Beruflich Dokumente
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Course instructor
Dr. Trudeep N. Dave
Institute of Infrastructure Technology Research and Management
E-mail: trudeepdave@iitram.ac.in
Class timings:
Monday: 11:00 to 12:00
Tuesday: 10.00 to 11.00
Thursday: 11.00 to 12.00
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Topple
Fall
Important factors that cause instability in a slope and lead to failure are
Due to the action of gravitational forces
Due to seepage forces within the soil
Erosion of surface of slopes due to flowing water
Sudden lowering of water adjacent to slope
Forces due to earthquake
Slide
Spread
Flow
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Factor of Safety
Fs = tf / td
Factor of Safety
Fs = factor of safety with respect to strength
tf = average shear strength of the soil
td = average shear stress developed along the potential failure
surface
The shear strength of a soil consists of two components,
cohesion and friction, and may be written as
Types of Slopes
Natural slopes: Due to natural causes
Man made slopes: Cutting and embankments
Infinite Slope: If a slope represents the boundary of a semiinfinite soil mass, and the properties for all identical depths
below the surface are constant, it is called infinite slope.
Finite Slope: If the slope is of limited extent, it is called
finite slope.
td = cd + s tanfd
cd = cohesion at potential failure surface
fd = angle of friction at potential failure surface
tf = c + s tanf
c = cohesion
f = angle of friction
s = normal stress on potential failure plane
Factor of Safety
w. r. t. Cohesion
Factor of Safety
w. r. t. friction
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When Fc = Ff
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(1)
For equilibrium, the resistive shear stress that develops at the base of
the element is equal to (Tr)/(Area of base)
The resistive shear stress
.From (1)
(2)..
If a soil possesses cohesion and friction, the depth of the plane along
which critical equilibrium occurs may be determined by substituting
Fs = 1 and H = Hcr into
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Part (a)
Part (b)
Prob : 1
Finite Slopes
When the value of Hcr approaches the height of the slope, the slope
generally may be considered finite.
For simplicity, when analyzing the stability of a finite slope in a
homogeneous soil, we need to make an assumption about the
general shape of the surface of potential failure.
Swedish geotechnical commission recommended that the actual
surface of sliding may be approximated to be circularly cylindrical.
Most conventional stability analyses of slopes have been made by
assuming that the curve of potential sliding is an arc of a circle.
In many circumstances (for example, zoned dams and foundations on
weak strata), stability analysis using plane failure of sliding is more
appropriate and yields excellent results.
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Modes of failure of finite slope: (a) slope failure; (b) shallow slope failure; (c) base failure
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The value of an is positive when the slope of the arc is in the same
quadrant as the ground slope. To find the minimum factor of
safetythat is, the factor of safety for the critical circleone must
make several trials by changing the center of the trial circle.
For convenience, a slope in a homogeneous soil. However, the
method of slices can be extended to slopes with layered soil, as
shown in Figure.
For equilibrium of the trial wedge ABC, the moment of the driving
force about O equals the moment of the resisting force about O, or
It can be represented as
Factor of safety = MR/MD
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Note that the term Fs is present on both sides of above Equation Hence,
we must adopt a trial-and-error procedure to find the value of Fs.
Bishops simplified method is probably the most widely used.
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