Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Compression
Split Technical Seminar
Tom Birney,
Director of Business Development
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
2012
2012 Valerus.
Valerus. Confidential
Confidential and
and proprietary.
proprietary. All
All rights
rights reserved.
reserved.
COMPLETED PACKAGE
4
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
SKID
5
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
COMPRESSOR FRAME
6
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
7
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
8
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
9
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
PULSATION BOTTLES
10
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
SCRUBBERS
11
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
PROCESS PIPING
12
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
CONTROL PANEL
13
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14
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
FINISHED!
15
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
618 Scope specifically states that 618 does not cover gas engine
drivers.
In summary, applying API-618 to a packaged separable compressor
is contrary to the purpose and intent of API standards and could
result in lack of definition for critical requirements.
Examples:
paragraph 2.1.1 requires a design suitable for expected
uninterrupted operation of at least 3 years.
Examples:
Paragraph 2.6.2.3 states that unless otherwise
specified, each cylinder shall have a replaceable, drytype liner, not contacted by coolant.
The main reason for liners on the longer stroke units is to
provide an economical means for repair.
Examples:
Paragraph 2.6.2.3 continued
Adding a liner to a 15 stroke adds very little clearance but it is a
significant increase on the shorter stroke separable units.
Examples:
Paragraph 2.6.3.2 states air-cooled cylinders shall not
be furnished without the expressed written approval of
the purchaser.
Examples:
Paragraph 2.7.2 requires the purchaser to specify if
valve unloading is required.
The norm for process machines is to use automatic
valve unloaders for both start up unloading and capacity
control.
The norm for separable compressors is to unload for
starting with a bypass and to use speed and recycle for
capacity control.
DISTANCE PIECE
Intermediate packing
with optional purge
High efficiency
oil wiper
Slinger
Ion-Nitrider
Year
1964
2000
Casting
Design
Historical
Algorithms
Computer
Modeled
Casting
Quality
Good
Better
Dimensional
Stability
Movement
Caused Problems
No Movement
Problems
Piston Ring
Material
Metallic or
Hard Non-Metallic
Soft
Non-Metallic
Hardened
Cylinder Bore?
No
Yes
CYLINDERS
Moderate-Speed
Low-Speed
In conclusion:
Specifying API 618 for high speed packaged compressors can add
considerable cost, for limited benefits and may leave important
packaging issues unspecified. It is better to follow the intent of API and
use API 11P / ISO-13631 . If there are specific issues from API 618
that are important to the purchaser they should be addressed
individually.
SPEED
Low-Speed
Moderate-Speed
RPM
200 - 700
700 1200
Stroke
mm (Inch)
229 508
(9 20)
76 - 203
(3 8)
ALLOWABLE SPEEDS
Wear is effected by:
Piston Speed
Piston rings
Wear bands
Packings
Rotating Speed
Valve cyclic (fatigue) life
Forces and moments
created
Operating temperature
2012 Valerus. Confidential and proprietary. All rights reserved.
135 C
(275 F)
SPEED COMPARISON
High Speed
Moderate Speed
Traditional
Slow Speed
Drive Speed
(RPM)
1000 - 1800
700 - 1200
300 - 700
Piston Speed
Lubricated
m/s (ft/min)
4.6 6.1
(900 1200)
2.8 4.4
(560 870)
2.8 4.8
(560 910)
Piston Speed
Non-Lube
m/s (ft/min)
Not Available
2.3 3.8
(450 750)
2.3 3.8
(450 750)
ROTATING SPEED
ROTATING SPEED
Hi Speed
Low Speed
Valve Type
Non-Metallic
Plate, Ring or
Poppet
Non-Metallic
Plate, Ring or
Poppet
Valve Lift
Mm (Inch)
1.5 2.6
(0.06 0.1)
1.5 2.5
(0.06 0.1)
Expected
Valve Life
24 Months
36 Months
Oil sticktion
Liquids
Dirt
PISTON
Moderate Speed
Low Speed
Piston Material
Ductile Iron
Piston Ring +
Separate Wear
Band
Non-Metallic
As Required
Non-Metallic
As Required
Wear Band
Loading
N/mm2 (psi)
0.035
(5)
0.069 (10)
or 0.035 (5)
COMPRESSOR COMPARISON
Natural Gas
Process
CYLINDER
Moderate Speed
Slow Speed
Material
Ductile Iron
Forged Steel
Ductile Iron
Cast Steel
Forged Steel
NACE Option
Yes
Yes
Water Jacket
Not Required
As Required or
As an Option
Cylinder Liner
No
As Required or
As an Option
Surface Hardness
61 Rc
(Nominal)
25 Rc
Typical
YES