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AUTOMATED GARBAGE COLLECTOR

A Proposed Research and Development work submitted to the Faculty of the Department
of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, College of Engineering, Tarlac State
University, Tarlac City.

In Fulfillment of the requirements for the Course EResearch2A

Group 9
April 2016

Members
CAYABYAB, Jonathan P.
DAVID, Jason D.
PATRICIO, Genesis B.
QUIAZON, Joshua G.
RIVERA, Mon Carlo D.
TOLENTINO, Clarence P.

Chapter 1
THE PROBLEM AND ITS BACKGROUND

Improper dumping of waste can threaten human health, wildlife, and the
environment; also, illegal dumps can cause flooding and polluted local waterways.
Different components of waste have very different properties, and grouping them by type,
allows for proper processing or storage. The usual method, which is accustomed to, is by
the scheduled collection of trash by garbage collectors. The people in charge of dumping
the garbage into the trucks are also in charge of segregating it. This results in a very slow
and tedious process. Not only that; the garbage collectors may not be able to thoroughly
separate the trash themselves due to the trucks lack of compartments.

The problem can be eliminated by automating the collection and the segregation
processes and by giving the truck separate compartments for the different trash types. A
color sensor will be embedded in the grapple so that it can automatically identify which
bin to pick-up and what compartment it should dump the waste inside. The garbage for
pick-up must be separated into three different colored bins, namely, black for the nonbiodegradable, white for the biodegradable, yellow for the recyclables. For instance,
when the system is switched to pick-up the black bin, it will automatically pick it up, and
then dump its contents into the black compartment inside the truck, which is for the nonbiodegradable. This vastly increases the sorting process and the efficiency of doing so.

Statement of the Problems


1. Objective of Automated Garbage Collector?
a.) To improve the existing process of garbage collection.
b.) To integrate microcontroller technology in the fabrication of the prototype.
c.) To evaluate the prototype in terms of:
c.1) Pick-up/dumping of trash bin.
c.2) Function of the color sensor.
2. To address the proper practice?

Statement of Objectives
The objective of Automated Garbage Collector is to develop the process of
segregating wastes and collecting them. By creating a miniature of garbage collector
providing sequences/process help to innovate the technology of segregating garbage
1.) To improve the existing process of collecting garbage by the use of articulated
arm to dispose garbage automatically to the truck, and to implement the
disposing of garbage to non-biodegradable, biodegradable, recyclable.
2.) Integrating the microcontroller technology in the fabrication of the prototype
to control the full system which including the articulated arm to automate the
process.
3.) To evaluate the prototype in terms of:
3.1) Pick-up/dumping of trash bin. The truck composed of three compartments
designated to its color. The arm pick-up the trash bin according to the
alignment and color to classify which compartment does it belong, therefore it
emphasized the development of dumping garbage according to its
characteristic.
3.2) The function of the color sensor is to detect the color of the bin to check
its alignment, if the color does not match with the alignment the arm will not
pick up the trash bin.

Significance of the Study


The research will benefit the National Solid Waste Management Commission
(NSWMC) in terms of the progress of the system of collecting garbage and most
importantly, the proper segregation of wastes. Through this research, the time needed for
garbage collection would be vastly decreased. Furthermore, there would be a lower need
for added landfills and a higher demand for recycling plants due to the consequent
amount of recyclables collected, instead of ending up un-separated in the dump. Thus, it
will also profit the City Government in increasing the productivity and commerce of its
region by utilizing this technology. The implementation of this system also decreases the
need of manual labor in terms of garbage pick-up. This social downside can be
compensated by transferring their previously tedious and hazardous labor of raw garbage
handling into processing jobs in recycling plants resulted in the implementation of the
system. This not only gives them a better job but more importantly, a healthier one.

Scope and Delimitations


This study will be dealing with the improvement of garbage collection and
segregation; the research will only focus on the collection and segregation of nonbiodegradable, biodegradable and recyclable materials during regular scheduled garbage
pick-ups. Basically, the old garbage truck will be immensely improved by fully

automating its purpose. There would be virtually no need for manual pick-up of waste,
but instead, the garbage truck will handle the task of collection and the segregation of the
garbage as it is stored in separate containers. Further tasks other than what is stated, such
as the route management of the truck, will not be dealt with in this study. Although the
systems consequent benefits to the affected community has been predicted, this study
swerves from the disposal of the garbage into dumps and recycling plants. The studys
extent will not also reach the transfer and/or removal of workload of the workers that the
automated system will most probably replace. It does not cover the large sized garbage
which could interfere with the separation process.

CHAPTER 2
RELATED STUDIES

According to Hadingham, Evan and Janet. Garbage Where It Comes From, Where
It Goes. Simon & Schuster Inc., 1990, getting rid of garbage has been a problem since the
beginning of civilization. The earliest method of getting rid of garbage consisted of
simply throwing it in a pile. Today, many municipalities in first world countries have
contracted with private firms to pick up their trash and dispose of it, rather than do it
themselves. Out of this trend have emerged companies, each owning thousands of trucks.
In order to remain competitive, these companies have designed trucks that are highly
specialized and automated in an effort to deal with an ever-increasing amount of trash at
the lowest cost.
Based on the United States garbage trucks, most of the body components on them are
made of steel. The body floor, sides, top, and ends are made of steel sheet or plate and are
reinforced with formed steel channels. Different thicknesses of sheet or plate are used for
different areas of the body, depending on the stresses expected in that area. This helps
minimize the weight of the body, and therefore, maximize the weight of trash the truck
can carry.

The lift arms and forks on a front loader are cut from thick steel plates, and the torque
tubes are made from thick-walled, seamless steel tubing. The packer blade, or head, is
used to periodically compress the garbage inside the body. It is made from steel plate and
slides on plastic, steel, or bronze shoes.
Purchased components include the vehicle cab and chassis, lights, warning labels,
electrical wiring, and the hydraulic fluid, cylinders, hoses, and controls.
A further look into Chris Cavettes research mentions that side loaders are operated in a
similar manner as a rear loader, but the opening for the trash is on the side, just behind
the cab, where the driver or loader can reach it quickly. With a manual side loader, the
trash is manually dumped into the opening. With an automated side loader, a hydraulic
arm with a gripping claw on the end grabs the trash container and quickly dumps the
contents into the opening. Side loaders are used to pick up trash in residential areas. They
have capacities of about 15-30 cubic yards and can be operated with a crew of one or
two.
Hadingham, Evan and Janet. Garbage! : Where It Comes From, Where It Goes. Simon &
Schuster Inc., 1990.
Murphey, Pamela. The Garbage Primer. Lyons & Burford, 1993.
Chris Cavette

Chapter 3
METHODOLOGY

Automated Garbage Collector used a block diagram to present its model. It will
also serve as the layout of the researchers relentless pursuit to succeed in this endeavor.

ANDROID PHONE

BLUETOOTH SHIELD

Table 1.0 Conceptual Framework Miniature Automated


Garbage Collector
Research Paradigm

Table 3.3 Research Paradigm

Method of Research
The researchers will be gathering some information and data with the aid of the
following methods:

Internet
Internet is a modern type of acquiring information. Websites can provide journals,
magazines and statistics to give further concepts and wide understanding about the study.
The researchers will use this data gathering technique because of convenient and fastest
way of providing information.

Research Method
Research and Development is used as the research method as it is a type of
research which responds to a particular crisis or problem of the society by improving the
technology as the alternative key.

Chapter 4

TESTING ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION OF DATA

In this chapter, analysis and interpretation of data were presented. The data below
shows the result from the series of test run by the researchers and the information about
the device.
About the Device
The device uses a robotic arm to carry the trash bins as the arm programmed by
microcontroller. It allows three major sequences, first is the automatic dumping of trash
bin according to its position and location, second is by using a color sensor to detect the
color of the trash bin and locate its designated compartment and third is manual control;
it moves the arm freely as the person in charge intend to control the arm manually. The
Arm consist of several components, the Microcontroller, Bluetooth module, Servo driver
and Color sensor. The Microcontroller serves as the brain of the robotic arm; it dictates
the movement of every component parts of the system. Bluetooth module is used for
wireless communication of the controller and arm. The controller uses a smart phone
application to control the arm and sensor. Next is the Servo driver; it is a special
electronic amplifier. A servo drive monitors the feedback signal from the
servomechanism and continually adjusts for deviation from expected behavior of the arm.
Lastly is the color sensor, the light sensor works by shining a white light at an object and
then recording the reflected color. It can also record the intensity of the reflection.
Through red, green and blue color filters the photodiode converts the amount of light to

current. The converter then converts the current to voltage which our microcontroller can
read.
Test Result
On the first major sequence about automatic dumping of trash bin according to its
position and location does not cause any problem, it works almost 100% of the test done
by the researchers while the second major sequences takes the problem, the sensor does
not work properly most of the time because of its sensitivity to external light, thus
affecting the performance of the color sensor, it takes 50% chances for Red to detect,
40% chances for the Green to detect and 40% chances for Blue to detect. Lastly is the
manual control; works properly with no issue created while testing the prototype.
Interpretation of Data
We cannot measure the length of working time per day on the actual Automated
Garbage Collector because our main concern is creating only a miniature to discuss about
its program and sequences. If ever be the Automated Garbage Collector implemented, the
garbage truck will handle the task of collection and the segregation of the garbage as it is
stored in separate containers.
Analysis of Data
The data above shows that the device was working as the way the researchers
want it. As a whole, the device was working properly after some series of testing and

revisions for the device except for the color sensor that causes some problem. The above
data justified the reliability of the device.

Chapter 5
SUMMARY, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION
Summary and Conclusion
This study has achieved its objective and provides a system that could segregate
wastes and collect them much faster and organized. The Proposing device can illustrate
the technology and program to attain the objectives. It is developed with the use of
creating a miniature showing an articulated arm that controlled by android device. The
Arm functions as the collector of garbage. The color coding as to be implemented uses
blue trash bin for recyclables, red trash bin for non-biodegradable, green trash bin for
biodegradable. The truck composed of three compartments which designates the trash
bins according to its color. The first sequence collect the trash bins automatically to its
designated point while the second uses a color sensor to detect the color and transfer the
garbage in the trash bins to the compartments and third is manually operated. The main
advantage of this project is that the progress of the system of collecting garbage and most
importantly, the proper segregation of wastes. Through this research, it gives a better idea
of how to collect garbage faster.
Recommendations for Improving this Study
These are some recommendations for improving the miniature to improve this
study:

1. The use of photoelectric sensor can check for presence color, distance, size, shape,
and many more targets attributes. They can perform these functions at longer
distances than other sensing methods while providing numerous mounting options
and flexibility.

2.

Providing a remote control truck mounted the arm and miniature residential
compound to visualize the exact collection of garbage.

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