ABSTRACT

The main objective of the study is to examine the relationship between Technology
Acceptance Model (TAM) and Employees Job Performance at Institut Latihan Perindustrian
Kota Samarahan (ILPKS), Sarawak. Technology Acceptance Model in this study consist two
elements such as, Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use. Technology Acceptance
Model has been developed by previous researchers, Davis (1989) which consists of Perceived
Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, and Perceived Intended of Use in the study. To measure
the level of employees job performance, are divided into two which are task performance
and contextual performance form the researches using Borman and Motowildos Theory
(1993). The total population on this study is 60 and that will distributed to supported staff
and the sample size will be 52%. In this study, no sampling technique is applied because
everyone in the population used as the sample census. This is because the researcher wants
to take whole population to be the respondents for this study. Therefore, the data will be
analyse using SPSS version 20.0 and hypothesis will be tested in this study.

Keywords:

Technology acceptance model (TAM), perceived of usefulness, perceived of

ease of use, job performance, contextual performance

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

Firstly, we are very grateful to Allah S.W.T for giving us the strength and commitment
to complete this research. Special thanks to our valued supervisor, Miss Nurfazlina Haris for
her willingness to take full responsibility in guiding us completing this research and giving a
lot of ideas. We also appreciate for her consideration and patience with us during the
completion of this research.

We would like to express our sincere thanks to those respondents who have taken part
in this research and special thanks to Prof. Madya Dr. Halimaton Haji Khalid for numerous
discussions and lectures on related topic that helped us to improve our knowledge in this area.

We also would like to extend our heartiest appreciation and thanks to our family,
friends, classmates, as well as to all who were involved directly and indirectly in completing
this research.
Thank you all.

Lina Syahirah Bt Amiruddin

January, 2015
Faculty of Office Management and Technology
Universiti Teknologi Mara

TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

ii

TABLE OF CONTENT

iii

LIST OF TABLES

iv

LIST OF FIGURE

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION....................................................................................................................7
Background of Study..............................................................................................................7
Statement of the problem.......................................................................................................8
Research Objective...............................................................................................................10
Research Question................................................................................................................10
Significance of Study...........................................................................................................11
Limitations of the Study.......................................................................................................12
Definition of Terms..............................................................................................................12
CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW......................................................................................................15
Computer..............................................................................................................................15
Technology...........................................................................................................................16
Web-Based...........................................................................................................................17
Perceived Usefulness...........................................................................................................17
Perceived Ease of use...........................................................................................................18
Perceived Usefulness...........................................................................................................19
Job Performance...................................................................................................................19
Task Performance.................................................................................................................20
Contextual Performance.......................................................................................................20
Concept Framework.............................................................................................................22
Hypotheses...........................................................................................................................24

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY.................................................................................................................25
Research Design...................................................................................................................25
Sampling Frame...................................................................................................................26
Population............................................................................................................................26
Sampling Technique.............................................................................................................27
Sampling Size.......................................................................................................................27
Unit of Analysis....................................................................................................................28
Data Collection Procedures..................................................................................................28
Validity of Instrument..........................................................................................................29
Reliability of Instrument......................................................................................................29
Plan of Data Analysis...........................................................................................................30
REFERENCES.......................................................................................................................31

LIST OF FIGURE

Figure 2.2 Technology Acceptance Model: Davis (1989)........................................................19

Figure 2.3 Job Performance: Borman & Motowidlo (1997)...................................................21
Figure 2.4 The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) from Fred D. Davis (1989) and Job
Performance theorys from Walter C. Borman (1997).............................................................23

LIST OF TABLES
Table 3.2 Number of Supporting Staff at ILPKS.....................................................................26
Table 3.3 Data Collection Procedure.......................................................................................28

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

This chapter provides the introduction to this study with the following sections:
background of the study, statement of problem, research objectives, and the research
questions. This chapter will also discuss the significance and limitations of this study as well
as the definition of the terms use.

Background of Study

Along with the development of the advanced technology productivity, organizations

in Malaysia especially in government offices have been experienced with the technology such
as web-based operation, computer and software that can increased employees performance
during working time because technology were essential to help the organizations to improve
the productivity (Nadeem & Huzaifah, 2014). Also according to Naqeem & Huzaifah (2014),
technology can lead to productivity or better performance when combined with other
resources effectively with human resources or when executed effectively, and utilize
technology product and ethnically.
Technology is an excellent tool to improve skills and empower the employees to grow
their knowledge and do better in their existing current job and results in a culture of

adaptability to the technology. According to Dasgupta, Sahay & Gupta (2009) technology
can play a significant role in a governments improvement and development also too much
technology influence even stifle improvement by regulating the current workflows and
developments.

It is significant for organizations to use technology for improvingan

employees potential in order to develop desired skills, knowledge and abilities.

Job performance cannot be overlooked by the organization because it represents the
reputation or image of output that produced by employees. Its involving all aspects which
directly or indirectly affects and related to the work of the employees. According to Kinicki
& Kreitner (2007) employee job performance is developed from happy and satisfaction and
the organization discover it easy to encourage high performers to accomplish organization
objectives. In relation to the above, Seyed & Meysam (2012), stated job performance of
employees is a vital issue for some organization and states to whether a worker does his job
well or not. Job performance contains of behaviors that workers do in their jobs that are
related to the goals of the organization.
In these situations happen, nowadays most of the government office is due to lack of
the awareness of using of the technology. It is believed that the impact of technology
awareness is very importance or essential, especially in increasing the employees
performance.

Therefore, this study is attended to investigate the relationship of users'

technology, which consist of perceive of usefulness, and perceivedease of use that's been
adapted from Technology Acceptance Model (Davis, 1989) toward the employee is work
performance which contains a task performance and contextual performance (Borman &
Motowildo, 1993). Furthermore, the study will address the highest element of technology
users among the employees that significantly affect the job performance.

Statement of the problem

According to recruitment specialist Randstadts Q2 Workmonitor study have
discovered 69% of workers in Malaysia believe they have the perfect occupation, but 42% of
these said their position will be eliminate in the next few years due to the lack practice of
technology. Mean that, Malaysians workers need to have knowledge in order to make of
them more competitive with the other countries that have been using a technology as their
important rules in their organizations.
Recently the general problem that always occurs in the organization is a financial
problem. But they also have to face a political and cultural barrier in order to change in terms
of using the technologies. According to Shoeb (2014) the alteration due to a new technology
in an organization faces not only economic obstacles but also from political and cultural
barriers.
Besides that, the employees feel unsure toward the technology because of their
physiological thinking. They are very worried about changes because they feel that using a
manual system is easier compared than technologies. According to Shoeb (2014) he noted
that, employees being misfit with different technology feels uncertainty with their help.
The old system in the organization has shown fewer positive attitudes about the jobs
from the staff because the businesses that used manual system were consist of many mistakes
made by human. When using a technology will help a task more is accurate and reliable.
Nadeem & Huzaifah (2014) the staff who run less both of the previous and new systems has
state a fewer affirmative attitudes about their full treatment, and these attitudes would
circulate to the constitution because it has become less trusted and more possible to bequeath.
According to Akpomi & Ordu (2009), it is not a surprise when there is an employees
is still using a manual typewriter in a modern world nowadays because they were not exposed

with the new technology. As an employees it will be less productivity where they are not
supplied with efficient and effective with office equipment.

Research Objective
In order to conduct this research, several objectives have been identified. These
research objectives are as follows:

1.

To determine the elements in Technology Acceptance Model that influence towards

supporting

2.

staff

at

Institut

Latihan

Perindustrian

Kota

Samarahan,

Sarawak.

To investigate the relationship between Technology Acceptance Model toward Job

Performance among supporting staff at Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota Samarahan,
Sawarak.

Research Questions

In order to find the answer to the problem, the following questions will be used:

1.

Is the usefulness in Technology Acceptance Model influence job performance towards

supporting staff at Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota Samarahan, Sarawak?

2.

Is the ease of use in Technology Acceptance Model influence job performance towards
supporting staff at Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota Samarahan, Sarawak?

3.

What is the relationship between Technology Acceptance Model toward job performance
among supporting staff at Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota Samarahan, Sarawak?

Hypotheses

There are several hypotheses formulated for this study:

Ha1:

There is a significant relationship between usefulness and Job task performance.

Ho1: There is no relationship between usefulness and Job task performance.

Ha2:

There is a significant relationship between usefulness and job contextual

performance.

Ho2: There is no relationship between usefulness and job contextual performance.

Ha3:

There is a significant relationship between ease of use and job task performance.

Ho3: There is no relationship between ease of use and job task performance.
Ha4:

There is a significant relationship between ease of use and job contextual

performance.

Ho4: There is no relationship between ease of use and job contextual.

Significance of Study
Nowadays, many useful changes have in the workplace in terms of ability and
efficiency with the development of new technologies. In computer based technology, to
agree and delivering in allowing people to work at times and in places of own choosing.
Technological improvement is a significant aspect for persuading the enhancement of
performance (Imran, 2014). The using of technology in the organization can be affected to
employees performance because its can make easier to the employees for making a regular
task without the need to using the papers or manually.
The level of work control methods will be increased by using the technology at the
organizations. Besides that, it also can help employees to achieve their job or task within the
time given and can familiarize the new technologies. According to Kacmar (1997) we can
estimate the new technology would be effect on the lacking of job skills, as well an improved
their level of the control over the work developments.
Mostly the employees are driven by the training opportunities to let them improved
their skills and develop their behaviour by using unfamiliar technology. A comprehensive
training will help employees to raise their passions and capability to accomplish in their
desired for certain tasks. By comprehensive training, employees improvements will grow
and will lead to enlargement; empowerment, contribution, and delegation toward the
organizations were increase. Thus, workers are more responsible involve more in decision
making and rising confidence level in their work. According to Nadeem & Huzaifah (2014)
organizations must influence the workers to implement the new technology and organization
needs to encourage workers to improve performance.

Limitations of the Study

The studies are subjected of the following limitations:

1. The study is only limited to in the Institut Latihan Perindustrain Kota Samarahan,
Sarawak as target respondent.
2. The study is limited to the model of Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and
towards selected technology use by selected supporting staff in Institut Latihan
Perindustrian Kota Samarahan.
3

The study is only limited to the perceived of use and perceived of usefulness from the
Technology Acceptance Model (TAM).

Definition of Terms
This section was explains about the definition of term for independent variable and
dependent variable. These definitions are necessary to establish a common understanding
throughout the study:

Job Performance
According to Borman & Motowidlo (1993) job performance has two dimensions which are
task performance and contextual performance.

Borman & Motowidlo (1993) that the

contextual skills are composed of items measuring leadership, teamwork, and positive
behavior, consistent with the interpersonal facilitations dimensions of contextual performance
while the task performance scale included technical knowledge and problem solving items.

Task Performance
Task performance refers to the core technical part of the job the domain likely to emerge from
a task-related job analysis. (Borman & Motowildo, 1993).

Contextual Performance
Contextual performance supports the organizational, social and psychological environment in
which the technical core must function, which includes activities such as volunteering to
carry out task activities, even if not part of the job, persisting in extra effort when necessary
to complete own work helping and cooperating with the other, following organizational rules
and procedures an endorsing and supporting organizational procedures (Borman &
Motowildo, 1993).

Technology
Technology defines the practice and knowledge of implementing, techniques, skills and
thoughts. Technologies have developed the process of procedures in the 21st century business
community. The technology is that part which can be used for the effective use of resources.
(Farmanl, Awais, Syed, & Muhammad, 2013).

Supporting Staff
Supporting Staff are more likely can contribute to the success of the company when they
bring along or the external business experience into the company to make sure the objectives
of the organization achieved. (Clarke, 1998).

Software
Software is built to complete the general determination purpose of human computing devices
software also, included in the abstract program statement that describe computations to be
run by a computer. (Councill & Heineman, 2009).

Technological Advancement
A technological advance is combining, by means of new improvement, a characteristic or
competence, not before existing or obtainable in standard practice, into new or existing
procedure or product that improves a products performance. Innovation, uniqueness, or
innovation alone does not agree a technological advance. (Ryan, 2010).

Technology Acceptance Model

The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) is one of the important models useful in research
related to the acceptance of Information Technology use and implementation whether it was
software or hardware. TAM was originally presented by Davis in 1989 (Davis, 1989).

Perceived of Usefulness
A study by Tan & Teo (2000) point out that where perceived usefulness is an important factor
in determining the adjustment of innovation. A person's willingness to run the affairs of the
particular system also considered as Usefulness Perception by Bhattacherjee (2002).

Perceived Ease of Use

Perceived ease of use, which refers to degree where a person believe that use one particular
system will be unavailable effort. This is a specific perception and anchored to specific belief
that consumer holds about such system affect accept use (Wixom & Todd, 2005).

CHAPTER 2
LITERATURE REVIEW
This chapter discussed type of technology which is computer, technology and Webbased. It also discussed about the Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) by Davis 1989 such
as Perceived Usefulness and Perceived Ease of Use. It also includes review on job
performance which includes task performance and contextual performance.

Computer
Computer technology got width and functional usage wide in organisational. That
rapid growth and spreading at the ordinary use there is attributed to descending cost and
increase computer power and low cost software programme availability. According to Z.
Rachid (1994), this phenomenon had contributed to spread and larger organisation functions
differentiation occurring at a computer domain important expansion applications.
Development in computer technology also created new capacity in improve flexibility in the
warrant diversity process, work flexibility and product quality improved.
Computer has found their application in the field of economic and business, helping
to facilitate and accelerate process to a significant degree. Manager is among the first to
recognize the vast the possibilities and advantages offered by computer. The realization of
effective and efficient different management activities at present is conceivable without the
use of computers. According to Gordana (2011), he speak out that ease of use and the
potential of networked personal computers enable more people to access computer
technology.
In order to compete in such an environment, managers need to be smart computer
users. In particular, by controlling for status and experience, it appears that sub-groups of

managers (with longer and shorter tenure) as opposed to sub-groups of non-managers (with
shorter and longer tenure) tend to react somewhat differently to extensive computer usage in
diverse functions. (Kamal,2006).

In the workplace, employees are dependent on IT

applications to accomplish routine tasks. Among the common IT applications utilized to meet
employee demands for various outputs include word processing, e-mail, internet, databases,
spread sheets and power point presentations. Such applications are favoured for various
interactions with colleagues and customers. (Maimunah, Roshidi & Roslani, 2012).

Technology
Technologies are invented technology is made to simplify the way we do things. We
use technology in our daily lives to accomplish various tasks. Technology, by reducing the
barriers of geographic distance separating them from their subcontractors and make it easier
for them, indeed, communication, coordination and transfer of knowledge (LeGoff &
Lethiais, 2007). Information technology (IT) increasingly affect about all aspect of the work.
IT has been considered as one of the mainly key technological advances in current history
(Franz, Robey, & Koeblitz, 1986).
Government through Management Planning Unit (ABLE) and the Malaysian
Administrative Modernisation launched the Malaysian Public Sector Information and
Communications Technology Strategic Plan in August 2003 (CAN, 2003). These guidelines
is to make sure that IT initiatives planned are in line with public sector IT vision, which is to
give quality and professional services.
The prevalence and importance of information technology to the design and
structuring of work in today's competitive environment speaks for understanding how such
technology impacts the workers who must use it. According to Yunus (2011) technology can

only develop productivity or improve performance when shared successfully with other
sources of human resources or when technology is capable, productive and ethical use.

Web-Based
The explosion of web-based technologies in recent years has been reinventing the way
government delivers services and connects with potential benefit program applicants and
participants. Increasingly, public and private organizations are using the Internet rather than
traditional paper application methods to bring people into public assistance programs.
Web-based applications provide cross-platform universal access to web resources for
the massive user population. The users typically employ different hardware equipments,
network connections, operating systems, middleware and web server support, and web
browsers. Although some computational capability has evolved in newer applications,
document and information search and retrieval still remain the dominant usage for most web
users. Jeff, Li, Zhao Li & Gunes Koru (2003)
A website that supports multiple functions one that is utilized as a platform for
communications within the organization as well as between the organization and its external
stakeholders, and that also serves as a platform for operating internet-based applications can
be useful to virtually any business. A website may also function to facilitate communications,
both among the personnel within a company and between the companys personnel and its
external stakeholders. (Adham & Ahmad, 2005)

Perceived Usefulness
From a sociological opinion, technology is used by an individual to stay connected to
the world., the users in information systems research were approach toward using and the
usage of a technology are discussed in the technology acceptance model (TAM) (Davis,

1989; Davis, Bagozz &Warshaw, 1989).In TAM, perceived usefulness refers that by using the
technology in the workplace will improve and more efficient of his or her work performance
(Dewett & Jones, 2001). The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM), planned by Davis
(1989), is one of the most authorized and used models in the IT field, and more frameworks
have been presented. Perceived usefulness also means that which a person thinks that with a
system will boost their performance.

Perceived Ease of use

The adoption of modernizations is an important issue in the information technology

field. In the information age, many people need to use computer information systems to
achieve various works efficiently and effectively. Perceived usefulness and perceived ease of
use are the mediators associated closely with Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and they
are also the linkage to connect with technology. While perceived ease of use refers to how
naturally he or she perceives using the technology will be. It imagined influencing perceived
usefulness and attitude towards using the technology. Perceived usefulness and perceived
ease of use are considered diverse factors influencing the users attitude towards using the
technology.

Technology Acceptance
Model (TAM)

Perceived ease of use

Perceived Usefulness

Perceived ease of use is the level to which a person considers that using the system
will be moderately free of effort (Premkumar & Bhattacherjee, 2008). Ease of use and
perceived usefulness is very important and it also believes the workers professional
resources. Someone who considers himself useful in the use of a computer perhaps notices
the use of technology easier than a person who considers himself incapable to use technology.
The acceptance by a company of new technology instruments definitely can develop their
competitiveness and also can make work easier and less recurring, thus producing major
benefits for employees.
Figure 2.1 Technology Acceptance Model: Davis (1989)

Job Performance

Job performance is a quality of product that produced by workers. According to

Berghe (2011) job performance refer to the task or work that participate by workers in which
are related to their work field. Workers are significant main to indicate either success or
failure of an organization. Job performance is contain of the observable behaviour that

performed by workers in their job and significant to the organizational objective (Cook,
2008). Based on Borman & Motowildo (1993) there are contain of two elements in job
performance which are task and contextual performance.
Task Performance
Task performance is state to the usefulness of job responsibilities perform in activities
that impact to the organizations technical core either direct or indirectly (Borman &
Motowildo, 1993). According to Jawahar & Carr (2007), task can be distinguish one job
form another and it affect to task performance that represent from jobs important duties.
Task performance includes behaviors that contribute to the main transformation and
maintenance activities in an organization, such as making products, selling products, getting
inventory, managing subordinates, or delivering services adapted by (Befort & Hattrup,
2003).

Contextual Performance
Contextual performance contains the activities focused to retain the interpersonal and
psychological environment need to allow the technical core to operate (Poropot, 2012).
According to Sonnentag & Frese, (2001) contextual performance is not only focusing on
behaviours such as assisting and collaborating with others but also recommend an ideas to
improve work technique. Its necessary for employees in organizations make a relationship
between co-workers and superior because it will make a persons more appropriate with each
others and the performance will increases.
Contextual performance refers to behaviours that contribute to the culture and
environment of the organization, in other words, the context within which transformation and
maintenance activities are carried out. Volunteering for extra work, continuing with interest

of tasks, helping and collaborating with others, following rules and procedures, and
supporting or defending the organization are all examples of contextual performance
behaviours (Befort & Hattrup, 2003).

Task Performance

Job
Performance
Contextual Performance

Figure 2.2 Job Performance: Borman & Motowidlo (1997)

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK
TECHNOLOGY
ACCEPTANCE MODEL

Interdependent Variable (IV)

Dependent Variable (DV)
Usefulness

Ease of Use
Figure 2.3The Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
from Davis (1989) and Job Performance theorys
from Borman (1997).
JOB PERFORMANCE
Concept Framework

This

concept

Task Performance

framework

includes the
Contextual
variables and the measurement of thePerformance
technology
acceptance model on job performance in Institut
Perindustrian

Kota

Samarahan,

Sarawak.

The framework is adopted from Davis (1989) technology acceptance model which
usefulness and ease of use as the independent variables (IV) and job performance (Borman &
Motowidlo, 1993) that consists of task performance and contextual performance as the
dependent variable (DV).
Technology Acceptance Model by Davis suggests that ease of use and usefulness
needs to be aligned in order for people to understand and learning the significant of
technology. A major of acceptance of technology may begin in any of the two components.
The magnitude of this change will be such that two components will adjust to the change, and
may also incur as a result. This study adopted by Technology Acceptance Model in order to

investigate the influence of technology factor on the employees job performance.

The dependent variables was use to examine the outcome of the research development
or an experiment. In this study, the dependent variable is job performance. The important of
job performance as dependent variables is to identify whether technology has been
acceptance by employees can increase or decrease the level of job performance. This job
performance is the level of productivity of an individual employee, relative to his or her peers
on several job related behaviour. According to Ismail et al., (2009), job performance very
important to be seen as individual employee accomplishing their respective work goals,
meeting their expectations, achieving job targets and accomplishing a benchmark set by their
organizations.

Hypotheses

There are several hypotheses formulated for this study:

Ha1:

There is a significant relationship between usefulness and Job task performance.

Ho1: There is no relationship between usefulness and Job task performance.

Ha2:

There is a significant relationship between usefulness and job contextual

performance.

Ho2: There is no relationship between usefulness and job contextual performance.

Ha3:

There is a significant relationship between ease of use and job task performance.

Ho3: There is no relationship between ease of use and job task performance.
Ha4:

There is a significant relationship between ease of use and job contextual

performance.

Ho4: There is no relationship between ease of use and job contextual.

CHAPTER 3
METHODOLOGY

This chapter will provide information about the methods in getting the data and how
the research is to be carried out. This chapter consists of research design, sampling frame,
population, sampling technique, sample size, unit of analysis, data collection procedures,
survey instrument, validity of instrument, reliability of instrument, plan for data analysis and
pilot study analysis.

Research Design
This research will use non-experimental research, specify correlation research to
examine the connection between variable and measure of the strength of the connection.
Refer to (Creswell, 2008)A correlational research design is suitable to researchers who are
attracted in defining what the relationship between two variables that connected between each
others, but, correlational research does not show a relationship rather, it directs an
association between two or more variables The correlation coefficient was use to estimate
the reliability of the test.
According to (Creswell, 2008) correlation coefficient is valuable as it can define and
measures the degree and strength of a relationship between two variables. The correction
coefficient was use to estimate the reliability of the study. Hence, this study attempts to
examine the connection between Technology Acceptance Model (TAM) and job performance
among supporting staff at Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota Samarahan, Sarawak.

Sampling Frame

Sampling frame is the list of available population in which the researcher will
represent the sample. In this research, the researcher will refer to employees at Institut
Latihan Perindustrian in Kota Samarahan, among supporting staff to get the information
about the personnel in the selected organizations. The information collected is relevant to
supporting staff which is the respondents in this stud. Hence, the sample for this study is the
supporting staff.
Department
Bahagian Pembangunan & Penyelenggaraan/Pengurusan
Aset (BPPA)
Bahagian Kawalan & Kualiti Latihan (BKKL)

Total Number of Supporting

Staff
3
3

Bahagian Pengurusan Latihan Pelajar/Kaunseling

(BPPL)
Perkhidmatan Sokongan Komuniti & Pekerja (CESS)

Pusat Sumber & Multimedia

Pentadbiran & Kewangan

2
18

Jabatan Juruteknik
Jabatan Mekatronik

3
4

Jabatan CNC
Jabatan TDM

4
3

Jabatan GPF
Jabatan Fabrikasi

4
3

Jabatan Kimpalan
Jabatan Automotif

4
3

Total

60
Table 3.1Number of Supporting Staff at ILPKS

Population
According to (Sekaran, 2006) population is defined as the target peoples, events or
things of interest that a researcher want to investigate. Therefore, the population of this study
is the supporting staffs who are work at Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota Samarahan. A
population on the other hand, is the bigger target group of the study to which the result of the
research are applicable (Abdul Halim, 1996). The number of population of this study is 60.

Sampling Technique

According to Sekaran (2003) the population can be defined as the entire group of
people, event or thing of interest which are the researcher wishes to investigate. Samples
should be small enough to provide a convenient amount of data and it must accurately
represent th population if ant valid inference are to be drawn from the sample results
(Sekaran, 2006).
In this study, no sampling technique is applied because everyone in the population
used as the sample census. This is because the researcher wants to take whole population
to be the respondents for this study. This is to avoid sampling bias, non-independent or
unequal chances of selecting a sample.
Sampling Size

According to Sekaran (2006), the appropriate sample size should be more than 30 or
less than 500. The statement is further supported by Salkind (2007) that the larger the sample
size, the smaller the sampling errors will be as larger samples approach the size of the
population, thus will represent the population better. Therefore, 60 respondents from 60
employees are selected to complete this research which represents 100% of the population.

Unit of Analysis

The unit of analysis refers to the level of aggregation of the data collected during
subsequent data analysis stage (Sekaran,2006). The unit of analysis of this study is 60 all
supporting staff of Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota Samarahan, Sarawak.

Data Collection Procedures

The data that will be collected by the researcher is based on questionnaire. A cover
letter will attach to each set of questionnaire. The purpose of the cover letter is to explain the
objective of the study. The questionnaire will be distributed in 23 March 2015by hand to the
respondents.
Before distribute the questionnaire the researchers need to get approval from Head
Faculty of Business Management.

Afterward, the researcher will meet up the Human

Resources manager at Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota Samarahan and will give an
explanation about the content of the questionnaire.

Then, the questionnaire will be

distributed to the staff of the organizations and the respondents will be given two week time
to complete the questionnaires.
DURATION
9 March 2015
23 March 2015
6 April 2015
20 April 2015

ACTIVITIES
Pilot Study
Distribute Actual Questionnaire
Final Collection The Questionnaire
Data Collected Will be Analyzed

The distribution date of questionnaire will be on 23 March 2015 and the final
collection is on 6 April 2015.
Table 3.2 Data Collection Procedure
Survey instrument

The instrument of this study is a set of existing questionnaires. The questionnaires

will consist of likert scales and closed ended questions which are consist of six parts. The
parts are:
ITEM
Section A
Demographic

Section B

VARIABLE
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.

Gender
Age
Maritul status
Level of education
Working experience

a.
b.

Perceived of Usefulness
Perceived Ease of Use

a.
b.

Task Performance
Contextual Performance

Technology Acceptance Model

(TAM)
Section C
Job Performance

Validity of Instrument

The validity of the instrument is the vital thing to make sure the validity of
questionnaire is relevant and related. The researcher used Technological Acceptance Model
(TAM) by Davis (1989) and Job Performance by Borman & Motowidlo (1993).
Furthermore, the researcher used content validity method troughs the feedback form the

experts from lecturer of UiTM Kampus Samarahan 2 which is Mr. Mohammad Zamri Abd
Rahim, lecturer from Faculty Computer Science and Mathematics and Mrs. Saira Joe for
content validity is the most direct type of validity.
According to (Salkind, 2014) is show the level to which a test represent the universe
of items from which it is drawn, and it is particularly useful when evaluating the effectiveness
of achievement test or test that sample a specific area of information.

Reliability of Instrument
The reliability or the measures will be conducted using Cronbachs alpha test.
According to Sekaran (2003), Cronbachs alpha is a reliability coefficient that indicates who
well the item in a set are positively correlated to one another. Besides, he added that
Cronbachs alpha test is divided in terms of average intercorrelations among the items of
measuring the concept.
Sekaran (2003) stated that the closer Cronbachs alpha is to 1, the higher the internal
consistency reliability.Pilot test will be conducted before the actual distribution to ensure the
reliability of the data. Then, 30 sample of questionnaire will be distributed randomly in any
population that have same characteristic of the unit of analysis.

Plan of Data Analysis

To analyze the data, the researchers have chosen statistical package software system
(SPSS) version 20.0 to fill up the data that has been collected from the questionnaires. This
statistical package offers a diversification of application of data is administering and
reporting, statistical analysis and graphics.

RESEARCH
OBJECTIVE
To determine the
elements in
Technology
Acceptance Model
that influence
towards supporting
staff at Institut
Latihan
Perindustrian Kota
Samarahan,
Sarawak.

CONCPETS/
CONSTRUCT
Element in
Technology
Acceptance
Model
Usefulness
Ease of Use

To investigate the
relationship between
Technology
Acceptance Model
toward Job
Performance among
supporting staff at
Institut Latihan
Perindustrian Kota
Samarahan,
Sawarak.

Technology
Acceptance
Model and Job
Performance
include of task
and contextual
performance

PILOT STUDY ANALYSIS

MEASUREMENT

SCALE

STATISTICALS

RQ1: Is the usefulness

in Technology
Acceptance Model
influence job
performance towards
supporting staff at
Institut Latihan
Perindustrian Kota
Samarahan, Sarawak?

Interval

Multiple
Regression
Mean
Standard
Deviation

RQ2: Is the ease of use

in Technology
Acceptance Model
influence job
performance towards
supporting staff at
Institut Latihan
Perindustrian Kota
Samarahan, Sarawak?
RQ3: What is the
relationship between
Technology Acceptance
Model toward job
performance among
supporting staff at
Institut Latihan
Perindustrian Kota
Samarahan, Sarawak?

Interval

Multiple
Regression
Mean
Standard
Deviation

Interval

Pearson
Correlation

Cronbach Alpha Scores for the Relationship between Technology Acceptance Model (TAM)
and Job Performance toward supporting staff at Institut Latihan Perindustrian Kota
Samarahan.
Scale

No of Scale Items

Reliability Coefficient (Cronbachs

Perceived

10

Alpha Pilot Test (n=54)

0.930

Usefulness
Perceived Ease
use
Task Performance
Contextual
Performance

of 10
5
5

0.890
0.789
0.822

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