Beruflich Dokumente
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1. Convergent (subduction)
2. Divergent (rifts, mid-oceanic ridges)
3. Transform (offset mid-oceanic ridges)
Basin classification
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
Sedimentary basins
Extension
Rift basins develop in continental crust and constitute the incipient
extensional basin type; if the process continues it will ultimately
lead to the development of an ocean basin flanked by passive
margins, alternatively an intracratonic basin will form
Rift basins consist of a graben or half-graben separated from
surrounding horsts by normal faults; they can be filled with both
continental and marine deposits
Intracratonic basins develop when rifting ceases, which leads to
lithospheric cooling due to reduced heat flow; they are commonly
large but not very deep
EaES 350-13
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EaES 350-13
13
B. Divergent margins
1. 2 plates separating
2. uplift = mantle plume
3. extension = rift valley development
1. normal faulting & down dropping
ii. eventually forms ocean basin
Active Rifting
Oceanic Rift
Basin
Passive
Continental
Margin Basin
Properties of crust and upper mantle beneath the Rio Grande. Pure shear model is
probable explanation, with a "taffy-like" thinning of the lower crust and the upper crust
faulting in many places to produce the rift valley. This contrasts to "simple shear"
model wherein a single, large detachment fault controls continental rifting.
Stephen A. Nelson
Intracratonic Basin
Intracratonic Basins
Sedimentary basins
Collision
Forearc basins form between the accretionary prism
and the volcanic arc and subside entirely due to
sediment loading; like trench basins, their fill depends
strongly on whether they are intra-oceanic or proximal to
a continent
Backarc basins are extensional basins that may form
on the overriding plate, behind the volcanic arc
Retroarc foreland basins form as a result of
lithospheric loading behind a mountainous arc under a
compressional regime; they are commonly filled with
continental deposits
EaES 350-13
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ARC Morphology/Terminology
Forearcs
EaES 350-13
57
Wiley.com
II) Geosynclines
Steven Dutch
Steven Dutch
Steven Dutch
Sedimentary basins
Transtension
Strike-slip basins form in transtensional regimes and are usually
relatively small but also deep; they are commonly filled with coarse
facies (e.g., alluvial fans) adjacent to lacustrine or marine deposits
EaES 350-13
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Woods Hole
EaES 350-13
68
12 km
B
Sistem progradasi pengendapan deltaik Lower Kutai Basin (Allen et al., 1998)
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A
A
a.
b.
Distributary Channel pada Model
Pengendapan Coal Swamp
di Delta Plain, Lower Kutai Basin (a)
(Allen et al., 1998) and Sangatta Deltaik (b)
Tipe endapan pembawa batubara:
1. Overbank deposits (coal swamp)
2. Splay deposits
3. Levee deposits
4. Channel deposits
cross section
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76
Levee deposits
Channel deposits
Channel deposits
Channel deposits
Channel deposits
Channel deposits
Sangata Seam
Splay deposits
Channel deposits
Overbank deposits
(swamp)
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