Muscle

Origin

Insertion

Action

Extensive
neurosis
(Linea Alba),
Pubis
Linea alba (by
extensive
aponeurosis)

Constrict
abdomen

Linea alba (by

extensive
aponeurosis)

Compress
abdomen

Sternum;
costal
cartilages

Retracts
ribs/sternum;
compress
abdomen

Flat tendon
fascia of the
forearm
Humerus

Draws arm
towards chest

Humerus

Draws arms
towards chest
Draws arms
towards chest

Abdominal Wall Muscle

1. External Oblique

Lumbodorsal
fascia;
Posterior ribs

2. Internal Oblique

2nd sheet of
lumbodorsal
fascia; border
of pelvic girdle
2nd sheet of
lumbodorsal
fascia; border
of pelvic girdle
Pubic
symphysis
(anterior end)

3. Transversus
Abdominus
4. Rectus
Abdominis

Compress
abdomen

Chest Muscles
5. Pectoantibranchi Manubrium
alis
6. Pectoralis Major
7. Pectoralis Minor
8. Xiphihumeralis

Sternum;
median
ventral raphe
Sternum
Sternum
(xiphoid
process)

Humerus

Draws arms
towards chest

Neck/Throat Muscles
9. Sternomastoid

Median raphe;
manubrium of
sternum

Mastoid
process (by
thick tendon)

12.
Clavotrape
zius and
Clavobranchial
13.
Masseter

Clavicle

Ulna

Zygomatic
arch

Flex forearm

14.

Temporal

15.

Digastric

Mandible

Depress lower
jaw

16.

Mylohyoid

Side of skull
(superior
nuchal line to
zygomatic
process of
frontal bone)
Jugular/Mastoi
d process of
skull
Mandible

Mandible
(posterior
lateral
surface)
Mandible
(coronoid
process)

Median raphe

17.

Geniohyoid

Mandible near

Raise floor of
mouth; brings
hyoid forward
Draws hyoid

10.
d
11.
oid

Sternohyoi
Cleidomast

Body of hyoid

Singly turn the

head; depress
head on neck
Draw hyoid
posteriorly
Pulls clavicle
craniad; turn
head singly
Flex forearm

Elevate lower
jaw

Notes:

18.
oid

Sternothyr

19.

Thyrohyoid

symphysis
Sternum (in
common with
sternohyoid)
Thyroid
cartilage

Thyroid
cartilage

forward
Pulls larynx
posteriorly

Posterior horn
of hyoid

Raise larynx

Humerus
(medial side)

Pulls forelimbs
dorsad and
caudad

Fascia of
scapula

Draws scapula
dorsad/caudad

Metacromion
process; spine
of scapula;
fascia of
preceding
muscle
Clavicle

Draws scapula
dorsad; holds
scapulae
together

Metacromion
process;
neighnoring
fascia
Scapula

Draws
scapulae
craniad

Back and Shoulder Muscles

20.
Latissimus
dorsi

21.
Spinotrape
zius
22.
us

Miotrapezi

23.
Clavotrape
zius
24.
Levator
scapulae
ventralis
25.
us

Rhomboide

26.

Splenius

27.
tus

Supraspina

28.

Deltoids

29.
us

Infraspinat

30.

31.
32.
ris

Neural spines
(last thoracic
and most of
lumbar
vertebrae);
lumbodorsal
fascia
Spines of
thoracic
vertebrae
Neural spines
of cervical/
first thoracic
vertebrae
Superior
nuchal line;
median dorsal
line of neck
Transverse
process of
atlas/ occipital
bone
Superior
nuchal line
Middorsal line;
fascia
Supraspinous
fossa (whole
surface)
Acromion
process

Scapula
(infraspinous
fossa)
Teres major Scapula
(axillary
border); fascia
of neighboring
muscles
Teres minor Scapula
(axilary
border)
Subscaplua Subscapular
fossa

33.
Serratus
ventralis

Slips from the

9/10 ribs;
transverse
process of last

Superior
nuchal line
Humerus
(greater
tuberosity)
Surface of
other shoulder
muscles
Humerus
(greater
tuberosity)
Humerus
(medial
surface)

Draws clavicle
dorsad/crania
d

Draws scapula
craniad/rotate
s it
Raises/ turns
head
Extends
humerus
Rotates
humerus
Rotates
humerus
Rotates/
lowers
humerus

Greater
tuberosity

Assists
infraspinatous

Humerus
(lesser
tuberosity)
Scapula near
vertebral
border

Pulls humerus
medially
Draws scapula
craniad/
ventrad/
against

35.

Scalenes

5 cervical
vertebrae
Median dorsal
line (by
aponeurosis)
Ribs

36.
s

Intercostal

Rib

34.
Serratus
dorsalis

thoracic wall
Last ribs

Draw ribs
forward

Transverse
process of
cervical
vertebrae
Rib

Draws ribs
forward; bend
neck

Strengthen
elbow joint;
rotates ulna
Rotate ulmna;
in common
with triceps
Flex forearm

External: bring
rib forward
Internal: draw
ribs back

Upper Arm Muscles

37.
Triceps
branchii

Humerus
(distal end)

Ulna (lateral
surface)

38.
Extensor
antibranchii
(Epitrochlearis)
39.
Biceps
branchii
40.
Branchialis

Latissimus
dorsi

Olecranon

Glenoid fossa

Radius

Humerus
(lateral
surface)
Humerus
(lateral
epicondyle);
Ulna
(semilunar
notch
Humerus
(lateral
surface)

Ulna

With the
biceps

5th metacarpal
(proximal end)

Extends 5th
digit/ ulnar
side of wrist

Tendon passes
internal to
wrist
ligaments
Tendon passes
internal to
wrist
ligaments
Radius (lower
end); adjacent
ligaments
2nd/3rd
metacarpals

Extend 3rd/4th
digit

Radius

Rotates radius
(prone
position)
Flex 2nd/3rd
metacarpals

41.
Extensor
carpi ulnaris

42.
Extensor
digitorum
lateralis
43.
Extensor
digitorum
communis
44.
Branchiora
dialis (supinator
longus)
45.
Extensor
carpis radialis
46.
Pronator
teres
47.
Flexor
carpi radialis
48.
Palmaris
longus
49.
Flexor
profundus
digitorum
50.
Flexor
carpi ulnaris

Above
Extensor
digitorum
lateralis
Humerus
(middle)
Humerus
(near
extensors)
Humerus
(medial
epicondyle)
Humerus
(medial
epicondyle)
Huerus
(medial
epicondyle)
Humerus;
Ulna
Ulna
(olecranon
process)

2nd/3rd
metacarpals

Extend 3rd/4th
digit
Rotates hand
(supine
position)
Extends hand

Pads of palm
and phalanges

Flex digits

Basal
phalanges

Flex fingers

Pisiform bone
of wrist

Flex ulnar side

of wrist

Thigh Muscles
51.
Tensor
fasciae latae
52.
Biceps
femoris
53.
Caudofemo
ralis
54.
Gluteus
maximus

55.
Gluteus
medius

56.

Sartorius

57.
Vastus
lateralis
58.
Rectus
femoris

Ilium;
neighboring
fascia
Ischium
tuberosity

Fascia lata

Tightens
fascia lata

Patella; Tibia;
fascia of
shank
Patella

Abduct thigh;
flex shank

Fascia lata;
greater
trochanter

In common
with gluteus
medius

Femur
(greater
trochanter)

Abduct thigh

Ilium
(crest/ventral
border)

Tibia (proximal
end); patella;
fascia and

Adduct/rotate
thigh; extend
shank

Femur
(greater
trochanter)
Ilium (near
acetabulum)

Patella;
adjacent
ligament
Patella;
adjacent
ligament
Patella;
adjacent
ligament
Patella;
adjacent
ligament
Tibia (by
aponeurosis)
Femur

Extend shank

Femur (medial
epicondyle);
tibia (proximal
end)
Tibia

Extend thigh

Transverse
process of
2nd/3rd caudal
vertebrae
Transverse
process of last
sacral and
first caudal
vertebrae;
fascia
Adjacent
fascia; ilium
crest; lateral
surface of
ilium;
transverse
proecss of last
sacral and
first caudal
vertebrae

59.
Vastus
medialis

Femur

60.
Vastus
intermedius

Femur
(surface)

61.

Ischial/Pubic
symphysis
Pubis

Gracilis

62.
Adductor
longus
63.
Adductor
femoris
64.
Semimemb
ranosus
65.
Semitendin
osus
66.
Tenuissimu
s

Shank Muscles

Ischium

Ischial
tuberosity
Transverse
process of
second caudal
vertebrae

ligaments

Same fascia
as insertion of
biceps

Abduct thigh;
extend shank

Extend shank
Extend shank
Extend shank
Adduct leg
Adduct thigh

Flex shank

67.
Tibialis
anterior

Tibia/fibula
(proximal
parts)
68.
Extensor
Femur (lateral
digitorum longus epicondyle)
69.
Peroneus
Fibula

First
metatarsal

Flex foot

Each digit

Extends digit

71.

Soleus

Metatarsals;
digits
Surface fascia; Calcaneus
femur; tendon (heel bone)
and fascia of
plantaris
Fibula
Calcaneus

72.

Plantaris

Patella; femur

70.
Gastrocne
mius

73.
Flexor
Tibia; fibula;
digitorum longus adjacent
fascia
74.
Tibialis
Fibula; tibia;
posterior
fascia

Calcaneus
(ventral
surface)
Each digit
Scaphoid;
ankle (medial
cuneiform)

Extend/ flex
foot
Extend foot

With
gastrocnemius
Flex digits
Flex digits
Extend foot