Title

General
Statement

Series of
Description

Solar Energy

Solar energy is one great alternative for future energy sources. It is

environmentally friendly and is renewable, thus making it an excellent energy
source.
According to The United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA):
Enough sunlight reaches the earths surface every year to produce approximately
1,000 times the amount of energy produced by burning all fossil fuels mined and
extracted during the same time period
As with most renewable energy systems, the initial costs of setting up
these solar energy projects is quite expensive. However, the savings on electricity
bills in the long-term should make up for this and year after year, the costs of
these solar energy are falling which will make it more affordable and widespread.
Solar energy will also be powering some 70,000 homes and several
hundred businesses in Britain soon, after the government announced a 10
million investment into photovoltaic (PV) technologies over the next three years.
Photovoltaic cells provide an unlimited supply of free power by converting
sunlight into electricity using modern semiconductors. Vast arrays of these cells
will be placed on roofs and walls around the country to provide buildings with a
renewable source of energy for lighting, heating, and storage.
Street lighting and traffic signals can also benefit from this power supply
further reducing our dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear energy.

The text is a report text. A report text classifies or describes something based on systematic
observation. It begins with a general statement which introduces the topic. Then it is followed by
series of descriptions.
In the description, facts (parts, qualities, habits, and behaviors of the subject) may be described.
1. The main idea paragraph one is .
a. The function of the solar energy
b. The benefit of the solar energy
c. Solar energy as the future energy source
d. The power of solar energy
2. What does the the country in paragraph 5 refer to?
a. The U.S.A.
b. Britain
c. The country developing the solar energy projects
d. One of the superpower country
3. What belongs to fossil fuel?
a. coal
b. soil
c. petrol
d. coal and oil
4. The similar word to the word excellent in paragraph 1 is .
a. Very good
b. Perfect
c. Amazing
d. Spectacular
5. Which one is not the advantage of the solar energy?
a. It produces large amount of energy
b. It can reduce our dependence on fossil fuels and nuclear energy
c. It costs expensively to begin the solar energy projects
d. It is a renewable source of energy

Read the following text. Identify the structure of the text, then answer the questions which follow
Mangrove Trees
A mangrove is a tropical maritime tree or shrub of genus Rhizophora. Mangroves have special
aerial roots and salt-filtering tap roots that enable them to thrive in brackish water (brackish water
is salty, but not as salty as seas water)
There are several species of mangrove trees found all over the world. Some prefer more
salinity, while others like to be very close to a large fresh water source (such as river). Some prefer
areas that are sheltered from waves. Some species have their roots covered with sea water every
day during high tide. Others are more sensitive to salinity, and grow closer to the shore. Other
species grow on dry land, but are still part of the ecosystem.
Mangrove need to keep their trunk and leaves above the water line. Yet they also need to be
firmly attached to the ground so they are not moved by waves. There are three types of mangrove
roots that help in this process:
1. Support roots which directly pierce the soil.
2. Level-growing roots which twist upward and downwards with the upward twists emerging on
the water surface.
3. Level-growing roots whose downward twists (sub-roots) appear on the water surface.
Any part of a root that appears above the water line channels oxygen to the plant below the
water line. Over time as soil begins to build up, these roots produce additional roots that become
embedded in the soil.
Source:
http;//mbgnet.mobot.org/salt/sandy
Questions:
1. What is a mangrove tree?
2. What makes mangroves able to thrive in brackish water?
3. What can you say about brackish water?
4. Do all mangroves grow closer t the shore?
5. What parts of mangrove that need to be kept above the water line?
6. Why do mangroves need to be firmly attached to the ground?
7. How many types of roots do mangrove have
8. What roots do not appear above the water surface?
9. What is the function of any part of a roof that appears above the water line?
10.Do mangroves roots increase?
Title
General
Statement

Series of
Description

Cactus
Cactuses are American plants with sharp spines, thick, bulbous green stems, and
no leaves.