Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
OPERATION
and
MAINTENANCE MANUAL
Client : FRIEM
Project: E436 SNC ES
Serial Number: 35707-8
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 1
1.
DESCRIPTION..................................................................................................................................3
1.1
TRANSFORMERS CHARACTERISTICS.............................................................................3
1.2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION......................................................................................................5
1.2.1
MAGNETIC CIRCUIT.....................................................................................................5
1.2.2
WINDINGS.......................................................................................................................5
1.2.3
ELECTRICAL INSULATION...........................................................................................5
1.2.4
TANK.................................................................................................................................5
1.2.5
OIL CONSERVATOR........................................................................................................6
1.2.6
INSULATING OIL............................................................................................................6
2. SHIPMENT AND STORAGE...........................................................................................................7
2.1
DESPATCH................................................................................................................................7
2.2
ACCEPTANCE..........................................................................................................................7
3. ERECTION AND INSTALLATION.................................................................................................8
3.1
TRANSFORMER......................................................................................................................8
3.2
FITTINGS AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENT.....................................................................10
3.2.1
TRANSFORMER SILICA GEL BREATHER................................................................10
3.2.2
TRANSFORMER OIL LEVEL GAUGE........................................................................10
3.2.3
TRANSFORMER BUCHHOLZ PROTECTION RELAY..............................................11
3.2.4
DIAL-TYPE THERMOMETER.....................................................................................12
3.2.5
WINDINGS TEMPERATURE INDICATOR..................................................................12
3.2.6
PRESSURE-RELIEF VALVE..........................................................................................13
3.2.7
H.V. BUSHINGS..............................................................................................................13
4. COMMISSIONING.........................................................................................................................14
4.1
CHECKS ON COMPLETION OF ERECTION.....................................................................14
4.2
ELECTRICAL TESTS.............................................................................................................14
4.2.1
TRANSFORMER PROTECTION..................................................................................14
4.3
NORMAL OPERATION.........................................................................................................14
4.3.1
Bushings...........................................................................................................................14
4.3.2
Buchholz relay.................................................................................................................14
4.3.3
Oil level indicator............................................................................................................15
4.3.4
Air drier...........................................................................................................................15
4.3.5
Dial-type thermometer.....................................................................................................15
4.3.6
Gaskets.............................................................................................................................15
4.4
NORMAL SHUT-DOWN........................................................................................................16
4.5
START-UP AFTER A NORMAL SHUT-DOWN....................................................................16
4.6
FORCED AND EMERGENCY SHUT-DOWN......................................................................16
4.6.1
Trouble-shooting..............................................................................................................17
4.6.2
Recommended check-list in case of damages.................................................................17
4.7
START-UP AFTER A FORCED AND EMERGENCY SHUT-DOWN..................................17
4.8
INSTRUCTIONS FOR PRESERVATION DURING SHUT DOWN.....................................18
4.9
CHECK-LIST FOR START-UP COMMISSIONING AFTER MAJOR REPAIR OR
OVERHAUL........................................................................................................................................18
5. MAINTENANCE............................................................................................................................19
5.1
INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................19
5.1.1
Programmed Inspection and Maintenance......................................................................21
1.
Job: E436-SNC-ES
DESCRIPTION
Date: 06/08/07
Page 2
1.1
TRANSFORMERS CHARACTERISTICS
Serial no.:
35707
Tag No.:
36060-TF-001
No. of phases:
3/6
Type of cooling:
ONAN
Frequency:
50 Hz
Rated power:
13079/2x9248 kVA
Primary voltage:
20000 V
589.1 V (Max)
377.6 A (Max)
Secondary current:
9064 A
Primary connection:
Delta
Secondary connection:
Vector group:
Dyn1- Dyn7
HV insulation level:
24/50/125kV
LV insulation level:
3.6/10/ kV
Installation type:
Outdoor
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 3
Serial no.:
35708
Tag No.:
36060-TF-002
No. of phases:
3/6
Type of cooling:
ONAN
Frequency:
50 Hz
Rated power:
13079/2x9248 kVA
Primary voltage:
20000 V
589.1 V (Max)
377.6 A (Max)
Secondary current:
9064 A
Primary connection:
Star
Secondary connection:
Vector group:
Yyn0- Yyn6
HV insulation level:
24/50/125kV
LV insulation level:
3.6/10/ kV
Installation type:
Outdoor
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 4
1.2
GENERAL DESCRIPTION
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 5
The tank is provided with eyes for lifting the transformer filled with oil and lugs to
displace the unit on its base. In addition to the required fittings, the tank is provided
with: filter press, drain, sampling, valves and ground terminals.
1.2.5 OIL CONSERVATOR
The volume of oil conservator is approx. 14% of the respective volume of the tank.
The conservator is divided in two parts: one for the main tank and one for the OLTC
and both are fitted with:
one filling hole.
one oil level indicator (magnetic type)
one pipe connection for silica gel breather
one drain plug
one pipe connection to the Buchholz relay.
1.2.6 INSULATING OIL
The transformers are delivered complete with enough oil for the first filling. The oil
used is mineral oil.
For service in an electric transformer, oil is required to serve as both an insulating and
a cooling medium. To satisfy these requirements it must:
have a low viscosity
have a high dielectric strength
have a high flash point
be free of acid, alkali and corrosive sulphur
resist oxidation and slugging
have a low pour point
be compatible with the materials used in transformer construction
Below you can found the characteristics of the mineral oil ( SHELL Diala D); Push on
the icon near the file name :
Oil SHELL Diala D - characteristics
Oil DIALA D - Data
sheet.pdf
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
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2.
2.1
DESPATCH
All transformers are carefully dried out and filled with dehydrated and de-aerated oil
before factory test. All transformers are carefully factory tested before despatching.
Transformers are then despatched not full-filled with oil but for transport motivations
some oil are despatched separately in apposite drums and the transformer filled up with
nitrogen gas. The accessories are packed in strong wooden crate, and every precaution
is taken to ensure that they arrive at their destination in perfect condition. Any effort
has to be done in order to avoid any kind of shock to the transformer during
transportation, handling and storage.
2.2
ACCEPTANCE
Immediately upon receipt of the equipment, check the transformer and accessories
accurately for detecting any damage due to transportation.
Check the transformer and other parts for obvious signs of damage or movement on
the wagon or for loose or broken tie rods. If there is evidence of rough handling, make
a critical inspection of the shipment. Claims must be sent to the transportation
company immediately, and soon after notified Specialtrasfo service.
Inspect tank for leaks. Use a crane to unload the transformer, after checking that the
crane and chains are of adequate strength. Ensure that the lifting chains (ropes) are of
sufficient length to prevent excessive horizontal stress. Keep the chains (ropes) clear of
bushings or auxiliary equipment on the top of the unit and attach them only to the lugs
provided.
3.
3.1
TRANSFORMER
Date: 06/08/07
Page 7
Locate the transformer in its permanent position using when it is possible a crane of an
adequate load: otherwise move it on rollers - do not drag.
The erection of H.V. transformers must be arranged so as to comply with the official
safety regulations (the minimum distance from live parts to fences is given by (7 + 0.7
kV) cm and in any case not less than 15 cm).
In order to prevent crane harm, lifting equipment or their loads from any accidental
touch with alive elements, the latter shall be de-energised and grounded during all the
lifting operations.
The voltage shall not be reset in this areas until workers, once the operations are over,
have received from the foreman a clear notice that works are over and that voltage can
be reset.
It is forbidden to remove the safety protections and to carry out works on electric
equipment prior to open the circuit feed external multi-pole circuit breakers.
Anywhere high voltage equipment exist, a suitable "danger of death" signal shall be
provided.
For particularly dangerous works on electric equipment, even if carried out by one
skilled person, a second person must be present.
For connection between metal structures to the main earthing system, leads suitable for
grounding current shall be used; the cross section of these leads shall be higher than or
equal to 16 mm if copper type, or 50 mm if galvanised iron type.
The connections of the lead with the metal components to be protected to the earthing
rod shall be carried out by tightening the relevant bolts, after removing any kind
whatsoever of paint or insulating layers.
The connection between the various components shall be so strong as to withstand
mechanical stresses due to possible ground fault current.
All bolts and nuts must be tightened properly so that they cannot work loose as a result
of vibrations and preventing any dangerous overheating. Once the power line either
H.V. or L.V. side of the transformer are connected no mechanical force as weight of
connection bars, bending, stretching forces,... has to act on bushings.
Since the cooling radiators are of two types (small and large), their assembly has to be
carried out with reference to the outline drawing bearing in mind that they can be
exchanged among the two categories. The erection of radiators begins with removal of
blank flanges placed on butterfly valves fixed on the radiator connection pipes on the
tank walls. Then the radiators have to be positioned using an adequate crane and fixed
by means of bolts provided (care must be taken in order not to damage o-ring gasket
between the radiator flange and the butterfly valve). We suggest waiting to open the
shut-off butterfly valves after completion of erection.
The following step is oil conservator assembly; in this case the connection from the
conservator to the main tank is through the Buchholz relay, provided with a shut-off
butterfly valve that has to be opened after conservator fixation (carried out after
removal of a blank flange on the valve as done for radiators).
At this point oil filling can take place using insulating oil supplied in loose drums
through the oil filing hole on top of the conservator. When oil level gauge reaches the
level corresponding to 20 C it is necessary to open the radiator valves in order to
allow complete filling of the transformer (a warning plate reminds that after radiators
assembly oil has to be topped up). When filling appears to be complete (check oil level
gauge) it is necessary to vent all radiators through the venting caps placed on their
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 8
higher point and top up oil in the meanwhile in order to reach a steady-state in which
oil level is correct and no more air is coming out from the venting caps. To complete
this operation, HV bushings (primary side) and Buchholz relay have to be vented using
respectively the screws on top of each stud for the bushings and the appropriate
venting cap on the relay.
At this point the upper valve has to be closed and the silicagel breather screwed on its
pipe after having filled its lower cap with a small quantity of oil (instructions are clearly
marked on the breather itself).
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
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3.2
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 10
Date: 06/08/07
Page 11
at 85C to take account of the inherent time lag between maximum and top oil
temperatures. It must be borne in mind that there will be a temperature gradient
between the actual minimum temperature of the copper conductors and that registered
in the top of the oil the former of course being the higher. This accounts for the
differences suggested between the permissible continuos temperature and the alarm
temperature. Correct settings for alarm and trip contacts are shown on auxiliary wiring
diagram.
Winding_Temperatur
e_Indicator.pdf
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 12
lower the oil level in the tank just below the cover
unscrew nuts (1)
remove cap (2) and gasket (3)
unscrew nuts (4) and remove ring (5)
dismount porcelain being careful that dirt and moisture do not enter in the tank
mount a new porcelain, out nuts and gasket as required and fill up the transformer
with oil.
1
2
3
4
5
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 13
4.
4.1
COMMISSIONING
We recommend that the following items be checked and that the results be recorded
after completion of the erection:
tightness of transformer tank
oil level of transformer
tightness of bushing connections
silica gel breather air flow unrestricted - filling o.k.
tap changer position o.k.
transformer tank and cover electrically grounded
control devices complete - connections complete
thermometer pockets oil-filled
all valves of cooling system open.
4.2
ELECTRICAL TESTS
We recommend that the following tests be performed and the results recorded prior to
commissioning the transformer:
4.2.1 TRANSFORMER PROTECTION
All devices designed for the protection of the transformer, such as a differential
overcorrect fault current protection devices, etc. as well as the protective devices
mounted on the transformer such as oil level, dial-type thermometer, Buchholz relay,
etc. should be checked for perfect operation.
4.3
NORMAL OPERATION
The following paragraphs shows the accessories of the transformer Outline Dwg. No.
85167 with the procedures to be followed for inspection and checks during service
(Tables 1-2).
4.3.1 Bushings
For the output and feeding there are mounted:
3 H.V. Bushings
6 L.V. Bus-bars
4 IPT Bus-bars
4.3.2
Buchholz relay
See point 3.2.3
NOTE
The alarm trip contacts also act in the event that the oil level should become
exceedingly low. When the alarm and tripping contacts act, it is necessary to check
through the relay window the quantity of gas.
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
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85
90
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
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ITEM
General
PANEL CHECKS
Voltage, currents, frequency
ambient temperature, alarm
tests
Cooling system
Connection
Buchholz relay Alarm signalling recording
Air drier
Conservator
LOCAL CHECKS
EVERY
tour
day
tour
orange:dry
colourless: moisture
oil level according to oil
temperature
existing trip, must be
immediately signalled
Pressure-Relief
Valve
O.L.T.C.
Operation number recording &
relevant working positions
Oil
No. of alarms No. of tripping Temperature value
Thermometer
tour
(*)
tour
tour
tour
tour
month
NOTE:
(*) it is always advisable to perform a chemical analysis of the gas.
4.4
NORMAL SHUT-DOWN
Open the circuit breaker to disconnect the transformer from the network.
4.5
4.6
4.6.1 Trouble-shooting
ITEM
Job: E436-SNC-ES
TROUBLE
PROBABLE CAUSE
Date: 06/08/07
RECOMMENDED
CHECKS
Page 16
Transformer
Buchholz
C1-C2-C3-C4-C6
C1-C2 -C8
C5-C7
C1-C2-C3-C4
C1-C2-C3-C4
Date: 06/08/07
Page 17
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 18
5.
5.1
MAINTENANCE
INTRODUCTION
Proper maintenance is a very important subject for getting safe and reliable
operation of transformers.
General concepts of good maintenance applicable to all electric apparatuses and to
the electric power system as a whole, are suitable also for transformers, taking into
account that they are very often key components in the electric power transmission
system.
A transformer should be kept clean, avoiding any heavy accumulation of dust, oily
substance, sand, salt and foreign matter any kind, especially on bushings and living
parts.
Control cubicles must be maintained dry and clean, replacing the relevant gaskets at
due time, if tightness is suspected or checked to be precarious.
Accumulation of dust and water obviously impairs proper operation of electric
apparatuses.
Outdoors located measuring and protecting devices, like oil level, oil temperature
indicator, winding temperature indicator, Buchholz relay, etc. although specifically
built for this sort of installation, may suffer infiltration of sand and rain, with
consequent rust, in case tightness is poor. Replacing defective gaskets and/or
assuring tightness is definitely necessary for reliable operation.
Good efficiency of the cooling plant is extremely important for transformers any
size, since they operate always at full load.
Consequently keeping all parts devoted to heat transfer, extruded tubes in oil/water
cooling units, clean and free from deposits of any kind, is necessary to maintain the
oil temperature within acceptable limits.
Excessive oil temperature due to poor cooling efficiency does cause accelerated
ageing of insulating parts and reduced transformer life, as well as higher load loss,
since winding ohmic resistance increases with temperature.
Checking of oil level is also important, although any dangerous lack of oil inside the
tank should be prevented by minimum level warning.
Abnormal oil level can be settled by sucking out the excessive oil by means of a
narrow hose or by topping-up, using in case and dry and clean transformer oil
available on site.
Oil leakage from the tank, though not very infrequent, may require some welding
work, that should be carried out by skilled workmen.
Generally small welding works on oil filled tanks can be performed safely.
Taking care of the paint and restoring it when necessary, helps preventing rust and
poor looking of the unit.
All thermal protection devices are very important.
At last during few months after the start of operation it is advisable to observe the
mean operating conditions of the transformer, making a correlation, if possible,
between the temperature readings and the average voltage on the primary side.
NOTE
It is important to keep records of all important events related to operation of the
transformer.
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
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All short circuits, occurred on the transformer or in the line, wrong paralleling,
misoperation of other electric devices, like circuit breakers, disconnectors, etc.,
must be recorded together with all useful information, like evaluation of short
circuit currents, type and time of intervention of protective devices, sequence of
intervention, etc.
In case of alarm or tripping of the Buchholz relay it is important to collect the gas, if
any, and to have it analysed by means of the relevant set.
In case information or instruction are needed from Specialtrasfo because of
anomalous operation of the transformer or damage, please care to transmit most
comprehensive information on the following items:
IMPORTANT NOTE
Any Buchholz tripping, especially in the case that there is sudden appearing of an
appreciable amount of gas (some hundreds of cm) and gas mixture is flammable,
does rise doubt that a significant event has affected the unit. In this case it is
absolutely necessary to carry out appropriate measurements and checks before any
new energising.
The following tests are the most significant and are relatively easy to be carried out:
Date: 06/08/07
Page 20
(not all of the listed items are mounted on the transformer covered by these
instructions):
TANK
X
X
1.1
1.2
1.3
1.4
1.5
1.6
1.7
X
X
X
X
2
BUSHINGS
X
2.1
2.2
2.3
2.4
Butterfly valves
Manholes, terminal boards
Gatevalves, cocks
Gaskets
Bolts & nuts
Painting
Earthing
Porcelain
Pfisterer type
Current transformers
Adaptors
2.4.1
Bolts & nuts
2.4.2
Gaskets
2.4.3
Terminal boards
CABLE BOXES
3.1 Bolts & nuts
3.2 Gaskets
3.3 Oil/oil bushing
4
4.1
TAP-CHANGER
Off-load
4.1.1 Contacts
4.1.2 Manual/motor drive
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
Page 21
4.2
On-load
4.2.1
4.2.2
4.2.3
4.2.4
4.2.5
4.2.6
4.2.7
4.2.8
Control cabinet
Diverter switch contacts
Transit. Resistors
Remote control
Remote position indicator
Oil in switch compartment
Protection relay
Tap selector contacts
CONSERVATOR
X
X
X
X
X
5.1
5.2
5.3
5.4
5.5
Draining piping
Buchholz relay
Oil level indicator
Protect. diaphragm
Air drier
COOLING EQUIPMENT
X
Job: E436-SNC-ES
7.1
7.2
7.3
7.4
7.5
Cables
Terminal boxes
Tap-changers, remote control relays, etc.
Winding temperature indicators
Oil temperature detectors (PT100)
Serial no.: 35707-8
Date: 06/08/07
Page 22
X
X
8
SPECIAL ACCESSORIES
8.1
8.2
8.3
8.4
8.5
OIL
X
9.1 Mineral
9.2 Silicon
NOTE
In the following pages there is a list of "Maintenance Codes" which consist of sets of
two or more figures, identifying the transformer components as per the above
schedule.
For example:6.5.2=pump with motor bearings;
7.5=oil temperature detector
MAINTENANCE SCHEDULE
TRANSFORMER
MAINTENANCE
CODE
TYPE OF CHECKS
OPER.
COND.
FREQUENCY
(MONTHS)
1
Date: 06/08/07
12
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
Page 23
3.1
3.2
3.3
4.1.1 - 4.1.2
4.2.1 - 4.2.5
4.2.2 - 4.2.3 - 4.2.6
4.2.7
5.1 - 5.3 - 5.4
5.2
5.5
6.1
6.2 - 6.6
6.3
6.3.1 - 6.3.2
6.4.1
6.4.2
6.5.1
6.5.2 - 6.5.3
6.7 - 6.8
7.1 to 7.8
8.1 - 8.2
8.3 - 8.4
8.5
9
Clamping check
Ageing & oil tightness
Visual inspection
Driving gear check
Check, cleaning of remote switch contacts &
coils
Visual check & eventual replacement of contacts
& oil
Operation check
Oil tightness & level check
Mechanical / electrical operation check
Silica gel colouring check
Bolt clamp, ageing & oil tightness
Ageing & oil tightness
Scale removal & radiator bank cleaning
Check of given val.
Blade clamping check
Clearance check
Noise level check
Oil tightness & clearance check
Mechanical & electrical check
Ageing, cleaning & operation verification
Ageing, cleaning & operation verification
Cleaning, operation verification
Ageing, oil tightness, cleaning
Dielectric strength
Contents & nature of gases
Humidity contents
Chemical-physical charact. check
Power factor verification
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s
i.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s
o.o.s.
i.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
i.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
o.o.s.
i.s.
i.s.
i.s.
i.s.
i.s.
X2
3
X3
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
X
Job: E436-SNC-ES
Date: 06/08/07
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