Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
MSI!301:!LAN!SWITCHING!AND!
WIRELESS!|!SOLVED!
ASSIGNMENT!
AMITY!UNIVERSITY!ONLINE!(AUO)!3rd!SEM!SOLVED!ASSIGNMENT!
SUBMITTED!BY:!Tanuj!Ghimire!
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MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 2!
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Assignment!A!
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MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 3!
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1)!Describe!the!Hierarchical!Network!Model?!Describe!the!benefits!of!the!
Hierarchical!Network!Model.!
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Ans:!!
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This!model!simplifies!the!task!of!building!a!reliable,!scalable,!and!less!expensive!hierarchical!
internetwork!because!rather!than!focusing!on!packet!construction,!it!focuses!on!the!three!
functional!areas,!or!layers,!of!your!network:!
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Core!layer:!This!layer!is!considered!the!backbone!of!the!network!and!includes!the!highFend!
switches!and!highFspeed!cables!such!as!fiber!cables.!This!layer!of!the!network!does!not!route!
traffic!at!the!LAN.!In!addition,!there!is!no!packet!manipulation!that!is!done!by!devices!in!this!
layer.!Rather,!this!layer!is!concerned!with!speed!and!ensures!reliable!delivery!of!packets.!
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Distribution!layer:!This!layer!includes!LANFbased!routers!and!layer!3!switches.!This!layer!
ensures!that!packets!are!properly!routed!between!subnets!and!VLANs!in!your!enterprise.!This!
layer!is!also!called!the!Workgroup!layer.!
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Access!layer:!This!layer!includes!hubs!and!switches.!This!layer!is!also!called!the!desktop!layer!
because!it!focuses!on!connecting!client!nodes,!such!as!workstations!to!the!network.!This!layer!
ensures!that!packets!are!delivered!to!end!user!computers.!
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When!we!implement!these!layers,!each!layer!might!comprise!more!than!two!devices!or!a!single!
device!might!function!across!multiple!layers.!The!benefits!of!the!hierarchical!model!include:!
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High!Performance:!We!can!design!high!performance!networks,!where!only!certain!layers!are!
susceptible!to!congestion.!
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Efficient!management!&!troubleshooting:!Allows!us!to!efficiently!organize!network!
management!and!isolate!causes!of!network!trouble.!
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Policy!creation:!We!can!easily!create!policies!and!specify!filters!and!rules.!
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Scalability:!We!can!grow!the!network!easily!by!dividing!your!network!into!functional!areas.!
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Behavior!prediction:!When!planning!or!managing!a!network,!the!model!allows!us!to!determine!
what!will!happen!to!the!network!when!new!stresses!are!placed!on!it.!
MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 4!
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FIG:!Hierarchical!Network!Model!
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2)!Explain!the!key!features!of!switches!that!are!used!in!hierarchical!
networks?!
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Ans:!Following!are!the!key!features!of!switches!used!in!hierarchical!networks!
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Switch!Form!Factors:!!
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When!you!are!selecting!a!switch,!you!need!to!decide!between!fixed!configuration!or!modular!
configuration,!and!stackable!or!nonFstackable.!Another!consideration!is!the!thickness!of!the!
switch!expressed!in!number!of!rack!units.!
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Fixed!Configuration!Switches:!
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Fixed!configuration!switches!are!just!as!you!might!expect,!fixed!in!their!configuration.!
What!that!means!is!that!you!cannot!add!features!or!options!to!the!switch!beyond!those!that!
originally!came!with!the!switch.!The!particular!model!you!purchase!determines!the!features!
and!options!available.!For!example,!if!you!purchase!a!24Fport!gigabit!fixed!switch,!you!cannot!
add!additional!ports!when!you!need!them.!
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Modular!Switches:!
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Modular!switches!offer!more!flexibility!in!their!configuration.!Modular!switches!come!with!
different!sized!chassis!that!allow!for!the!installation!of!different!numbers!of!modular!line!
cards.!The!line!cards!contain!the!ports.!The!line!card!fits!into!the!switch!chassis!like!expansion!
cards!fit!into!a!PC.!The!larger!the!chassis,!the!more!modules!it!can!support.!
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Stackable!Switches:!
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Stackable!switches!can!be!interconnected!using!a!special!backplane!cable!that!provides!highF
bandwidth!throughput!between!the!switches.!Cisco!introduced!StackWise!technology!in!one!of!
its!switch!product!lines.!StackWise!allows!you!to!interconnect!up!to!nine!switches!using!fully!
redundant!backplane!connections.!
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Switch!Performance:!
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When!selecting!a!switch!for!the!access,!distribution,!or!core!layers,!consider!the!capability!of!
the!switch!to!support!the!port!density,!forwarding!rates,!and!bandwidth!aggregation!
requirements!of!your!network.!
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Port!Density:!
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Port!density!is!the!number!of!ports!available!on!a!single!switch.!Fixed!configuration!switches!
typically!support!up!to!48!ports!on!a!single!device,!with!options!for!up!to!four!additional!ports!
for!small!formFfactor!pluggable!(SFP)!devices.!!
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High!port!densities!allow!for!better!use!of!space!and!power!when!both!are!in!limited!supply.!If!
you!have!two!switches!that!each!contain!24!ports,!you!would!be!able!to!support!up!to!46!
devices!because!you!lose!at!least!one!port!per!switch!to!connect!each!switch!to!the!rest!of!the!
network.!In!addition,!two!power!outlets!are!required.!On!the!other!hand,!if!you!have!a!single!
48Fport!switch,!47!devices!can!be!supported,!with!only!one!port!used!to!connect!the!switch!to!
the!rest!of!the!network,!and!only!one!power!outlet!needed!to!accommodate!the!single!switch.!!
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Modular!switches!can!support!very!high!port!densities!through!the!addition!of!multiple!switch!
port!line!cards.!For!example,!the!Catalyst!6500!switch!can!support!in!excess!of!1000!switch!
ports!on!a!single!device.!
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Large!enterprise!networks!that!support!many!thousands!of!network!devices!require!high!
density,!modular!switches!to!make!the!best!use!of!space!and!power.!Without!using!a!highF!
density!modular!switch,!the!network!would!need!many!fixed!configuration!switches!to!
accommodate!the!number!of!devices!that!need!network!access.!This!approach!can!consume!
many!power!outlets!and!a!lot!of!closet!space.!
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You!must!also!address!the!issue!of!uplink!bottlenecks.!A!series!of!fixed!configuration!switches!
may!consume!many!additional!ports!for!bandwidth!aggregation!between!switches!for!the!
purpose!of!achieving!target!performance.!With!a!single!modular!switch,!bandwidth!
aggregation!is!less!of!an!issue!because!the!backplane!of!the!chassis!can!provide!the!necessary!
bandwidth!to!accommodate!the!devices!connected!to!the!switch!port!line!cards.!
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Forwarding!Rates:!!
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As!illustrated!in!Figure!1F20,!forwarding!rates!define!the!processing!capabilities!of!a!switch!by!
rating!how!much!data!the!switch!can!process!per!second.!Switch!product!lines!are!classified!by!
forwarding!rates.!EntryFlayer!switches!have!lower!forwarding!rates!than!enterpriseF!layer!
switches.!Forwarding!rates!are!important!to!consider!when!selecting!a!switch.!If!the!switchF
forwarding!rate!is!too!low,!it!cannot!accommodate!full!wireFspeed!communication!across!all!its!
switch!ports.!Wire!speed!is!the!data!rate!that!each!port!on!the!switch!is!capable!of!attaining
either!100!Mbps!Fast!Ethernet!or!1000!Mbps!Gigabit!Ethernet.!
For!example,!a!48Fport!gigabit!switch!operating!at!full!wire!speed!generates!48!Gbps!of!traffic.!
If!the!switch!supports!a!forwarding!rate!of!only!32!Gbps,!it!cannot!run!at!full!wire!speed!across!
all!ports!simultaneously.!
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Link!Aggregation:!
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As!part!of!bandwidth!aggregation,!you!should!determine!if!there!are!enough!ports!on!a!switch!
to!aggregate!to!support!the!required!bandwidth.!For!example,!consider!a!Gigabit!Ethernet!port,!
which!carries!up!to!1!Gbps!of!traffic.!If!you!have!a!24Fport!switch,!with!all!ports!capable!of!
running!at!gigabit!speeds,!you!could!generate!up!to!24!Gbps!of!network!traffic.!If!the!switch!is!
connected!to!the!rest!of!the!network!by!a!single!network!cable,!it!can!forward!only!1!Gbps!of!
the!data!to!the!rest!of!the!network.!Due!to!the!contention!for!bandF!width,!the!data!would!
forward!more!slowly.!That!results!in!1/24th!wire!speed!available!to!each!of!the!24!devices!
connected!to!the!switch.!Wire!speed!describes!the!theoretical!maxiF!mum!data!transmission!
rate!of!a!connection.!
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Link!aggregation!helps!to!reduce!these!bottlenecks!of!traffic!by!allowing!up!to!eight!switch!
ports!to!be!bound!together!for!data!communications,!providing!up!to!16!Gbps!of!data!
throughput!when!Gigabit!Ethernet!ports!are!used.!With!the!addition!of!multiple!10!Gigabit!
Ethernet!uplinks!on!some!enterpriseFlayer!switches,!160!Gbps!throughput!rates!can!be!
achieved.!Cisco!uses!the!term!Ether!Channel!when!describing!aggregated!switch!ports.!Keep!in!
mind!that!Ether!Channel!reduces!the!number!of!available!ports!to!connect!network!devices.!
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Power!over!Ethernet:!
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Power!over!Ethernet!(PoE)!allows!the!switch!to!deliver!power!to!a!device!over!the!existing!
Ethernet!cabling.!PoE!ports!on!a!switch,!IP!phone,!access!point,!and!wireless!LAN!controller!
look!the!same!as!any!switch!port.!
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PoE!allows!you!more!flexibility!when!installing!wireless!access!points!and!IP!phones!because!
you!can!install!them!anywhere!you!can!run!an!Ethernet!cable.!You!do!not!need!to!consider!how!
to!run!ordinary!power!to!the!device.!You!should!select!a!switch!that!supports!PoE!only!if!you!
are!actually!going!to!take!advantage!of!the!feature!because!it!adds!considerF!able!cost!to!the!
switch.!
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Layer!3!Functionality:!
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Typically,!switches!operate!at!Layer!2!of!the!OSI!reference!model,!where!they!deal!primarily!
with!the!MAC!addresses!of!devices!connected!to!switch!ports.!Layer!3!switches!are!also!known!
as!multilayer!switches.!
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3)!What!are!the!benefits!of!VLAN?!Explain!different!types!of!VLAN.!
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Ans:!VLAN!(Virtual!Local!Network)!is!a!logically!separate!IP!subFnet!which!allow!multiple!IP!
networks!and!subnets!to!exist!on!the!sameFswitched!network.!
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VLAN!is!a!logical!broadcast!domain!that!can!span!multiple!physical!LAN!segments.!It!is!a!
modern!way!administrators!configure!switches!into!virtual!localFarea!networks!(VLANs)!to!
improve!network!performance!by!separating!large!Layer!2!broadcast!domains!into!smaller!
ones.!!
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By!using!VLAN!a!network!administrator!will!be!able!to!group!together!stations!by!logical!
function,!or!by!applications,!without!regard!to!physical!location!of!the!users.!
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Each!VLAN!functions!as!a!separate!LAN!and!spans!one!or!more!switches.!This!allows!host!
devices!to!behave!as!if!they!were!on!the!same!network!segment.!!
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For!traffic!to!move!between!VLANs,!a!layer!3!device!(router)!is!required.!
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VLAN!has!three!major!functions:!
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Limits!the!size!of!broadcast!domains!
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Improves!network!performance!
III.
Provides!a!level!of!security!
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Types!of!VLANS:!!
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Default!VLAN:!This!is!basically!where!ALL!ports!belongs!to!by!default,!this!is!technically!VLAN!
1!and!it!can't!be!deleted!from!the!switch.!On!some!(old!)!Catalyst!switches!you!can't!even!
disallow!VLAN!1!from!trunk!ports.!
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Data!VLAN:!This!is!the!"normal"!VLAN!where!the!traffic!is!carried!and!where!the!client!data!
goes!through!the!LAN.!
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Native!VLAN:!The!native!VLAN!is!an!802.1Q!only!concept.!Traffic!belonging!to!the!native!VLAN!
is!not!tagged.!Note!that!by!default!VLAN!1!(which!is!the!default!VLAN)!is!the!native!VLAN!on!
ALL!Catalyst!switches.!You!can!designate!any!VLAN!as!your!native!on!your!switch!and!note!
that!it!need!to!match!on!both!ends!of!the!trunk!connection.!
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Voice!VLAN:!The!voice!VLAN!is!where!the!QoS!policies!are!applied!in!order!to!prioritize!this!
traffic!to!send!it!through!the!LAN.!The!voice!traffic!it's!always!distinguished!from!the!data!
traffic!on!the!LAN.!
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Management!VLAN:!This!is!used!on!a!LAN!for!management!purposes.!Example!of!this!would!
be!to!use!it!on!a!OutFofFBand!(OOB)!implementations.!This!VLAN!normally!carries!sensitive!
traffic!from!a!control!perspective;!some!of!the!protocols!that!are!carried!on!this!VLAN!are:!FTP,!
TFTP,!Telnet,!SSH,!SCP,!and!others.!
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Special!VLANs:!These!VLANs!are!basically!used!for!special!cases!on!your!LAN.!An!example!of!a!
special!case!VLAN!would!be!VLAN!0,!which!is!used!in!conjunction!with!802.1p.!I!would!say!that!
VLAN!1!fits!in!this!"special"!category!too.!
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Reserved!VLANs:!There!are!some!VLANs!that!are!reserved!internally!on!your!switch!in!order!
to!use!them!on!other!environments!like!FDDI,!Token!Ring.!The!specific!VLANs!used!for!these!
two!types!of!networks!are!from!1002!F!1005.!
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Private!VLANs:!it's!a!technology!that!has!some!new!concepts/category!of!VLANs,!but!these!are!
not!a!CCNA!R&S!related!topic.!
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4)!A!pointXtoXpoint!connection!with!different!vendor!routers!using!HDLC!as!
the!Encapsulation!type!cannot!establish!a!connection.!When!you!change!the!
encapsulation!type!on!both!routers!to!PPP,!the!connection!is!established.!
Why!did!the!routers!establish!a!connection!with!PPP!and!not!with!HDLC?!
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Ans:!HDLC!is!a!vendorFspecific!protocol!that!is!not!compatible!with!other!vendors!versions!of!
HDLC.!Because!PPP!is!an!open!standard!protocol!that!functions!in!multivendor!environment,!
the!communicating!routers!were!allowed!to!establish!a!connection.!
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5)!What!are!the!downsides!to!password!recovery?!
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Ans:!First, if your passwords are encrypted, you cannot see them or recover them. This is
why you should always have a backup of all working configurations for devices in a
production network. The second drawback is that anyone with physical access to a device
can follow these steps and take control of a device. Therefore, physical security for network
devices is essential.
MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 9!
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ASSIGNMENT!B!
MSI$301:$LAN$SWITCHING$AND$WIRELESS$|$SOLVED$ASSIGNMENT! 1
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(A)!Describe!the!benefits!and!purpose!of!VTP?!
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Ans:!VLAN!Trunking!Protocol!or!VTP!refers!to!a!messaging!protocol!responsible!for!managing!
the!renaming,!deletion!and!addition!of!VLANs!(Virtual!Local!Area!Networks).!Cisco!VLAN!
Trunking!Protocol!lowers!administration!in!switched!networks.!The!following!are!major!
benefits!of!VLAN!Trunking!Protocol.!
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I. Better!network!management:!
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VTP!lowers!the!possible!inconsistencies!in!configuration!that!normally!come!about!once!
modifications!are!made!in!a!network.!Such!inconsistencies!may!lead!to!security!violations!
since!VLANs!have!the!capability!of!cross!connecting!when!matching!names!are!utilized.!
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II. Maintains!consistency!
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The!VLAN!Trunking!Protocol!offers!the!benefit!of!maintaining!configuration!consistency!
throughout!the!whole!network.!This!is!credited!to!the!fact!that!VTP!utilizes!trunk!frames!
for!managing!any!changes!made!to!the!VLANs!in!that!particular!network.!This!is!attained!
through!the!use!of!a!central!switch!found!in!the!server!mode.!!!
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III. Manages!Cisco!switches!
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Another!vital!advantage!of!VLAN!Trunking!Protocol!is!that!it!provides!an!effective!
method!of!managing!Cisco!switches!like!one!group!for!configuration!purposes.!This!
means!that!if!the!VTP!has!been!enabled!on!a!Cisco!switch,!creating!a!VLAN!on!a!single!
switch!then!makes!the!VLAN!accessible!to!all!the!switches!in!that!VTP!domain.!The!switch!
can!only!be!a!part!of!one!VTP!domain!at!a!single!time.!
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(B)!Explain!the!purpose!and!operation!of!ACLs?!Explain!the!filtering!
process?!
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Ans:!Access!Control!List!(ACL)!are!filters!that!enable!you!to!control!which!routing!updates!or!
packets!are!permitted!or!denied!in!or!out!of!a!network.!They!are!specifically!used!by!network!
administrators!to!filter!traffic!and!to!provide!extra!security!for!their!networks.!This!can!be!
applied!on!routers!(Cisco).!
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ACLs!provide!a!powerful!way!to!control!traffic!into!and!out!of!your!network;!this!control!can!
be!as!simple!as!permitting!or!denying!network!hosts!or!addresses.!!You!can!configure!ACLs!for!
all!routed!network!protocols.!
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The!most!important!reason!to!configure!ACLs!is!to!provide!security!for!your!network.!
However,!ACLs!can!also!be!configured!to!control!network!traffic!based!on!the!TCP!port!being!
used.!
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How!ACLs!works:!
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A!router!acts!as!a!packet!filter!when!it!forwards!or!denies!packets!according!to!filtering!rules.!
As!a!Layer!3!device,!a!packetFfiltering!router!uses!rules!to!determine!whether!to!permit!or!
deny!traffic!based!on!source!and!destination!IP!addresses,!source!port!and!destination!port,!
and!the!protocol!of!the!packet.!These!rules!are!defined!using!access!control!lists!or!ACLs.!
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!To!simplify!how!ACL!or!a!router!uses!packet!filtering!work,!imagine!!a!guard!stationed!at!a!
locked!door.!The!guard's!instruction!is!to!allow!only!people!whose!names!appear!on!a!quest!
list!to!pass!through!the!door.!The!guard!is!filtering!people!based!on!the!condition!of!having!
their!names!on!the!authorized!list.!
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When!a!packet!arrives!at!the!router,!the!router!extracts!certain!information!from!the!packet!
header!and!makes!decisions!according!to!the!filter!rules!as!to!whether!the!packet!can!pass!
through!or!be!dropped.!Packet!filtering!process!works!at!the!Network!layer!of!the!Open!
Systems!Interconnection!(OSI)!model,!or!the!Internet!layer!of!TCP/IP.!
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2)!Describe!and!compare!the!Ethernet!concepts!and!techniques!used!by!
LAN!switches.!
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Ans:!Switches!are!sometimes!called!multiport!bridges!or!switching!hubs.!Switches!make!
decisions!based!on!MAC!addresses!and!therefore,!are!Layer!2!devices.!In!contrast,!hubs!
regenerate!the!Layer!1!signals!out!of!all!ports!without!making!any!decisions.!Since!a!switch!has!
the!capacity!to!make!path!selection!decisions,!the!LAN!becomes!much!more!efficient.!Usually,!
in!an!Ethernet!network!the!workstations!are!connected!directly!to!the!switch.!Switches!learn!
which!hosts!are!connected!to!a!port!by!reading!the!source!MAC!address!in!frames.!The!switch!
opens!a!virtual!circuit!between!the!source!and!destination!nodes!only.!This!confines!
communication!to!those!two!ports!without!affecting!traffic!on!other!ports.!!
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In!contrast,!a!hub!forwards!data!out!all!of!its!ports!so!that!all!hosts!see!the!data!and!must!
process!it,!even!if!that!data!is!not!intended!for!it.!!!HighFperformance!LANs!are!usually!fully!
switched.!
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A!switch!concentrates!connectivity,!making!data!transmission!more!efficient.!Frames!
are!switched!from!incoming!ports!to!outgoing!ports.!Each!port!or!interface!can!provide!
the!full!bandwidth!of!the!connection!to!the!host.!
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On!a!typical!Ethernet!hub,!all!ports!connect!to!a!common!backplane!or!physical!
connection!within!the!hub,!and!all!devices!attached!to!the!hub!share!the!bandwidth!of!
the!network.!If!two!stations!establish!a!session!that!uses!a!significant!level!of!
bandwidth,!the!network!performance!of!all!other!stations!attached!to!the!hub!is!
degraded.!
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To!reduce!degradation,!the!switch!treats!each!interface!as!an!individual!segment.!When!
stations!on!different!interfaces!need!to!communicate,!the!switch!forwards!frames!at!
wire!speed!from!one!interface!to!the!other,!to!ensure!that!each!session!receives!full!
bandwidth.!
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To!efficiently!switch!frames!between!interfaces,!the!switch!maintains!an!address!table.!
When!a!frame!enters!the!switch,!it!associates!the!MAC!address!of!the!sending!station!
with!the!interface!on!which!it!was!received.!
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The!main!features!of!Ethernet!switches!are:!
!
Isolate!traffic!among!segments!
Achieve!greater!amount!of!bandwidth!per!user!by!creating!smaller!collision!domains!
!
The!first!feature,!isolate!traffic!among!segments,!provides!for!greater!security!for!hosts!on!the!
network.!Each!segment!uses!the!CSMA/CD!access!method!to!maintain!data!traffic!flow!among!
the!users!on!that!segment.!Such!segmentation!allows!multiple!users!to!send!information!at!
the!same!time!on!the!different!segments!without!slowing!down!the!network.!
!
By!using!the!segments!in!the!network!fewer!users!and/or!devices!are!sharing!the!same!
bandwidth!when!communicating!with!one!another.!Each!segment!has!its!own!collision!
domain.!Ethernet!switches!filter!the!traffic!by!redirecting!the!datagrams!to!the!correct!port!or!
ports,!which!are!based!on!Layer!2!MAC!addresses.!
!
The!second!feature!is!called!micro!segmentation.!Micro!segmentation!allows!the!creation!of!
dedicated!network!segments!with!one!host!per!segment.!Each!hosts!receives!access!to!the!full!
bandwidth!and!does!not!have!to!compete!for!available!bandwidth!with!other!hosts.!Popular!
servers!can!then!be!placed!on!individual!100FMbps!links.!Often!in!networks!of!today,!a!Fast!
Ethernet!switch!will!act!as!the!backbone!of!the!LAN,!with!Ethernet!hubs,!Ethernet!switches,!or!
Fast!Ethernet!hubs!providing!the!desktop!connections!in!workgroups.!As!demanding!new!
applications!such!as!desktop!multimedia!or!video!conferencing!become!more!popular,!certain!
individual!desktop!computers!will!have!dedicated!100FMbps!links!to!the!network.!
!
3)!
!
A)!The!router!IOS!images!should!be!stored!on!a!TFTP!server!on!the!
network.!A!network!TFTP!server!can!be!used!to!restore!lost!or!corrupted!
IOS!images!to!network!devices.!In!your!own!words,!answer!the!following!
questions!about!IOS!image!management.!What!information!is!required!
when!using!the!copy!command!to!upload!or!download!a!system!image!file?!
!
Ans:!The!command!requires!that!you!to!enter!the!IP!address!of!the!remote!TFTP!server!and!
the!name!of!the!source!and!destination!system!image!files.!
!
!
!
B)!What!happens!to!a!router!when!the!IOS!is!deleted!from!flash?!
!
Ans:!When!an!IOS!on!a!router!is!accidentally!deleted!from!flash,!the!router!is!still!operational!
because!the!IOS!is!running!in!RAM.!However,!it!is!crucial!that!the!router!is!not!rebooted!at!this!
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time!because!it!would!not!be!able!to!find!a!valid!IOS!in!flash.!If!the!router!is!rebooted,!it!can!no!
longer!load,!and!IOS!will!automatically!boot!in!ROMmon!mode.!
!
!
Case!study!
!
2) Refer!to!Figure!1!for!all!the!questions!in!this!command!exercise.!Figure!
1!Network!Topology!for!Questions!I!Through!IV!
I) Allow only Host A from the 172.16.1.0/27 subnet access to the E-Mail server. Use the last
usable number in the extended list range. Host A should not have access to any of the
other servers. Write all the commands below.
Ans:
R1(config)# access-list 199 permit tcp host 172.16.1.2 host 192.168.100.130
R1(config)# access-list 199 deny tcp any any
R1(config)# int s0/0/0
R1(config-if)# ip access-group 199 in
!
!
II) Allow only Host B access to the Internet, and deny everyone else. Use an extended named
ACL to accomplish this task, and name the ACL Internet. Write all the commands below.
Ans:
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R1(config)# ip access-list extended Internet
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit tcp host 172.16.1.3 any eq 80
R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
R1(config)# int fa0/0
R1(config-if)# ip access-group Internet in
III) No one from the 172.16.1.0/27 subnet is allowed access to the File Server, but all other
traffic should be permitted. Use an extended named ACL to accomplish this task, and
name the ACL No_Access. Write all the commands below.
Ans:
R1(config)# ip access-list extended No_Access
R1(config-ext-nacl)# deny 172.16.1.0 0.0.0.31 host 192.168.100.131
R1(config-ext-nacl)# permit any any
R1(config-ext-nacl)# exit
R1(config)# int fa0/0
R1(config-if)# ip access-group No_Access in
IV) Allow only hosts on the R3 LAN to communicate with hosts on the R1 LAN. They are
allowed access to the Internet, but deny them access to the servers on the R2 LAN. Use
the first usable number in the extended IP range to accomplish this task. Write all the
commands below.
Ans:
R3(config)# access-list 100 permit tcp 172.16.1.32 0.0.0.31 172.16.1.0 .0.0.0.31
R3(config)# access-list 100 permit tcp 172.16.1.32 0.0.0.31 any eq 80
R3(config)# int fa0/0
R3(config-if)# ip access-group 100 in
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ASSIGNMENT!C!
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6!
1. Which layer of the hierarchical network design model is referred to as the high-speed
backbone of the internetwork, where high availability and redundancy are critical?
A. Access layer
B. Core layer
C. Data-link layer
D. Distribution layer
2. Which feature supports higher throughput in switched networks by combining multiple
switch ports?
A. Convergence
B. Redundant links
C. Link aggregation
D. Network diameter
3. Which hierarchical design model layer controls the flow of network traffic using policies and
delineates broadcast domains by performing routing functions between virtual LANs
(VLANs)?
A. Application
B. Access
C. Distribution
D. Network
E. Core
4. What is the likely impact of moving a conventional company architecture to a completely
converged network?
A. Local analog phone service can be completely outsourced to cost-effective providers.
B. The Ethernet VLAN structure is less complex.
C. A shared infrastructure is created resulting in a single network to manage.
D. QoS issues are greatly reduced.
E. There is less bandwidth competition between voice and video streams.
5. Configuring communication between devices on different VLANs requires the use of which
layer of the OSI model?
A. Layer 1
B. Layer3
C. Layer4
D. Layer 5
6. Which layer of the OSI model does an access layer LAN switch use to make a forwarding
decision?
A. Layer 1
B. Layer 2
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C. Layer 3
D. Layer 4
7. Which hierarchical design characteristic would be recommended at both the core and
distribution layers to protect the network in the case of a route failure?
A. PoE
B. Redundancy
C. Aggregation
D. Access lists
8. At which hierarchical layer are switches normally not required to process all ports at wire
speed?
A. Core layer
B. Distribution layer
C. Access layer
D. Entry layer
9. For organizations that are implementing a voice over IP solution, what functionality should
be enabled at all three layers of the hierarchical network?
A. Power over Ethernet
B. Quality of service
C. Switch port security
D. Inter-VLAN routing
10 Link aggregations should be implemented at which layer of the hierarchical network?
A. Core only
B. Distribution and core
C. Access and distribution
D. Access, distribution, and core
11. What statement best describes a modular switch?
A. A slim-line chassis
B. Allows interconnection of switches on redundant backplane
C. Defined physical characteristics
D. Flexible characteristics
12. Which layer of the hierarchical design model provides a means of connecting devices to the
network and controlling which devices are allowed to communicate on the network?
A. Application
B. Access
C. Distribution
D. Network
E. Core
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B. The switch will issue an A R P request to confirm that the source exists.
C. The switch will map the source MAC address to the port on which it was received.
D. The switch ends an acknowledgement frame to the source MAC of this incoming frame.
19 Which statement is true about the command banner login Authorized personnel Only
issued on a switch?
A. The command is entered in privileged EXEC mode.
B. The command will cause the message Authorized personnel Only to display before a user logs in.
C. The command will generate the error message Ambiguous command: banner motd to be
displayed.
D. The command will cause the message End with the character % to be displayed after the
command is entered into the switch.
20. When a collision occurs in a network using CSMA/CD, how do hosts with data to transmit
respond after the back-off period has expired?
A. The hosts return to a listen-before-transmit mode.
B. The hosts creating the collision have priority to send data.
C. The hosts creating the collision retransmit the last 16 frames.
D. The hosts extend their delay period to allow for rapid transmission.
21. Where is the startup configuration stored?
A. DRAM
B. NVRAM
C. ROM
D. Startup-config.text
22 Which statement is true when VTP is configured on a switched network that incorporates
VLANs?
A. VTP is only compatible with the 802.1Q standard.
B. VTP adds to the complexity of managing a switched network.
C. VTP allows a switch to be configured to belong to more than one VTP domain.
D. VTP dynamically communicates VLAN changes to all switches in the same VTP domain.
23 A network administrator is replacing a failed switch with a switch that was previously on
the network. What precautionary step should the administrator take on the replacement
switch to avoid incorrect VLAN information from propagating through the network?
A. Enable VTP pruning.
B. Change the VTP domain name.
C. Change the VTP mode to client.
D. Change all the interfaces on the switch to access ports.
24 What does a client mode switch in a VTP management domain do when it receives a
summary advertisement with a revision number higher than its current revision number?
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1!
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D. Enter the no shutdown in interface configuration mode to return it to the default configuration and
then configure the port for VLAN 3.
36 Which statement or set of paired statements correctly compares STP with RSTP?
A. STP and RSTP have the same BPDU format and flag field information.
B. STP specifies backup ports. RSTP has only root ports, alternate ports, and designated ports.
C. STP port states are independent of port roles. RSTP ties together the port state and port role.
D. STP waits for the network to converge before placing ports into forwarding state. RSTP places
designated ports into forwarding state immediately.
37 How can a network administrator influence which STP switches become the root bridge?
A. Configure all the interfaces on the switch as the static root ports.
B. Change the BPDU to a lower value than that of the other switches in the network.
C. Assign a lower IP address to the switch than that of the other switches in the network.
D. Set the switch priority to a smaller value than that of the other switches in the network.
38 In which STP state does a port record MAC addresses but not forward user data?
A. Blocking
B. Learning
C. Disabling
D. Listening
E. Forwarding
39 When PVST+ was developed; the Bridge ID was modified to include which information?
A. Bridge priority
B. MAC address
C. Protocol
D. VLAN ID
40 What is the first step in the process of convergence in a spanning tree topology?
A. Election of the root bridge
B. Blocking of the non-designated ports
C. Selection of the designated trunk port
D. Determination of the designated port for each segment