1

Fig. 1.1 shows a simplified speed-time graph for a train that travels between
two stations.

(a)

(b)

Fig. 1.1
Describe the motion of the train.
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[2]
Calculate the distance travelled by the train between the two stations.

distance = ..
[2]
(c)
Another train travels between the same two stations on a parallel track. This
train travels
at a constant speed. It starts its journey at time t = 0 and finishes at t = 90
minutes.
On Fig. 1.1, draw the speed-time graph for this train.

[2]

Fig. 2.1 shows a boat stationary in still water in a narrow tunnel.

Fig. 2.1
To move the boat, two men lie on the top of it and push against the
tunnel roof with their legs
They exert a total forwards force of 1680 N on the boat.
(a) The men push the boat 50.0 m to the end of the tunnel. Calculate
the work done
on the boat by the men.

work done = ..................................................

[2]

(b) Explain why the kinetic energy of the boat at the end of the tunnel
is less than
the work done on the boat by the men.
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[2]

3
Fig. 3.1 shows a weather balloon. The balloon is shown partly filled with gas
from a cylinder.

Fig. 3.1
The balloon contains no gas initially. When it is connected to the cylinder, gas
enters the
balloon. The pressure in the cylinder decreases.
(a)

(b)

Explain why the molecules inside the cylinder

(i) exert a large pressure initially,
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[2]
(ii) exert a smaller pressure in the cylinder when the balloon is filled.
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[1]
The volume of the cylinder is 0.0020m3. The pressure inside the
cylinder is initially 200 atmospheres. When the cylinder is connected to
the balloon, the final pressure in the cylinder and the balloon is 1.0
atmosphere.
The temperature of the gas remains constant.

Calculate the final volume of gas in the balloon. State the equation that
you use.

volume = ..............................................
[3]

4
Fig. 4.1 shows an air bubble in water. The rays of light are incident on the air
bubble.

Fig. 4.1
The angle of incidence of ray 1 on the air bubble is greater than the critical
angle.
The angle of incidence of ray 2 on the air bubble is less than the critical
angle.
Ray 3 is perpendicular to the surface of the bubble.
The angle of incidence of ray 2 on the air bubble is 27 and the angle of
refraction of ray 2
inside the air bubble is 37.
(a)

On Fig. 4.1, at the point where ray 1 meets the air bubble, mark
(i) the normal to the surface,

(ii) the angle of incidence.

[2]
(b)
Complete Fig. 4.1 to show how all three rays continue after they meet
the air bubble.

[3]

(c)

(i) Define what is meant by the refractive index of water.

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(ii) Calculate the refractive index of water.

refractive index = ..
[2]
5

Fig. 5.1 is drawn full scale. The focal length of the lens is 3.0 cm.

(a)
image.
(b)

Fig. 5.1
On Fig. 5.1, draw two rays from the top of the object O that meet at the
[2]
(i) Define the term linear magnification.
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[1]
(ii) Determine the magnification produced by the lens in Fig. 5.1.

magnification = ................................................ [1]

(c)

Fig. 5.2 shows a normal eye viewing an object close to it. Fig. 5.3 is a
long-sighted eye viewing an object at the same distance.

Fig. 5.2
Fig. 5.3
Complete Fig. 5.3 to show the rays travelling through the eye.
[1]
6

Fig. 6.1 shows a coil of wire wound on a cardboard tube.

There is a d.c. current in the coil. The direction of the current is shown in the

key.

(a)

Fig. 6.1
On Fig. 6.1, draw the magnetic field produced by the coil.

[3]
(b)
Fig. 6.2 shows a simple loudspeaker that uses the coil shown in Fig. 6.1
attached to a
paper cone.

Fig. 6.2
The coil is connected to a signal generator.
There is an alternating current of frequency 100 Hz in the coil.

(i) State what is meant by a frequency of 100 Hz.

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[1]
(ii) Describe and explain the movement of the coil.
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[3]
Fig. 7.1 shows an electrical circuit.

Fig. 7.1
(a)
On Fig. 7.1, draw an arrow at A to show the direction of flow of the
electrons in the ` wire.
[1]
(b)

(c)

What is the name of component X?

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[1]
State and explain how the potential difference across X varies as the
light shining on it becomes brighter.
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[2]
Details of two radioactive sources used by a school are shown in Fig. 8.1.

Fig. 8.1

(a)

On Fig. 8.2, the number of Co-60 atoms in source A and the number of
Sr-90 atoms in source B at time t = 0 has been plotted as .

Fig. 8.2
(i) Plot accurately the number of Co-60 atoms in source A at t = 5, 10,
15 and
20 years. Draw the best line through your points.
(ii) Sketch how the number of Sr-90 atoms in source B changes from t
= 0 to 20
years.
[3]
(b)
A detector is placed near source A. It records 4000 counts in one
minute from the
source when t = 0. A piece of lead, which absorbs 99% of gamma rays,
is immediately placed between the source and the detector. Determine
(i) the counts in one minute that the detector now records from the
source,

counts in one minute = .........................................

(ii) the time t when the detector would measure 10 counts in one
minute from the
source.

time = ................................................
[3]

9
A thin metal filament J and a metal plate K are sealed inside an evacuated
glass vessel. The
electrical connections pass through the glass to external components as
shown in Fig. 9.1.

Fig. 9.1
(a)

A 6.0 V battery is connected to J and the filament becomes white hot.

The current from the battery is 1.6 A. Calculate the power supplied by
the battery.

[2]
(b)

A milliammeter and a 1.5 kV d.c. power supply are connected in series

between K and J. The positive terminal of the power supply is
connected to K.
(i) The milliammeter registers a small current. Explain the presence of
a current in this circuit despite the gap between J and K.

[3]
(ii) State why the glass vessel must be evacuated.

[1]
(iii) One pole of a bar magnet is brought close to the side S of the
glass vessel and the current registered by the milliammeter decreases.
Explain why this happens.

[2]
(iv) The terminals of the 1.5 kV d.c. power supply are reversed. Explain
how this affects the current in the milliammeter.

[2]
(c)

Fig. 9.2 shows two terminals M and N of a potential divider

(potentiometer) connected to a 6.0 V battery. N is also connected to
one of the two Y-input terminals of a cathode-ray oscilloscope. The
other Y-input terminal is connected to the sliding contact of the
potential divider (potentiometer).

Fig. 9.2
The sliding contact is at N and the trace on the oscilloscope is a
horizontal line passing through the centre of the screen.

(i) The timebase setting is 1.0 ms / div. Explain why the trace is a
horizontal line.

[1]
(ii) The Y-gain setting is 2.0 V / div. The sliding contact is moved at a
slow, uniform rate from N to M. Describe in detail what happens to the
trace on the screen.

[3]
(iii) The Y-gain setting is now changed to 1.0 V / div and the trace
disappears from the screen.
State why this happens.
[1]