Science6th Unit 7

Matter and Energy

MATTER and ENERGY

COMPOSITION OF MATTER
Matter is made up of one or more substances
The substances consist in atoms:

TYPES OF MATTER
Pure substances: only one component (wter, oxygen, salt,
diamons)
Mixture subtances: two or more substances (sea water,
rocks, soil)
TYPES OF MIXTURES
Heterogeneous mixtures: different components can be
distinguished (soil)
Homogeneous mixtures: different components cannot be
distinguished (sea water, alloys)

Note: alloys are mixtures with one or more metals. Some examples
are:
Copper + tin = bronze
Iron + carbn = Steel
Steel + chromium = stainlees Steel

Science6th Unit 7
Matter and Energy

SEPARATION OF MIXTURES

Solid and liquid

HOMOGENEOUS
mixtures

HETEROGENEOU
S mixtures

EVAPORATION

FILTRATION

2 solids
2 liquids

FILTRATION
DISTILLATION

DECANTATION

DECANTATION:
To separate substances with different density in
heterogeneous mixtures (wter and oil)
FILTRATION:
To separate solids from liquids or solids with different sizes.
DISTILLATION:
To separate liquids with different boiling points (wine and
alcohol)
EVAPORATION:
To separate solids from liquids in homogeneous mixtures
(salt in sea wter)

PHYSICAL CHANGES
Heating or cooling can cause changes of
matters state

Science6th Unit 7
Matter and Energy

Heting matter
LIQUID

MELTING

from SOLID to

VAPORIZATION

from LIQUID to GAS

SUBLIMATION

from SOLID to GAS

Cooling matter

CONDENSATION

SOLIDIFICATION

from GAS to LIQUID

from LIQUID to SOLID

REVERSE SUBLIMATION from GAS to

SOLID

Complete the sentences:

A solid is heated and turns into a liquid
________________________
A gas is cooled and turns directly into a solid
____________________
A liquid is cooled and turns into a solid
_________________________
A liquids heated and turns into a gas
___________________________
A gas is cooled and turns into a liquid
__________________________

Substances change at a fixed

temperature:
MELTING POINT: temperature from SOLID
to LIQUID
BOILING POINT: temperature from LIQUID
to GAS
Examples:

Science6th Unit 7
Matter and Energy
melting point of water is 0 C,
melting point of gold is 1,064 C
melting point of mercury is -39 C
boiling point of water is 100 C
boiling point of alcohol is 78 C
boiling point of mercury is 357 C

Science6th Unit 7
Matter and Energy

CHEMICAL REACTIONS
Original matter can be transformed into other new
substances through chemical reactions in which atoms
react and group together differently.
Chemical reactions produce gas, light or heat and the
colour change.
They cannot be reversed: The original matter cannot be
recovered.

TYPES OF CHEMICAL REACTIONS

Oxidation
Metal substances react with oxygen in water and rust is
produced.
Combustion
Objects or substances are burned. This reaction needs
oxygen and produces gases (usually carbon dioxide), light
and heat.
Fermentation

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Matter and Energy

Some living things, such as yeast and bacteria react and

produce yoghurt, wine or bread.

FORMS OF ENERGY
MECHANICAL ENERGY All objects have mechanical
energy.
Mechanical energy can be:
- Kinetic energy according to the positionof the objects
- Potential energy according to the movement of the
objects
CHEMICAL ENERGY
It is stored in food, fuel and batteries.
During chemical reactions, this energy is converted into
other forms of energy.
ELECTRICAL ENERGY

Science6th Unit 7
Matter and Energy

It is produced by the movement of charged particles and it

is produced from different forms of energy in power plants.
It is easily transformed into other forms of energy.
LIGHT ENERGY
Comes from light sources, such as the Sun or light bulbs.
Plants use light energy for chemical reactions during
photosynthesis.
NUCLEAR ENERGY
It is stored in some substances, known as nuclear fuels,
such as uranium and plutonium.
It is mainly used to produce electrical energy in nuclear
power plants.
THERMAL ENERGY
It is the energy in an object related to its temperature. The
higher the temperature of an object, the greater its thermal
energy.