Substation Automation Products

Transformer protection RET670

Overexcitation protection

1MRG019263

Chapter 07

Contents

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 2

Application

Operating characteristics

Logical diagram

Settings

Monitored data

Application overexcitation protection function

Chapter 07

The overexcitation is not an internal transformer

fault, although it can lead to one

The peak flux density Bmax is directly proportional

to induced voltage E, and inversely proportional to
frequency f, turns n and area A
E = 4.44 f n Bmax A

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 3

Overexcitation results from excessive voltage or

below-normal frequency or a combination of the
two, such that the volts/Hz exceed rated
values

Overexcitation of a transformer can occur whenever

the ratio of the pu voltage to pu frequency (V/Hz)
exceeds its rating of 1.05 pu on transformer base at
full load or 1.1 pu at no load

Overexcitation of power transformers

Application

Overexcitation will cause

overheating

increase in magnetizing
currents

increase in vibration and

noise

IEC 60076-1

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 4

Chapter 07

Continuously 10% above rated

voltage at no load and rated
frequency

Overexcitation protection function

Application

The function is measuring the terminal voltage and current. It uses the
fundamental frequency components.

Calculates the relative Volts per Hertz ratio.

Two operate characteristics (IEEE / Taylor made)

Operating range:

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 5

Uph-ph > 70% of rated value (if below, the algorithm is not calculating the
overexcitation) and

33< f <60 Hz in 50 Hz system or 42< f <75 Hz in 60 Hz system

Binary inputs to

empty heat content

block the function

Chapter 07

Overexcitation protection function

Application

24

Number of instances: < 2

Analog measurements must not be taken from a

winding where OLTC is located

Measures input voltage

U/f>

OEX PVPH
Y

SMAI

SMAI

Single phase-to-phase voltage or three

phase voltage (positive sequence)

Calculates the induced voltage E if the

leakage reactance (and current) is known

otherwise the terminal voltage is used

SMAI

24

U/f>

Y
Y

OEX PVPH

SMAI
Y
Y

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 6

Chapter 07

SMAI

24

U/f>

OEX PVPH

The current measurement should have the same

component selection as voltage (positive
sequence or delta current)

Overexcitation protection function

Operating characteristics

Chapter 07

Delay
tMax

The relative excitation M (relative V/Hz) is

expressed as:

If M < V/Hz> then the transformer is not

overexcited (< 1.0)

harmful

under excitation

overexcitation

tMin
0
M=V/Hz>
V/Hz>

V/Hz>: the maximum continuously allowed

no-load voltage at rated frequency, set as
a % of UBase/fr (default: 110 %)

Mmax - V/Hz> Overexcitation M-V/Hz>

V/Hz>>
Emax

Excitation M
E (only if f = fr = const)

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 7

The relative overexcitation is thus defined

Overexcitation protection function

Operating characteristics IEEE curve

Delay

Chapter 07

Operate characteristic

tMax: Maximum cut-off operate time at low

degree of overexcitation

tMax

inverse delay
under excitation

overexcitation

tMin
0
M=V/Hz>
V/Hz>

Mmax - V/Hz> Overexcitation M-V/Hz>

V/Hz>>
Emax

Excitation M

tMin: Minimum cut-off operate time at high

degree of overexcitation

E (only if f = fr = const)

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 8

Beyond M = V/Hz>> the operate time

will always be tMin

Overexcitation protection function

Operating characteristics Tailor made curve

Delay

The interval between M = V/Hz> and

M = V/Hz>> is automatically divided into
5 equal subintervals

6 operating time points has to be defined

Straight line between the points to

calculate operating time

tMax: Maximum cut-off operate time

tMin: Minimum cut-off operate time

tMax

underexcitation

overexcitation

tMin

Overexcitation M-Emaxcont
0

V/Hz>

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 9

Mmax - Emaxcont Excitation M

V/Hz>>

Chapter 07

Beyond M = V/Hz>> the operate time

will always be tMin

Chapter 07

Cooling and alarm

Operating characteristics
Delay
tMax

Overexcitation causes overheating

An exponential cooling feature is

implemented

harmful

under excitation

overexcitation

tMin
0
M=V/Hz>
V/Hz>

tCooling: Time constant (default setting

1200 seconds (20 minutes))

Alarm

Mmax - V/Hz> Overexcitation M-V/Hz>

V/Hz>>
Emax

Excitation M
E (only if f = fr = const)

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 10

i.e. shorter operating time if the transformer

has been exposed for overexcitation before
and not yet reached normal temperature

Per cent of operate level (heat content,

THERMSTA)

Time delay

Reset input to clear heat content

Chapter 07

Overexcitation protection function

Simplified logical diagram
BLOCK
AlarmLevel

RESET

Heat
content

t
V/Hz>

Calculation
of internal
induced
voltage Ei

I3P

Xleak

Ei

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 11

t>tMin

&

TRIP

IEEE

M
Tailor-made
M>V/Hz>>

V/Hz>>

ALARM

tMin
k

M=
(Ei / f)
(Ur / fr)

&

tAlarm

M>V/Hz>

tCooling

U3P

t>tAlarm

t
tMax

&

START

Chapter 07

Overexcitation protection function settings

Overview

First instance of
OEX PVPH

Advanced
settings

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 12

Overexcitation protection function settings

General

Chapter 07

Voltage and current selection:

ph-ph or positive sequence
NB: MeasusedU and
MesururedI must be set to the
same value (ILxILy is calculated
internally)

Operation On/Off
Base values
Leakage reactance of adjacent
winding
Trip pulse length
Alarm in % of operate level
(9000 s ~ 2,5 h)

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 13

Overexcitation protection function settings

Characteristic

Chapter 07

Base values
Operate level:
- No load and rated frequency
- High level where tMin is used
Trip delay:
- Minimum
- Maximum
Core cooling time constant
Characteristic IEEE/Tailor made
IEEE curve

Tailor made curve

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 14

Chapter 07

Monitored data

ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 15

Test/Functions status/Voltage
protection/overexcitation
(PVPH,24)

Trip

Start

Alarm

TMTOTRIP Calculated time to

trip (s)

VPERHZ V/Hz (pu)

THERMSTA Thermal status in

% of trip level

Chapter 07

Monitored data
Time

THERMSTA <100%

tMax
TMTOTRIP=tMax s
THERMSTA >100% (if no trip)

THERMSTA=100% and TMTOTRIP=0

THERMSTA <100%
TMTOTRIP

tMin
Under
excitation
ABB Group
September 10, 2015 | Slide 16

V/Hz>
VPERHZ=1.100

Over
excitation

V/Hz>>

Chapter 07

ABB
SA-TGroup
Training
September 10, 2015 | Slide 17

SA-T Training