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KEYNOTE
Motivation
Citation/Definition
Explanation and
Exemplification
Argument/Claim
Exemplification
Definition
Exemplification
effort
ection and intensity of one s
Motivation is defined as the dir
an
er
eth
wh
to
rs
one s effort refe
(Sage 1977). The direction of
intensity
acted to certain activities. The
attr
individual seeks out or is
a task or
into
s
put
ch effort a person
of one s effort refers to how mu
; one
ugh
eno
ee times a week is not
situation. Going to the gym thr
rcise.
exe
of
ime
rt to undertake a reg
actually has to put in some effo
ply
sim
can
t of exercise so that you
Do you seek the lowest amoun
then
you work with a trainer and
say, I go to the gym? Or do
d, often
do you push yourself too har
follow the regime closely? Or
es
al injury? Intensity also includ
resulting in fatigue and person
of failure or adversity.
one s persistence in the face
sus
tion is to discuss intrinsic ver
One way of looking at motiva
m within
fro
e
tives are those that com
extrinsic motives. Intrinsic mo
the
m,
the fun of being with the tea
the individual. This could be
the
ng
ng time in a 100m race, enjoyi
satisfaction of a faster finishi
.
gym
ll-being after an hour in the
competition, or improved we
es and
tud
atti
n
ow
s
ual
ivid
on the ind
Intrinsic motivation depends
ns.
nitions and appraisal of situatio
perceptions, and it involves cog
, and
have to be provided by others
Intrinsic motivation does not
ds.
nee
ual
ivid
ind
towards satisfying
ser ves as a continuous drive
.
ent
sist
per
y
tivation can be ver
This means that intrinsic mo
al rewards that we can gain
Extrinsic motives are the extern
m
rcise. This could be praise fro
from taking part in sport or exe
ct
tra
con
jor
ma
a
,
nds
with your frie
your coach, the chance to be
m
fro
s
ow
foll
t
tha
m, or the status
with a professional sports tea
being famous.
tives are important in sport and
Both intrinsic and extrinsic mo
get both intrinsic and extrinsic
exercise. Psychologists can tar
mance of the individual.
motives to improve the perfor
Definitions
Definition
Definition
Explanation /
Evaluation
Exemplification
www.onlineMET.com
Motivation
This short (300-word) text is made
up of a limited number of essential
elements, most of which are repeated.
KEYNOTE
meanings in a text
Table 1 - Selected essential elements with examples of associated critical thinking practices
Essential elements
Argument
Definition
Evaluation
Exemplification
Explanation / exposition
Adapted from: de Chazal, E. (2014) English for Academic Purposes. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
KEYNOTE
evaluation. By repeatedly
encountering similar patterns,
students can become more familiar
with text structure and improve their
reading efficiency.
Edward de Chazal
References
BALEAP. 2008. BALEAP Competency
Framework for Teachers of English for
Academic Purposes. BALEAP. Available
at: <www.baleap.org.uk>.
Crane, J. and J. Hannibal. 2009.
IB Psychology: Course Companion.
Oxford: Oxford University Press. (Pages
304 305)
de Chazal, E. 2014. English for
Academic Purposes (Oxford Handbooks
for Language Teachers series) Oxford:
www.onlineMET.com