Design Background : This spreadsheet focuses on Design Calculation of Outbreathing Flowr

Inlet liquid flowrates are considered and the Tank Air Outbreathing Flowrates are calculated. U
given Cv is selected and the calculated Cv required is compared against it. The ratio of the tw

Process and Physical Parameters

Parameter

Service (Tank)
Fluid (Stored in Tank)s
Service (PCV)
Fluid (Through PCV)
Volume of Tank (Vtk)
Operating Pressure of Tank

Operating Temperature of Tank

Molecular Weight of Gas (For Air, 28.949 g/mol)
Compressibility Factor of Gas (If ideal enter 1)
Standard Density of Gas (For Air, around 1.22 Kg/m3)
Gas Release Pressure Downstream of Outlet PCV

Site Minimum Ambient Temperature

Site Maximum Ambient Temperature

Blanket Gas Flowing Conditions (Inlet to PCV)

Density of Tank Inlet Inert Cushion Gas at Flowing Conditions
Specific Gravity of Gas (Molecular Weight Ratio Based)

Insulation Parameters
Inside Heat Transfer Coefficient (Typically 4 W/m2.K for Tanks) (h)
Wall Thickness of Insulation (Enter 0 if No Insulation) (Lin)
Thermal Conductivity of Insulation (Enter 1 if No Insulation) (in)
Area of Tank Total (Shell and Roof Inclusive) (Atts)
Area of Tank Insulated (Ainp)
Fully Insulated Tank Reduction Factor (Rin)
Actual Insulation Reduction Factor (Rinp or Ri)

Outbreathing Requirements due to Flow

Maximum Rate of Tank Liquid Inflow (Filling) (Vpf)
Outbreathing Inert Gas Outflow (Normal Flow Venting
Requirement) (Vop)

Thermal Outbreathing Requirements

Average Storage Temperature
Range of Storage Temperature
Vapor Pressure of Fluid Stored in Tank
Vapor Pressure of Hexane
Is Vapor Pressure of Fluid considerably Higher than Hexane ?
Latitude of Installation Site
Range of Latitude
C-Factor (As Per API 2000, 7th Edition)

Y-Factor (As Per API 2000, 7th Edition)

Normal Temp
Normal Pressure
Std. Temp
Std. Pressure
Actual Temp.
Actual Pressure
Outbreathing Inert Gas Outflow (Thermal Venting Requirement)
(Vot)

Total Outbreathing Gas Flow Rate Required

Tank Outlet PCV Process Parameters
Inlet Fluid (Inert Gas) Mass Flow Rate
Design Flow Margin (Typically 1.3)
Design Mass Flow Rate (w)
Gas Specific Heat Ratio Cp/Cv (1.4 for Air) (k or )
Ratio of Specific Heats Factor (Fk)
Gas Specific Weight (Mass Density) at Upstream Conditions (1)

Parameters of Selected Valve

Selected Valve End Inside Diameter (d)
Upstream Piping Diameter (D1)
Upstream Pressure Loss Coefficient (Inlet Reducer) (K1)
Upstream Pressure Change (Bernoulli) Coefficient (Inlet Reducer)
(KB1)
Downstream Piping Diameter (D2)
Downstream Pressure Loss Coefficient (Outlet Reducer) (K2)

Downstream Pressure Change (Bernoulli) Coefficient (Outlet

Reducer) (KB2)
Inlet Fitting Head Loss Coefficient (Ki)

Overall Pressure Loss Coefficient (K = K1+K2+KB1-KB2)

Outlet PCV Sizing

\

NOTE : Sizing has been done based on English Units (Psi, Lb/ft3, inch etc.) since Cv is based on those
is the same since the required answers are in Ratios or percentages. Wherever required the conversio

Valve Manufacturer
Valve Model Selected
Selected Valve Rated Maximum (Flow Coefficient) CV1
Selected Valve Rated Pressure Drop Ratio Factor
(From Manufacturer or the Table) (Xt)
Piping Geometry Factor (Fp)
Modified Valve Pressure Drop Ratio Factor (Xtp)
Selected Valve Critical Flow Condition Pressure Drop Ratio Factor
(Xm)
Unit Conversion Constant (N6)
Upstream Gas Pressure (P1)

Downstream Gas Pressure (P2)

Pressure Drop across Valve or Valve Pressure Differential (P1-P2 or

P)

Pressure Drop Ratio Factor (X)

Critical or Sub-Critical Flow ? (Choked or Not Choked)

To help determine Effective Pressure Drop Ratio

Effective Pressure Drop Ratio (X Eff)

Gas Expansion Factor (Y)
Calculated Capacity Factor Required (CV2)
Rated Capacity Factor of Valve (CV1)
Valve Opening Required (CV2/CV1)
Is Valve Selected Suitable ?

Criticality By

General Guideline Checks

1. Is Valve Opening Above 10% ?
1. Is Valve Opening Below 80% ?
2. Is Valve End Size Smaller than or Equal to Line Size ?
3. Is Design Flow Margin atleast 1.3 ?

Conclusions :
a. The Outbreathing Requirements are calculated as per the new API Method as stated in API
There is an alternative method for snall sized tanks that satisfy specific criteria given in Annex
b. In general, Valves can also be allowed to operate under Choked Flow Conditions. If valves o
possible is the rated valve critical pressure drop ratio. In non choked (Non-critical) flows, the p
c. For Valve Openings which are too low, verify the acceptability and whether the valve opens
Generally never select a valve greater than the line size.
d. If the Liquid stored in the Tank is volatile, the outbreathing requirements change, but that h

NOTES

1. General Rule of Thumb = For liquids Velocity should be limited to 50 ft/s or 15 m/s
2. Limit Valve Opening to between 10-80 %

EXPANSION TANK - OUTLET CONTROL VALV

tion of Outbreathing Flowrates for an Expansion Tank and the Sizing of the Outlet PCV based mainly on
Flowrates are calculated. Upon considering these values, a valve is selected and suitability is checked.
ainst it. The ratio of the two gives the valve opening required.

Units

Value
Pump Glycol-Water Recirculation
Storage
Propylene Glycol-Water (50-50 %)
Solution
Cushion Gas Inlet for PCV
Air

m3
psia
psig
kpaa
bara
kg/cm2a
kg/cm2g
oF
oC
g/mol
Kg/m3
psig
psia
kpaa
bara
oF
oC
oF

1.50
11.75
-2.95
81.00
0.81
0.81
-0.22
44.06
6.70
28.949
1.000
1.222
0.00
14.70
101.33
1.01
0.00
-17.78
92.00

oC
oF
oC
Kg/m3
lb/ft3

33.33
44.07
6.70

1.008
0.063
1.000

W/m2.K

4.00

0.00

W/m.K
m2
m2

1.00

1.00

1.00

Am3/hr
USGPM

0.000
0.000

Am3/hr

0.000

oC
oF

6.70
44.06
Below 25 oC

kPa
mmHg
kPa
mmHg

0.000
0.000
0.050
0.375
NO
40.58
Below 42
4.000

0.320
K
kpaa
K
kpaa
K
kpaa

273.15
101.325
288.75
101.325
279.85
81.000

Nm3/hr
Sm3/hr
m3/hr
Kg/hr

0.425
0.449
0.545
0.549

Am3/hr
Kg/hr

0.545
0.549

Kg/hr
lb/hr
kg/hr
lb/hr

0.549
1.210
1.30
0.714
1.573
1.40
1.00

Kg/m3
lb/ft3

in
mm
in
mm

1.008
0.063

1.00
25.40
1.00
25.40
0.000
0.000

in
mm

1.00
25.40
0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

) since Cv is based on those units. The final Output

rever required the conversions have been made for application of relevant formulae. Most formulae and constan
Carraro
UBAN UB Regulator Series
1", Nozzle 1
0.031
0.700
1.000
0.700
0.700
63.30
kpa
psi
bar
kpa
psi
bar

276.00
40.02
2.76
101.33
14.69
1.01

kpa

174.68

psi
bar

25.33
1.75
0.633

Unchoked or Sub-Critical Flow

0.633
0.699
0.00089
0.03100

2.87
Suitable

But Take Care due to Very Low Inlet Flow

No Criticality

NO

Verify Acceptability

NO

YES

Good

YES

YES

Good

YES

YES

Good

YES

I Method as stated in API 2000, 7th Edition, 3.3.2.

cific criteria given in Annex A of the API std. The newer method is general in nature and more conserva
low Conditions. If valves operate at higher pressure drop ratios than critical flow conditions, then the e
d (Non-critical) flows, the pressure drop is determined by the general pressure drop (Upstream-downstr
d whether the valve opens or not for that flowrate and pressure.

ements change, but that has been accounted for in the Outbreathing Requirements (due to flow) formu

50 ft/s or 15 m/s

NK - OUTLET CONTROL VALVE SIZING (GAS)

the Sizing of the Outlet PCV based mainly on the Revised API 2000 Method (7th Edition) general Case
a valve is selected and suitability is checked. This flowsheet is only valid for Gas Cushioned Expansion
red.

Value

Value

Pump Glycol-Water Recirculation

Storage

Pump Glycol-Water Recirculation

Storage

Propylene Glycol-Water (50-50 %)

Solution

Propylene Glycol-Water (50-50 %)

Solution

Cushion Gas Inlet for PCV

Cushion Gas Inlet for PCV

Air

Air

1.50
11.75
-2.95
81.00
0.81
0.81
-0.22
44.06

1.50
11.75
-2.95
81.00
0.81
0.81
-0.22
44.06

6.70
28.949
1.000
1.222
0.00
14.70
101.33
1.01
0.00
-17.78
92.00

6.70
28.949
1.000
1.222
0.00
14.70
101.33
1.01
0.00
-17.78
92.00

33.33
44.07
6.70

33.33
44.07
6.70

1.008
0.063

1.008
0.063

1.000

1.000

4.00

4.00

0.00

0.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

1.00

0.000
0.000

0.000
0.000

0.000

0.000

6.70
44.06

6.70
44.06

Below 25 oC

Below 25 oC
0.000
0.000
0.050
0.375

NO

0.000
0.000
0.050
0.375
NO

40.58
Below 42

40.58
Below 42

4.000

4.000

0.320

0.320

273.15
101.325
288.75
101.325
279.85
81.000

273.15
101.325
288.75
101.325
279.85
81.000

0.425
0.449
0.545
0.549

0.425
0.449
0.545
0.549

0.545
0.549

0.545
0.549

0.549
1.210
1.30
0.714
1.573
1.40

0.549
1.210
1.30
0.714
1.573
1.40

1.00

1.00

1.008

1.008

0.063

0.063

1.00
25.40
1.00
25.40
0.000

1.00
25.40
1.00
25.40
0.000

0.000

0.000

1.00
25.40
0.000

1.00
25.40
0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

of relevant formulae. Most formulae and constants are based on english units hence the spreadsheet has been
Carraro
UBAN UB Regulator Series
1", Nozzle 1
0.031

Carraro
UBAN UB Regulator Series
1", Nozzle 1
0.031

0.700

0.700

1.000

1.000

0.700

0.700

0.700

0.700

63.30

63.30

276.00
40.02
2.76
101.33
14.69
1.01

276.00
40.02
2.76
101.33
14.69
1.01

174.68

174.68

25.33
1.75

25.33
1.75

0.633

0.633

Unchoked or Sub-Critical Flow

Unchoked or Sub-Critical Flow

0.633

0.633

0.699
0.00089
0.03100

0.699
0.00089
0.03100

2.87

2.87

Suitable

Suitable

No Criticality

No Criticality

Verify Acceptability

NO

Verify Acceptability

Good

YES

Good

Good

YES

Good

Good

YES

Good

ethod is general in nature and more conservative than the Old method with the introduction of new pa
ratios than critical flow conditions, then the effective pressure drop ratio becomes the critical pressure
the general pressure drop (Upstream-downstream) across the valve.
essure.

utbreathing Requirements (due to flow) formula.

(7th Edition) general Case and Masoneilan Control Valve Sizing. The Outlet Blanket Gas and
Gas Cushioned Expansion Tanks. Upon calculating the Breathing requirements, a Valve with a

Value
Pump Glycol-Water Recirculation
Storage
Propylene Glycol-Water (50-50 %)
Solution
Cushion Gas Inlet for PCV
Air

1.50
11.75
-2.95
81.00
0.81
0.81
-0.22
44.06
6.70
28.949
1.000
1.222
0.00
14.70
101.33
1.01
0.00
-17.78
92.00

33.33
44.07
6.70

1.008
0.063
1.000

4.00

0.00
1.00

1.00

1.00

0.000
0.000

0.000

6.70
44.06
Below 25 oC
0.000
0.000
0.050
0.375
NO
40.58
Below 42
4.000

0.320
273.15
101.325
288.75
101.325
279.85
81.000

0.425
0.449
0.545
0.549
0.545
0.549

0.549
1.210
1.30
0.714
1.573
1.40
1.00

1.008
0.063

1.00
25.40
1.00
25.40
0.000
0.000
1.00
25.40
0.000

0.000

0.000

0.000

ce the spreadsheet has been formulated this way

Carraro
UBAN UB Regulator Series
1", Nozzle 1
0.031
0.700
1.000
0.700
0.700
63.30
276.00
40.02
2.76
101.33
14.69
1.01
174.68
25.33
1.75
0.633

cal Flow

Unchoked or Sub-Critical Flow

0.633
0.699
0.00089
0.03100

2.87
Suitable

No Criticality

NO

Verify Acceptability

YES

Good

YES

Good

YES

Good

he introduction of new parameters such as Latitude, C-Factor, Y-Factor etc.

omes the critical pressure drop ratio since at Choked Flow, the highest pressure drop ratio

ntrol Valve Sizing. The Outlet Blanket Gas and

ting the Breathing requirements, a Valve with a

Basis of Calculation

if N2 then 28.01.
at 15.6 oC
Atmospheric Conditions

From Site Data

From Site Data

Tank Operating Temperature

Calculated

Assuming No Insulation is conservative

since adding insulation reduces flow
reqmnt

Sec. 3.3.2.4, API 2000 (7 Ed.)

Sec. 3.3.2.4, API 2000 (7 Ed.)

Sec. 3.3.2.2, API 2000 (7 Ed.)

Assumed same as Tank Op. Temp

Above 1kPa considered high,

else, close to Hexane

Sec. 3.3.2.3, API 2000 (7 Ed.)

Sec. 3.3.2.3, API 2000 (7 Ed.)

Sec. 3.3.2.3.3, API 2000 (7 Ed.)

STP at 15.6 oC, 1 atm
NTP at 0oC, 1 atm

Masoneilan Control Valve Handbook and

ISA Reference

For Valve Selected Below

See Table attached or

Crane or Blackmonk reference

Masoneilan Control Valve Handbook and

ISA Reference

From Valve Manufacturer

From Valve Manufacturer or
the ISA Reference table, Sec. 8
Masoneilan Control Valve Handbook and
ISA Reference
See Blackmonk Reference
See Blackmonk Reference
Masoneilan Reference (Table)
Valve Setpoint Decided by us

Ambient Outside / Exit Pressure

Masoneilan Control Valve Handbook and

ISA Reference

Masoneilan Control Valve Handbook and

ISA Reference
In Choked flow, max P Drop is Critical
Valve P Ratio, else it is
equal to Valve P Drop
All References
All References
See Blackmonk Reference
Depends on Guidelines below

Margin by which flow is Choked

See Carl Branan Reference

See Carl Branan Reference
See Carl Branan Reference
See Carl Branan Reference

titude, C-Factor, Y-Factor etc.

Choked Flow, the highest pressure drop ratio

VP<=HEXANE (Non Volatile)

Below 25 oC
Above and Equal 25 oC
Below 42
4
6.5
Between 42 and 58
3
5
Above 58
2.5
4

Below 42
Between 42 and 58
Above 58

VP>HEXANE (Volatile)
Below 25 oC
Above and Equal 25 oC
6.5
6.5
5
5
4
4
Normal Conditions
Standard Conditions

Typical Xt Values (Rated Pressure Drop Ratio Factor

0 oC, 1 atm
15.6 oC, 1atm

ure Drop Ratio Factor)