Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MOTOR SYSTEM
SOMATIC MOTOR SYSTEM
Smooth Muscle
AUTONOMIC MOTOR SYSTEM
Glands
(sympathetic and Parasympathetic)
Auxiliary
Motor Pathways
descending
pathways from
brain stem
pyramidal
tract
Skeletal Muscle
reflex
arc
Pyramidal Tract
Corticospinal Tract
T
R
A
K
T
U
S
P
I
R
A
M
I
D
A
L
I
S
Pyramidal Tract
1. corona radiata
2. internal capsule,
posterior limb
3. crus cerebri
4. longitudinal
pontine fiber
5. pyramid
6. pyramid decussation
7. lateral corticospinal
tract
8. anterior corticospinal
tract
T
R
A
K
T
U
S
E
X
T
R
A
P
I
R
A
M
I
D
A
L
I
S
Corticospinal
Tract
completion of
myelination in
2nd year of life
time of
standing and
walking
Pyramidal Tract
Corticobulbar Tract
- Corticofugal fibers projecting to, and terminating in
the portions of lower brainstem
- Termination:
1) motor nuclei (upper motor neuron pathway)
hypoglossal, ambiguus, facial motor,
trigeminal motor, abducens, trochlear
and oculomotor nucleus
2) sensory relay nuclei
nuclei gracilis and cuneatus, trigeminal
sensory nucleus, solitary tract nucleus
3) reticular formation (corticoreticular fiber)
Pyramidal Tract
- largely bilateral
laryngeal, pharyngeal, palatal and upper facial
muscles of mastication and extraocular muscles
- unilateral
lower facial musculature (facial palsy)
SCM and trapezius (uncrossed) --- spinal accessory
- Pseudobulbar Palsy --- syndrome of bilateral UMN lesion
LMN syndrome
UMN Syndrome
Type of Paralysis
Flaccid Paralysis
Spastic Paresis
Atrophy
Severe Atrophy
No (Disuse) Atrophy
Absent DTR
Pathological Reflex
Absent
Superficial Reflex
Present
Absent
Fasciculation and
Could be
Absent
Fibrillation
Present
Increase
Positive Babinski Sign
Syndrome
Spasticity
- Increased resistance to passive movement in
antigravity muscle (flexor in arm, extensor in leg)
Clasp Knife Phenomenon
- Sign of Upper Motor Neuron Syndrome,
especially internal capsule lesion
cf. Rigidity
- increased muscle tone, no increased DTR
Cogwheel Phenomenon
- symptom of basal ganglia or cerebellar lesion