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Svalex:
Locality: Festningen. Part 1: Geology and Drilling exercises..
There may be rearrangement of groups on this locality
The Festningen locality covers the stratigraphic
interval from the top of the Gipshuken Formation
into the Tertiary.
HMS-document
Learning Goals:
1. Understanding of change in depositional regime from older warm water settings to colder settings,
from warm-water carbonates to cold-water cherts.
2. Cherts and limestones as reservoir rocks. Cherts causing drilling problems.
3. Shales (or dark carbonates) as source rocks.
4. Seismic imaging of change in lithologies, from chert to soft shales at (near) the P/T boundary).
5. Tectonics, Tertiary deformation to be studied in the Triassic part of the section.
6. Causes and consequences of tectonism?
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ii. middle-upper part with cherts, silicified limestones and shales, fossils
8. The Permian-Triassic boundary (paleontology, sedimentology, extinctions)
9. Vardebukta Formation: Coarsening upwards sequences
10. Triassic Source rocks
2. Questions to be answered:
Geology:
1. Discuss each observed units petroleum potential (source, reservoir, sealing)
2. Which factors caused the abrupt change in lithology between the units observed?
3. Provide a (simplified) sea-level change curve for the observed succession.
4. Work together with the other engineering and geoscience disciplines to discuss how reservoirs in the
Festningen area would behave.
Geophysics
5. A dolerite intrusions and abrupt changes in lithology can be found at Festningen. What role would these
play in a seismic survey of Festningen?
6. Vertical beds here why? Causing seismic imaging problems ?
Petrophysics:
7. The techtonism in the Festningen area what petrophysical changes have been made to the rocks? Are
there any changes to porosity, permeability, connectivity etc.? Work together with the other engineering
and geoscience disciplines to discuss how reservoirs in the Festningen area would behave.
8. Some magnetic data are available in Svalsim. Extract these and plot them.
Drilling
9. What drilling challenges would you have at Festningen. How can you drill to hit a target in these
formations?
10. A dolerite intrusions and abrupt changes in lithology can be found on Festningen. What role would
these play in a drilling operation. Chert drilling problems? Work together with the other engineering and
geoscience disciplines to discuss how reservoirs in the Festningen area would behave.
Reservoir engineering
11. Where in the Festningen area would you look to find reservoirs? Work together with the other
engineering and geoscience disciplines to discuss how reservoirs in the Festningen area would behave.
Production
12. Work together with the other engineering and geoscience disciplines to discuss how reservoirs in the
Festningen area would behave.
Presentation of results:
Two groups will be asked to give small presentations of 4 minutes of their analysis of the
Festningen formations.
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3. Responsible teachers:
Geology Arild Andresen, Peter Eilis Nielsen, Sverre Ola Johnsen, Hans Arne Nakrem.
Drilling: Kjell Kre Fjelde.
Petrophysics: Helge Langeland
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While walking along the Festningsprofilet, we will get familiar with a stratigraphic column (from bottom to top).
An important part of the exercise will be to construct/draw this column and the information obtained, will
later be used in the Storvola Exercise.
Objectives of Exercise
Important: Bring paper/pencils with you in the field so you can take notes. If possible, to bring a camera
can also be good.
REMEMBER HARDHATS
Since this will be our first expedition day, we need to be focused on doing the right things.
There will be a wrap up of the exercise on the boat the same evening where two groups will have to present
their results.
Drilling. Part1
While you walk along the Festningenprofilet, you shall make a rough estimate of the stratigraphic column. We
can assume that the total length is 2000 meters from bottom to top. The information gained here will later be
used in the Storvola project. On the resource CD you will find a PowerPoint named:
StratigraphicColumn_Festningen_HelpFigure which you can use for this.
Figure 2 StratigraphicColumn_Festningen_HelpFigure
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Drilling. Part2
While walking along Festningen, you shall also try to identify rock types that can cause drilling problems. Which
rocks etc can cause problems related to:
This type of information will also be needed for solving the Storvola exercise.
Drilling. Part3
In the following we will work through a case, where we walk through the well construction sequence of a well. A
casing program will be constructed using the information given in Figure 1. Then we will highlight important
issues that one has to be aware of when drilling the different well sections and which drilling problems that may
occur. The purpose of the case is to give an introductory understanding of the process of constructing a well
The case
A subsea vertical exploration will be drilled in order to investigate if there is an oil reservoir in the
limestone/dolomite formation seen at the bottom of the geological profile. The water depth is 225 meters (250
meters measured from RKB). A pore pressure prognosis is given in Figure 1. This is only an estimate of what is
expected since this is an exploration well. The reservoir temperature is expected to be around 170 C.
One suspects that there is shallow gas present and some boulders are expected at shallow depths. In some of the
shale layers (e.g. in the upper part of Trias) reactive shale can occur. A layer of fractured shale is suspected at
around 2700 m.
The following hole and casing sizes is planned for the well.
Hole section
Casing size
Mudweight (s.g.)
36
30
26
18 5/8
13 3/8
12
9 5/8
7 liner
Questions to be answered
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Preplanning/Casing design.
Casing design and choice of appropriate mudweight for the different hole sections is very important part of the
well design process. This often involves computer models and advanced planning. However it is possible to make
some simple estimates in advance.
3) Try to find out where you will position the different casing shoes and give some arguments for the choices
you make.
4) Which mudweights would you choose for the different hole sections and what determines which mudweights
we can use ?
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www.nov.com
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14) What downhole drilling equipment will you use to drill the directional wells ?
Drilling. Presentation
Two groups will be asked to give a powerpoint presentation of 5-10 minutes of their main results on the boat the
following evening
Group1 Presents their results from Part 1 & 2
Group2 Presents their results from Part 3
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