Chapter 5 Reading Worksheet

Name __________________________

THIS WORKSHEET SHOULD BE COMPLETED PRIOR TO THE SECOND LECTURE DURING

WEEK 2

1. When carbohydrates are broken down in a cell to release energy, this process is known as
(a) anabolism
(b) catabolism
2. When amino acids are joined during the process of protein synthesis (translation), this type of process is
known as
(a) anabolism
(b) catabolism
2. Protein molecules in a cell that act as tools that speed up chemical reactions without being consumed by
those reactions are ___enzyme__.
3. The names of all enzymes end in -__ase__.
4. What are 4 different factors that can influence enzymatic activity?
a. Temperature
b. pH
c. Substrate concentration
d. Inhibitors
5. The readily available molecule which serves as the energy currency or pocket change of the cell is
_____ATP________.
6. What is the preferred energy (food) molecule that is catabolized to obtain ATP? Carbohydrates
7. What are the three different processes in bacteria that can catabolize glucose and release ATP?
HINT: SEE TABLE 5.5 on p. 132
a. Aerobic Respiration
b. Anaerobic Respiration
c. Fermentation
8. Which of these processes yields the most ATP from a molecule of glucose? Aerobic Respiration
9. Which of these processes yields the least ATP from a molecule of glucose? Fermentation
10. Which of these processes can produce ATP if no O2 is present? Anaerobic Respiration
11. Name the three basic steps (processes) that make up cellular respiration and indicate WHERE each of
these steps occurs in bacteria,
Long 2016
Bio 202

HINT: See Fig 5.12, 5.13, 5.14 or Fig. 5.11 (notice the numbers 1,2,3 in Fig. 5.11)
(1) Glycolysis cytoplasm
(2) Krebs Cycle cytoplasm
(3) Electron Transport Chain plasma membrane
12. In which of the three processes listed above, is the most ATP produced?
Electron Transport Chain
12. How is anaerobic respiration different from aerobic respiration?
The final electron acceptor is an inorganic substance other than oxygen.
13. How is anaerobic respiration different from fermentation?
Fermentation uses an organic molecule synthesized in the cell as the final electron acceptor and does
not require oxygen. It releases energy from sugars or other organic molecules.
14. Why do cells ferment?
To regenerate NAD+ and NADP+.
12. Name several useful fermentation end products and the microorganisms that produce them. (see Fig.
5.18 and Table 5.4)
- Ethanol: Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- Acetic Acid: Acetobacter
- Lactic Acid: Lactobacillus, Streptococcus
- Acetone and Butanol: Clostridium acetobutylicum
- Citric Acid: Aspergillus
13. What other energy (food) sources (other than glucose) can be metabolized to yield ATP? (see Fig. 5.21)
Proteins amino acids, and lipids glycerol and fatty acids.
14. Complete the following table:
Chemoheterotroph

ENERGY SOURCE
Chemical

CARBON SOURCE
Organic Compounds

Chemoautotroph

Chemical

CO2

Photoheterotroph

Light

Organic Compounds

Photoautotroph

Light

CO2

Long 2016
Bio 202

15. Which ONE of the terms in the first column of the table in question 14 best describes the organisms that
live IN and ON our bodies (our normal microbiota as well as the pathogens that cause infections)?
Chemoheterotrophs

Long 2016
Bio 202