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Deviation Control
Whipstocks
Retrievable
Fixed
Hydraulic Jetting
BHA Configurations
Downhole Motor
Rotary Steerable System (RSS)
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
4/7/2016
Whipstocks
Whipstocks
4/7/2016
Mills
Starting Mill
Window Mill
Tapered Mill
Watermelon Mill
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
Hydraulic Jetting
4/7/2016
Mechanics of BHAs
Slick Assembly in an Inclined Hole
Assumptions:
2D Wellbore
Drill Bit Rotation
Inertia
Drilling-Fluid Flow Effects
Drilling String Lies Down on the Low Side
4/7/2016
Mechanics of BHAs
Mechanics of BHAs
Drilling Anisotropy Index (h): the relative difference of drillabilities
parallel and perpendicular to bedding planes.
1
and
tan
Where
: Equilibrium hole inclination angle
: Formation dip angle
: Resultant force angle
: Bit-Displacement Direction
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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Mechanics of BHAs
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Mechanics of BHAs
If
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Mechanics of BHAs
X
0.5
64
,
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Mechanics of BHAs
1
cos
cos
sin
sin
tan
0.5
tan
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Mechanics of BHAs
Example: Inc.
2.25 , 91 /
10
,
a.
0,
0
b.
0.1,
40
25 deg,
30,000
8.5 ,
6.25 ,
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Mechanics of BHAs
Slick Assembly in a Curved Hole
Assumptions:
DC lies down on the low side of the borehole for some
finite length just above the Tangency Point (TP).
DCs are under constant compression between bit and TP.
Borehole has a constant curvature (R: Constant).
is small compared with the WOB.
Bit is at the center of wellbore.
No bending moment at the bit.
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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Mechanics of BHAs
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Mechanics of BHAs
sin ))S
@ TP
S=L, U(L)=
0, and
"
EI
,S
s,
18
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Mechanics of BHAs
,
,
1
2
,
tan
sin
tan
Where
R: Wellbore Radius of Curvature
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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Mechanics of BHAs
sin
20
10
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Mechanics of BHAs
Types of stabilizers: (a) Welded-blade; (b) Integral-blade; (c) Sleeve; (d) nonrotating sleeve (Inglis 1987)
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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Mechanics of BHAs
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Mechanics of BHAs
Stabilizers
Effective use of stabilizer begun in 1953
Effects of position and size of DCs
Pendulum Effect
Fulcrum Effect
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Mechanics of BHAs
BHA with One Stabilizer in an
Inclined Hole
Length of Stabilizer is not considered
DCs do not contact the wall of the
hole between the bit and the stabilizer.
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Mechanics of BHAs
wsin
wsin
25
Mechanics of BHAs
sin
0.5
Where
1
cos
0.5
cot
cos
cos
sin
cos
sin
sin
0.5
26
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Mechanics of BHAs
Where
0.5
/
l
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Mechanics of BHAs
BHA with One Stabilizer in a Curved
Hole
Length of Stabilizer is not considered
DCs do not contact the wall of the
hole between the bit and the stabilizer.
28
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Mechanics of BHAs
sin
Where
cos
0.5
cos
sin
0.5
sin
cos
sin
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Mechanics of BHAs
Where
1
sin
1/
cos
sin
30
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Mechanics of BHAs
Complex BHAs
Two or three stabilizers
Typical build, hold, and drop BHAs (Fundamental of Drilling Engineering, R. F. Mitchel
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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32
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34
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Bent Housing
35
2
60
30
1
Typical torque and HP curves at 500 gpm and MW=10 ppg(Beaton et al. 2004)
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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Dump Valve
Power Assembly
Connecting Rod
Bearing and Drive
Shaft
Bit Sub
Components of PDM with adjustable bent housing (Underwood and Payne 1997)
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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Where
A: Cross-Sectional Area of Flow Path
: Rotor Pitch
: No. of lubes in the rotor
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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Steerable Motors
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Steerable Motors
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Steerable Motors
Disadvantages
Poor Control on Directional Drilling
Drilling Overgauge hole
Poor Well Trajectory (Not very Smooth Well Path)
Poor Axial Force Transfer to the Drill Bit
Poor Hole Cleaning
Wellbore Stability Problem (e.g. Differential Sticking)
Long Tool-Face Adjustment Time
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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Steerable Motors
A series of slide-rotate sequences for a 500 ft wellbore section (Lesso et al. 2001)
PETR 5315 - S. H. Emadi, Ph.D. - Spring 2016
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46
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