Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
History
Features
Dry formulation
Mixes easily in water
Reviewed by WHO Pesticide Evaluation Scheme
Effective in direct application for residual control of
dengue vectors
Effective in spray application as aerosol or mist droplets
for area-wide dengue vector control
Highly-specific activity on mosquitoes
Quickly kills mosquito larvae (2 - 24 hours)
Benefits
Mode of Action
Bti produces complex crystal proteins known as protoxins
during sporulation. When these proteins are applied to
larval habitats of mosquitoes, the mosquito larvae ingest
them by filter feeding. The crystal proteins are solubilized
by the alkaline juices in the larval midgut and are cleaved by
the midgut proteases, yielding active peptide toxins called
delta-endotoxins. The delta-endotoxins cause the formation
of holes in the midgut cell wall, leading to immediate lysis
of cells and larvae death within 2 - 24 hours.
1Siegel JP and Shadduck JA. 1990. Mammalian safety of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. israelensis. In: Bacterial Control of Mosquitoes and Black Flies.
(de Barjac H, Sutherland DJ eds). pp. 202-220. Unwin Hyman Ltd. London.
2 World Health Organization (WHO). 2004. Report on the 7th WHOPES Working Group Meeting. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO.
Calibrated scoop/spoon
Container types:
- Cement, earthen, plastic, metal, fiberglass
2 - 8 g / 1000 L
1 teaspoon/200 L
(Dose = 8 g/1000 L)
Water Reservoirs # 50 L in
volume capacity
Ground Spray
Container types:
- Cement, earthen, plastic, metal, fiberglass
- Concrete drainage system
- Covered and uncovered drains
250 - 500 g / ha
(1 ha = 10,000 m2)
Application Equipment
- Roof gutters
- Trash
- Tires
- Vegetation - leaf axils, tree holes, leaf litter
- Natural pools with leaf litter
* Consult your VBC Technical Specialist to determine optimal application methods to meet your program objectives
Direct Application
Apply directly (undiluted) to water reservoirs such as earthen
or cement jars, plastic or metal drums, and fiberglass or
cement tanks with a volume capacity of $50 L. Application
rates of 2-8 g per 1000 liter of container capacity (100 - 400
mg/50 liters) should be used depending on habitat conditions
Vehicle mounted,
Table 2 Recommended Dilution Rates for VectoBac WG per Hectare
backpack or shoulder
carried motorized sprayers
Dengue Vector Larval Habitat
VectoBac WG Application
Application Equipment
and hand carried pump
1. Covered concrete drains
150 - 200 L
Motorized back pack or
(High volume application)
shoulder carried blowers
sprayers can be used to
generate aqueous
VectoBac WG spray
2. Uncovered concrete drains,
30 - 60 L
Motorized back pack or
droplets for complete and
roof gutters, sparse vegetation,
(Moderate volume application)
shoulder carried blowers
containers, tires, etc.
even coverage of the
intended target area.
3. Trash, dense vegetation, leaf
15 30 L
Motorized back pack or
Direct the spray to evenly
litter, etc.
(Low volume application)
shoulder carried blowers
cover the larval habitat
and maximize spray
4. Wide open areas of larval
7 10 L
Vehicle Mounted
penetration of vegetative
habitat
(Ultra low volume application)
ULV Sprayers
canopy. For optimal
VectoBac WG ground
rate is able to disperse VectoBac WG droplets to
spray applications, apply during the cool hours of the day
increasing distance (swath). Dial No. 2 with a discharge
when it is not raining.
rate of about 500 mL/min is recommended for dengue
Monitor VectoBac WG ground spray application by
vector control. Other spray equipment models shall meet
measuring Aedes sp. adult populations with ovitrap
these specifications.
surveillance. Ovitrap surveillance measures the density of
gravid female dengue vector mosquitoes. An ovitrap index
Clean Equipment After VectoBac WG Spray
can be used to determine re-treatment intervals.
Application
NOTE
Studies in Malaysia and Singapore indicate vehicle
mounted ULV generators with a power output of 18.0 hp
and 4 adjustable nozzles delivering spray droplets of
VMD # 50 m are able to deliver the VectoBac WG spray
mixture into target larval habitats in wide areas. This
ground spray application is to be conducted in the cool
hours in late evening or early morning (1900 h - 0600 h).
The cool air allows settling of the spray droplets into the
target larval habitats. IGEBA ULV U40 is an example of a
vehicle mounted ULV generator with its 4 adjustable
nozzles dispersing the VectoBac WG spray mixture at
1 L/min without clogging the nozzle to an optimum
distance of 15 m in dense vegetation.
Studies in Brunei, Malaysia, Thailand, and Singapore have
indicated motorized back pack sprayers with an engine
displacement of 56.5 cc, a power output of 3.5 hp, and
with a standard mist blower nozzle can efficiently deliver
the VectoBac WG spray mixture into target larval habitats
(horizontal distance of 12 - 30 m; vertical height of
11.5 m). An example of a back pack sprayer capable of
meeting these specifications for dengue vector control is
the Stihl SR420, with its standard nozzle consisting of 6
dials that will disperse the VectoBac WG spray mixture
without clogging the nozzle. Each dial with its discharge
Product Storage
VectoBac WG must be stored in its original, properly labeled container, well sealed and stored in a cool, dry and wellventilated location.
Pesticide Disposal
Wastes resulting from the use of this product may be disposed of on site or at an approved waste disposal facility.
Container Disposal
Triple rinse (or equivalent), then puncture and dispose in a sanitary landfill, or by incineration, or, if allowable by State and
local authorities, by burning. If burned, stay out of the smoke. Do not reuse the container. Do not contaminate potable water,
food or feed by storage or disposal.
Table 3.
Figure
1,2
Application
Study Site
Description of
Study Site
Treated: 9 villages,
45 km2; 1,343
Cambodia; Kg. households;
Population: 5,439
Tralach
Direct Application
Province: Ou
Water containers
Untreated: 9
Ruessei and
8 g /1000 L
Peani
villages, 80 km2;
Communes
1,598 households;
Number of
Dwellings
Assessed
Cooperator
600
households
per treated /
untreated
commune
To Setha, N Chantha,
D Socheat; National
Malaria Centre,
Ministry of Health,
Cambodia
33 and 28
ovitraps in the
untreated and
treated sectors
respectively
R Chandramogan;
Sanitation and Vector
Control, South West
Regional Office,
Singapore
30 and 40
ovitraps in the
untreated and
treated sectors
respectively
PHY Lam; HQ
Medical Corps,
Ministry of Defense,
Singapore
Population: 7,371
Ground Spray
Application
Urban; artificial
and natural
habitats
5,6
Natural habitats
Untreated: 40 ha,
44 dwelling blocks
Population: 9,244
Treated: 126 ha
Singapore
500-600 g/ha
every two weeks
Cement
containers with Direct Application
river water (Fig.
5) and well water
8 g/1000 L
(Fig. 6)
Treated: 30 ha,
37 dwelling blocks
Untreated: 127 ha
All larval habitats
Treated: River
Water - 10 cement
containers
Cambodia:
Phnom Penh,
Phum Thmei
village
21 of 366
Treated: Well water
households
- 11 cement
treated
containers
Untreated: 21
cement containers
To Setha, N Chantha,
D Socheat; National
Malaria Center,
Ministry of Health
Cambodia
VectoBac WG Effects
Fig. 1 Aedes aegypti Pupae (in Water Containers) and Indoor Adult Densities - Cambodia (Year 1, April to Aug)
61
60
50
40
35
32
30
30
21
20
24
22
20
13
10
0
1.5
2.5
0
-0.5
0.5
3.5
25
19
20
20
15
16
15
13
13
11
11
10
6
5
3
2
0
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
Untreated Site
Application
Treated Site
Fig. 2 Aedes aegypti Pupae (in Water Containers) and Indoor Adult Densities - Cambodia (Year 2, Jul-Nov)
60
54
50
40
33
30
29
23
20
17
13
10
10
17
4
0
0
-0.5
0.5
1.5
2.5
3.5
20
19
17
15
11
10
8
5
4
3
2
2
1
1.5
0
-0.5
0.5
2.5
Untreated Site
Application
Treated Site
3.5
Fig. 3
Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus Adult Densities in an Urban Center, Singapore
60
Ovitrap Index
50
40
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
36
27
Application phase
30
33
45
55
52
33
30
36
32
30
27
25
11
14
14
14
10
11
11
6
10
52
45
33
29
25
20
55
36
33
30
7
11
14
14
25
36
32
0
0
12
13
14
Week
Untreated Site
100
95
90
77
44
28
Application phase
100
100
OvitrapIndex
Index
Ovitrap
Fig. 4
Treated Site
95
93
90
80
60
40
84
77
44
20
28
0
0
Month
Untreated Site
Treated Site
Aedes aegypti Adult Emergence from Cement Containers with River Water, Cambodia
Mean Number of Pupae that Successfully Emerged (per week)
Fig. 5
60
57
50
46
40
40
30
20
10
0
1
Untreated Site
Aedes aegypti Adult Emergence from Cement Containers with Well Water, Cambodia
40
Fig. 6
Treated Site
38
35
30
23
25
23
20
15
10
6
5
0
2
Untreated Site
Treated Site
AG5387/R3
MAY 2007
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