
2 2 2 2
41 20 41 20
8 3 8 3
2 (3) 2 (8)
21
8 (3) 3 (8)
6 16
21 1. Subtract whole numbers.
24 24
2. Find the lowest common multiple of
denominators.
6 16
20 1 3. Multiply numerator and denominator of each
24 24 fraction by a factor to make the common multiple.
4. Borrow a whole number by re-writing the whole
24 6 16
20 number into a fraction with the same
24 24 24 denominator.
5. Subtract numerators.
30 16 6. Reduce the answer to its lowest term where
20
24 24 necessary.
14
20
24
14 ( 2)
20
24 ( 2)
7
20
12
7
20
12
Multiplying Fractions
6 10 6 6 10 2
12 24 12 6 24 2
1. Cancel if possible by dividing numerator and
denominators by the greatest common factor.
1 5 2. Check whether if you could also do cancellation
2 12 “diagonally”.
3. Multiply numerators and denominators
5 respectively.
24 4. Reduce the answer to its lowest term where
necessary.
20 7 20 10 7
21 10 21 10 10
2 15 2
15
5 1 5
15 5 2
1. Re-write whole number as a fraction
1 5 5
(denominator = 1)
3 2 2. Do cancellation where possible.
1 1 3. Multiply numerator and denominators
respectively.
6 4. Reduce the answer to its lowest term where
1 necessary.
6
1 1 16 17
5 2
3 8 3 8
16 8 17
1. Change mixed fractions to improper fractions.
3 8 8
2. Do cancellation if possible.
3. Multiply numerators and denominators
2 17 respectively.
3 1 4. Change the improper fraction into mixed fraction.
34
3
1
11
3
Dividing Fractions
2 7 2 9
3 9 3 7
2 9 3
1. Change the question to multiplication by taking
the reciprocal of the second fraction (ie flip).
3 3 7
2. Do cancellation if possible.
3. Multiply numerator and denominator
2 3
respectively.
1 7
4. Reduce the answer to its lowest term where
necessary.
6
7
3 1 19 101
4 25
4 4 4 4
19 4
4 101
1. Change mixed fractions to improper fractions
2. Change the question to multiplication by taking
19 4 4
reciprocal of the second fraction.
4 4 101
3. Do cancellation if possible.
4. Multiply numerator and denominator respectively.
19 1
5. Reduce the answer to its lowest term where
1 101 necessary.
19
101
Summary
Addition/Subtraction: Make sure denominators are the same before doing the sum.
Multiplication/Division: Cancel the fractions where possible before doing the sum.
Revision Exercise
Equivalent fraction
2 3 1 6 12
1) 2) 3)
3 6 21 18
4 2 6 1 1 3
4) 5) 6)
10 12 33
81 29 64 57 31
1) 2) 3) 4) 5)
4 12 10 7 9
4 3 2 11 4
1) 5 2) 9 3) 3 4) 4 5) 30
7 8 5 12 5
Fractions Operations
7 7 4 2 7 1 7 3 1 2
1) 2) 3) 4) 3 1 5) 6
10 15 5 3 8 4 16 8 20 5
1 3 5 5 3 1 5 1 1 6 2 3 1 1
6) 7) 8) 1 9) 10)
3 4 6 8 4 8 6 3 2 7 7 5 4 7
7 1 5 3 13 6 7 9 2 5
11) 12) 13) 14) 12 6 15) 11 7
12 3 8 6 14 7 12 12 3 9
1 4 1 2 1 4 5 4 2
16) 17) 18) 36 19) 1 20)
3 5 2 3 6 30 6 8 3
3 4 8 2 4 2 1 2 3 1
21) 22) 23) 3 1 24) 2 2 25) 9 5
21 7 11 5 9 4 3 15 7 2