Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

1.

Background and Objectives

On the 11th of March 2004 and the 3rd of April 2004, the Contract for
Consultancy Service between International Management Group (IMG) and
Hidrowatt S.A. was signed to carry out the project, Analysis of the possibility
to use small (mini) hydro energy for electricity production in Bosnia and
Herzegovina, financed by the Spanish Agency for International Cooperation
(AECI), a section of the Minister of Foreign Affairs of the Spanish Government.
Within the framework of this contract, the commitment is established, on the
part of Hidrowatt, S.A. to carry out ten feasibility studies, developed at the preproject stage, for the hydroelectric plants in the Republic of Srpska.
The choice of the ten sites was carried out using the study Male hidroelektrane
u Republici Srpskoj, written by the Electric Company of the Republic of Srpska.
In this document, the information about 130 possible sites distributed
throughout the Republic is compiled. Of these sites a first selection of 20 was
carried out, and after visits to the sites 10 sites were chosen that, at first
evaluation, present a greater hydroelectric potential.
The present pre-project forms a part of the group of 10 feasibility studies that
have been written within the limits of the previously mentioned contract.
The objective of this Project is to analyze the technical-economic feasibility of
the Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) in the Sutjeska River. For this, we
will take into account the physical framework in which it will be implemented
(hydrology and geology). The distinct possible alternatives for the design of the
site will be analyzed and the scope of the production will be estimated. This
information with the analysis of the necessary investment will provide precise
parameters with which we can establish its economic feasibility.

Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

2.

Physical Framework

2.1

Location and description of section of river to be used.

The Sutjeska is one of the tributaries of the upper course of the Drina River. The
head of the basin is on the border with the Republic of Montenegro, placing the
study area at approximately 11 km, in a straight line, to the Northeast of Gacko.
The Sutjeska River circulates in a SW-NE direction and is a tributary to the left
of the Drina.
The Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3), has various secondary
collections, as well as a principal one in the river itself, which requires the
analysis of the different sub-basin slopes. The principal basin for the site has an
area of 18.26 km. The principal course descends from a height of 1750 to a
height of 1067 in a section approximately 4 km long, with steep slopes that are
characteristic of upper courses of mountain rivers. There is a high plateau in the
SE area of the basin between 2000 and 2150 m, that occupies an extension
approximately 2.10 km2. The highest point in the basin is the Volujak mountain
at 2336 m, located in the extreme NE. In the southern area, the highest point is
the Mesi Stit Mountain at 1852 m. The most important tributaries of the
Sutjeska are located on the right bank.
As previously mentioned, during the course of the hydraulic circuit, different
contributions will be utilized for different tributaries of the Sutjeska. These
courses are: Ras Potok, with a basin area of 1.18 km2, and is a tributary to the
left of the Sutjeska at its head. The Barska voda, a small tributary on the right,
with a basin area of 2.04 km. A series of small torrents that are located on the
right bank of the future channel and are susceptible for collection, they add to a
basin area of 5.25 km. Finally, Crni Potok, is an important torrent located
downstream from the future forebay, with a basin area of 2.79 km and for which
its utilization is planned with an intake and specific conductions.
In the following graph, we include a scheme of the different basins.

Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Figure 1

The HPP is located between heights of 1065.0 1 of the river, where the derivation
weir will be founded, and heights of 850.0 where the turbined waters will be
returned, given a used head of 215 m.
2.2

Geology

For the geological characterization of the site and to detect possible geologicalgeotechnical problems that could eventually make the construction of the plant
infeasible, the company DB-CON d.o.o. carried out a geological study that also
provides a preliminary look, from the geological point of view about the
implementation of the different elements that make up the site. This company, in
collaboration with the company Rudprom from Prijedor, carried out this
preliminary geological study which is attached as Annex 2 to this report 2. We will
highlight the principal ideas in this chapter.
The basic scheme of the plant, on the basis of which the geological study was
carried out, consists of a principal intake works, a series of secondary intakes
1

The weir, as can be seen in the plans, has a crest located at 1067.0 which will raise the nappe of the river
from normal level to this height. The available head will therefore be 217.0 m.
2

This document was originally prepared in Serb, and later translated to English. For obvious reasons we
have opted to include both versions.
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located in different torrents that flow to the principal course downstream from
the intake, an open nappe channel that initially follows a tunnel through a small
elevation, a forebay, a penstock, a discharge channel and finally a power
house.
The Sutjeska Valley was formed by the action of the river during the upper
cretaceous period, which generated extensive layers of sedimentary material
(flysch) and formed an asymmetric valley in terms of geological structure.
On the right bank of the valley the solid limestone substrate is covered with
loose alluvial material with different partially active landslides. In the most
elevated parts, small accumulations of moraine material are found that,
upstream from the intake area, create a layer of approximately 20 m of potential
covering a large part of the valley.
In the intake area the Sutjeska River the profile is symmetric with a narrow area
and elevated lateral slope s which highlight the presence of large limestone
blocks in the course of the river. The foundations of the works will be carried out
on rock with high resistance, however downstream from this point a process of
lateral and bottom erosion is observed.
The intake of the course of the Ras potok is carried out in the compact clay area
with a large erosion process and with accumulated material from landslides.
The route of the derivation channel to the Sutjeska course follows a morphology
and simple structure of marls in a lightly sloped terrain. The area with loose
limestone should be avoided and support for the works in the marls should be
sought.
The principal derivation channel is planned using a tunnel that runs parallel to
the stratified upper cretaceous period material for its entire length. Here large
clastic rocks are found with good physical-mechanical conditions. This way,
necessary underpinning work is estimated only in the entrances, however
further more detailed studies should define this work. The exterior route of this
channel is in a complex active landslide area which will be considered during
the construction of the channel.

Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Figure 2

Planned entrance

The final part of the HPP will include a forebay, a penstock and a power
house. These will be located in homogeneous marl terrain with a high
resistance.
In conclusion, no problematic connections to the geomorphology of the location
have been detected. In any case, an in depth geological-geotechnical
exploration should be done during the realization phase of the project and
during construction work.
2.3

Hydrology

The base information for the hydrological study was taken from the Cemerno
and Gacko stations, for which monthly precipitation information was available
between the years 1960 and 1979.
Table 1. Rain Gauge Station data
Cemerno

Gacko

Elevation

1306 msnm

960 msnm

Distance to the basin

2 km

12 km

Average precipitation

1932 mm

1750 mm

Maximum precipitation

2650 mm

2302 mm

Minimum precipitation

1424 mm

1247 mm

Average temperature

5.9 C

8.1 C

As well, information from the Igoe flow station, on the Sutjeska river, was
available with data starting from the year 1931. Specifically, this includes a
series of average annual flows between 1931 and 1989, but missing the years
1987 and 1988. As well, average monthly flows for the period between 1947

Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

and 1989, but missing information for 1977, 1987 and 1988. Finally, daily
average flow data for the series between January 1978 and December 1989
was available, but missing the series of data between January 1987 and
December 1988.
Table 2. Flow Station data
Station

Igoe

River

Sutjeska

Elevation

465.7 msnm

Basin

270 km

Series of annual averages

1931-1986. (+1989)

Series of monthly averages

1947-1986. (+1989) (-1977)

Series of daily averages

1978-1986. (+1989)

Average flow

14.8 m/s

Contribution

465.4 Hm

As detailed in Annex 1 Hydrology, the precipitation was converted to runoff

using the Becerril method. Previously rain values were corrected in function to
the difference in existing heights between the study basin and the observation
stations, applying to these the Mathias expression. The contribution values
obtained have been compared, calculating the runoff using the potential
evapotranspiration; for this calculation the Thornthwaite methodology was used.
Later the available flow data was analyzed, and the measurements from the
Igoe station were extrapolated to the study basin. The average flows obtained
were considerably higher than the calculations from precipitation. We opted
finally to correct these until they adjust to an average value between the
average flow obtained using both methods.
Table 3. Basin data for principal basin of Sutjeska HPP (S-3)
Area
18.26 km
Maximum elevation

1600 msnm

Minimum elevation

1070 msnm

Average elevation

1575 msnm

Average annual precipitation

1810 mm

Average annual temperature

4.0 C

Average flow

1.18 m3/s

Contribution

37.21 Hm

The secondary basins collected, as indicated in Annex 1 of this Project, are

those of Ras potok, Barska voda, the basin on the right bank of the channel,
and that of Crni potok. The process for calculation of contributions to the
collected secondary basins was repeated, applying in the specific case the
contributions to the right hillside toward the channel. This provides a reduction
of 50% given the possibility that these courses are easily modified.
The data for the total basin will be:

Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Table 4. Basin data for Sutjeska HPP (S-3)

Area (equivalent)
26.90 km
Maximum height

1600 msnm

Minimum height

1070 msnm

Average height

1575 msnm

Average annual precipitation

1810 mm

Average annual temperature

4,0 C

Average flow

1.74 m/s

Contribution

54.86Hm

Considering an homogeneous contribution in the set of sub-basins that would

generate the contribution for this HPP, the sharing of flows is established in the
following way:
Table 5

Sutjeska
Barska Voda
Ras Potok
Intermediate
basin
Crni potok

67.9 %
7.6 %
4 .4 %
channel
9.8 %
10.4 %

Finally, the classified flow curve in the intakes of the Sutjeska HPP, considering
the contributions of the principal flow of the Sutjeska and the secondary
contributions, is the following:
Table 6
Classified flows (m/s)
Q30

4.14

Q150

1,56

Q270

0,62

Q60

3.09

Q180

1,27

Q300

0,40

Q90

2,40

Q210

0,91

Q330

0,30

Q120

1,87

Q240

0,67

Q360

0,19

Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Figure 3

2.4

Environment

With the objective of determining the ecological flows that can be left to circulate
in the intake, a preliminary study was carried out by the company DBCON
d.o.o., in which these flows should be detected and, the existence of, if any,
possible environmental problems that would make the site inappropriate.
This information is attached as Annex 3 to this report. This study deduces the
environmental compatibility of the objective site of this study.
The report deduces that the ecological flow or reserve that can be guaranteed
by the intake is:
Q = 55 l/s
It is explained in the annex that the criteria used for the determination of this
figure does not correspond to any specific norm of the Republika Srpska, but to
guidelines that could be applied in to a future regulation.
We consider it appropriate, while no specific use orders exist, to adopt as the
ecological flow that corresponding to 10% of the average flow at the intake
point, a percentage widely accepted in different regions in Europe.
Given that the average flow at the intake point is 1180 l/s, it is intended, as
such, to guarantee the ecological flow at the intake point of:
Q = 118 l/s

Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

3.

Alternatives Study

3.1.

Prior Study

In studies previously carried out by Elektroprivreda Republike Srpske, the intake

is in the Sutjeska River, using a Tyrolese intake at a height of 1055. The tunnel
begins downstream from the intake, with a length of approximately 600 m; it
runs through the Olji Rt hill, which separates the Sutjeska River from Barska
voda. With this tunnel both courses are connected, planning the construction of
a second intake, also Tyrolese type, in the Barska. From this point, the
construction of a low pressure pipe is planned that runs hillside halfway, with a
length of almost 3 km. The conduction ends in a surge tank that is situated
further than the Crni potok. From this point, the penstock descends to the power
house, situated approximately 842 height on the river. The dimensioning of
power plant was 2.0 m/s and the installed power was 3.2 MW, equipping the
HPP with two Pelton groups.
3.2.

Proposed Alternatives

Headwaters and secondary hydraulic circuits

The location of the Sutjeska intake is upstream from that in the previous study,
approximately 1067 height; approximately 100 m downstream from the union of
the Skakavac with the Sutjeska.
From this intake the open nappe channel will begin, or a low pressure pipe, that
will circulate on the hillside on the right bank. The length fo this conduction is
approximately 350 m. The construction on hillside halfway is geologically
possible in this area in which marls are predominate, however some limestone
outcrops should be avoided. The disposition of the stratum is favorable, given
that they dip towards the interior of the hillside, and thus guarantee the stability
of the very vertical slopes. However, own vertically elevated of the hillside
implies that volumes of excavation could be important. The general
configuration of the HPP allows us, if necessary, to substitute this initial section
for a low pressure pipe, which could be more easily adapted to the orography.
In the following graph, the location of the intake is shown in a view from
upstream. In this it can be observed, in a simulation, the course of the channel
along the hillside, where its verticality can be seen.

Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Figure 3

Sutjeska

Downstream from the intake, approximately 350 m, a torrent begins with an

important flow (see annex 1). The collection of flows from this course,
denominated by Ras potok, is considered interesting for which the construction
of a small intake is planned, from which a pipe with a small diameter will begin
until it reaches the Sutjeska weir upstream, with which the contribution
turbinable will increase by 4%.
Figure 4

Ras

Returning again to the principal channel, the construction of a tnel that runs
through the Olji Rt hill, which separates the Sutjeska from the Barska voda is
planned. The length fo this excavation is 650 m. Given that the excavation is a
straight line entirely, its construction is planned using a technique of jacking
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reinforced concrete piping. With this works, the collected flows in the Sutjeska
are united with the natural course of the Barska voda. The construction of a
second intake in this river will channel the sum of these flows. The following
photograph shows the scheme that is planned; the Ras potok, the Sutjeska and
the Barska voda can be seen.
Figure 5

Principal hydraulic circuit.

Once the second intake is built, in the Banska voda, downstream from the
tunnel exit that would transport the water from the Sutjeska, the construction of
a channel at hillside halfway that will run to the forebay is planned. The choice
of an open channel as the transport system responds to two reasons: open
channels are the most economic systems for water transport, and they permit
the incorporation of storm water that runs down the hillside.
In accordance with Annex 1, it is estimated that this contribution can be
assumed to be 6% of the total contribution.
The channel will pass the vertical of Borje municipality, located approximately
150 m above the channel, and will later pass over Selista village, approximately
50 m above in this case. At only 300 m from this group of houses, the forebay
will be located in a flat zone that will facilitate its construction. The option to
continue the channel is rejected, given that only a few meters downstream from
the planned point for the forebay the orography becomes more complicated and
the terrain is less stable. This complication is also partially determined by two
torrents, the second of which is Crni potok, with an important flow. Given the
large interest in using this flow, it is considered more interesting to construct a
relatively small conduction from Crni potok to the forebay. This will also

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incorporate the flows of the other torrent in its path. In the other hand the
lengthening of the channel, the larger dimensions, to these two torrents, which
would imply important construction difficulties and therefore, higher costs.
Figure 6

Intake at Barska voda and

tunnel exit

Figure 7

Forebay

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Figure 8

Crni potok

The scheme in which the principal hydraulic circuit is found is shown in the
following photograph, parallel to the river on the right bank. The forebay which
leads from the penstock and the secondary hydraulic circuit which comes from
the Crni potok which incorporates water from the other torrent along the way
and concludes in the forebay.
Figure 9

The incorporation of the flows from these two torrents will assume
approximately 10% of the total contribution of the system.

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Power house
The power house will be located upstream from the proposed point in the
previous study, coherently with the previously exposed plan, in which the
situation of the forebay before the cross of the two torrents was opted for. This
situated it at approximately 850. The power house will be equipped with a single
Pelton turbine with four injectors and a vertical axis.

Power house

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4.

Dimensioning of head

In accordance with the classified flow curves obtained in the hydrological study,
we adopt as design flow:
Qdesign = 3.0 m/s
A value which is approximate to Q 60 3, which is considered appropriate for this
type of river.
As defined in Annex 3 Environmental Impact, it deduces the necessity to
guarantee, at all times4 , the supplies of an ecological or biological flow of:
Qecological = 118 l/s
As in section 2.1, the maximum head used is 217.0 m. Given the design of the
different elements and the calculated load losses, the net head at maximum
flow will be:
Hn = 204.2 m
For the design flow and the corresponding net head, considering an efficiency
of 85 % together the generator, the maximum potential in alternator terminals
obtained is:
P = 5.107 kW
The HPP will be equipped with a Pelton turbine. Considering a cos = 0.8,
apparent power of the alternators will be:
P = 6.400 kVA

The following is an altimetric plan of the head:

3
4

Approximately equivalent to percentile 85.

Always when the flow circulating in the river is equal or superior to the ecological flow.
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Figure 10
Ras potok
Small
intake

Scheme of Sutjeska HPP. S-3

Barska Voda

Tunnel

Qd = 3.0 m/s
Qec = 118 l/s
Hn = 204.2 m
P = 5.107 kW

1058,83

Small
intakes

Small intakes

Forebay
Open Channel
L = 2205 m

1067,0

Crni potok

1065,0
Weir / Intake

1058,83

Penstock
L = 484 m

Power
house

Sutjeska River
850,0

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5.

General description of the adopted solution

In keeping with the previous scheme, the power plant will contain three principal
intakes and various secondary intakes that will incorporate small flows from
various torrents to the channel. The first section of the principal channel will
contain a jacking pipe with a length of 650 m, before incorporating the flows to
Banska Voda. The rest of the flow will be in a rectangular section in open
nappe.
The forebay will incorporate the collected flows in to Crni potok. This will
connect with the powerhouse using a penstock with a length of almost 500 m.
The power house will contain a generation group made up of a four injector
Pelton turbine with vertical axis attached to the alternator. In the power house
the necessary electrical equipment will be installed such as the transformation
park. The facilities will be completed with the construction of necessary access
roads and an evacuation line. These elements are described in further detail in
the following chapters.

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6.

Description of Civil Works.

6.1

Weir and intake Sutjeska

The Sutjeska HPP is composed of various intakes in different courses. Firstly, a

Tyrolese intake is proposed, located at a height of 1065.00 on the course of the
Sutjeska River, dimensioned for a flow of 2.04 m/s.
The work is planned in reinforced concrete and is made up of various gates that
allow for cleaning and maintenance tasks.
The weir is made up of a 12 m long spillway, with the upper lip at a height of
1607. The total length of the weir including the dam abutments is 34 m. The
intake works are located on the right bank. This includes a thrashrack for thick
materials with a length of 7.8 meters. In the body of the weir a recess is planned
that will guarantee the circulation of the ecological flow downstream from the
works at all times.
The recess, at the beginning of the fish elevator on the left bank, is located at a
lower elevation than the intake spillway, so as to prioritize the ecological flow
over the turbined flow. On the other hand, the long length of the intake spillways
guarantees that the entire range of collectable flows are carried out with a
minimal fluctuation of load on the intake spillway, so that the surplus ecological
flow that returns to the river when the design flow is captured will be small.
The systems of planned spillways favors sedimentation before the collection of
water and above all guarantees that at all times the supply of ecological flow
with minimal possible losses to flow.
The intake contains a small chamber which is divided into two areas with a
spillway length of 10.5 m of development and a crest at a height of 1066.15.
The waters that cross this spillway are definitively collected and turbined. To
eliminate flow surplus, a parallel spillway is planned, with a crest at a height of
1066.40 and with a length of 16.8 m. This will return the surplus to the river.
Both parts of the intake chamber will have both emptying gates, which will allow
for the eventual cleaning of sediments or other maintenance tasks. After the
intake chamber, the water will proceed to the derivation channel.
6.2

Derivation channel

The channel that leaves from the intake of the Sutjeska River, develops its route
on the right bank with a 2 m wide and 1.1 m high section. It has a course of
approximately 75 m at hillside halfway to the beginning point of the tunnel.
However, the hillside has a steep slope, the dip of stratum favors the
construction of very vertical slopes.

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The tunnel behind the Olji Rt hill is constructed using a reinforced concrete
jacking pipe with an interior diameter of 1600 m. With the necessary
geotechnical study, the type of microtunneler (EPB type or with front access)
needed will be determined. In any case, bentonite mud will be used for
perforation.
The section of the tunnel will deliver the derived flow to the second intake in the
course of the Barska voda.
6.3. Weir and intake Barska voda
The second intake work will be situated on the course of the Barska voda,
which is a tributary for the Sutjeska. A Tyrolese intake is planned, located at a
height of 1060.5 in the course of the Barksa voda River.
The work is practically identical to that planned in the course of the Sutjeska
and is proposed in reinforced concrete, also included various gates that will
allow for cleaning and maintenance tasks. The dimensioning flow is 2.40 m/s.
The weir is made up of a 12 m long spillway with an upper lip at a height of
1062. The total length of the weir including the dam abutments is 31 m. In the
body of the weir a recess is planned that will guarantee the circulation of the
ecological flow downstream from the works at all times.
The recess, at the beginning of the fish elevator on the left bank, is located at a
lower elevation than the intake spillway, so as to prioritize the ecological flow
over the turbined flow. On the other hand, the long length of the intake spillways
guarantees that the entire range of collectable flows are carried out with a
minimal fluctuation of load on the intake spillway, so that the surplus ecological
flow that returns to the river when the design flow is captured will be small.
The intake will be located on the right bank of the Barska voda River diverting
the collected flow towards a small intake chamber. This chamber is divided into
two areas using a spillway length of 10.5 m of development at a height of
1061.45. The waters that cross this spillway are definitively collected and
turbined. To eliminate flow surplus, a parallel spillway is planned, with a crest at
a height of 1061.70 and with a length of 19.5 m. This will return the surplus to
the river. Both parts of the intake chamber will have both emptying gates, which
will allow for the eventual cleaning of sediments or other maintenance tasks.
After the intake chamber, the water will proceed to the derivation channel.
6.4. Second derivation channel and forebay
a second derivation channel begins downstream from this intake work. This will
remain close to a height of 1060. The section of this route will be 2.2 m wide
and 1.4 m high with a slope close to 1% until the forebay.

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Throughout the route of this channel, contributions will be received from the
torrents that cross using the planned secondary intake works.
At 2200 m from the beginning, a forebay is found with a length of approximately
30 m, which receives water from this channel. This works includes a 20 m
spillway. The surplus flow that passes over the works will be returned to the
river course using a discharge channel, which will end in a stilling pool.
The connection to the penstock will be carried out using a thrashrack with an
automatic cleaning system.
The flows from Crni potok will also be incorporated into the forebay, and those
of the closest second torrent, in the intake, which will demark the waters to the
forebay using HDPE pipes.
The evacuation channel for the forebay will connect to the existing torrent.
6.5.

Penstock

The penstock begins at the forebay, and turns to descend the hillside. The
section of penstock has an exterior diameter of 1219 mm and a thickness of 9.5
mm. Steel grade X-60 following standard API-5L is planned, with an elasticity
limit of 4200Kg/cm2. The interior protection of the tube will be alimentary epoxy,
exterior epoxy in aerial sections and polyethylene in the buried sections.
The total length of the penstock is 484 m. This runs aerially in its entire length,
until it reaches the proximity of the power house where it becomes buried.
The slope of the penstock between the forebay and the power house is 206 m
given the variable slope according to the section.
6.6.

Power house

The power house is located on the right bank of the Sutjeska in a relatively flat
space which can be accessed by a newly constructed road.
The building is at a height of 847, and contains a floor area of 354,32 m 2. As is
common with this type of building, it has an lower level with a bunker layout,
with reinforced concrete walls and support, and an upper metallic structure
level. The roof of the power house is covered by deck panels and with two
faces. The exterior faades, made of finished concrete blocks, and will have a
chromatic finish in keeping with its natural environment.
The building is accessed on the south faade, above the area obtained by
excavation of natural terrain to a height of 856.75. At this same level, the
transformation park is located, enclosed by a protective metallic valley around
its perimeter. The level of the floor of the building is where the control room is
located, and this is also where high and low tension cells are stored.

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The generation equipment is stored on the lower level of the building, which is
accessed by stairs. In this building the auxiliary equipment and devices that
integrate the electrical installation are also found.
6.7.

Access

Access to the area, where the plant will be constructed is from the road
between municipality of Gako and the Cemerno road. From this road, around a
height of 800, a small part should be taken that will circulate on the left bank of
the Sutjeska getting closer to the river. From here a new road will be built and a
bridge over the Sutjeska to access the power house.
The access to the area of the first intake in the course of the Sutjeska is carried
out using an existing access to the upper course of the river close to ugovina,
from where a new vial will be constructed to the intake. The access to the
principal channel, on the right bank of the Barska Voda and later of the
Sutjeska, will be carried out from the town of Borje, from where an access road
to the route of the channel, from which later it will connect to the forebay and
with the intake in Barska Voda.
Finally, to access the area at a lower height, in the power house, numerous
forest roads will be used which will bring us close to a height of 850, and from
this point using a new construction road, and a bridge over the course of the
Sutjeska, we will access the area where the power house will be built.

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

7. Description of Equipment and Facilities

7.1

Electromechanical equipment and generator groups

7.1.1. General
In relation to the head and flow that is available in the studied HPP, the most
appropriate turbine type is a Pelton with quadruple injection.
This is justified in Annex 6 with the specific velocity calculation for the turbine.
These turbines have very good efficiency with reduced flows and for that
reason, guarantee the plant a large range of flows, with the disposition of only
one group, which is the final adopted solution.

7.1.2. Turbine
Pelton turbine with the following characteristics will be installed:
Type:
Net head:
Design flow:
Speed:
Power:

Pelton with 4 injectors, vertical axis

204.20 m
3.0 m/s
600 rpm
5.407 kW

The definitive characteristics for the turbine will be established in function to

what is defined by the manufacturer. Their offer should be based on the
construction project and its specifications.
It will not pass, in case of permanent shutdown, more than 70% of its nominal
speed.
The principal components of the turbine will be:
Runner:

From plated stainless steel in one piece

The surfaces of the scoops will have a flat and polished surface.

Injectors:

Will have a moulded steel body.

The needles, nozzles, and point rail axes will be stainless steel.
The deflectors will be forged steel.

Frame:

A mechanowelded steel plate

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

7.1.3. Safety valves

The safety valves will be the butterfly type, driven by a servomotor with an oil
opening and closure by counterweights, dimensioned to close in the worst
possible conditions.
The butterfly valve will have a diameter of 900 mm and will be designed to
support a pressure of 30 bars.
It will be made up of the following elements:
-

Valve carcass, with mechanowelded execution with screwed flanges in

union with the spiral chamber and the penstock.
Obturador disc with excentric axis with a continuous joint and a tendency
to close
Seal
Seat in the welded and rectified stainless steel joint.
Autolubricated axis bearings without maintenance.
Dismantling spool or flange system for the union between the butterfly
valve and the penstock with all accessories.
Operating lever with counterweight from mechanowelding construction
Hydraulic servomotor with simple effect for the operating procedure valve
By-pass valve with manual gate valve upstream and with another oil
servomotor upstream to equalize the pressure on both sides of the valve.
Set of command and control elements for the end of path valve and by
pass (DN80, PN 30), manometers with contacts for pressure indication
and detection, differential pressometer, etc.
Dismantling spool DN900 PN 30
Fixed spool DN900 PN 30

7.1.4. Oleohydraulic groups

The oleohydraulic group will serve for the operation, control and regulation of
the injectors, acting on the servomotors of its needles and deflectors. As well, it
will operator the servomotors of the butterfly valve, the by-pass valve and
eventually, the servomotor of the refrigeration valve, if necessary.
The group will basically be formed by the following elements:
-

Oil tank with optical and electrical levels, thermostats, emptying tap and
filter cover.
Motorpump teams, principal and reserve.
Double filter in the impulsion with electrical and visual indication of poor
functioning.
Bladder pressure accumulators
Operationg electrovalves with different servomotors.
Antireturn valves, incidental, distributive, flow regulators, pressometer,
thermometers,connection, piping, etc. forming the hydraulic circuit
between the hydraulic group and other governed groups.
Speed sensors

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

7.1.5. Generator
This is made up of a synchronous triphasic alternator, with vertical axis, air
ventilated in open circuit, prepared for its attachment to the hydraulic Pelton
turbine, whose rotor will overhang the axis of the alternator.
The generation will be 6000 V and the apparent power will be 6,400 kVA.
The excitation and tension regulation system will be rotating diodes and will
supply the alternator terminals using a three-phase transformer.
The alternator will consist of thermo resistant elements in the coil and in the iron
of the stator with the objective of controlling the temperature during no-use
periods.
In the alternator axis radial bearings and a push axial that will guarantee the
correct operation of the group.
The fundamental characteristics of the alternator will be:
Tension:
Number of phases:
Frecuency:
Speed:
Overspeed:
Power in terminals:
Apparent power:
Power factor:
Insulation :

6000 V
3
50 Hz
600 r.p.m.
1000 r.p.m.
5.107 kW
6.400 kVA
0,8
Clase F

The alternators will be made up of the elements that are detailed below:
-

Stator constructed in one piece

Rotor with solid poles and polar pieces and inductor bobins rigidly
attached to avoid any movement caused by the force produced during
operation
Copper coils
Bed plate or base plaque, and anchoring elements for the alternator
orged steel axis that will have attached, on its free extreme a dynamic
set tachometer and centrifuge relay
Excitation system without brushes
Heating resistances
Air vacuum filtres
Probes PT-100 in coils and bearings
Refrigeration
Autonomous forced lubrication team with refrigeration function for the
bearings
Fire detection equipment capable of detecting and sending an alarm
signal to the control panel

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

7.2

Electrical facility

7.2.1 General
This feasibility study proposes a concrete type of facility, with reference to its
conception, structure, electrical scheme, functioning and operation modes,
connection to the electrical network and operation model. The type proposed
has been commented and shown in various meetings maintained with directors
and technical personnel at Elektroprivreda Repblike Srpske, therefore being in
accordance with the conditions and norms of the company.
It should be born in mind that the model proposed is the most appropriate from
our understanding; however it could be totally or partially changed during the
preparation phase of the construction project, in function to the criteria or needs
of the final developer, the Competent Administration or the Owner.
The basic objective on which this study has been developed is to provide a
facility that functions alone, without continuous presence of operative personnel.
This personnel will be capable of responding and acting in an automatic way
before any problem that could arise whether foreseen or not, and will manage
the available resources in an optimal way and will guard, a preferential way,
their personal security and integrity.
Therefore, an automated power plant for stop and start is proposed, anticipating
operation in a semi-abandoned state. The operation personnel should only
carry out vigilance work and routine inspections. Only in the event of breakdown
or preventative or corrective maintenance will more dedicated intervention be
needed.
Given appropriate operating conditions the power plant will function
automatically, the synchronism and connection to the red will be carried out and
will be placed in the predetermined regulation mode. When any type of incident
arises that would oblige stopping, it will be carried out automatically and the
facilities will wait until service conditions have been re-established.
In the case of breakdown or continuous defect the plant will enter into the stop
phase with blocking, and will generate the alarm sequences necessary so that
the operation personnel will go to the facility. For this reason, it is planned that
the power plant will have the capacity to automatically contact the operation
personnel.
The operation of the power plant in an isolated network regimen is not planned.
The electrical facility will be composed of:
-

Generation at 6.000 V
Transformation 6/20 kV
Interconnection with the network, protections, and measurement of 20 kV

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Command and control. Automatic functioning using an industrial

automaton
Batteries with direct current.
Power lines and signal to the dam
Aerial line for connection with closest substation.

7.2.2. High tension facility

The plant will consist of a generator with a power of 6,400 kVA.
The plant will connect to the 20kV network through a transformer with nominal
power of 6,400 kVA. This transformer will be installed in an independent space
in the power housebuilding. The auxiliary services will be supplied using a 50
kVA transformer connected to 20 kV bars.
All of the apparel for the operating procedure and protection measurement and
counting will be available in the interior of the cells and prefabricated modules.
This will be designed like enclosed facilities with a capacity of maximum
electrical insulation up to 24 kV in the case of circuits of 20 kV and 7.2 kV or
higher in the case of 6 kV of tension.
-

20 kV Cells
The cells will be found in the interior of the power plant. The set will be
made up of the following units, responding to the wiring scheme
proposed that is attached in the plans.
Cell set for entrance system line exit. Made up of two cells for the
sectioning of the subterranean entrance line and breakers for grounding.
Auxiliary cell to contain tension transformers destined to detect the
presence of the network and to supply the general protections.
General protection cell for the interconnection. Will contain the
general sectioning of the power plant and the general switch on which
the connection protections will act.
Measurement. Cell destined to contain, exclusively, the tension and
intensity transformer for the equipment for measurement and counting of
the energy generated and/or consumed.
Sectioning of the size and protection of the transformer. Automatic
interrupter for connection to the group to the network and the sectioning.
Sectioning and protection of the auxiliary service transformer.
Ruptofuses.

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Cell for the auxiliary service transformer.

In this set of cells the entrance and exit will be with 18/30 kV cable.
The connections between the generator and its transformer will be
carried out using subterranean cable with dry insulation (6/10 kV).
The 20 kV connections between the transformer and the respective
protection cells will be carried out using subterranean cable with dry
insulation (18/30 kV).
The connection for the group to the network will take place using an
independent automatic switch, distinct from the general switch of the
facility.
All of the 20 kV equipment will be located in an independent precinct
from the rest of the machine house. This will be isolated from the rest of
the facility using a separator wall with a communication door between
areas and an access to the exterior independent of the power plant.
-

Transformer
The generator will connect to the network through its own transformer
using a block generator-transformer connection and a second for the
auxiliary services of the power plant.
The transformer will have an exclusive precinct. It will be placed on rails
and will have a collection pit for common oil.
The power transformer will have the following characteristics:
Three-phase transformer, in oil bath and natural refrigeration.
Power transformer .. .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6.400 kVA
Relation . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20.000/6.000 V
Service . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Continuous
Refrigeration . . . .. . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . .Natural by oil ONAN
Connection . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . Dyn 11
Loads . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2.5% 5%
Situation. . . . . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .
Exterior
Frequency . . . .. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50 Hz
Securely equipped with oil levels, thermometers with contacts and relay
Buchholz.

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Auxiliary Services Transformer 50 kVA:

To supply the alternate current circuits to the auxiliary services of the
power plant, a 50 kVA transformer will be installed, interior installation,
relation to the transformation 20,000/380-220 V, connection group Dyn11,
in silicon or oil bath.
It will be placed in the interior of a metal protection cell and its location
will be continuous to the M.T. transformer protection cell situated in the
20 kV precinct.
-

Cells 6 kV
The generator will be three-phase and will require a neutral phase for
measurement and protection. That the generator has an accessible
neutral phase is not planned.
For this, the formation set for the neutral (three transformers of intensity)
should be installed in metal cell (7.2 kV).
Other 6 kV cells available will those for control of generated tension
(three tension transformers) and the grounding of the neutral cell (an
intensity transformer and a resistance).

7.2.3. Low tension facility

General
In the interior of the power house, the following will be installed: command,
protection and alternator and turbine control panels, the protection panel for the
network connection, the panel for auxiliary services, the automaton panel, and
the panels for the direct current batteries.
Panels
The elements for the command, control and protection of the power plant will be
located in metal electrical panels containing, basically the following elements:
General panel of auxilary services DC and AC will contain the
automatic switchs for all of the operating procedure circuits for the power
plant, as well as their protections.
Automation panel and PC with the corresponding power plant
supervision and control software. For the operation process in automatic
mode for the plant, a programmable automaton will be installed that will
contain its own panel, and a desktop PC connected with corresponding
software for supervision and control. It will control the management,
operating procedure and control of the plant in a state of abandonment

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

and the telesupervision from a remote plant, from which the same
information can be accessed using another PC connected to the power
plant via telephone.
Additionally, in this panel communication elements with the water intake
panel and those for signalling and control of the elements of the
operating procedure and control of parameters in the dam.
L.T. panel for turbine.
Will contain the protections, state indicators, controls for operating
procedure, turbine controls and auxiliary equipment and flow indicator.
Command and synchronicity. In this panel the synchronism equipment
will be installed, with an automatic synchro-connector and commands
and indicators for the position of the 20 kV apparel and the electrical
parameters of the network and generation.
Generator panel. Will contain the relays for the electrical protection of
the group, including those for the corresponding transformer and the
elements and indicators of the electrical parameters for functioning.
Battery panel DC. This is made up of two identical units that will
supply different circuits. One will provide direct current for the supply of
the relays and the control panels in all of the power plant apparel up to
the 20 kV transformer terminals. The second battery is destined,
exclusively for the supply of the protection relays for the connection and
operation motors for the automatic connection switches, synchronism
and auxiliary circuits.
Counting panel. For the measurement of energy generated and
consumed, both active and reactive.
Panel for protections for the network connection. In this panel all of
the protection relays and auxiliary relays for the operating procedure will
be found.
Forebay panel.- Inside the forebay facilities a metallic panel will be
installed that will contain the equipment for signal and data transmission
to the plant, the command and protection of the oleohydraulic groups and
the operation motors for the corresponding hydromechanical groups and
the lighting circuit and socket.
Electrical Protection
Protections and transformers from neutral to 6 kV:
Thermometer (alarm and shutdown)
Buchholz (alarm and shutdown)
Barrel protection (64)
50+51+ 50N + 51N, overintensity and homopolar short circuit phases
51G, intensity of the neutral cell of 6 kV to ground

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

87, Block differential (generator + transformer).

Generator Protection:
3x27 : minimum tension
3x59 : maximum tension
81m : minimum frequency
81M : maximum frequency
32 : inverse power
50+51+50N+51N: overintensity and phase shortcurcuits and homopolar
40 : Excitation error
46 : Intensity of negative sequence
87 : Block differential (generator + transformer)
Connection protections
Contra overintensities (50+51+50N+51N)
Contra poly-phase defects to the network (minimum network tension)
(3x27)
Contra defects from ground to network (59G)
Of maximum and minimum frequency (81M + 81m)
Of maximum tension (59) (between phases)
Block of connection from the power plant for lack of tension in the
network
Automation
The power plant will function autonomously in accordance with the installed
program in the programmable controller (PLC) and in function to the availability
of flow and the exploitation regimen that will be fixed in each moment.
The installation will be made up of a PLC with large features which the records
and other work values will be introduced voluntarily using a PC containing the
supervision and control program.
The parameters and work records can be easily changed following the specific
necessities of each instant.
Telesupervision All of the data received and stored in the plant PC will be
visualized and treated from remote centre, using another PC and
communication via telephone (BTN or GSM).
The telesupervision will be complimented by an automatic alarm management
system and advisories to the heads of working for any breakdown.
Operation manners and instructions
The operation and tracking of the functioning of the power plant should be able
to be carried out using the following methods:

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Automatically without the intervention of an operator. All of the

control of the facility will be executed and supervised for the automaton.
This will carry out the operating procedures for start-up, synchronism,
connection, regulation, state and alarm vigilance, normal stop and
emergency stop, and telecommunication.
The automaton will regulate the opening of the turbine, and the flow to be
turbined, in function to the information that is provided by the level probe
in the forebay.
Semiautomatic. The automaton will stay in vigilance or guarding state
making sure that no prohibited actions are produced and executing the
stop process before the appearance of any anomaly caused by improper
operation or for activation of any electrical or mechanical protection. The
operator will be able to manoeuvre the power plant from the L.T. panel
that will include a chart with all of the indications or as well from the
control station in the power plant (terminal with computer).
Manual or tests. In this operation mode, tasks can be carried out from
the PC and from the buttons and touch screen, located on the front side
of the panel, allowing manual operations to be carried out for different
elements, maintaining the automaton as vigilante for the different
securities and for indicating the possible alarms that are produced
however, to avoid incorrect manoeuvres the necessary locks will be
introduced based on the logic of the cabled relays for those critical
operating procedures. All of the electrical and mechanical protections will
be active and will act independently of the functioning mode.
With regard to records the following possibilities for functioning and regulation
will be described:
-

Speed/frequency control. For connection manoeuvres to the network

exclusively.
Tension control. To adjust the synchronism with the network prior to the
connection. In functioning, stable will remain deactivated.
Power factor control. In stable working, following a fixed record.
Control in stable working in function to the level of water in the
forebay/dam. Operation in function to the available flow.
Control in stable working in function to the prefixed flow.
Control in stable working in function to the desired power.
Control in stable working in function to the hourly period and the flow
availability

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Power lines and signal to the intake.

In the forebay electrical power needs will exist for the supply to the different
installed equipment. Gates, automatic cleaning thrashracks, flowmeters, level
probes, lighting and power sockets.
Their supply from the power plant will be carried out using a low tension power
cell (690 V) and a fibre optic cell that will be mechanically stapled to the support
structure of the penstock.
Both transformers (380/390 V) and ones with 10 kVA power will be placed at
both extremes of the channel. Additionally, a cable for internal telephone
communication between the plant and the intake could be laid.
The supply of the Banska Voda intake, if will consider necessary, will be from
the chamber, using buried cable in trenches parallel to the road. Also, for the
intake in the Sutjeska, the possibility of building a small connection from the
closest municipality should be studied.
Auxilary equipment for command and control.
The automatic functioning of the facilities requires that all possible information
be provided to the programmable automaton so that it can analyze and order
logical functioning sequences.
This information should be given to all of the installed equipment that makes up
the corresponding signal emission elements that are already digital (open
closed, up down, position, status of an element, active no active, advisory or
alarm contacts) or analogue (injectors positions, ecological flow valve,
parameter values such as flows, water level in the intake, oil level in equipment,
functioning temperature of equipment, power, tension, etc.).
Each set of equipment, as well as its auxiliary equipment (oleohydraulic group,
lubrication group, etc.) will have associated control elements. Other should be
expressly installed. More concretely, dam level probe, intake security buoys,
intake flow meter, level probe in exit channel, fire detectors, flood detectors and
personnel presence detectors.
It will be necessary to install a couple of telephone lines, GSM type or using
conventional cable. These will be used for the remote control of the facility for
reading of meters and for management of alarms for working personal and to
Dispatching or the main plant control.
Other Facilities
A grounded network will be installed in the power plant, intake and in general, in
all areas that contain electrical equipment.

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

At the same time, where buildings, houses and areas where equipment is
present, either temporarily or for work exist, lighting networks and sockets will
be installed.
7.3

Line

An underground line will come out of the 20 kV cells reaching the first support
for the aerial evacuation line of the generated energy. In this first support, the
conversion aerial-subterranean will be carried out and will consist of a breaker
for the end of the line.
The aerial line will link the power plant with TS of Suha (110 / 20 kV) where a
position of 20 kV should be planned exclusively for the arrival of this line.
The length of the line will be approximately 7 km.

Figure 11

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Production Study

Following the calculations carried out in Annex 7, and at the same time based
on classified flow curves obtained in Annex 1 Hydrology, the expected
production for the Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) is:
19.93 GWh/year.
The maximum production of the series obtained was 29.28 GWh/year,
corresponding to the year 1979, while the minimum was 10.74 GWh/year, in
1983, obtaining a dispersion of +47% - 46%.
We attach the summary of productions for the studied series of years.
Figure 12

For the economic studies that are carried out, it is considered appropriate to
reduce the average production by 5%, for stopping, network failure and
maintenance. As such, the average production will be:
18.93 GWh/year.

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Investment Estimate

In accordance with the justification included in Annex 8, the foreseen investment

for the construction of the Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) is the
following:
Figure 13
HPP SUTJESKA S-3

1 Civil Works

4.671.169,30
Weir / Intake-1
Weir / Intake-2
Channel
Forebay
Jacking pipe
Secundary intake
Penstock
Power house
Roads

162.178,82
167.732,13
1.621.016,98
118.834,38
943.500,00
568.828,35
500.683,75
459.241,94
129.152,95

2 Equipment

2.443.290,00
Hydromechanical equipment
Turbines
Generators
Electric installation
Line
Total works

3 Others

7.114.459,30
20%

Total investment

342.000,00
930.000,00
333.000,00
246.384,00
591.906,00

1.422.891,86

8.537.351,16

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

10

Economic Analysis

On the basis of established investment costs in the budget and the estimated
obtainable production, the profitability of this project has been analyzed by,
calculating the IRR (internal rate of return), a common indicator of profitability.
This ratio is preferred over the NPV (net present value) calculation, because it
does not require the introduction of a value that should be decided by the
investor, as it is the future value of money. Thus, an evaluation of the
profitability in absolute terms is not obtained, but a value that, however relative
gives an objective measurement of profit.
The calculations are presented in Annex 9, and were carried out in function to
the following hypotheses and considerations:

Financing: Will relate to the outside financing in proportion to the:

-

Developers funds : 20 %
Financed funds: 80 %

kWh Sale price: Two hypotheses are considered:

-

Actual value in B&H: 0.0383 /kWh

Current average value in the EU for the special system (mini
hydroelectric plants): 0.069 /kWh

Development and maintenance costs: for a power plant with the

projected characteristics, it is considered appropriate to estimate 12 % of
the invoicing of the costs for operation and maintenance.

Concession period and amortization: The concession period is

considered to be 30 years.
This period coincides with the period of amortization of facilities that is
normally considered to be between 30 and 35 years.
The type of interest considered for the financing is indicated in the
calculation sheet presented in Annex 9. As well, the sheet includes an
estimation of the index of the variation of future costs and electrical rates.
The calculations were carried out for constant production during the
entire useful life, coinciding with the average production established in
the study presented in Annex 7.
Grants for neither the investment nor the financing were considered.
Definitively, the following results are obtained:

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

Investment:
Average annual production:
Concession period:
IRR(1) = 6.2 %
IRR(2) = 17.5 %

8.54 M
18.93 GWh/year
30 years

for a rate:
for a rate:

0.0383 /kWh (B&H)

0.069 /kWh (EU)

It should be emphasized that during the period between year 1 and year 15
negative cash-flow values are produced (for the hypothesis that the price per
kWh: 0.0383/kW)

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

11

Documents found in current study:

-

Report
o Background and Objectives
o Physical Framework
Location and description of section of river used
Geology
Hydrology
Environment
o Alternatives study
o Dimensioning of the head
o General description of adopted solution
o Description of civil works
o Description of equipment and facilities
Electromechanical equipment: generator group
Electrical facility
Line
o Production Study
o Investment estimate
o Economic analysis
o Documents found in current study
o Conclusions
Annexes
o Annex 1. Hydrology
o Annex 2. Geology
o Annex 3. Environmental Impact
o Annex 4. Dimensioning of principal elements
o Annex 5. Justification of net head
o Annex 6. Dimensioning of generator group
o Annex 7. Production calculations
o Annex 8. Investment estimate
o Annex 9. Economic study
Plans
o Location
o General plant and altimetric scheme
o Plant and sections of the elements
o Wiring scheme.

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Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) - Report

12

Conclusions

In accordance with all of the aspects analyzed in the feasibility study, and
especially with the results obtained in the economic-financial study, it is
concluded that the current sale prices of electrical energy in the Republic of
Srpska, will not result in economic feasibility for the construction of this power
plant.
This conclusion will change if in Bosnia Herzegovina, as is hoped that in the
near future, support mechanisms are adopted for renewable energies that will
bring sales rates closer to the average for the European Union. Given this
scenario, the construction of the Sutjeska Hydroelectric Power Plant (S-3) on
the Sujteska River would be considered economically interesting.
If finally, and in function of the results of the economic study, it is decided to
advance the construction of the power plant described here, it will be necessary
to develop the corresponding construction project in which the planned
production and costs will be detailed and adjusted.
In this particular case, it becomes a determining factor within the costs together
with the plant, the corresponding execution of the jacking pipe. A geotechnical
study with a broader scope that analyzes and determines the most suitable
execution process, which can significantly influence the construction costs,
should be carried out together with the construction project.

Barcelona, December 28, 2005

Carlos Hermosilla
Civil Engineer

Isidre Monzons
Electric Engineer

Llus Viver
Project Manager

39