Coal boiler exhaust gas flows

Watson coal
Feedrate
4.87525
Heat value
20.04
Heat flow
97.7
Moisture
26.9%
1.3114
Ash
4.1%
0.1999
C
49.0%
2.3889
H
3.7%
0.1804
N
0.8%
0.0390
S
0.2%
0.0093
O
15.4%
0.7508
Cl
0.0%
0.0001
P
0.0%
0.0001
1.00094
CO2 emmission rate

89.84773 Kg/Gj

Combust.
Air
(Kg/sec)
37.4931

119.00 MW

Power Out =

119.01 MW
82.19%

17.55 tonnes/hr
28.6 MW

Stoich air
% Excess
Actual air
Total ash
Bottom ash
Fly ash

30.48
23.00%
37.49
30.99
0.200
0.1799
0.1499

OUTLET GAS
CO2
H2O
N2
O2
SO2

kg/sec
kg/sec
m3/sec
kg/sec
tonnes/hr
kg/sec

42.15

Urea injection at mole ratio

and steam injection rate of
Urea usage
0.028
Added H2O
0.277
0.75876446
Feedwater
Rate
(t/hr)
108.85

Air
Comb. Heat Input Feed H2O
Cp
Air Temp From Air
Heat input
kj/(kg K)
(C)
(MW)
(MW)
1.0035
20
0.169
21.14

Power In =

Boiler Eff. =

Normal O2 level (wet)

Kg/sec
Mj/Kg
Mw
Kg/sec
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"

Superheated
Steam Enthalpy
462 C, 42.5 bar
(kj/kg)
3354.6

Enthalpy of
164 C Water
(kj/kg)
699
Heat Input
from Coal
(MW)
97.7

7/10/98

0.7
0.5%
kg/sec
kg/sec
steam Tonnes/hr

Latent heat
15.5C vapor
(MW)
7.90
Boiler
Steam
Out (MW)
101.43

Flue
Gas
(kg/sec)
42.4589

Percent
Control

Pollutant

50%
99%

NOx
SO2
PM

Notes:
1. Input values are shaded in yellow. Heat value (HHV) and composition come from coal ultimate analysis. Heat flow rate is de
If mass flow of coal is desired basis, heat flow can be adjusted untill the correct mass flow is obtained. The primary adjustmen
Stack gas temperature is set but only within a narrow range of known performance. The feedwater flow rate is adjusted to bala
2. Bottom ash is assumed to be 25% of total ash. Incoming coal is assumed to have 0 enthalpy. Ash is referenced to 0 C.
3. Actual NOx emissions are calculated from source test data.

4. Stack is assumed to be 1.9 m diameter.

Normal O2 level (wet)

3.2%-5%

Stack
Concentration
mg/m3
Cp (kJ/kgC@5%O2 tonnes/day
0.9075
1.908
1.012
0.91
0.646
314.76
0.87
1.054
35.75

OUTLET GAS
mass flow
Mw
moles
vol %
8.7781
44
0.1995
13.7%
3.2105
18
0.1784
12.2%
28.8337
28
1.0298
70.6%
1.6265
32
0.0508
3.5%
0.0100508
64
0.0002
0.0%
42.4589 kg/sec
1.4586
for stack temp
143 oC
specific vol
1.175 m3/Kg
Note - SO2 corrected for ash retention of S
density
0.851 Kg/m3
StackFlowrate
49.884 m3/sec
+ 5% inleakage 52.37818
Stack velocity
18.47 m/sec
steam Tonnes/hr
Latent heat
15.5C vapor

31.45 m3/sec at 5% O2 Oc

Sensible heat
Coal
Bottom ash Fly ash
(MW)
(MW)
(MW)
0
0.0339
0.0149
Flue Gas
Cp
kj/(kg K)
1.0542
Actual
Emissions
g/s
#VALUE!
9.9005
1.1244

Flue Gas Flue Gas Radiation Radiation

Temp Heat Output Loss
Loss
(C)
(MW)
Fract.
(MW)
143
13.608 0.033
3.927
Allowed
Emissions
g/s
58.0903
28.3091
1.5727

Allowed
Emissions
mg/m3 @ 5%O2
1846.8
900.0
50.0

mate analysis. Heat flow rate is desired size of boiler in energy terms.
obtained. The primary adjustments are the feedwater flow rate and excess air.
water flow rate is adjusted to balance the power in to power out.
lpy. Ash is referenced to 0 C.

MSW exhaust gas flows

USA average
Gross feedrate
Gross heat value
%C in ash
Net Heat value
Net Heat flow
Moisture
27.4%
Noncomb
23.2%
C
26.3%
H
3.5%
N
0.7%
S
0.2%
O
18.1%
Cl
0.5%

CO2 emission rate

3.82 Kg/sec
13.76 tonnes/hr
9.93 HHV
5.0%
9.422
36
1.0469
1.0469
0.8864
0.9781
1.0049
0.9560
0.1337
0.1272
0.0267
0.0254
0.0076
0.0073
0.6916
0.6579
0.0191
0.0182
(input)
(burned)

Superheated
Steam Enthalpy
462 C, 42.5 bar
(kj/kg)
3354.6

Stoich air
% Excess
Actual air

12.57
55.00%
19.48
16.24
Total ash
0.978
Bottom ash
3.380
Fly ash
0.039
Total ash
26%
Urea injection at mole ratio
and steam injection rate of
Urea usage
0.002
Added H2O
0.116
0.40

42.37 MW

Power Out =

42.37 MW
60.96%

Kg/sec
Kg/sec
m3/sec
kg/sec
tonnes/hr
kg/sec
of MSW
0.5
0.5%
kg/sec
kg/sec
steam Tonnes/hr

Feedwater
Rate
(t/hr)
30.08

Combust.
Air
Comb. Heat Input Feed H2O
Air
Cp
Air Temp From Air Int. energy
(Kg/sec) kj/(kg K)
(C)
(MW)
(MW)
19.4846
1.0035
30
0.284
6.08

Power In =

Boiler Eff. =

Mj/kg
Mw
kg/sec
"
"
"
"
"
"
"
"

92.41749 Kg/Gj

Enthalpy of
172 C Water
(kj/kg)
728
Heat Input
from MSW
(MW)
36

Factor
0.0511689

Boiler
Steam
Out (MW)
28.03

Furnace
Exit Temp
(C)
1054.54
Percent
Control
40%
89%
91%
95%

Notes:
1. Input values are shaded in yellow. Gross heat value (HHV) and composition come from MSW ultimate analysis. Net heat flo
If mass flow of MSW is desired basis, this number can be adjusted untill the correct mass flow is obtained. The primary adjust
Stack gas temperature and boiler exit temperature are set but only within a narrow range of known performance specification f

temperature is the primary target for the feed water rate adjustment. The furnace exit temperature is the primary target of the e
bottom ash can be set and this will calculate a gross feed rate of MSW such that the target heat flow is obtained from this MSW
of the unburned fuel to the burned fuel. Then 1+ the factor times the burned fuel is the total fuel. The net heating value can be
to evaporate the water in the unburned fuel and to heat the unburned fuel to ash temperatures. The ratio factor can be used to
temperature can be set within reason. Stack gas is raised to 16% moisture by injection of water into combustion chamber.
2. Bottom ash is assumed to be 96% of total ash, i.e. noncombustibles plus unburned MSW. Incoming MSW is assumed to ha
3. Actual NOx emissions are calculated from the AP-42 factor for mass burn refractory wall incinerators
4. Stack is assumed to be 1.3 m diameter.

Normal O2 level (wet)

OUTLET GAS
mass flow
CO2
3.5065
H2O
2.3007
N2
14.9896
O2
1.6040
SO2
0.0145
HCl
0.0187
22.32
22.4153
for stack temp
specific vol
density
StackFlowrate
+3% inleakage
Stack velocity
steam Tonnes/hr
Latent heat
0C Vapor
(MW)
5.662
Flue
Gas
(kg/sec)
22.4153

Flue Gas
Cp
kj/(kg K)
1.1072

Pollutant

Actual
Emissions
g/s
2.8198
1.5994
1.6815
1.9563

NOx
SO2
HCl
PM

4%-10%
Mw
44
18
28
32
64
36.5
0.793713
170
1.290
0.775
28.906
29.77346
22.43

moles
0.0797
0.1278
0.5353
0.0501
0.0002
0.0005
0.7937
oC
m3/Kg
Kg/m3
m3/sec

Cp (kJ/kgC)
vol %
at 600 C at 100 C
10.0%
1.155
0.947
16.1%
1.703
1.88
67.4%
1.094
1.027
6.3%
1.109
1.094
0.0%
0.747
0.625
0.1%
0.852
0.804
1.167607 1.10724
for boiler exit temp
190 oC
humidification reqd to
16%
hum water required
0 kg/sec
13.68991 Ndm3/sec
0.005 kg C/sec for Hg control

m/sec

Sensible Heat
Boiler
Boiler
Bottom Ash Fly Ash Radiation Radiation
(MW)
(MW)
Loss
Loss
0.522797 0.004715 2.00%
0.466
Furnace Furnace
Flue Gas Flue Gas Latent Radiation Radiation
Temp
Output
Heat
Loss
Loss
(C)
(MW)
(MW)
Fract.
(MW)
192.5251
10.440
5.662 8.00%
2.903
Allowed
Emissions
g/s
4.1070
1.3690
1.7523
0.2738

Allowed
Emissions
mg/m3 @ 5%O2
300.0
100.0
80.0
20.0

W ultimate analysis. Net heat flow rate is desired size of boiler in energy terms.
w is obtained. The primary adjustments are the steam flow rate and the excess air.
nown performance specification for the dry sorbent injection. The flue gas

ature is the primary target of the excess air adjustment. The expected carbon in the
eat flow is obtained from this MSW. A factor is calculated (E4) which is the ratio
el. The net heating value can be calculated by subtracting the energy required
s. The ratio factor can be used to make this calculation. The combustion air
er into combustion chamber.
Incoming MSW is assumed to have 0 enthalpy. Ash is referenced to 0 C.