Ch.

12:
i.)Vector Knowledge
ii) Dot Product (a.k.a. Scalar product)
iii) Cross Product (a.k.a. Vector product)
iv) Equations for lines & line segments
a.) l(t) = a + t ( b a )
b.) to make it a line segment, 0 <= t <= 1.
v) Equations / normal vectors for planes
vi) Quadric surfaces
a.) Cross sections
b.) Contours

Ch. 14:
i.) Partial Differentiation
ii.) Implicit Differentiation
ii.) Tangent Planes and Linearization
a.) How to discern them conceptually and mathematically.
b.) z - z0 = x(x0,y0)(x-x0)+y(x0,y0)(y-y0)
c.) Fx(x0,y0,z0)(x-x0) + Fy(x0,y0,z0)(y-y0) + Fz(x0,y0,z0)(z-z0) = 0
d.) Differential Theorem: If the partial derivatives fx and fy exist near (a,b) and are continuous at (a,b) then f
is differentiable at (a,b)
iii.) The Chain Rule
a.) (dz/dt) = (dz/dx)(dx/dt) + (dz/dy)(dy/dt)
iv.) Directional Derivatives & Gradient Vectors
a.) Directional Derivatives: x(x0,y0) = lim(h->0) [(x0 + h,y0) - (x0,y0)]/h
b.) Grad f = <x(x,y),y(x,y)> = (/x)i + (/y)j + (/z)k
c.) Du(x,y) = Grad(x,y,z)*u
v.) *Maximum and Minimum Values
a.) Second Derivatives Test:

D=

| xx xy |
| yx yy | = xxyy - (xy)^2

- If D > 0 and xx(a,b) > 0, then (a,b) is a local minimum

- If D > 0 and xx(a,b) < 0, then (a,b) is local maximum
- If D < 0 then (a,b) is neither
- If D = 0 then (a,b) is saddle point
vi.) *Lagrange Multipliers

a.) Grad (x0,y0,z0) = Lambda Grad g(x0,y0,z0)

b.) Grad (x0,y0,z0) = Lambda Grad g(x0,y0,z0) Grad h(x0,y0,z0)

Ch. 15:
i.) Double Integrals over Rectangles
a.) (x,y)dA
b.) (x,y)dA = a-bc-d (x,y)dxdy = c-da-b (x,y)dxdy
ii.) Iterated Integrals
a.) (x,y)dA
b.) Remember to change variables, create sketches
c.) Broken Down: D(x,y)dA = D1(x,y)dA + D2(x,y)dA
iii.) Double Integrals + Polars
a.) Coversions: r^2 = x^2+y^2, x =rcos, y = rsin
b.) Fudge Factor = r
c.) General Form: (rcos,rsin)rdrd
iv.) Applications of Double Integrals
a.) Center of Mass:
i.)
ii.) x = My/m = 1/mxp(x,y)dA
iii.) y = Mx/m = 1/myp(x,y)dA
b.) Moment of Inertia:
iv.) Ix = y^2p(x,y)dA
v.) Iy = x^2p(x,y)dA
vi.) I0 = (x^2+y^2)p(x,y)dA
v.) Surface Area
a.) A(s) = [1+(z/x)^2+(z/y)^2]dA
vi.) Triple Integrals
a.) (x,y,z)dV
b.) Remember to change variables accordingly, use drawings.
c.) Mass and Moments:
i.) m = p(x,y,z)dV

ii.) x = Myz/m = 1/mxp(x,y,z)dA

iii.) y = Mxz/m = 1/myp(x,y,z)dA
iv.) z = Mxy/m = 1/mzp(x,y,z)dA
d.) Moment of Inertia:
i.) Ix = (y^2 + z^2)p(x,y,z)dA
ii.) Iy = (x^2 + z^2)p(x,y,z)dA
iii.) Iz = (x^2+y^2)p(x,y,z)dA
e.) Cylindrical Coordinates:
i.) Conversions: x = rcos, y = rcos, z=z; r^2 = x^2+y^2, tan = y/x
ii.) (rcos,rsin,z)rdrddz
f.) Spherical Coordinates:
i.) Conversions: x = psincos, y = psincos, z = pcos;
p^2 = x^2 + y^2 +z^2
ii.) Definitions: p = like radius, outward from origin; down from z axis, down on both
sides of axis; on xy plane around z in circle.
iii.) General Form: (psincos,psincos,pcos)p^2sin^2dpdd

Ch. 16:
i.) Vector Fields
a.) A function F that assigns point (x,y,z) to three dimensional vector F(x,y,z)
ii.) Line Integral
a.) Scalar Form: c(r)|r'(t)|ds
b.) Vector Form cF(r)(r'(t))ds
c.) Parameterize - find curve for line by setting variables = t, use F to find "field" acting on it.
iii.) Fundamental Theory of Line Integrals
a.) cGrad(r)dr = (r(b)) - (r(a))
b.) cFdr is independent of path in D if and only if cFdr = 0 for every closed path C in D.
c.) If Grad = F, then a field is conservative; if P/y = Q/x F is conservative.
d.) To find a function F from , take the integrals of each term, put repeats into equation only
once.
iv.) Green's Theorem
a.) For positively oriented, simple closed curve bounded by C, D = :
c Pdx + Qdy = (dQ/dx - dP/dy)dA
b.) Area Cases:
A = 1/2c xdy-ydx

v.) Curl and Divergence Theorem

a.) curlF = Grad x F - used for vectors
b.) If curlF = 0, F is conservative
c.) divF = Grad F - used for scalars
vi.) Parametric Surfaces
a.) Find parameterization: r(u,v) = x(u,v)i + y(u,v)j + z(u,v)k (One variable = constant)
b.) Cross partials: A(s) = D|ru x rv| dA
vii.) Surface Integrals
a.) Used to find the surface area.
b.) Scalar: c(r)||ru x rv||dA
c.) Vector Form cF(r)|ru x rv|dA
-Synonymous to: cFdS = D(-P(g/x) - Q(g/y) + R)dA
viii.) Stokes Theorem
a.) Any surface "delimited" by an open space has the same flux as opening.
b.) cFdr = s curl FdS
ix.) Divergence Theorem
a.) If E is the simple solid region and S is the boundary surface of E, given positive
orientation.
b.) s FdS = E div F dV