GENERAL CHEMISTRY WORKSHOP

LIQUIDS AND SOLIDS

1. In each of the following groups, which member would you expect to have the highest
boiling point? Explain why. a) H2O, H2S, or H2Se; b) dimethylpropane, methylbutane
or pentane; c) C5H12, C7H16 or C10H22; d) CH3CH2SH, CH3CH2OH or CH3CH3;
e) C3H8, (CH3)2O or C2H6.
2. The unit cell for a pure xenon fluoride compound and perovskite (a mineral
containing calcium, titanium , and oxygen) are shown below.

a) What is the formula of xenon fluoride? b) What is the formula of perovskite?

c) The unit cell of xenon fluoride has a height of 702 pm, and the edge of the square
base has a length of 432 pm. Calculate the density of xenon fluoride. d) How many
oxygen atoms surround a given Ti atom in the unit cell of perovskite?
3. Copper has the face centered cubic crystal structure. Assume an atomic radius of 128 pm
for a Cu atom. a) What is the length of the unit cell of Cu? b) What is the volume of the
unit cell? c) How many atoms belong to the unit cell? d) What percentage of the volume
of the unit cell is occupied? e) What is the mass of a unit cell of copper? f) Calculate the
density of copper.
4. At room temperature, iron crystallizes in a body centered cubic crystal structure. The
edge of the cubic cell is found to be 287 pm. a) What is the radius of an iron atom?
b) What is the volume of the unit cell? c) How many atoms belong to the unit cell?
d) What is the mass of a unit cell of iron? e) Calculate the density of iron. f) What
percentage of the volume of the unit cell is occupied?
5. You are given a small bar of an unknown metal X. You find the density of the metal
to be 10.5 g/cm3. An X-ray diffraction experiment measures the edge of the cubic cell
as 4.09 ( 1 = 10-10 m). Use the periodic table to identify X.
6. How many liters of CH4(g) -measured at 23.4 C and 768 mm Hg - must be burned to
provide the energy needed to heat and vaporize 3.78 L of water initially at 25.0 C?
For H2O(l) at 25.0 C, d = 0.99707 g/cm3, Hvap = 40.7 kJ/mol and the specific heat

capacity is 4.184 J g-1 C-1. For methane, Hcombustion = -8.90 x 102 kJ/ mol. Indicate
any assumptions or approximations.
7. For water Hfus = 6.01 kJ/mol and Hvap = 40.7 kJ/mol. How many grams of ice at
-10.0 C can be converted into vapor at 100. C with 43.6 kJ of energy? Assume that
the specific heat of ice and water are 2.08 and 4.18 J g-1 C-1 respectively.
8. A comparable amount of disorder is generated when any non-associated liquid
evaporates and becomes a gas. An empirical observation called Trouton's rule, states
that "a wide range of liquids that exhibit only London dispersion forces have a
standard entropy of vaporization of about 87 J K-1 mol-1". Predict the standard molar
enthalpy of vaporization of bromine given that it has a normal boiling point of 59.2 C.
9. The normal boiling point of benzene is 80.1 C. How many liters of benzene gas
-measured at 298 K and 95.1 mm Hg- are formed when 1.54 kJ of heat is absorbed by
benzene at a constant temperature of 298 K? Indicate any assumptions or
approximations.
10. The normal boiling point of the nonpolar liquid cyclohexane is 80.7 C. At what
temperature does cyclohexane have a vapor pressure of 375 mm Hg? Indicate any
assumptions or approximations.