GOOD TO KNOW

PRESENT CONTINUOUS: Unele verbe nu pot fi utilizate in Pr.Continuous (like, want,

have, need), ex: DA I need to talk to you now. NU: Im needing to talk to you now.
Past Continuous: se utilizeaza pt. a descrie o actiune in progress la un anumit moment in
trecut si trebuie sa fie urmat de o actiune scurta. Ex: He met his wife when he was working in
Japan. Cind eu am ajuns ei luase cina deja.
O actiune scurta in
O actiune lunga in
At six oclock last night I was driving home.
trecut (Past Simple)
trecut (Past
When you called me, I was talking to my boss.
On April 1st I was staying with some friends in the country.
PAST SIMPLE
PAST CONTINUOUS
- se foloseste pentru actiuni din trecut
- Folosim pt o actiune din trecut, care a fost
terminate.
intrerupta de o alta actiune scurta (in Past
I saw the film yesterday.
Simple). Ex: While I was drinking my coffee,
- si actiuni repetate in trecut.
the phone rang.
She came home, switched on the computer and - actiuni care au avut loc in acelasi timp. Ex:
checked her e-mails.
Simon was playing on the computer while his
- folosim: last night, yesterday, a month ago brother was watching TV.
Nota: Verbe care nu pot fi folosite la Continuu: be, cost, fit, mean, suit, belong, have, feel, hear,
see, smell, taste, touch, hate, hope, like, love, prefer, regret, want, wish, believe, know, think, understand,
answer, ask, reply, say

Questions without auxiliary: nu folosim verbe auxiliare la intrebari (do, did, does, is, was, are):
- daca question word (who, which, what) este subiectul,
- daca avem verbele modale (can, should, will, may, must).
- cu verbul to be.
Timpuri cu tent de viitor (exceptii de la regulile generale)
Future Simple
- Decizii de viitor pe care le
luam instantaneu in momentul
vorbirii (smth that not
planed)
-Ca reacie la unele situaii
ex: Its cold, Ill light the fire.

To be going to
- ceva ce avem de gind, dar nu
stim sigur ca se va intampla
(intention; predictions)
- se refera doar la o singura
persoana;
- nu este specificat locul,
timpul exact;
- cind punem o intrebare cu to
be going to => nu stim
intentiile persoanei pe care o
intrebam
-desire;I only want to do smth.

Present Continuous
- ceva planificat 100%, in care
sunt implicate mai multe
personae, iar daca o sa anulam
acea actiune nu o sa fie bine
de exemplu o nunta
(arrangement);
- este indicat locul si timpul
exact;
- se folosesc expresii (tonight,
tomorrow, this weekend, this
evening, etc.impreuna cu vb.
go, come, see, leave si arrive)
-se foloseste cind actiunea are
loc in momentul vorbirii.
Vb:agree, be, believe, belong,
depend, like, want, mean,

need, etc.nu pot fi folosite in

pr.continuous.

FUTURE SIMPLE:
pentru decizii luate instant ex: I wont have the fish, Ill have the steak. sau Well take the 6,30 train.
pentru oferte (a oferi ajutor): Ill help you with your homework. sau Shall I open the window?
pentru promisiuni: Ill always love you. sau I wont tell anyone your secret.
Nota: Folosim Shall I? sau Shall we?, cind ajutorul pe care vrem sa-l oferim este intrebare.
Ex: Shall I pay? Shall I help you? Shall we call you tonight at 7 pm?
PAST SIMPLE

PRESENT PERFECT

- este specificat timpul exact (at

10 oclock, in 1991, on Monday,
2 days ago etc.)
- are conexiune cu trecutul (last
month, last week, yesterday, this
morning 13:00 etc) ex:
I broke my leg last year (stim
cand, nu mai are relevanta, nu
are legatura cu prezentul)
- ago, last, when
- cind vb despre o persoana care
nu mai este in viata
- How long si for se foloseste si
pt Past Simple pt a vb despre
actiuni finisate in trecut.
How long was he married? He
was married for two years. (deja
nu mai este casatorit)

- actiuni din trecut, dar nu e

specificat timpul.
- actiune incheiata in trecut
dar care are consecinte in
prezent, este legata de prezent,
se vad ceva rezultate in present
ex: I have broken my leg.(in
trecut (nu stim timpu), dar are
consecinte acum nu pot sa
merg, ma doare);
- este timp nedefinit: these
days, this week, this year,
today, ever, never, already, just,
yet, etc.
- cind vb despre personae care
sunt in viata
- for/since pt a spune despre
actiuni care au inceput in trecut
si sunt si acum adevarate si
How long in intrebari (ex.How
long have you been married.
Ive been married for 3 years.)

PRESENT PERFECT
CONTINUOUS
have/has been+verb+-ing
-pentru aciuni care au
nceput n trecut, dar
continu i acum.
ex:Ive been studying
English for 3 years.
-folosim for/since cu
action verbs (learn,go,etc.)
iar cu non-action
vb.folosim cu Present
Perfect (know,be,hear,etc.)
-pt live si work putem
folosi ambele timpuri
-indirect result
ex: Your eyes are red, have
you been crying? No, Ive
been cutting onions.
-pt actiuni recente.

VERBS+infinitive
- after adjectives;
- to express a reason
- for purpouse (explicatie, de ce vrem sa
facem ceva?)
- after some verbs (agree, allow, can/cant
afford, choose, decide, encourage, expect,
forget, help, hope, learn, manage, mean,

need, offer, plan, play*, pretend, promise,

refuse, remember*, seem, start, teach, try*,
want, would like);
Nota: La negative folosim not to (ex. I
decided not to go, not being.)

folosim infinitive (fara to):

- dupa verbele modale si verbele aux. (must
hurry)
- dupa make si let (let me go, makes me
laugh)

bkjgv
hvhj

VERBS+ing
- as the subject in a sentence (smoking, reading, eating etc);
- after prepositions (without saying);
- after some verbs (avoid, enjoy, finish, give up, mind, practise, go on, hate, (dis)like, love,
(dont) mind, spend(time), start*, stop, suggest, give up, go on)
PREPOSITIONS

in folosim pentru countries and cities, rooms (in the kitchen), buildings(shop, museum),
closed spaces (park, garden, car), anotimpuri(in spring), months (May, April), years (2005),
times of day (in the morning, afternoon, evening (not night)).

on folosim pentru transport (bike, bus, train, plane, ship(nava)), suprafete (the floor, table,
shelf(raft), balcony, roof(acoperis),wall), dates (May 1st , 2nd), days(Monday, Tuesday,
Wednesday, Thursday, Friday, Saturday, Sunday).

at folosim pentru locuri (school, home, work, university, the airport, the station, bus stop,
party, door), ora (6 oclock, half past 2, 7.45), sarbatori (Christmas, Easter), night, the weekend.
PREPOSITIONS OF MOVEMENT
across (a trece peste drum, de partea cealalta), along (de-a lungul), down the steps(a cobori, a
pasi), into (a intra, a merge in), out of (a iesi din), over (deasupra hainelor, peste pod, mai mult
decit), past (pe linga, ultimii, trecut de ora 6), (a)round (in jurul), towards (spre, intr-o anumita
directie), through (prin), under (dedesubt, sub), up (a urca).
NOTA: Into/out of + noun(into the living room, out of the house).
in/out without nouns (ex. Come in. He went out.)
PASSIVE VOICE: be+past participle(ed)
- folosim cind se pune accent pe actiune si nu e important sau nu se stie cine a facut-o.
ex. My bike was stolen. A mistake was made. The Eiffel Tower was built in 1889.
- obiectul devine subiectul. Piccaso painted Guernica. Guernica was painted by Piccaso.
- se schimba forma timpurilor. Ex: to be+ vb. to write
Present simple is/are/am written
Present Continuous is/am/are being written
Past Simple was written
Past Continuous was/were being written
Present Perfect has/have been written
Past Perfect had been written
Future Simple will be written
Modal verbs can be written
Conditional I will be written
Conditional II would be written
QUANTIFIERS
too much uncountable nouns (coffee, time, money, food, water, energy, salt, sugar);
too many countable nouns (books, cars, cakes, people, children, flights, shops, libraries);
too + adjective (too tired, too happy, too relaxed);

enough before (un)countable nouns (enough water, time, plates)

enough after adjectives (big enough);
a little(putin dar suficient) uncountable nouns (coffee, money, meat, patience, equipment)
little=very little (ft putin) unc. nouns (meat, food, water, sugar, salt, coffee)
a lot (of) foarte mult
a few(putin dar suficient) countable nouns (bananas, friends, questions, tables, cars, people);
few=very few (ft putin) countable. nouns (bananas, friends, questions, tables, books, cakes)
plenty of sufficient sau mai mult
WORD ORDER OF PHRASAL VERBS
NEVER SEPARATED
ask for a comanda la restaurant
be over a se termina
bump into a da nas in nas cu cineva, a ciocni
call on a visita, a invita sa recite
calm down a se calma
check in a se inregistra
come back a se intoarce
come in a intra
eat out a minca in oras
get on with a se intelege cu
get up a se scula/ridica
give away a da gratis
go away a pleca
go back a reveni
go out a iesi
hung up a inchide telefonul
hurry up a se grabi
look after a avea grija de
look for a cauta
look forward to a astepta cu nerabdare
look like/resembles a semana cu
look out fii atent
make into a devein, a transforma
pass away a muri
sit down stai jos
slow down a incetini
stand up ridica-te
stay up a sta treaz, a nu dormi
wake up a se trezi
warm up a se inviora

CAN BE SEPARATED
bring up a educa, a creste
bring out a scoate in evident, a publica
call back a suna inapoi
call off a anula
cheer up a inveseli
close up inchis temporar
cut out a elimina
do up a incheia nasturii
dress up a se imbraca
fill in a completa
find out a descoperi, a dori sa afle
give back a inapoia, a intoarce
give out a distribui, a anunta
give up a renunta
look up a cauta in dictionary
make out a auzi, a intelege
make up a inventa ceva
pay back a intoarce bani inapoi
pick up a ridica de jos
put away a strange hainele, a economisi
put on a se imbraca
set up a initia, a incepe o afacere
sort out a solutiona, a rezolva
take back a duce inapoi la magazin
take off a se dezbraca, a scoate
take out a extrage, a scoate bani
take up a bea
throw away a arunca pe jos
try on a proba hainele
turn down a micsora volumul
turn off a deconecta
turn on a conecta
turn up a mari volumul
write down a face insemnari, a nota

Nota: Daca obiectul unui verb frazal este pronume, acesta trece mereu intre verb si prepozitie;
Daca e substantive, atunci acesta poate fi pus atit dupa vb.frazal, cit si intre vb si prepozitie.
PAST PERFECT had+past participle (-ed)
- pt a exprima o actiune trecuta, incheiata inaintea altei actiuni trecute sau a unui moment trecut;
- prima actiune desfasurata cronologic se pune cu Past Perfect; urmatoarea actiune desfasurata
cronologic se pune cu Past Simple;
- expresii (by, by the time, until, before)
Ex: When his sister arrived, he had already eaten. (Cind sora lui a ajuns el mincase deja.)
I arrived at the coffee bar 20 minutes late and my friends had already gone.
I didnt recognize Maria because she had cut her hair.
REPORTED SPEECH
- pt a spune ce au spus alte personae, a povesti.
- backshifting (schimbam toate timpurile):
Pr.Simple Past Simple
Pr.Continuous Past Continuous
Pr.Perfect Past Perfect
Past Simple Past Perfect
Past Continuous Past Perfect Continuous (had been walking)
Past Perfect Past Perfect
1st Conditional 2nd Conditional
2nd and 3rd Conditional 2nd and 3rd Conditional
will would
would would
can could
could could
may might
shall would
should should
must must
- Questions become statements;
- Change the pronouns (IIIrd person);
- Schimbam timpul(momentele):
tomorrow the next day, the following day;
yesterday a day before, previous day;
ago before;
now at the moment.
TELL AND SAY
dupa tell(told) de fiecare data este o persoana (told me, him, her, us, my mothers, etc)
dupa say(said) de fiecare data este that si nu trebuie sa fie un obiect sau un pronume