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Instructional Objectives:
- Define oil specific gravity and define oil gravity in oAPI.
- Define oil bubble-point pressure, pb.
- Define oil formation volume factor, Bo, explain the factors that affect Bo, and sketch the
typical shape of Bo versus p.
- Define solution gas/oil ratio, Rs, explain the factors that affect Rs, and sketch the typical
shape of Rs versus p.
- Define the coefficient of isothermal compressibility of oil, co, and sketch the typical shape
of co versus p.
- Define oil density, o, explain the factors which affect o, and sketch the typical shape of
o versus p.
- Define oil viscosity, o, explain the factors which affect o, and sketch the typical shape of
o versus p.
Specific Gravity of Oil:
o =
-
o
w
Both densities measured at the same temperature and pressure, usually 60oF and
atmospheric pressure.
Sometimes called o (60/60).
Density of pure water at 60oF and atmospheric pressure is 62.368 lb/cu ft.
The conversion factor between lb/cu ft and g/cc is: 62.428 lb/cu ft = 1.0 g/cc.
API Gravity of Oil:
o
API =
141.5
131.5
Rsb =
Separator
scf
scf
STB
scf
Stock
tank
STB
Bo =
res bbl
Oil
p > pb
scf
Rsb =
scf
Separator
Bg =
scf
STB
scf
Stock
tank
STB
Bo =
Gas
res bbl
res bbl
Oil
p < pb
pb
6000
p, psig
Bo =
p =
pb =
2 0 00
0
0
Rs =
p =
pb =
6 00 0
Definition: co =
1
V
V
,
p T
Oil
Oil
Hg
Hg
or
co =
1
Bo
Bo
p T
Gas
Oil
Oil
Hg
Hg
co =
1
Bo
Bo
B Rs
+ g
T Bo p
500
pb
6000
p, psig
co =
p =
pb =
Oil Density:
Units - lb/cu ft or
lb / cu ft
psi
=
144 sq in / sq ft
ft
o, lb/cu ft
47
39
pb
6000
p, psig
o =
p =
pb =
Oil Viscosity:
- Definition: the resistance to flow exerted by a fluid, i.e., large values = low flow rates
- Units: centipoise = (centistoke)(density g/cc)
g mass
dynamic viscosity,
= centipoise
100 sec cm
sq cm
kinematic viscosity,
= centistoke
100 sec
g mass
cc
1.1
0.3
0
o =
p =
pb =
6000
Oil viscosity, cp
Pressure, psig
Bubblepoint pressure