GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC SOCIALIST

REPUBLIC OF SRI LANKA

MINISTRY OF URBAN DEVELOPMENT, WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE

AUGMENTATION AND REHABILITATION OF KANDY MUNICIPAL

WATER SUPPLY SCHEME
STRATEGIC CITIES DEVELOPMENT PROJECT

INCEPTION REPORT
September 2015

CONSULTANCY SERVICES FOR DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION

SUPERVISION
NATIONAL WATER SUPPLY AND DRAINAGE

August,

TABLE OF CONTENT

1.

INTRODUCTION..............................................................................................2

1.1.

Objective of the inception report.......................................................................................

1.2.

Terms of References (TOR)..............................................................................................

1.3.

Objective of the Consultancy............................................................................................

1.4. a The main components identified for the consultancy.......................................................

1.4. b Additional Work Instructed by the Client.........................................................................
1.5.

Scope of the work..............................................................................................................

2.

PROJECT BACKGROUND.............................................................................7

2.1.

Introduction.......................................................................................................................

2.2.

Background to the Kandy municipal water supply scheme..............................................

2.3.

Breakdown of Activities Under the Project.......................................................................

2.4.

Additional Work Items

3.

3.1.

D- Design C- Construction...............................................10

DESCRIPTION OF APPROACH, METHODOLOGY.............................122

Gatambe Intake and Treatment Plant............................................................................12

3.1.1.

Gatambe Intake Existing condition..................................................................133

3.1.2.

Raw Water Pumping Main Existing condition.................................................144

3.1.3.

Gatambe Water Treatment Plant Existing condition........................................144

3.1.4.

Present Status and Assessment...........................................................................17

3.2.

Dunumadalawa Treatment Plant...................................................................................21

3.2.1.

Introduction......................................................................................................211

3.2.2.

Scope................................................................................................................211

3.2.3.

Existing treatment facility and capacities......................................................222

3.2.4.

Selection of Treatment Processes.....................................................................255

3.2.5.

Design Considerations & Proposed improvements........................................266

3.3.

NRW PACKAGE............................................................................................................

3.3.1.

Introduction........................................................................................................28

3.3.2.

Scope..................................................................................................................28

3.3.3.

Existing Distribution System.............................................................................28

3.3.4.

Identified Causes for NRW................................................................................29

3.3.5.

Work Identified under NRW Package and methodology...................................29

3.3.6.

Expected Outcome of NRW Package.................................................................32

1

4.

WORK PROGRAM AND PERSONNEL SCHEDULE.............................344

4.1.

Work Program...............................................................................................................34

4.2.

Personnel Resources......................................................................................................34

List of Figures
Figure 1- Intake chamber.............................................................................................................13
Figure 2- Intake Well..................................................................................................................13
Figure 3- Cascaded Aerator.........................................................................................................14
Figure 4- Flush Mixing Unit........................................................................................................15
Figure 5- Sedimentation Basin....................................................................................................15
Figure 6- Pulsator Unit................................................................................................................16
Figure 7- Rapid Sand Filter.........................................................................................................16
Figure 8- Dunumadalawa Treatment Plant..................................................................................21
Figure 9- Existing Sedimentation Tank.......................................................................................22
Figure 10- Existing Chemical Feeding System...........................................................................23
Figure 11- Existing Filter Units...................................................................................................23
Figure 12- Existing Disinfection System.....................................................................................24
Figure 13-Figure 0 5- Existing Backwash Pump and Air Blowers.............................................24
Figure 14- Flow Diagram: Stages of proposed Treatment Process............................................25
Figure 15- Available Land for Proposed Aerator and Flloculatot7
List of Table
Table 1-1- Scope as per TOR3,4
Table 2-1- Breakdown of Activities.................................................................................................
Table 2-2- Details of Additional Works.......................................................................................10
Table 3-1- Work Identified at the Intake Site............................................................................17,18
Table 3-2- Work Identified at the Gatambe Water Treatment Plant..........................................19,20
Annexes
Annex 01: Terms of References (TOR)
Annex 02: Bulk Meter Location Map
Annex 03: Work Schedule
Annex 04: Personal Schedule
Annex 05: Organizational

CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION

1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Objective of the Inception Report
The objective of this inception report is to overview the implementation of this project for
successful completion. The report is provided just faithfully following the requirements in the
Terms of References (TOR). However, we also will suggest and comments in this report for the
TOR, based on our past experiences and on actual fact findings in pre-construction stage.
Prime purpose of this report is to complete the Project, Design and Construction stage for
satisfaction of our client in all expected aspects.
1.2 Terms of References (TOR)
TOR includes clauses as itemized below,
1. Background
2. Objective of the Consultancy
3. The main component identified for the Consultancy
4. Scope of the work
5. The task to be carried out by the Consultant
6. Reporting responsibilities
7. Client responsibilities
Complete version of the TOR abstracted from the contract document is attached in Annex -1 at
the end of this report.
1.3 Objective of the Consultancy
The primary objective of the consultancy service stipulated in TOR is summarized below,
a) To provide technical services for the augmentation and rehabilitation of Kandy
Municipal water supply infrastructure by leading the preliminary investigations,
conceptual and detailed designs, preparation of BOQs, construction supervision and
contract administration functions
b) To provide advisory services to enhance the operational efficiency of the delivery
infrastructure and administrative functions of the water supply department of the Kandy
Municipal Council.
c) To perform the additional work instructed by the client.

1.4 a) The Main Components Identified for the Consultancy as per TOR.
The Consultant shall provide design and construction supervision services for the following
activities that had been identified to be implemented under this project.
1.1-

Scope of work as per TOR

Proposed Components
(Sub projects)
1. Gatambe Intake

I.
II.
III.
IV.

2. Gatambe
Treatment Plant

V.
I.
II.
III.
IV.

V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
3.

Dunumadalawa
Treatment Plant

I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.

4.

Storage

I.

Brief Description works

Study existing intake condition
Consideration to raise existing weir at intake to
cater Water demand in dry weather period
Improvements to the Grit Chamber
Rehabilitate/ Replace intake pumps and the
associated electromechanical systems
Hydraulic analysis of the pumping main
Check for current distribution water quality
Study existing treatment plant components their
efficiency
Check daily production of the plant and maximum
capacity of the plant.
Improve the intake capacity by doing
modifications to intake well or constructing an
additional siphon.
Rehabilitate the aerator and / or introduce
additional aerator
Review the coagulation system and replace if
necessary
Upgrade efficiency of sedimentation, introduce
plate settlers or consider other means if necessary.
Rehabilitate, replace pulsators to increase
Rehabilitate filters to increase filter efficiency
Rehabilitate or replace pumps and the associated
electro meachanical systems
Rehabilitation of the surge vessel and valves as
necessary
Check for current distribution water quality
Study existing treatment plant components and
their efficiency
Check for adequacy of the system
Review the coagulation system and replace if
necessary
Rehabilitate (or introduce new) filters to increase
filter efficiency
Study existing distribution network condition and
3

reservoirs
distribution
system

and
II.

III.

5.

Reduction
NRW

of

IV.
I.
II.

III.
IV.
6.

Reduction
of
NRW
non-structural

V.
VI.
VII.

7.

Institutional
Support Package

I.
II.

III.
IV.
V.

VI.
VII.

efficiency
Check for additional storage requirements at
Dangolla, Uplands and Heerassagala low &
middle
Carry our system improvements to water systems
including rehabilitation and introduction of new
minor pumps, pressure chambers, valves and bulk
meters.
Automated monitoring and operation system
Study existing NRW components
Study existing condition of distribution lines,
valves, wash outs, air valves and hydrants; and
establish leakage component of NRW.
Hydraulic analysis of the distribution system and
identify inefficiencies
Introduction of parallel lines, bundle lines and
service lines based on an efficiency gain regime.
Identify nonstructural elements and recommend
methodologies to reduce the same
Introduce new O & M protocols and manuals for
guidance & institutional capacity development
Suggest tariff structures for sustainable operation
and maintenance and future investment needs.
Providing Tools & equipment required for repairs
Consultation for Institutional development
capacity building, cost recovering, Asset
Management
Training package for KMC staff
Update billing package with MIS reports
GIS data base for Pipe network, Transmission
lines, distribution line, House connection & valve
locations.
Provision for establish a call centre
Providing materials for replacement of valves,
pipes etc.

1.4. b) Additional Work Instructed by the Client

Specific instructions to proceed has been given for the followings.
1. Shifting of pipes owing to road widening project by RDA
Dhanrmashoka Mawatha
4

 Katugastota Medawala - Digana Road

2. Sludge Treatment Plant at Gatabe
3. Sludge Treatment Plant at Dunumadalawa
1.5. Scope of the Work
Scope of the consultancy services in the TOR is summarized as:
The consultant shall lead the work with assistance from the KMC who is vested with the
ownership of the infrastructure to investigate, conceptualize, design, preparation of BOQ,
technical specifications, drawings, Engineers estimates assists in the selection of
contractors by preparing preliminary evaluation reports on technical matters, administer
and supervise construction of the project component. The consultant shall prepare and
codify manageable packages, scope/itemize the work with task, realistic timetable targets,
so that they are clearly identifiable for costing and progress monitoring.
The consultant must provide a multi disciplinary team of experts required to complete the
works stipulated in section 5.0 of TOR. Whilst the expertise is primarily civil engineering
related and specific water supply, inputs of hydraulic modeling, hydraulic structural
engineering electromechanical and geotechnical disciplines are required. Based on an
agreed time table, while carrying out the design of each component, the Consultant shall
attend to complete project management from inception to completion, talking the complete
responsibility for construction supervision, operation and maintenance procedures and as
built drawings. Consultant may hire the appropriate service from the other engineering
company, experts and service providers.
The client for the contract will be the Project Director of the Strategic Cities Development
Project (SCDP) of the Ministry of Urban Development, Water Supply and Drainage
(MOUDWSD) with technical liaison with The Chief Engineer, Kandy Municipal Council
(KMC).

CHAPTER 2
PROJECT BACKGROUND

2. PROJECT BACKGROUND
2.1. Introduction
Consulting services for the Improvement of Kandy Municipal Council Water Supply Scheme
are being carried out in accordance with an agreement between the National Water Supply &
6

Drainage Board (NWSDB) and the Strategic Cities Development Project, commenced in
September 2014 after the several meetings held in Sethsiripaya presided by the Additional
Secretary (Urban Development).
2.2. Background to the Kandy Municipal Water Supply Scheme
The Kandy municipal water supply scheme consists of two major treatment plants.
1.
Getambe water treatment plant of which capacity is 33,000 m3/day with full
treatment facilities. This was commissioned in 1966 and intake being the Mahaweli river.
2.
Dunumadalawa water treatment plant of which capacity varies from 2,000 to
5,000 m3/day. This was commissioned during the British rule and the intake is an
impounding reservoir.
Other than above two treatment plants, there is another small treatment plant called Rosneath
which caters about 250 families in inaccessible elevated areas off the city limits. Only partial
treatment is available at this facility.
Several development programs were carried out since then to augment the treatment plant
capacity and to expand the distribution area in nineties and 2000s to fulfill the ever
increasing water demand in the City.
Meanwhile, the NWSDB which caters the surrounding areas other than the City faced some
difficulties due to lack of water resources in areas like Ampitiya, Thennekumbura etc. In
order to avoid such difficulties in the future, The KMC and the NWSDB signed a water
sharing agreement in 2006 which will be mutually beneficial to the both organizations.
The KMC system consists of
1.
Intake at Mahaweli river at Getambe
2.
Full treatment plant at Getambe (This includes Aerator, flocculaters, pulsators,
sedimentation tanks, rapid sand filters, chemical mixing system, filter backwashing system,
storage tank, disinfection system and high lift pumping)
3.
Intake at impounding reservoir at Dunumadalawa
4.
Dunumadalawa treatment plant (This includes a sump, rapid sand filters and
disinfection system)
5.
Booster pumping stations
6.
Storage reservoirs
1. Asgiriya
- 4100 m3
2. Uplands
- 27 m3
3. Bahirawakanda
- 204 m3
4. Primrose
- 315 m3
5. Dangolla
- 100 m3
6. Elagolla
- 70m3
7. R2
- 3636 m3
8. R3
- 1136 m3
9. PeirisWatta
- 350 m3
10. Panorama
- 20 m3
7

7. Distribution system (This includes about 350 km of pipe lines in varying diameters and
material).
The KMC system, with a current capacity of 33,000 m3/day with approximately 30% to 40%
distribution losses is unable to manage the demand of the KMC area and therefore it is
supplemented by the NWS&DB facility from the Greater Kandy Water Treatment Plant. At
present, a net supply of about 14,500 m3/day is received from NWSDB to KMC. The KMC
facilities consists of aging infrastructure though well managed and it was last upgraded in the
early 1991. The distribution network especially, which experiences frequent ruptures needs
organized replacement to reduce leakages.
As per current estimates, the Kandy City and its suburbs require a further 5,000 m3/day in the
short to medium term to sustain an effective service delivery, but is to increase to 16,000 m3/day
by year 2035. The increasing demand is to be met by two parallel strategies. The first is to
increase the efficiency of the existing systems by modernizing its key components; and the
second is to build additional infrastructure.
The NWSDB has invested several billion rupees to improve the water facilities in KMC area.
This includes 4500 m3 capacity water storage tank in Asgiriya and its pumping main including a
pipe bridge across Mahaweli River, gravity distribution main from R2 reservoir to Ampitiya and
other institutional supports. The SCDP project is to undertake the items given the TOR (Annex
01) work break down as per the TOR is given bellow

2.3. Breakdown of Activities under the Project as per TOR

Table 2- 1- Breakdown of Activities
Package

Estimated Cost
(Rs. Million)

Work Description

Designs already Completed

1.

Augmentation of Gatambe Intake

Augmentation of Gatambe Treatment Plant
8

Civil & E&M

works

667.72

2.

Augmentation of Dunumadalawa Treatment

Plant

Construction of 04 no of Service Reservoirs

(Dangolla, Heeressagala lower, Heerassagala
middle and Uplands)
Transmission mains - Supplying, Laying & Road
Reinstatement.

Civil works

379.64

Construction of Pumping Stations & Supply &

Installation of Pumps(Heeressagala Lower)
E&M works
Improvement of existing
small Pumping
Systems (05 Nos)

146.91

Designs in Progress

1.

2.

SCADA (Electronic Monitoring System)

3.

4.

Reduction of NRW (Network modelling &

analysis, field tests & corrective actions)
Supply and installation of bulk meters
Relaying of distribution line within city hub (15
Km) and outside (10km)
Identifying & Rehabilitation of defective Valves
Bundle pipe replacement (10km)

17.97

Civil works

Institutional Support Package

587.38

139.18

Sub Total

1938.80

Addition of 10% for insurance, safety management, temporary works etc.

Total

193.88
2132.68

2.4. Additional Work Items

Table 2- 2- Details of Additional Works

Item Description

1. Design and Construction of

Bahirawakanda Reservoir
2. Design and Construction of Heerassagala
Upper Reservoir
3. Design and Construction of Primrose
Pumping Main
4. Design and Construction of Dangolla
Pumping Main
5. Shifting of Pipes owing to Road widening
Project by RDA
LouviePeirisMawatha
DarmashokaMawatha
Katugastota-Madawala-Digana Road
6. Design and Construction of Sludge
Treatment Facility of Gatambe Treatment
Plant
7. Design and Construction of Sludge
Treatment Facility of Dunumadalawa
Treatment Plant
8. Providing 10,000 new connections using
PE
9. Providing 500 0f new connections for
low income areas

D- Design

C- Construction
Consultancy Cost (LKR)
-Tentative Estimate only-

Resource Allocation (Man Months)

Estimated
Cost(LKR) of
work

Approval
Status

245,640,000.00

Pending

71,760,000.00

Pending

CE

Eng

EA

Eng(M&E)

Total (LKR)

Draughtsman

Man Power
Resource

Logistics & Office Supplies

(20% of Man Power)

1x6

1x18

1x6

1x18

2x6

2x18

1x6

1x12

1x6

1x18

47,428,575.90

9,485,715.18

457,678,579.90

1x2

1x12

1x2

1x12

1x2

1x12

1x2

1x12

19,066,255.32

3,813,251.06

Pending

1x6

1x3

1x12

12,177,673.54

2,435534.70

Pending

40,125,000.00

Pending

52,725,000.00

Pending

Not yet finalized

73,857,084.96
33,483,248.76

Pending
Approved
Approved

Not yet finalized

Conditionally
approved

1x3

1x6

Not yet finalized

Conditionally
approved

1x3

1x9

1x3

1x9

1x3

1x9

1x3

1x9

16,342,504.56`

3,268,500.91

Pending

Not yet finalized

Pending
1x4

1x6

1x4

1x6

1x4

1x6

1x4

1x6

13,618,753.80

2,723,750.76

Pending

Not yet finalized

Designation

2016 Salary Scale

Per month

Team Leader

529,093.40

Chief Design Engineer

432,883.36

Design Engineer

375,407.23

Site Engineer

375,407.23

Engineering Assistant

332,759.86

Draftsman

220,824.93

Project Secretary

224,669.98

Pending

10

1x1

1x3

CHAPTER 3
DESCRIPTION OF APPROACH, METHODOLOGY

3. DESCRIPTION OF APPROACH, METHODOLOGY

We National Water Supply and Drainage Board have prepared our approach and methodology
based upon a clear understanding of the TOR and project objectives, and our work plan closely
follows the requirements of the TOR.
11

Our key staff extensive prior experience working on various kind of water supply and urban
development projects. These experience staff is fully committed to working in close association
with the Project Management Unit (PMU) and consultant on other related projects
This section the proposal presents project background our project approach and methodology for
the consultancy service of the Design and Construction Supervision of the Augmentation and
Rehabilitation of Kandy Municipal Water Supply Schemes.
3.1 Gatambe Intake and Treatment Plant
Gentambe existing intake capacity is 36,000 m 3/day and the existing treatment plant capacity is
about 33,000m3/day. The treatment plant capacity is to be improved by 10% (roughly up to
36,000m3/day) to enhance the efficiency of the system as per the clause in the TOR. The
improvements needed to Gatambe Water Treatment Plant & intake shall be determined after
detail feasibility studies.
Present weir across the Mahaweli River which is more than 60 years old and it is creating
operational problems during low flow period causing inadequate water diversion for pumping.
Therefore our attention would be paid to investigate and determine the design details on
following aspects. The studies will be carried out and gather historical data as well as available
new data to determine parameters for the new proposed weir.
Study existing intake condition and river bed survey to determine the hydraulic gradients.
Study on possibilities of extending of the existing weir cross the river by determination
of hydraulic modeling
Consideration to raise weir crest level in order to get the required water quantity to be
divert during low flow periods
Investigation on requirement of improvement to Grit Chamber in intake premises.
Investigate the requirement of introducing of additional pumping main
Investigate by Possibilities of improve the intake capacity introducing an additional
siphon
Investigation of defective valves, bulk meter etc.
Study on capacity of generators

12

3.1.1 Gatambe Intake Existing Conditions

The water intake is located on the right bank of the Mahaweli River at Gatambe, Peradeniya. The
present capacity of the intake is about 36,000 m3/day. The intake facility consists of the
following components.

Inlet chamber
Intake well
Low lift pumping system
Grit chamber
High lift pumping system.

Raw water from the Mahaweli River is extracted into the inlet chamber under gravity. Thereafter,
the raw water is directed to the intake well through a siphon. Subsequently, raw water is pumped
to the grit chamber using 3 numbers of low lift pumps (1 stand-by) which are installed in the dry
well. After removal of grit, raw water is pumped using 3 numbers of high lift pumps (1 stand-by)
to the water treatment plant located in Gatambe along Srimavo Bandaranayake Mawatha which
is about 550m away from the intake premises.

Figure 02- Intake Well

Figure 01- Intake chamber

13

In addition to the above main components of the intake system, there are supporting structures
such as pump houses, operation room, yard piping, pump and piping accessories, toilet facilities
etc.
3.1.2 Raw Water Pumping Main Existing Conditions
The existing raw water pumping line is laid with 500 mm diameter Ductile Iron pipe and is about
650 m long. Length of the pumping line can be explained in three stretches as follows;

From Intake premises to Gatambe junction (at the centre of the round-about); the
length of the pipeline is 150m. This stretch consists of a bridge crossing over the Meda
Ela between the intake premises and the Gatambe junction.

From Gatambe junction (at the centre of the round-about) to Gatambe Water Treatment
Plant; the length of the pipeline is 400m.

Yard piping within the intake premises and treatment plant premises; the length of the
pipeline is about 50m.

3.1.2 Gatambe Water Treatment Plant Existing Conditions

The Gatambe water treatment plant consists of the following main components;

Aerator
Chemical feeding system
Flash mixer
Sedimentation tank
Pulsators
Rapid sand filters
Disinfection system
Clear water sump
Clear water pumping system

14

Aerator
Raw water pumped from the intake is directed to
the aerator in the treatment plant premises. This is
a cascade type aerator in which water is brought
into contact with air for the purpose of
transferring volatile substances to or from water.
The figure 03 shows the existing cascade aerator
in the Geatmbe water treatment plant. At the far
end of the aerator, chemicals like alum and lime
are added through perforated piping system.

Figure 3- Cascaded Aerator

Chemical Feeding System

The chemical mixing system is housed a building beside the treatment plant. Two dedicated
mixing and feeding systems are provided for each chemical (alum and lime). Chemical mixing is
executed by a shaft attached with fins and the shaft is operated by motors. Thereafter, chemicals
are fed using pumps through piping systems to PVC tanks installed near the feeding
point.Ultimately, both chemicals are fed to the aerated water under gravity through perforated
pipes which are connected with PVC tanks.
Flash mixer
Rapid mixing is executed immediately after
feeding coagulant as shown in figure 04. There
exists only one mixing unit and the mixing is done
by the rotating impeller having several fins around
the vertical shaft at a recommended peripheral
speed. The vertical shaft is operated by the motor
mounted on it. The motor is firmly fixed with the
checker plates.
Then the water is directed to the sedimentation
basin located subsequent to the flash mixer over
the weir constructed at the exit of the rapid mixing
chamber.
Figure 4- Flush Mixing Unit

15

Sedimentation Basin
There exists a single unit plain sedimentation basin
as shown in figure 05. The basin is designed to
remove most of the suspended solids and flocs by
gravitational settling action. The flocs settle at the
bottom of the sedimentation basin and the
supernatant water is directed to the subsequent
treatment process.
The sedimentation basin is provided with a scraper
in order to remove the sludge periodically. The
scraper is operated with a motor mounted at the far
end of the tank. The sedimentation basin has also
been provided with a rail on the top of the long wall
on the both side of the tank which facilitates the
movement of the scrappier through the entire length
of the tank bottom.
Pulsators
There are four pulsator units in the treatment plant
as shown in figure 06. They are located parallel to
each other between rapid sand filters and the
sedimentation tank.

Figure 5- Sedimentation Basin

The pulsator clarifier combines the principles of a

sludge blanket and solids contact system into a
single clarification unit. It is capable of removing
turbidity, color etc. and other constituents. Vacuum
generated flow pulsations create a homogeneous
sludge blanket which helps to remove the
suspended solid in the water.

The supernatant water is collected into troughs

fixed at equal intervals along the clarifier basin.
Finally the clarified water is directed to the rapid
sand filters for further treatment.

Figure 6- Pulsator Unit

Rapid Sand Filters

There are 9 rapid sand filter units located next to each other as shown in the figure 07. The filters
separate colloidal and larger particles from water by passage through sand media packed into the
filter basins. The suspended particles removed during filtration range in diameter from about
0.001 to 50 microns and larger.
16

The filters are provided with the filter control desk

and backwashing system. The backwashing system
consists of two air blowers and two pumps for air
washing and water washing respectively. One pump
and a blower in each system serves as stand-by in
case of breakdown of the operating one.
The filtered water is directed to the clear water
sump after disinfection from which water pumped
to service reservoirs located in Heerassagala,
Primrose and R2 tanks.
Figure 7- Rapid Sand Filter

17

Disinfection
The filtered water is disinfected using gas chlorination units which are housed in chlorinator
rooms. There are two chlorinator units installed out of which one is in operation while the other
serves as stand-by.
Sludge disposal
There is no sludge treatment facility in the current system. Sludge produced in the water
treatment process is directly disposed to the Mahaweli River.
3.1.4 Present Status and Assessment
Gatambe Intake
The existing weir across Mahaweli River has been constructed using sheet piles. There is a
problem of extracting required quantity of raw water during severe drought and the existing
structures and intake facilities also have become outdated. Further the pumps installed in the low
lift pump house and the transfer pump house are about 10 to 15 years old and need to be
replaced. Therefore, the following works have been identified for executing under the project.
The intake consists of low water intake system, high water intake system and yard piping. The
intake capacity will be improved from 36,000 m 3/day to 40,000 m3/day in order to cater for the
future demand in the KMC area. This will be achieved by replacing existing pumps in the intake
and transfer pump houses. However, yard piping in between the pump houses will not be
replaced since the losses in the pipe line are not significant even after the intake system is
upgraded.
The existing raw water pumping line was laid in 1960s and the system is aged. Further the
capacity of the pumping line is inadequate to cater for the new demand. Therefore it is proposed
to replace the pumping line with 600 mm diameter ductile iron pipe.

Table 3- 3- Work Identified at the Intake Site

Location
Intake

Works Identified
Weir construction across Mahaweli River
Construction of an additional intake facility &
layingconnecting pipe
Supply and installation of level indicator to intake well
De-silting intake well
Supply and installation of a sludge pump to the intake well
Replacing screens of the intake chamber and intake well
Replacing 3 nos. pumps in the intake pump house

Grit Chamber

Transfer Pump
House & other
miscellaneous
items within
the premises
Transfer Pump
House & other
miscellaneous
items within
the premises

Painting the intake well, intake pump house and hand rails
landscaping and Turfing
Supplying stand-by butterfly valves for the wash-out of the
grit chamber (400 mm dia, 2 nos.)
Cleaning and painting the grit chamber and hand rails
Replacing pumps (3 nos.)
Painting the pump house and hand rails
Construction of an maintenance stores and pipe yard
Construction of a septic tank & soakage pit
Construction of an Operators changing room including a
small pantry
Supplying cupboards for record keeping
Supplying one table and two chairs for operators use
Supplying O&M tools (one grass cutter, one vacuum cleaner)
Re-laying raw water pumping main from intake to treatment
plant (600 mm did, about 600 m long)

Gatambe Water Treatment Plant

The Gatambe Water Treatment Plant (WTP) needs to be rehabilitated since the structures and
electromechanical equipment are getting dilapidated and some of the treatment facilities like
pulsators, one filter, pressure vessels etc. are out of order. Further, the Kandy Municipal Council
has requested a capacity increase of the WTP by 10% of its present capacity. Therefore, it is
necessary to augment the WTP and upgrade the existing facilities to ensure uninterrupted
working order of the WTP and meet the current technological requirements. Accordingly the
following activities have been identified at the WTP and its premises.
There are no records available with KMC on the present production capacity of the water
treatment plant yet is estimated as 33,000 m 3/day. Approximately 5% of the produced treated
water is estimated as plant losses for backwashing, plant washing and operational maintenance.
It is proposed to increase the plant production capacity up to 36,000 m 3/day after the
rehabilitation. Further the plant losses also will be reduced by replacing leaking valves and yard
pipes, so that the delivery will be increased more than 10 %. The water treatment plant will have
a capacity of 36,000 m3/day after the rehabilitation since it cannot be upgraded to 40,000 m 3/day
due to structural constraints and unavailability of land with the treatment plant premises for
future extensions.

Table 3- 4- Work Identified at the Gatambe Water Treatment Plant

Location

Works Identified

Water
Treatment
Plant

Replacing rapid mixer unit

TP units need to be checked for the design flow (new) and if
necessary,
Extend the aerator
Convert the plain sedimentation tank into plate settler
Pulsators to be converted into super pulsators
Filter capacity to be increased
Scraper cables and the scraper to be replaced
Pumping line of the vacuum pumps to be replaced
Wash-out valves of the sedimentation tanks (6 nos.) and pulsators
(12 nos.) to be replaced
Air release valves of the pulsators (4 nos.) to be replaced
Inlet valves of the filters to be replaced (9 nos.)
Replacing filter media & introducing concrete slab (instead of fiber
plates) & replacing filter nozzles (9 nos. filters)
Water
Replacing floaters (9 nos) at the filter outlets
Repairs to filter house and painting
Treatment
Repairs/ replacing the filter control desk (9 nos.)
Plant
Supplying and installation of back-wash pumps (2 nos.) and air
blowers (2 nos.)
Automation of backwashing
Surge vessels (3 nos.) to be replaced
Surge vessels (new) for the Heerassagala pumping line to be
installed
Alum dosing pump (1 no.) to be replaced
Lime dosing pumps (2 nos.) to be replaced
Alum and lime mixing motors (including shaft and blades) to be
replaced (4 nos.)
Repairs to chemical building including making access to unloading
of chemicals
Safety kits for operators
Repairs to chlorinator house and painting
Supplying and fixing of Electro chlorinators
Supplying chlorinator spare parts
Relaying chlorinator dosing line and water line including valves
Repairs to generator room and painting
Internal street lighting
Construction of maintenance office and plant maintenance stores
Construction of pump repair & maintenance work shop
Repairs to all other buildings and painting
Spare parts to the primrose pumps
Replacing 2 nos. R2 pumps (2 new pumps and 2 old pumps)
Replacing Dangolla pumps ( 2 nos.)
Construction of a new pump house and installation of pumps for

Water
Treatment
Plant
Laborator
y

pumping water to Heerassagala

One valve to be replaced on the primrose pumping line and valve
chamber to be constructed
Landscaping and turfing
Supplying BOD test kit (complete set)
Tiling the laboratory, repairs and painting
Supplying and fixing air conditioner
Supplying tables for conducting tests
Provision of record maintenance facilities (file racks, cupboards)
Beakers (25 nos in all sizes)
Pippets (15 nos in all sizes)
Cylinders ( 3 in each capacity)
Test tubes ( 5 in each size)
Distill water unit
Supplying computer and a printer (1 no.)
Supplying a refrigerator
Supplying oven
Jar test equipment
pH meters
Turbidity meters
Any other laboratory equipment requested by the KMC

Sludge Treatment
In addition to the above process, a sludge treatment unit will be introduced in order to treat the
sludge produced in the water treatment process since it is directly disposed to the Mahaweli
River.

3.2 Dunumadalawa Treatment Plant

Figure 8- Dunumadalawa Treatment Plant

3.2.1

Introduction
Dunumadalawa Water treatment plant is located approximately 500 m away from Kandy City. It
is a fully gravity water supply scheme operates as a partial treatment plant having its original
design capacity of 1,500 cum/Day. It was built in year 1975 to provide safe drinking water
facility to Kandy City. Raw water for Dunumadalawa water supply scheme is obtained from the
ancient impounding reservoir which was built nearby to the treatment plant in year 1865.
3.2.2 Scope
The Scope is to rehabilitate the existing water treatment facility and increase its capacity up to
3500m3/day to produce reliable and clean drinking water which confirms to SLS 614, 1983 and
WHO standards by means of conventional treatment to remove particulate matter and inactivate
microbial by,

Analyzing the current distribution water quality

Study existing treatment plant components and their efficiency Checking adequacy of the
system.
Reviewing the coagulation system and replacing if necessary.
Introduce new filters to increase filter efficiency.

3.2.3 Existing treatment facility and Capacities

At present, Kandy Municipal Council extracts water through the existing Dunumadalawa water
treatment plant. However, KMC doesnt have any records to justify that quantity since the

treatment plant doesnt have a bulk flow meter to measure water flow through the WTP.
However, the existing treatment plant consists of following components.

Raw water transmission main.

200 mm dia. ductile iron transmission main was laid from the Duunmadalawa Impounding
reservoir to the plain sedimentation tank. It has the carrying capacity to gravitate 3500 cum/day
of raw water from the intake.

Plain sedimentation tank.

The surface area of the existing sedimentation tank is 90 Sqm. Therefore, its maximum design
capacity is around 1500 cum/day

Figure 9 - Existing Sedimentation Tank

Chemical dosing system.

Originally, the treatment plant consists of Pre - chlorination unit, Coagulant feeding system.
However, at present these units are disappeared and temporary arrangement is available to fulfill
the above purpose by KMC.

Figure 10- Existing Chemical Feeding System

Rapid sand filters.
It consists of 05 units each having the capacity of 300 cum/Day.

Figure 11 - Existing Filter Units

Disinfection unit.
Gas chlorination is used for the disinfection consequent to the filtration process.

Figure 12- Existing Disinfection System

Air blowers and backwash pumps.

Air blowers (02 nrs) and back wash pumps (02 nrs) were installed for the backwashing of the
Figure 13 - Existing Backwash Pump and Air Blowers

filters.

Clear water sump.

The capacity of existing ground sump is approximately 100 Cum

200 mm dia. treated water transmission main was laid to gravitate the treated water from
WTP to R2 service reservoir.

3.2.4 Selection of Treatment Processes

At present, it was identified that the raw water from Dunumadalawa reservoir contains high
concentration of Iron and color which exceed permissible levels in accordance with the SLS1983.
In addition, it has been recorded that higher levels of Turbidity during the rainy period and this
situation will aggravate in near future as the drinking water source has been exposed to the
pollution sources on the grounds in the upper catchment area.
As such following treatment processes are introduced to obtain treated water of approved quality
standards as well as the treatment is both economical and reliable, requiring least capital
investment and operational and maintenance

Figure 14 - Flow Diagram: Stages of proposed Treatment Process

3.2.5 Design Considerations & Proposed improvements

Due to the under mentioned criterions, the maximum design capacity of the treatment plant is
limited to 3500 cum/Day.

Water flow records of Dunumadalawa impounding reservoir

Static water head
Availability of the land area for new structures
Restraint to expand the existing structures such as sedimentation tank,

As such, it has been proposed to augment the treatment plant as follows.

Aeration

Dissolved ferrous and manganese compounds are oxidized by aeration and precipitated as
insoluble ferric and manganic oxide hydrates which then be removed by sedimentation and
filtration process.
As such, aerator is introduced as an addition to the existing structure having its design capacities
of 3500 cum/Day and to convert the existing partial water treatment plant in to full treatment
plant. Further, Cascade type aerator is proposed here to minimize the head loss within the
treatment process.
Coagulation
Colloidal particles and fine suspended materials cant be removed by sedimentation because of
their extremely low settling velocities .Therefore Coagulant to be added to water to form bulky
flocs particles which will settle readily removing most of the colloidal and suspended
constituents of the water. Aluminium Sulphate (Alum) is used as coagulant aid and lime will be
used for PH Correction of raw water. Therefore chemical dosing system with capacity of 3500
cum/Day will be introduced.
Flocculator
Flocculator is introduced for the focculation process as an additional structure to the existing
treatment plant. Flocculation in the coagulated water, which causes the fine moving, destabilized
particles to come in to contact and become large, readily settleable flocs by improving the
creating velocity gradients in the water to increase the chance of collision between particles. The
Capacity of the flocculator will be 3500 cum/Day.

Figure 15-Available Land Area for Proposed Aerator and Flocculator

Sedimentation
Sedimentation is used to remove the suspended matters from water through a process of settling.
Plate settler will be introduced to increase the existing capacity up to 3500 cum/Day.
Filtration

Filtration is the final polishing operation in water treatment. Existing rapid sand filters with filter
nozzles will be rehabilitated. Each unit having the design filtration rate of 2000 cum/Day.
Disinfection
The main purpose of disinfection by chlorine is to destroy pathogens in the water and maintain
minimum chlorine residual in the distribution system to provide some additional protection
against subsequent contamination. The capacity of the existing disinfection system will be
increased in order to meet the future operation capacity of 3500 cum/Day.
Sludge Treatment
This work is not under the original scope. Since available land constraints, it was not considered.
However according to the requirement, KMC has agreed to provide suitable land to
accommodate the treatment unit.
Other Items
Air blowers and backwash pumps will be replaced (Capacity 3500cum/Day.)
Rehabilitation of existing treatment plant building which consists of Chemical house, stores for
chemical and rest room for the workers.
In addition to the above main components of the treatment plant, there are supporting structures
yard piping, piping accessories, toilet facilities will be rehabilitated.
3.3 NRW PACKAGE
3.3.1 Introduction
Kandy Municipal Council is the leading institute which operate and maintain the water supply
scheme in the Kandy city which is the second largest city in Sri Lanka. 700km of distribution
network with 10 numbers of service reservoirs and 17 numbers of main and sub pump stations
belongs to the existing Kandy water supply system controlled by KMC.
Kandy water supply system has brought benefits to the community by providing 25253 domestic
connections and 6065 non domestic connections up to 31stJuly 2015.
Cost analysis considering progress reports taken from KMC for last four months shows that
NRW makes more than Rs.20million income lost per month and more than Rs.5 million can be
saved by reducing NRW by 10% at KMC area. As the system efficiency is directly affected by
NRW, it is an essential requirement to reduce NRW within KMC distribution system.

3.3.2 Scope
Reduction of Non-Revenue Water in KMC distribution system at least by 10% and increase
system efficiency
3.3.3 Existing Distribution System
As per the KMC estimation, the length of the distribution network is about 700 km (to be
verified) diameters ranging from 63 mm to 700 mm. Almost all KMC area is covered by the
distribution network.
There are several service reservoirs in the network to provide a reliable service to the people
living in the different parts of the city. (Please refer section 2.2 for details of the service
reservoirs).
Most of the distribution areas get reliable water supply for 24 hours other than the following
areas.

PolwattaIhala (Yatiwawala)
Kalugala
Kahalla
Pitakanda
AppalagodaWatta
IstoruWatta

3.3.4

Identified Causes for NRW

1
Physical
2
Non Physical

Physical reasons
Physical reasons for NRW includes

Water losses through pipe leakages

Water losses through meters
Defective valves and other components in the network
Nonattendance for leaks in time
Illegal connections
High pressure zones
Leakage through bundle pipes

Non-physical reasons
Nonphysical reasons include

Defective meters giving wrong readings

Meter reading errors

Administrative errors
Non metered connections

It is a well-known fact that, water losses through the pipe network is the main contributing factor
for NRW, but other nonphysical reasons too cannot be ignored.
As of the investigation carried out by the KMC and GKWSP, 97% of the visible leaks have
occurred in the diameters less than 63mm pipe lines and service connections. But there are other
leaks which are not visible throughout the distribution network. These invisible leaks are the
most significant contributory factor for the NRW

3.3.5 Work Identified under NRW Package and Methodology

1. Bundle pipe replacement

Identification of existing bundle pipe locations and conditions

Summarizing existing conditions of bundle pipes
Identify the locations where bundle pipes to be replaced (with the assistance of KMC)
Arranging longitudinal surveying works along the roads where pipes to be replaced
bundle
Collecting demand data including number of connections
Designing of pipe lines
Procurement works
Contract administration

2. NRW study (Network modelling & analysis, field tests & corrective actions)

Installation of bulk meters for service reservoirs

Isolation of service areas after careful studying
Calculation of actual NRW percentage for each reservoir by considering bulk meter
readings and consumption data
Defining new demand areas (zoning)
Rearranging Billing system
Further NRW studies for a selected area

Further description of the approach for NRW study is given bellow

2.1 Dividing Commanding (service) areas
The service areas of the KMC service reservoirs are not well defined. Therefore the estimated
figure of 40 to 30% NRW reduction is considered to be happening throughout the whole
distribution network and high NRW areas cannot be identified separately. In order to arrest this
situation bulk water meters will be installed for each and every service reservoir and after careful

study of the distribution network, the service areas will be isolated for each reservoir. At present
no bulk meters are available in the service reservoirs. (Proposed locations for bulk meter
installation is given in annex 02).
After carefully studying the service areas, the NRW for each and every service reservoir to be
determined. The KMC is of the view that, the highest NRW is reported in their most important
service area of R2 service reservoir. Most of the city hub, commercial areas, temple of tooth
relic, general hospital, number of schools and other important places are situated in this area.
Considering above facts R2 service area can be recommended for further NRW study. However
KMC and PMU will prioritize the areas to be prioritize for NRW reduction after the detailed
study.
2.2 Zoning
After installing bulk meters and identifying the existing distribution systems boundaries, new
demand areas will be defined considering the geographical and other important factors. The
number of zones will depend on complexity and area of the zone.
2.3 Rearranging water usage data base
Identification of service connections based on its service reservoir is a high priority in this study.
The total volume of water distributed through the service reservoir can be measured from the
bulk meters. But the total volume of quantity of water delivered to the customers can be
measured only through the summation of quantity received by the each and every service
connection. Therefore the account numbers of the service connections have to be rearranging in
order to identify it based on the service reservoir.
2.4 Assessment

Installation of distribution accessories such as bulk meters, valves etc.

Preparation of tables for leaks for the service reservoir
Selection of areas for 10% reduction of NRW, with KMC
Zoning
Testing
- Proof test
- Step test
- Minimum night flow
- Distribution assessment
3. Identification of distribution lines for improvements within KMC area (city hub -15km and
outside city hub -10km)
Subsequent to NRW studies under Section 2 above, the followings will be carried out based on
the selected areas for 10 % of NRW reduction.

Identification of existing distribution system of KMC

Identification of existing pipe sections of R2 demand area
Collection of demand data
Hydraulic analysis of distribution system and identify inefficiencies
Determination of proposed distribution system for city hub area (this is to be done parallel
with the NRW study which is discussed under point number 4 of this section)
Identification of side of the pipe line along the road
Collection of details regarding other services along the road
Designing of pipe lines
Procurement works
Contract administration

4. Identification and repair/replace defective valves

Identification of existing valve locations within KMC

Conditional surveying of the existing valves
Identification of valves to be replaced and document preparation
Procurement works
Contract administration

3.3.6 Expected Outcome of NRW Study

At the end of the above investigations, following outcomes are expected.
1. Selection of best appropriate rehabilitation mechanism on main distribution trunks at KMC,
along Peradeniya road, along Katugasthota road (A9) and reinforce the existing lines up to
teaching hospital.
2. A proper design on isolation system of distribution network.
3. Introducing proper district metering system of which assist on diagnostically for NRW
investigation in future and on necessary decision making process. Road maps to be prepared
including water service connection account number and easy identification of location and
relevant distribution line.
4. Effective distribution network and house connections which facilitate the consumers with
high degree of service level and facilitate the operating agency by delivering high efficient
service on cost recovery by reducing NRW percentage to 10 % or above.

CHAPTER 04

WORK PROGRAM AND PERSONNEL SCHEDULE

4. WORK PROGRAM AND PERSONNEL SCHEDULE

4.1 Work Program
Work schedule for the items in the original scope (as per the TOR) is attached in annex 03.
Additional time period is required for the additional work items listed in section 2.4. Work
program for the additional work is to be considered separately and will be submitted in due
course.
4.2 Personnel Resources
Staff allocation for each sub project considering cadre mentioned in the TOR is attached in annex
04. Staff requirement for additional work items is given in section 2.4 and present organization
chart with filled positions is attached as annex 05.