Introduction to Cartographic Reference

Systems
The main purpose of Landmark software is to provide accurate visualization of geophysical data.
A major part of that accuracy lies in the ability of the software to pinpoint locations on a map
with great precision.
Map Projection Editor helps ensure this precision by letting you define a Cartographic Reference
System (CRS) for each project and each set of data that will be loaded into your system. The
CRS creates a frame of reference for all calculations of latitude, longitude, northing and easting
(x and y), and surface distance. Cartographic reference systems are stored in the OpenWorks
database and so are available to any project using the same database.
Before you start creating a CRS, you should understand some of the basic terminology used in
cartography.

Understanding the Problem

Whenever you try to locate a point on a map, you inevitably encounter the same problems
encountered by surveyors and navigators throughout recorded history. Trying to represent the
curved surface of the earth on the flat surface of a map always leads to distortions, no matter how
carefully it is done.
The problem is fairly simple if you always use the same map and frame of reference at least
the distortions are constant. But what happens when you try to convert differences in degrees of
latitude and longitude into northing and easting (xs and ys)? Or when you try to convert points
on one kind of map to points on another type of map? A slight error can throw your calculations
off by hundreds of feet. For example, suppose you have a well located at 90o west longitude and
28o north latitude, and you want to place a new well 6400 meters south and 1300 meters west of
the previous one. What will its location be? What is the relation between latitudes and longitudes
(geographic coordinates), and northing and easting (x and y grid coordinates)? How can we show
on a flat grid and in a consistent framework locations measured under different systems?

The CRS Solution

The problem can be solved through the use of a Cartographic Reference System (CRS). A CRS is
not a map: instead, it is a way of describing a map that defines all of the assumptions and
calculations on which the map is built, including:

spheroid

geodetic datum

prime meridian

projection type

projection parameters including false easting and northing, origin latitudes and longitude,
etc., or datum shift parameters

units of surface measure

Once a CRS is defined, it is possible to transform measurements made in any CRS to another
CRS. Thus, the spatial relation between two points can always be seen by transforming them to a
common CRS and viewing their images there. In general, this is how the Landmark software
ensures accuracy in all of its coordinate positions.

What You Need to Know

For each CRS that you create, you will need to know the projection type, geographic coordinate
system, geodetic datum, unit of measure, and projection parameters to be used. If you do not
know this information, ask the supplier of your data. There are two basic types of cartographic
reference systems that you can createthose based on geographic coordinate systems using
latitudes and longitudes, and those based on projection coordinate systems using xs and ys.
Projection Type
Any map is basically a projection of the curved surface of the earth onto a flat surface. There are
dozens of different ways to project a map, but all are based on the three methods listed below:

Cylinder: The surface of the earth is projected onto a cylinder, which is then cut and
unfurled.

Cone: The surface of the earth is projected onto a cone, which is then cut and laid flat.

Plane: The surface of the earth is projected onto a plane.

Each of these methods is imperfect, because it invariably produces distortion. To help reduce the
distortion, cartographers have developed different projection types for use in different mapping
applications. For a complete list of the map projection types supported by Map Projection Editor,
see Projection Types in Map Projection Editor.
Geographic Coordinate System
When you are creating a new map projection CRS, the Map Projection Editor lets you select a
geographic coordinate system from a standard list. See Geographic Coordinate Tab for details on
creating a geographic coordinate system.

Geodetic Datum
To further enhance the precision of their maps, map makers develop a smooth mathematical
surface called a geodetic datum that provides a best fit over the area being studied. The
mathematical model of the ellipsoid/spheroid is fixed to a point on the earth. For example, North
American Datum 1927 (NAD27) uses the Clarke 1866 ellipsoid fixed at Meades Ranch in
Kansas. The World Geodetic System1984 (WGS84) datum uses the ellipsoid fixed at the earths
geocenter. See Geodetic Datum Tab for details on creating a geodetic datum.
Spheroid

The problem of projecting the three-dimensional surface of the earth onto a flat map is further
complicated because the earth is not a perfect sphere or spheroid, but a somewhat flattened
sphere called an ellipsoid. The exact amount of flattening has been calculated in many different
ways, with each calculation based on certain assumptions about the geoid the shape of the
earth at sea level. For example, the Clarke spheroid of 1886 was a calculation developed for
North America that assumed a flattening of 1/294.98. The WGS 72 spheroid was developed by
satellite observation in 1972 and assumes a flattening of 1/298.26. For the purposes of this utility,
the words spheroid and ellipsoid will sometimes be used interchangeably.
Datum Shift

When you create a new geographic CRS, Map Projection Editor lets you apply a datum shift to
WGS84 in several ways. You can select an existing datum shift, or select a shift method
appropriate for the datum, or you can create a new datum shift. See Datum Shifts and Methods
for details about applying datum shifts.
Units
Landmark software uses linear units for all measurements of distance and angular units for all
latitude-longitude coordinates. When you are creating a CRS, the Map Projection Editor suggests
the appropriate units for the projection type. Typical linear units include common feet, indian
feet, imperial feet, international meters, etc. Typical angular units include radians, degrees of arc,
minutes of arc, grads of arc, etc. See Supported Linear Units in Map Projection Editor and
Supported Angular Units in Map Projection Editor for a complete list of linear and angular units
available in Map Projection Editor.
Projection Parameters
Certain projection parameters may also be required to further specify the mapping system. The
parameters required vary by projection type. When you select a projection type in Map
Projection Editor, the correct parameters are listed automatically for you to fill in. See Projection
Types in Map Projection Editor for details on the parameters for each projection type supported
in Map Projection Editor.
Home > Project Management > Project Administration > Project Administration

Project Administration
Project Administration is a tool that allows you to create and manage projects and manage access
to them.

What is a Project

Accessing Project Administration

Launching Project Administration

Project Administration Window

What is a Project
Projects are a basic part of an OpenWorks database instance. They organize data about oil and
gas assets into coherent and manageable regions or groups of data. Projects store well, curve,
fault, and seismic navigation data. You must select a project before you can use most
Landmark applications and utilities. The applications in the OpenWorks software, a major
portion of applications from Landmark software, and many third-party applications require or
access projects in an OpenWorks instance.
The OpenWorks instance has two types of projects

Project Databases

Interpretation Projects

Project databases typically contain all the data for a geographical region. An OpenWorks
instance would typically contain relatively few project databases, but contain many more
interpretation projects. An interpretation project is a subset of the data in a project database. For
example, a project database might contain all the well data for the western shore of a country. An
interpretation project might contain a field or group of fields from the project database, focusing
on a smaller region within the larger region defined in the project database.

Accessing Project Administration

Launching Project Administration

Extending OWSYS When Launching

Project Administration Window

Accessing Project Administration

Any OpenWorks user can start Project Administration; however, the functions available to a
user depend upon whether the user has been assigned the OpenWorks Administrator role
(OW_Administrator). Also, when managing a project in Project Administration, the activities
you can perform on a project are determined by the level of access that you have to the project,
as set in the Project User Administration dialog (User > Project Access).

Launching Project Administration

To run Project Administration, you must be an OpenWorks user:
Linux
In the OpenWorks Command Menu, select:
Project > Project Admin
Windows
In the OpenWorks Launcher, click the Project Admin button on the Project/Database tab.
Command Line
In the command line, enter:
%OWHOME%\bin\runJava.bat ProjectAdmin DirForLog In Windows
$OWHOME/bin/runJava.sh ProjectAdmin DirForLog In Linux

Extending OWSYS When Launching

After upgrading the OpenWorks software, and then launching Project Administration, you may
see a dialog box like the following:

OWSYS is the basic schema of the OpenWorks database instance and of the projects within the
instance. An upgrade of the OpenWorks Software may have changes and additions to the
schema. For the OpenWorks software and other applications based on the OpenWorks
Development Kit to use the projects in your instance, the OWSYS schema and the projects must
be extended.

Typically, you should click the Extend Now button.

Extending Projects and OWSYS has more information about extending project and OWSYS in
an OpenWorks database instance.

Project Administration Window

When you run Project Administration, it displays a list of the projects that are available in the
currently selected OpenWorks database instance. The icons for the project names indicate
whether you have Manage access to the project. A light yellow or orange box around the name
indicates that it is the currently selected project.

If you open Project Administration, and you see the following dialog box, you have not been
given the OW_Administrator role as a user of the OpenWorks database instance. For example:

Home > Reference > Error Logging Console

Error Logger Console

The error logging function in most OpenWorks applications allows you display the information
in the Error Logger Console dialog and in a file. In some applications, it can appear in part of the
window of the application. Error Logger Console allows you to configure what messages are
reported in each locations, in the console or in a file.
In most OpenWorks applications, select:
Tools > Error Logger Console
In some application, clicking a Log button displays the console.

Show Navigation Pane

Home > Project Management > Project Administration > Project Access
Project Access

The OpenWorks software provides levels of security for the data in a project. One of those
defenses allows the creator or manager of a project to control the access to the project. For a user
of the OpenWorks software to use OpenWorks Project Administration to create or restore a
project, the database administrator of the OpenWorks database instance must have assigned the
user the OW_Administrator role in the OpenWorks instance.
The user who creates (Project > Project Database > Create) or restores (Project > Project
Database > Restore) a project automatically becomes the manager of the project. In essence, the
OpenWorks software automatically gives the user Manage access to the project. At the time of
creation or restoration, only the user who created or restored the project has access to the project.
The manager of a project determines who else in the company can access the project, and
determines the access permissions of each user of the project.
As a user of a project, Project Access does not allow you to change your own access.

Access Levels

Starting Project Access Administration

Managing Project Access In Project View

Managing Project Access In User View

Managing Project Access in Multiple Users and Projects View

o

Adding or Changing Access to Projects

Removing Access to Projects

Access Levels
The OpenWorks software has four levels of access to a project (a project database, or an
interpretation project). The levels determine what a person can do with data in a project database.

Manage

Able to view and modify all project data regardless of who created it.
Can grant access to other users.
Can delete the project.
May perform project management functions only if the OW_ADMINISTRATOR role is
also granted by the database administrator.
Users with Manage access to a project database are automatically given Manage access to
any interpretation projects subsetted from the project database.
If a user with Manage access to a project database and its interpretation projects is not
allowed to access the project database (no access), the user will retain Manage access to
the interpretation projects. To change the users access to an interpretation project, the
access must be altered for the individual interpretation project.

Interpret

Able to view, create, and modify data created in the project.

Cannot delete or modify the project as a whole.
Cannot delete or add tables to the project

Limited Interpret

Able to view project data, and can modify interpretive data (such as faults and picks), but
cannot modify reference data (such as well master data).

A user with Limited Interpret access is able to change the data in only a subset of tables
that a user with Interpret access can change. A user with Manage access can change the
subset of tables available to a user with Limited Interpret access. For more information,
refer to Changing Limited Interpret Access.

Browse

Able to view project data, but cannot modify it.

For more information about how project access is a part of security in the OpenWorks
software, see Security in the OpenWorks Software.

Starting Project Access

To change who can access a project do the following:
1. Log on as an OpenWorks user with the OW_Administrator role in the
OpenWorks database instance.
2. Start Project Administration.

Linux: From the OpenWorks Command Menu, select Project > Project
Administration.
Windows: In the OpenWorks Launcher, click the Project Admin button on the
Project/Database tab.
The Project Administration window displays.
3. Select the name of a project in the window.
4. Select User > Project Access. The Project Access dialog displays with the
Project View of the dialog.

The view (or filter) can be changed by selecting an item in the Filter On drop-down list
box. You can change the access to projects from a project centric view or from a user
centric view. For more information, see one of the topics:
o

Manage Project Access In Project View

Manage Project Access In User View

Managing Project Access in Multiple Users and Projects View

Adding or Changing Access to Projects

Removing Access to Projects

Managing Project Access In Project View

This view lets you choose whether one or more users can access a project.
Managers of a Project Cannot Change Their Own Access: If you have Manage access to a
project, you are not allowed to change your own access level or to remove your access to the
project. To change the access level of a person with Manage access, or to remove a person with
Manage access from a project entirely, another person with Manage access to the project must
change a manager's access to the project.
Use the following steps to manage access to a project:
1. Select Project View in the Filter On drop-down list box.
2. If you want to change the access to another project, select a project. Do the
following:
o

Click the Browse () button. The Select Project dialog displays.

Select the name in Project column. For more information about the
Advanced Search/Filter, the Simple Search, the Move, and the Column
Sort/Search functions, see Finding Information in an OpenWorks
Table.

Click OK. The Select Project dialog disappears, and the name of the
selected project appears in the Project text box in the Project User
Administration dialog. The set of users in the group boxes, Users Not In
Project and Users In Project, change to reflect the access to the
currently selected project.

3. Change the access to the project by doing any of the following.

o

Change the set of users who can access the project:

To allow one or more users to access the project, select the names of the users in
the Users Not In Project table, and click the Add button ( ). The users who have
never been allowed to access the project before are given Browse access to the
project.
To prevent access to the project by users who can currently access the project,
select the names of the users in the Users In Project table, and click the Remove
button ( ).

To change the access level of a user, click the Down Arrow button (
) in the Access column for the user's name, and select the access level
in the drop-down list.

To change the access level of more than one user to the same level,
hold down the Ctrl key while you select the row for each user, and
then, still holding down the Ctrl key, click a Down Arrow button (
)
in the Access column, and select the access level in the drop-down list.
Each selected user now has the same access level to the project.

For more on access levels, see Access Levels above.

4. Click OK to implement your changes and close the dialog; or click the Apply
button to implement your changes and continue making other changes.

Managing Project Access In User View

This view lets you change the access of one or more users to access a project (add multiple users
to one project. You are only able to choose from the projects to which you have Manage access.
Depending on the level of access that a user has, the user will be able to browse, add, edit, and
delete data from the project. Use the following steps to manage project access:
Managers of a Project Cannot Change Their Own Access: If you have Manage access to a
project, you are not allowed to change your own access level or to remove your access to the
project. To change the access level of a person with Manage access, or to remove a person with
Manage access from a project entirely, another person with Manage access to the project must
change a manager's access to the project.
1. Select User View in the Filter On drop-down list box.
2. Select a user by doing the following:
o

Click the Browse () button. The Select User dialog displays.

Select the name in User column. For more information about the
Advanced Search/Filter, the Simple Search, the Move, and the Column
Sort/Search functions, see Finding Information in an OpenWorks
Table.

Click OK. The Select User dialog disappears, and the name of the
selected user appears in the User text box in the Project User
Administration dialog. The set of projects in the group boxes, Projects
Without Access and Projects With Access, change to reflect the access
of the currently selected user and reflects the projects to which you
have Manage access.

3. Change the access of the user to the available projects by doing any of the
following.
o

Change the set of projects the user can access:

To allow the user to access projects, select the names of the projects in the
Projects Without Access table, and click the Add button ( ). If the user has never
had access the project, the user is given Browse access to the project.
To take away the user's access to the projects, select the project names in the
Projects With Access table, and click the Remove button ( ).
o

To change the access level of a user, click the Down Arrow button ( )
in the Access column for the project's name, and select the access
level in the drop-down list.

To change the access level to more than one project to the same
access level, hold down the Ctrl key while you select the row for each
project, and then, still holding down the Ctrl key, click a Down Arrow
button ( ) in the Access column, and select the access level in the
drop-down list. The user is given the same access level for each of the
projects you selected.

For more on access levels, see Access Levels above.

4. Click OK to implement your changes and close the dialog; or click the Apply
button to implement your changes and continue making other changes.

Managing Project Access in Multiple Users and Projects View

This view allows you to manage the access of one or more users to one or more projects at a
time.
Adding or Changing Access to Projects

To add access to projects as well as change the access of a user who already has access to a
project, do the following:
Managers of a Project Cannot Change Their Own Access: If you have Manage access to a
project, you are not allowed to change your own access level or to remove your access to the
project. To change the access level of a person with Manage access, or to remove a person with
Manage access from a project entirely, another person with Manage access to the project must
change a manager's access to the project.
1. Select Multiple Users And Projects in the Filter On drop-down list box.

2. In the Users list box on the left, select one or more usernames.

The list box allows the following selection methods:

o

Mouse Selection

Single username: Click the name.

Contiguous list of usernames: Click the name at one end of your

list, and then hold down the Shift key while clicking the other
end of your list.

Discontiguous list of usernames, hold down the Ctrl key while

clicking names.

Toolbar Selection

Advanced Search And Filter Within Table (

): Displays the
Advanced Search Filter dialog which allows you to use various
operators in a search or filter operation. Both search and filter
select rows where the characters are found, but filter hides the
unselected rows, and search does not.

Simple Search And Filter Within Table (

): Click the Down
Arrow button next to the Advanced Search And Filter toolbar
button, and then check Simple Filter. A text box appears above
the table, allowing you to search for rows with a sequence of
characters, or to filter the list. Both search and filter select rows
where the characters are found, but filter hides the unselected
rows, and search does not.

Select All (

Deselect All (

): Selects all rows in the table

): Deselects any selected rows in the table.

3. In the Project list box on the right, select the name of one or more
OpenWorks projects. The list contains project databases and interpretation
projects to which you have Manage access. The list box allows you to select
names of projects with the same methods as you selected usernames in the
User list box.
4. In the Access drop-down list box, select the level of access. This level of
access will be applied to all the selected usernames.
5. Click Add. Your changes are completed when you click Apply.
6. Click Apply to complete your changes. The Verify Changes dialog displays.

The table in the dialog has four columns: the username for which access to the project is
changed, the project to which access is changed, the old level of access for the username
(blank indicates no previous access), and the new level of access for the username.
The Save To File button allows you to save a record of the changes to a text file. The file
has a format similar to the dialog.
7. If you want to record the changes, click Save To File. The Select File dialog
displays.
o

Type a new file name, or select an existing file.

Click Save.

8. If the changes are correct, click Accept All Changes to complete the
changes; otherwise, click Cancel All Changes. If you cancel all changes,
none of your previous selections are retained, and you must reselect any
selections that you still want to make.

9. Click OK to close the Project Access dialog.

Apply to Commit: If you click Cancel without clicking Apply, the access changes will not
be completed.
Clicking Apply allows you to continue making more changes to project access in the
dialog. Clicking OK will close the dialog.
Removing Access to Projects

To remove access to one or more projects, do the following:

Managers of a Project Cannot Change Their Own Access: If you have Manage access to a
project, you are not allowed to change your own access level or to remove your access to the
project. To change the access level of a person with Manage access, or to remove a person with
Manage access from a project entirely, another person with Manage access to the project must
change a manager's access to the project.
1. Select Multiple Users And Projects in the Filter On drop-down list box.
2. In the Users list box on the left, select one or more usernames. The list box
allows the following selection methods:
o

Mouse Selection

Single username: Click the name.

Contiguous list of usernames: Click the name at one end of your

list, and then hold down the Shift key while clicking the other
end of your list.

Discontiguous list of usernames, hold down the Ctrl key while

clicking names.

Toolbar Selection

Advanced Search And Filter Within Table (

): Displays the
Advanced Search Filter dialog which allows you to use various
operators in a search or filter operation. Both search and filter
select rows where the characters are found, but filter hides the
unselected rows, and search does not.

Simple Search And Filter Within Table (

): Click the Down
Arrow button next to the Advanced Search And Filter toolbar
button, and then check Simple Filter. A text box appears above
the table, allowing you to search for rows with a sequence of

characters, or to filter the list. Both search and filter select rows
where the characters are found, but filter hides the unselected
rows, and search does not.

Select All (

Deselect All (

): Selects all rows in the table

): Deselects any selected rows in the table.

3. In the Project list box on the right, select the name of one or more
OpenWorks projects. The list contains project databases and interpretation
projects to which you have Manage access. The list box allows you to select
names of projects with the same methods as you selected usernames in the
User list box.
4. Click Remove. Your changes are completed when you click Apply.
5. Click Apply to complete your changes. The Verify Changes dialog displays.

The table in the dialog has four columns: the username for which access to the project is
removed, the name of the project, the old level of access for the username, and the new
level of access for the username (blank indicates no access).
The Save To File button allows you to save a record of the changes to a text file.
Clicking Remove will confirm the changes of access for the users and projects.

6. If you want to record the changes, click Save To File. The Select File dialog
displays.
o

Type a new file name, or select an existing file.

Click Save.

7. If the changes are correct, click Accept All Changes to complete the
changes; otherwise, click Cancel All Changes. If you cancel all changes,
none of your previous selections are retained, and you must reselect any
selections that you still want to make.
8. Click OK to close the Project Access dialog.

Apply to Commit: If you click Cancel without clicking Apply, the access changes will not
be completed.
Clicking Apply allows you to continue making more changes to project access in the
dialog. Clicking OK will close the dialog.
Related Topics

Managing Project Databases

Managing Interpretation Projects

Project Administration

Security in the OpenWorks Software