Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Submitted to:
Submitted by:
Harsh Jain
PGDM, Sem- 2
Roll- 5130
Sec- ‘c’
BONAFIDE CERTIFICATE
bonafide work of HARSH JAIN (Regn. No.-5130) who carried out the research under
my supervision. Certified further that to the best of my knowledge the work reported
here in, does not form any part of other thesis or dissertation on the basis of which a
I would like to express my heartfelt thanks to Mr. VIJAY KUMAR GUPTA managing
director and Mr. SUSHEEL KUMAR GUPTA executive director of VIJAY TEXTILE
LIMITED for providing me an opportunity to do the project in their esteemed
organisation.
This project would not have been successfully completed without my faculty Mr. M.
MADANA MOHAN who extended his wholehearted support and encouragement
throughout my project work.
Finally, I would like to thanks my parents and friends who encourage me always and
support throughout the entire project whichever I had done in my life.
CONTENTS
1. ABSTRACT
2. INTRODUCTION
3. COMPANY PROFILE
4. FINANCIAL STATEMENT
5. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
6. OBJECTIVES
7. SCOPE
8. LIMITATIONS
9. DATA ANALYSIS
10. FINDINGS
11. SUGGESTIONS
12. CONCLUSION
13. REFERENCE
ABSTRACT
VIJAY TEXTILE LIMITED is the profitable leading organisation and succeeds over the
Competition in the market.
The study is necessary to look after its financial position with its own figures for the five
years (2005 to 2009) and analyse them for it success. The study insists to identify the
company position and to give suggestion to improve it.
The main objectives of this project work are to find out the comparative balance sheet,
income statement etc.
The analysis is based upon the secondary data and the study period is limited to that
extent. At last, it has been found out that company has good financial position.
INTRODUCTION
In our present day economy, finance is defined as the provision or money at the time
when it is required. Every enterprise, whether big, medium or small, needs finance to
carry on its operation and to achieve its targets. In fact, finance is so indispensable today
it is rightly said that it’s the life-blood of industry. Without adequate finance, no
Since finance is viewed as the most important factor in every enterprise, therefore
the management requires special mention and attention. The conventional approach to
finance function in business highlights the procurement of funds on the most economic
and favourable terms to the concern, but it ignores the efficient and proper use of the
needed for various ventures and project. How much to allocate, when to allocate and
how to allocate the required funds to a particular project deserves special attention in
every concern. The management has to look in to the book and corner of each project,
the amount of funds necessary for them and the source from which to arrange. Financial
The basis for financial planning and analysis is financial information. Financial
information is needed to predict, compare and evaluate the firm’s earning ability. It is
also required to aid in economic decision making investment and financing decision-
possibly because; they are very useful to judge the financial efficiency of the company.
PARTIES INTERESTED IN FINANCIAL STATEMENT
Analysis of financial statements is not only useful to the company but also covers the
MANAGEMENT:
Management is over burdened with the date rather than the information. The analysis
statement gives the information to management in brief and preside manner, with this
information the company can self evaluate their performance and find out any variances
until budgets. So these statements in term helpful for solving any deviations in the
budgets.
SHARE HOLDERS:
Shareholders are the real owners with the help of these statements they can analyses the
POTENTIAL INVESTORS:
The people under this category are very much keen on, these statements for the return in
short term and ratios these statements are very much required for them.
DEBENTURE HOLDERS:
These statements will be helpful for them to analyse how safe their investments. It will
give not only the companies ability, to pay the interest but also to redeem the same.
CREDIT INSTITUTION:
investing. These institutions are very much required of the solvency and potentiality of
CREDITORS:
Creditors are the one, who are inter over with the companies day to day operations. They
too need the ability of the company to discharge their debts by the company. Financial
The profit of the company in term as an effect in the pay structure of the employees.
Bonus generally linked with the profits earned by the company. The financial statement
GOVERNMENT:
statements. In term of the government will be in a position to show the progress of the
nation as a whole.
TAX AUTHORITIES:
Financial statements are very helpful for the income tax and sales tax authorities to
determine revenue receivable from the companies. Financial statements help them a great
deal.
RESEARCHERS:
These are the documents for the future projections. So these are esteem value to scholars
undertaking research business affairs and practices. After duly recognizing the
importance of financial statement analyses, this topic has been those as the focus of
project. It analyses the various facts like ratios, working capital of VIJAY TEXTILE
LIMITED.
COMPANY PROFILE
VTL was incorporated on 02 February 1990 and subsequently converted into a Public
1994.
In fact, the Promoters of the Company chiefly Mr. Vijay Kumar Gupta after inheriting
the family business of over four decades old have been able to transform it in to its
present size and stature. Initially the family firms were in the business of trading in
textiles and they gradually developed in to manufacturing outfit by obtaining the grey &
processing of the fabric. The major activity consisted of purchase of Polyester Yarn from
large Mumbai market, conversion of Yarn into Grey Cloth on job contracts with the
Weaving Contractors at Bhiwandi in Maharashtra and then getting the Grey Cloth
Fabric thus manufactured was marketed under the brand name of “VIJAY” throughout
India.
VTL established its brand name in the major domestic market and created a strong sales
network for its brand of products. With this strong backdrop it then ventured into full-
fledged manufacturing of Processed Textiles by setting up its own facilities in June 1993
and commenced the operations from September 1993 onwards. The Process House of the
The manufacturing facility at Kattedan was in operation up to June 2006, after which it
has converted the premises by using the infrastructure available for its all India
wholesale trade operations, facilitating dispatching of goods to the dealers across the
country.
The new project site was chosen for variety of reasons like proximity to twin cities and
its location along the national highway, whereby all infrastructural facilities are within
easy reach. There are other textile units including a spinning unit coming-up in this belt.
The new unit is conceived to keep pace with technological advancements and with a
commitment to ecology for locating the unit in the back drop of green belt in an
extremely environment friendly ambience. This new facility gives the Company an edge
to expand it manufacturing facilities and add many more value added products. The
Company has also set up additional facilities for production of wider width of cloth at
And bring more value addition to its wide range of exclusive products the company has
also added fully automatic Embroidery Unit within the premises of its manufacturing
The Company has its Corporate Office at Secunderabad and besides it has a very
exclusive factory retail outlet in the sub-ground floor of the same premises with a total
The Company has amended its Memorandum and Articles of Association of the
Company for entering into new line of business i.e. development of infrastructure
projects. The Company has already entered into agreement for its first project “Tech-
Park” which shall be ready for lease to Software/IT Companies in the last quarter of the
financial year 2008 – 2009. The Company hopes to earn a tax free income of about RS.
18.00 crores per annum from this venture alone. The Company shall derive various
Soft ware Technology Parks such as tax free holiday and various other incentives thus
improving its income and profitability to a considerable extent. The Tech-park project is
ACCOUNTING
subsidiary books. These transactions are posted into various ledger accounts and the
balances are taken out at the end of financial period. The aim of maintaining various
records is to determine the profitability of the enterprise from operations of the business
DEFINITION
The definition for financial statement says that “The financial statements provide a
summary of the accounts of a business enterprise, the balance sheet reflecting the assets,
liabilities, and capital as on certain date and the income statement showing the results of
1. Balance sheet.
Balance sheet is the most significant financial statements. It indicates the financial
condition or the state of affairs of a business at a particular moment of the time. More
business entity and about its owner interest in the business at a particular point of time.
Thus, the balance sheet of a firm prepared on 31 December 19XI reveals the firm’s
financial position on this specific date. In the language of accounting, balance sheet
communicates information about assets, liabilities and owners’ equity for a business firm
as on a specific date. It provides a snapshot of the financial position of the firm at the
Balance sheet is considered as a very significant statement by bankers and other lenders
because it indicates the firm’s financial solvency and liquidity, as measured by its
analyst in India have recently started paying more attention to the firm’s earning
capacity as a measure of its financial strength. The earning capacity and potential of a
firm are reflected by its profit and loss account. The profit and loss account is a “score –
board” of the firm’s performance during a period of time. The generally accepted
convention is to show one year’s events in the profit and loss account. Since the profit
and loss account reflects the results of operations for a period of time, it is a flow
statement. In contrast, the balance sheet is a stock or status statement as it shows assets,
net income (or net loss) of a firm. It serves as a measure of the firm’s profitability.
Revenues are amounts which the customers pay to the firm for providing them goods
and services to customers. The cost of the economic resources used to earn revenues
during a period of time are called expenses. Thus, to determine net income (or net loss),
the accounting system matches expenses incurred during the accounting period against
revenues earned during that period. This matching of expenses with revenue is called
matching concept. The time period for which matching is done is called the accounting
period. Normally, the accounting period for the business firm’s is of one year’s duration.
TREND ANALYSIS
importance. Time series or trend analysis of ratio indicates the direction of change. This
kind of analysis is particularly applicable to the items of profit and loss account. It is
advisable that trends of sales and net income may be studied in the light of two factors:
the rate of fixed expansion or secular trend in the growth of the business and the general
price level. It might be found in practice that a number of firms would show a persistent
For trend analysis, the use of index numbers is generally advocated. The procedure
followed is to assign the number 100 to items of the base year and to calculate percentage
changes in each item of other years in relation to the base year. This procedure may be
Gross working capital refers to the firm’s investment in current assets. Current assets
are the assets which can be converted into cash within an accounting year (or operating
cycle) and include cash, short term securities, and debtors, (accounts receivable or book
Net working capital refers to the difference between current assets and current
liabilities. Current liabilities are those claims of outsiders which are expected to mature
for payment within an accounting year and include creditors (accounts payable), bills
payable, and outstanding expenses. Net working capital can be positive or negative. A
positive net working capital will arise when current assets exceed current liabilities. A
negative net working capital occurs when current liabilities are in excess of current
assets.
RATIO ANALYSIS
Ratio analysis is one of the techniques of financial analysis where ratios are used as a
MEANING:
Ratios are expressed in mathematical terms between figures, which are connected with
1. Times
2. Percentage.
CURRENT RATIO:
The ratio of current assets to current liabilities is called current ratio. In order to
measure the short – term liquidity or solvency of a concern, comparison of current assets
and current liabilities is inevitable. Current ratio indicates the ability of a concern to
meet its current obligations as and when they are due for payment.
An ideal current ratio is 2:1.The ratio of 2 is considered as a safe margin of solvency due
to the fact that if the current assets are reduced to halftime. 1 instead of 2 then also the
Quick ratio is calculated by comparing the quick assets which current liabilities. Quick
assets refer to assets which are quickly convertible into cash current assets, other than
stock and prepaid expenses are considered as quick assets. The ideal liquid ratio is
comparison of quick ratio with current ratio shall indicate the inventory holdups.
This ratio is called net profit to sales ratio. It is a measure of management efficiency in
operating the business successfully from the owner’s point of view. It indicates the
return on shareholders investments. Higher the ratio better is the operational efficiency
The net profit ratio margin is indicative of “managements ability to operate the
business with sufficient success not to recover from revenues of the period, the cost of
merchandise, the expenses of operating the business and the cost of the borrowed funds,
but also to leave a margin of reasonable compensation to the owners for providing their
capital at risk”.
The average collection period measures the quality of debtors since it indicates the speed
of their collection. The shorter the average collection, the better the quality of debtors,
365
Assets are used to generate sales. Therefore, a firm should manage its assets efficiently to
maximize sales. Therefore, a firm should manage its assets is called assets turnover.
RESEARCH METHODS
The methodology followed in this study involves techniques of financial analysis such as
comparative balance sheet, comparative income, common size and balance sheet, ratio’s
The study is completely based on secondary date obtained from the VIJAY TEXTILE
LIMITED. The financial statements (annual report) for 2 years from 2007 to 2009 were
collected from the VIJAY TEXTILE LIMITED which is based for the study.
OBJECTIVES
2.To study the changes which take place in the revenue account during the years and their
trends.
3. To study the growth rate which take place with respect to each activity?
4. To analysis the profitability and solvency position of the company for past two years.
7. To highlight the short coming in the area of finance with the of the trend analysis,
compare balance sheet analysis commensurate balance sheet analysis and put for the
recommend action with the view to increasing efficient of the VIJAY TEXTILE
LIMITED.
1. Studying the financial statements analysis needs and its implication for the VIJAY
TEXTILE LIMITED.
3. To study how the short term funds and long term funds generated.
LIMITATIONS
1. Time has been a limiting factor and it has been difficult to analysis the various aspects of
2. Financial statements are only in terms of reports. They are not final because the exact
3. Financial statements are prepared on the basis of certain accounting concepts and
conventions any changes in the method or procedure of accounting limits the utility of
Financial statements.
4. The number of parties interested in the financial statement is large and their interest
differs. The financial statements cannot meet the purpose of parties interested in them.
5. The authenticity of the financial statements has not been checked with the book of
The vertical common size analysis of balance sheet shows that long-term assets remain
with 55%-60% range during last eight years and current assets remain 40%-45%
during that period. The major contributor to long-term assets is plant and equipment
which is about 50% of total asset on average it increased from 2005 to 2009 and after
that it showed a decline due to some financial constraints of the
firm.
The major contributors to short-term assets are stock in trade and trade debt with
share of with average share of 25% and 16% respectively. Trade debt increased with
the passage of time which shows the lacking ability to collect receivable on time. On the
other hand of balance sheet the major there is 70% and 30% share of debt and equity
respectively. The major contributor to debt is current liabilities is which is 40% of total
right hand side of balance sheet on average, and these liabilities have increased at a
steady pace during the last five years. Long-term debt of the confirm contribute 30% on
average to total right hand side of balance sheet and it has increased from 2005 to 2009
and thereafter it drop down significantly due to respective decrease in fix assets during
same period of time. The vertical common size analysis of income statement shows that
cost of goods sold is about 85% of total sales on average which leave 15% gross profit
on average for firm during last five years. Operating expense are about 9% of total sales
and major contributor to operating expense is finance cost which has increased
continuously since 2005 mainly because of increased finance lease of assets. The net
operating profit of company remained on average about 6% during 2005 to 2009 and
after that it decreased to average of 2% for 2007 to 2009, this is mainly because firm is
unable to generate much gross profit because of high cost of production which right
very low margin for operating expense hence lead to low net profit.
RATIO ANALYSIS:
Liquidity ratios
Current ratio of Vijay textile limited show that firm is in week position of pay of its
short term liabilities as the current ratio for industry is higher than the company and
company own ratio is much more less then 1. The average current ratio for industry in
eight year is 0.85 and average Current ratio for the firm is 0.65. Quick ratio describe
the same picture that firm is not a good position to payoff its short-term
liabilities, the average Quick ratio for industry in eight years is 0.47 and for the
company it is 0.34. The cash flow liquidity ratio for the company also show that
company’s cash flow are not enough to meet the liquidity requirement of the firm as the
average CFLR for the industry is 0.27 and for the company it is 0.15. Avg. Collection
Period ratio of the firm show that on average it took company 39 days to collect its
receivables and if we compare it with industry it took 34 days which show that company
is able to collective its receivables in good time.
Payable days show that it took firms on average 33 days to payoff its liabilities and it
took other firms in industry about 35 days to pay their liabilities which show that firm
has enough cash to payoff its liabilities. The major weakness of the VTL is in current
ratio, quick ratio and CFLR, which can be improve by keeping more current assets and
generating positive operating cash flows. Firms average collection period is much longer
than its average payable period so firm should work in this area to decrease average
Collection period in days and negotiate with its suppliers to increase it payable days
which will provide more liquidity to the company.
Efficiency ratio
Year 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
Inventory 4.11 3.19 3.63 3.79 1.23
turnover
Receivable 8.52 8.34 9.42 14.76 7.58
turnover
Payable 17.35 16.85 16.98 7.39 5.99
turnover
Fixed assets 2.14 1.87 1.75 1.23 0.87
turnover
Total assets 1.21 1.02 1.03 0.86 0.50
turnover
Inventory turnover of firm shows that firm is able to convert its inventory into sales on
average 4.1 times a year whereas the industry is converting inventory into sales 5.74
times a year which show that firm is not up the industry benchmark. This is mainly
because firm is not able to make more sells as compare to industry in past five years.
Receivable turnover show that firm on average is able to convert receivables into sales
9.8 times a year whereas industry converts receivables into sales 12.88 times a year.
Payable turnover of the firm shows that firm paid its liabilities on average in 12.8 times
whereas industry is paying its liabilities in 15.38 days which shows firm strength to pay
but underutilization of credit term and payment period.
Solvency ratio
Year 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
Debt ratio 0.66 0.73 0.75 0.76 72.2
Long term 0.94 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.94
debt
capitalisatio
n
Debt to 2.09 2.74 3.00 3.19 4.01
equity
Coverage ratio
Year 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
Interest 1.72 1.90 2.38 2.38 4.27
earned
Cash -0.64 0.59 0.21 -2.52 7.45
coverage
Profitability ratio
Year 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005
G.p. margin 0.13 0.12 0.14 0.16 0.18
Operating 0.26 0.29 0.53 0.65 0.87
profit
margin
Net profit 0.02 0.02 0.04 0.06 0.09
margin
Cash flow 0.12 0.02 -0.05 0.23 -0.20
margin
Return on 0.08 0.07 0.15 0.19 0.14
equity
Return on 0.03 0.02 0.04 0.04 0.04
assets
Cash return 0.14 0.02 -0.05 0.20 -0.10
on assets
EPS 26.96 21.30 41.26 45.86 29.45
Dividend 0.07 0.12 0.06 -0.11 -0.17
payout ratio
Conclusion:
Vijay textile limited is one the major players in the textile industry and most of its financial
indicator shows that the company is very much competitive as compare to industry. VTL can
create a very good place if it focuses on innovation and product differentiation. On the
operational ground VTL should increase the efficiency of it assets and try to control its
expenses especially the cost of Production.
References:
Google.com
Paksearch.com
Wikipedia.com
Scribd.com