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INTRODUCTION
stator flux will induce current in the rotor bars, hence producing
rotor pulsating flux acting along the same axis as the stator flux.
According to Lenzs law, these two fluxes will oppose each
other. Therefore, no starting torque is developed as the angle
between these fluxes is zero. Double revolving field theory
states that stator magnetic field can be decomposed into two
rotating magnetic fields, each of equal magnitude but rotating in
opposite directions. Forward field rotates in the direction of
mechanical movement, whereas backward field rotates in the
opposite direction [4-5].
As stated in [6], torque is only developed when the motor is in
running condition, which can be done by spinning the motor
manually or using auxiliary circuit. Let the mmf along rotor
angular position for sinusoidally distributed stator winding be
(1)
where N = the effective number of turns of the stator winding
and the stator current i is given by
(2)
Therefore, the MMF is given by
(3)
Although rotating in different directions, the forward rotating
mmf Ff (rotating in the direction of ) and the backward rotating
mmf Fb (rotating in the opposite direction of ) produce a useful
net torque except when the rotor is at standstill. This is because
during standstill, the forward and backward torques are equal in
magnitude, therefore, they cancel each other. Whereas at other
speed, the unequal torque produced will keep the rotor rotating
in direction of rotation. The slip with respect to forward field
can be represented as
(4)
(5)
Again, double-revolving field theory is used to analyse the
qualitative and quantitative performance of the single-phase
induction motor. It is also used to obtain the equivalent circuit
of single phase induction motor including the effects of forward
MATHEMATICAL MODELING
in Fig. 1.
I1
R1
X1
..
0.5 X2'
0.5 Xmag
..
0.5 R2'/s
V1
0.5 X2'
0.5 Xmag
0.5 R2'/(2-s)
Xc
X1m
..
R1m X1m
..
Xf
(a^2)Xf
..
..
(a^2)Rf
Rf
-jEf,aux/a
jaEfm
Vm
Va
(a^2)Xb
Rb
(a^2)Rb
+
Xb
j Eb,aux/a
-jaEbm
(a)
(b)
Fig. 2. Equivalent circuits of permanent split-capacitor SPIM (a) main
winding. (b) auxiliary winding.
Zc =
(19)
(7)
(9)
(10)
Rotor winding resistance R2 is then computed as
(11)
Assuming that the stator and rotor leakages to be equal, X1 = X2
= 0.5XBR. Therefore, R1, X1, R2 and X2 can be determined.
C. NO-LOAD TEST
There is no eddy current induced in rotor bars and slip=0 when
motor is rotating at synchronous speed [3]. Rotating mmf
produced by stator winding is also rotating at synchronous
speed. The test is called as no-load test of induction motor where
rotor region becomes part of the stator region and magnetic flux
paths is completed through rotor region. From [9], rated voltage
VNL is applied during no-load test, and current INL and power
PNL are measured at no-load. For s = 0, the rotor resistance of
forward branch is assumed to be infinite as the term 0.5
(15)
(16)
(17)
(20)
(21)
(22)
(23)
(32)
Zb = Rb + jXb
=
(8)
distribution on the stator slots, magnetic saturation and nonlinear behaviours of the iron materials. These considerations
provide accurate calculation of electromagnetic fields and
estimation of machine parameters.
A 18-pole permanent split-capacitor SPIM model is built
using Opera2D, a 2D finite element software from Cobham
Technical Services. The rotor consists of 65 bars. The outer
layer of the stator slots is for main windings whereas the inner
layer of the stator slots is for the auxiliary windings, as shown
in Fig. 3. This motor has external rotor structure which is
rotating while the inner stator core is stationary.
To carry out blocked rotor test and no-load test on the motor
model in 2D FEM, the auxiliary circuit is made open by setting
the resistance in the auxiliary circuit to a very high value so that
no current can pass through the auxiliary winding, as if it is
open-circuited. Circuit editor is used to couple the single-phase
ac voltage source and also to connect the appropriate slot
conductors into series connected main windings and auxiliary
winding respectively. During blocked rotor test, command input
(comi) file is written to set the speed for both stator and rotor to
be zero, whereas for no-load test, comi file is written to set the
stator to be stationary and the external rotor is rotated at
synchronous speed of 333rpm. For both tests, power supply 240
Vrms is used. Rotating machine analysis is conducted on the
motor model for both tests and data such as input voltage, input
current, main current, auxiliary current and average power for
the tests are computed. Having obtained these data, the motor
parameters as discussed in previous section can be estimated.
VII.
CONCLUSION
[3]
[4]
[5]
[6]
[7]
K.G. Vijay, M. S. Lalit, S.S. Jasbir, Parameter estimation of permanentsplit capacitor-run single-phase induction motor using computed complex
voltage ratio, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol. 61, No.
2, pp. 682-692, 2014.
[9] IEEE Standards 114-2002
[10] Sorrentino, E. and Fernandez, S., Comparison of six steady-state models
for single-phase induction motors, IET Electric Power Applications, Vol.
5, Issue 8, PP. 611-617, 2011.