Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
x (t ) A sin(ot )
(Similar for cosine)
x ( t ) A sin( o t )
2/16
x (t ) A sin(ot )
(oT ) (o 0 ) oT
or
oT 2
2
T
2f
4/16
A j (ot )
x (t ) A cos(ot ) e
e j (ot )
2
This comes from Eulers Formula:
Im
e j e j
cos( )
2
e j cos( ) j sin( )
Re
e j
Im
jsin()
e j cos( ) j sin( )
2 cos( )
-jsin()
e j
e j
cos( )
e j
Re
5/16
A j (ot )
x (t ) A cos(ot ) e
e j (ot )
2
Two complex values with
opposite angles
Im
Re
6/16
L = 2H
vR (t ) Ri (t )
di (t )
Ri (t ) x (t )
dt
vL (t ) L
di (t )
dt
A differential equation!
Now since weve written the input as a sum of two things we can use
linearity (aka superposition) and consider each term alone then sum
results.
7/16
di p (t )
dt
Ri p (t ) 3e j /4 e j100 t
Thus we need an i(t) that combines with its derivative to give an exponential
We can guess that i(t) must be a similar exponential: i (t ) A e j p e j100 t
p
di p (t )
dt
j100 Ap e p e j100 t
j 200 Ap e
j p
10 Ap e
j p
Must be Equal!
Ap e
j p
Convert to
Polar!
3e j /4
3e j /4
j 0.73
0.015
e
j n
e j100 t
din (t )
Rin (t ) 3e j /4 e j100 t
dt
din (t )
j100 An e jn e j100 t
dt
An e jn 0.015e j 0.73
Compare
Ap e
j p
0.015e j 0.73
0.030cos(100t 0.73)
9/16
That looked like quite a bit of work where is the advantage of the
complex view??
1. Try re-doing this by directly using the cosine
It can be done but it requires lots of trig identities
2. More importantly this leads to the idea of phasors
We saw that we only need to the positive frequency part
We saw that at some point the exp(j100t) term falls out
So phasors capture both those short-cuts
And we no longer have to directly deal with the Diff. Eq.
x (t ) 6cos(100t / 4)
X 6e j /4
R = 10
L = 2H
Z L jo L j100 2
ZT R Z L 10 j 200
I X / ZT
6e j /4
6e j /4
j 0.73
0.030
e
10 j 200 200.25e j1.52
Ohms Law
Convert to Sinusoid:
i (t ) 0.030cos(100t 0.73)
Same!!!
10/16
3.
11/16
Sensor
Analog
Electronics
x[n]
ADC
Digital Elec.
(Computer)
Optional
DAC
t (sec)
t (sec)
t (sec)
Thus if we
want to be able
to tell these two
apart we need to
sample faster!!
13/16
Let Ts be the time spacing between samples Then Fs = 1/Ts as the sampling
frequency in samples/sec.
Then if we have a CT sinusoid x(t) = cos(2fot) that is sampled we have
x (t ) cos(2 f ot )
Discrete-Time Sinusoid
x[n ] cos(o n )
o 2
fo
Fs
Im
j 8 n
Re
j 8 n
14/16
n=1
n=2
n=3
n=4
Im
Im
Im
Im
Re
o
7
8
9
8
Re
Re
Im
Im
Re
n=1
Re
Re
n=2
Im
Im
Re
n=3
Re
n=4
15/16
Fs
fo
2
o 2
Fs
Fs
16/16